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Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

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Page 1: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

Middle Ages

Political, Religious, Economic developments

Page 2: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:

Page 3: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:313: edict of Milan

Page 4: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:313: edict of Milan325: Council of Nicaea

Page 5: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:313: edict of Milan325: Council of Nicaea410: Rome sacked by Visigoths under Alaric

Page 6: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:313: edict of Milan325: Council of Nicaea410: Rome sacked by Visigoths under Alaric354-430: St. Augustine

413-426: Augustine writes City of God

Page 7: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:313: edict of Milan325: Council of Nicaea410: Rome sacked by Visigoths under Alaric354-430: St. Augustine

413-426: Augustine writes City of God451: Council of Chalcedon

Page 8: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:451: Council of Chalcedon451-453: European invasion of Attila the Hun

Page 9: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:451: Council of Chalcedon451-453: European invasion of Attila the Hun476: Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus;

rules as “king of the Romans” (fall of the West)

Page 10: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:451: Council of Chalcedon451-453: European invasion of Attila the Hun476: Odoacer deposes Romulus Augustulus;

rules as “king of the Romans” (fall of the West)489-493: Theodoric establishes kingdom of

Ostrogoths in Italy

Page 11: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:489-493: Theodoric establishes kingdom of

Ostrogoths in Italy529: St. Benedict founds monastery at Monte

Cassino

Page 12: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:489-493: Theodoric establishes kingdom of

Ostrogoths in Italy529: St. Benedict founds monastery at Monte

Cassino533: Justinian codifies Roman law

Page 13: