Microsoft Future Decoded

Optics for the Cloud

02112018

Welcome

Optics for the Cloud ndash

How Microsoft Research are re-thinking

future Data Centre technology

Azure Infrastructure Region

le 60 km

Data centres deployed in 50+ regions 10000s of kilometres of fibre

10-20 data centres region

~100000s servers data centre3

How do we scale cloud capacity

hellip

Faster servers

CPU DisksMem

GPUFPGA

1001101010

2013

1001101010

2020

44 ZB 44 ZB

0100010101

1101101010

1011000110

0100010101

1001101010

0010011011

1011101010

0001001110

0110001011

Source IDC 2014

Data doubling every two years

Need for low latency at scaleML and AI driving this further

Slide credit Mark Russinovich

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Welcome

Optics for the Cloud ndash

How Microsoft Research are re-thinking

future Data Centre technology

Azure Infrastructure Region

le 60 km

Data centres deployed in 50+ regions 10000s of kilometres of fibre

10-20 data centres region

~100000s servers data centre3

How do we scale cloud capacity

hellip

Faster servers

CPU DisksMem

GPUFPGA

1001101010

2013

1001101010

2020

44 ZB 44 ZB

0100010101

1101101010

1011000110

0100010101

1001101010

0010011011

1011101010

0001001110

0110001011

Source IDC 2014

Data doubling every two years

Need for low latency at scaleML and AI driving this further

Slide credit Mark Russinovich

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Azure Infrastructure Region

le 60 km

Data centres deployed in 50+ regions 10000s of kilometres of fibre

10-20 data centres region

~100000s servers data centre3

How do we scale cloud capacity

hellip

Faster servers

CPU DisksMem

GPUFPGA

1001101010

2013

1001101010

2020

44 ZB 44 ZB

0100010101

1101101010

1011000110

0100010101

1001101010

0010011011

1011101010

0001001110

0110001011

Source IDC 2014

Data doubling every two years

Need for low latency at scaleML and AI driving this further

Slide credit Mark Russinovich

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

How do we scale cloud capacity

hellip

Faster servers

CPU DisksMem

GPUFPGA

1001101010

2013

1001101010

2020

44 ZB 44 ZB

0100010101

1101101010

1011000110

0100010101

1001101010

0010011011

1011101010

0001001110

0110001011

Source IDC 2014

Data doubling every two years

Need for low latency at scaleML and AI driving this further

Slide credit Mark Russinovich

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

1001101010

2013

1001101010

2020

44 ZB 44 ZB

0100010101

1101101010

1011000110

0100010101

1001101010

0010011011

1011101010

0001001110

0110001011

Source IDC 2014

Data doubling every two years

Need for low latency at scaleML and AI driving this further

Slide credit Mark Russinovich

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

How big is one Zettabytebull 1 ZB = 1021 bytes = 1 Billion TB

bull 10 TB HDD

bull Need 100 Million of those

bull Thatrsquos a 2500 km high tower

bull Data also needs to be transmitted across the network

bull 100 Gbps data centre network link

bull Thatrsquos 2500 years for transmission

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Hyperscale cloud hardware design in

collaboration with the Open

Compute Project (OCP)

Pushing compute

growth

Project Olympus Rack SystemProject Olympus

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Custom storage racks optimised for

cold storage

Pushing storage growth

Disk dPower

for d

Cooling

for d

Project Pelican

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Custom data centre interconnect

technology at multi-terabit speeds

Pushing networking

growth

Project Madison

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Pushing networking growth

11

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Driving exponential growth

Gb

ps

$

Network

FLO

PS$

Compute

GB$

Storage

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Disruption

NetworkCompute Storage

FLO

PS$

GB$

Gb

ps

$

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Disruption hellip and opportunitiesFL

OPS$

Compute

Gb

ps

$

Network

GB$

Storage

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Cutting-edge technologies in academic labs across the world

Southampton University University College London Cambridge University

Eindhoven University of Technology (Tue) and University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

A big opportunity hellip cloud-first approach

Optics

NetworkingStorage

Hardware

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Innovation across the cloud stackwwwopticsforthecloudcom

Custom switch

Storage on glassCustom optics chips

Physical

Network

Storage

New optics

New hardwaresoftware

New media

Application New scenarios

Optics for the Cloud

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Microsoft Future Decoded

Optical Network

for the Cloud

02112018

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Data Center Networks Today

19

Racks of servers interconnected by electrical packet switches

~100000 servers

1011hellip

3) Packets are queued

on output port

1011hellip

2) Address lookup

1) Optical-to-electrical

conversion

4) Electrical-to-optical

conversion

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Moorersquos Law for Networking

20

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Double the speed every two years

at the same cost

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Free switch scaling enabled keeping

network cost low and constant

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

21

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Disruptionhellipand opportunities

22

Gb

ps

$

Time

Electrical

switching

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Optical

switching

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Why Optics

23

1011hellip

1011hellip

Optical Fiber

1 Already used for transmission

2 Non-CMOS basedhellip

Optical Switch

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

How can we switch packets using light

24

1) Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR)

passive component (no transistors or buffers)

3) Fast tunable laser

2) Wavelength-based forwarding

Port 1

Port 2

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

How fast can we tune the laser

25

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

10000x

~100ns

256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

Utilizationlt30

Need for a fundamentally

different approach

20 ns

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Microsoft Custom Tunable Laser

26

6mm

PIC Photonic Integrated Circuit

(Indium-phosphide)

Wavelength

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Fast Tunable Laser

27

Tunin

g t

ime

~1ms

lt1ns

10000x

~100ns

100x256-byte packet

100 GbpsOff-the-shelf laser

+ custom algorithms

20 ns 100 ns 20 ns

MS custom laser

(tuning time lt1ns)

20 ns

Utilization lt30

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

All-optical Data Center Network

28

1 2 3 N

1011hellip 1011hellip

Clo

ud

netw

ork

co

st

Time

Electrical

Optical

Speed-of-light networking

No packet processing or buffering within the network core

eg row of racks 250 nanoseconds

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Bufferless blessing or curse

29

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

30

The lack of buffer requires tight synchronization among nodes

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

31

Developed a fully decentralized solution with nanosecond accuracy

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

32

Synchronization accuracy = 100s picoseconds

(less than 1 billionth of a second)Clocks are not synchronized

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Project Timeline

33

2016 2018 2022+

Production

lt1ns laser tuning

Nanosecond time synchronization

Scaling

Deployment hurdles

Integration

Reliability

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

34

CPU Data

GPUFPGA

1 2 3 N

hellip

1011hellip 1011hellip

Single pool of resources

Data Center As a Computer

Which new application scenarios can be enabled

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Project

Silica

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data volume is growinghellip

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Data generated per year

Data we can afford to store

Data volume is growinghellip but storage is expensive

Years

Vo

lum

e o

f d

ata

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Data storage tiers

Hot

Warm

Cold

Hot Data

Cold DataCapacity (logscale)

Archival storage

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GBMagnetic media

Short

Long

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Todayrsquos archival storage technologies

Low High Total Cost

($ GB)

Med

ia

Life

tim

e [Ye

ars

]

Tape

~10 TB cartridge

HDD

~14 TB disk

Optical disk

300 GB

Silica

Up to 360 TB

Magnetic media

Short

Long

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

bull Raw material is SiO2

(Quartz)

bull 10000s year lifetime

bull Write Once Read Many

(WORM)

bull Persistent no bit rot or

media decay

bull Resilient EMF-proof

resistant to heat

Archival storage in Glass

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Writing data into the glasshellip

Pulsed lasers rarr

Time

~100 fs

Femtosecond (fs) pulsed laser

120783 119943119956 = 120783120782minus12078312078711995611994211994011995211995111994111995600000000000000001 seconds

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Picosecond VS femtosecond laser writing

Picosecond (10 x10-12 s) laser

induces voids with external stress

Femtosecond (10 x 10-15 s) laser

induced small gratings in quartz glass

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

bull Laser beam is focused inside

the glass

Femto-second laser writing

bull At the focus the glass is modified

creating a lsquovoxelrsquo

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Voxel structure nanograting

20 nm20 nm

bull Multi-level encoding using shape and orientation of structure

Self-Organized Nanogratings in Glass Irradiated by Ultrashort Light PulsesYasuhiko Shimotsuma Peter G Kazansky Jiarong Qiu and Kazuoki HiraoPhys Rev Lett 91 (2003)

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Disaggregated Write-Read technology

Write Head

Glass library

Read Head

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Reading system

bull Source is an LED

bull Optical imaging setup

bull Parallel readoutSilica slab

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Polarization readout

bull Several images per layer

are acquired

bull Voxel traces are decoded

bull Multiple bits of information

per voxel

Processed image

Raw images

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos ostionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos postionet

aute plaut aliquiaspit vellam arcient

quatum nimus esti unt harchil

invenducia dolut porem ne volo qui

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

lab ipiendanis quiae eos

Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

bull Ut accatem rerum ea is cum ilicae

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Read head demoA track is a stack of layers

Glass slide with

many tracks (lsquodotsrsquo

to the naked eye)

Each lsquodotrsquo is a 3D array of voxels

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Reading head demo

Stacks

of voxels

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Optics Research inspired and designed for the Cloud

Thank You

httpopticsforthecloudcom

Conclusions

Session Feedback

Please rate this session in the Future Decoded app

Microsoft UK AI Research Report

Download the AI Report at httpakamsUKAIreport

Visit our Hands-on Labs on Level 3

Try technology out with on-demand labs and expert help

Go deep with Documentation

httpdocsmicrosoftcom

Things to do next

Session Feedback

Please rate this session in the Future Decoded app

Microsoft UK AI Research Report

Download the AI Report at httpakamsUKAIreport

Visit our Hands-on Labs on Level 3

Try technology out with on-demand labs and expert help

Go deep with Documentation

httpdocsmicrosoftcom

Things to do next

akamsIgniteTourLND

Thank You

Thank You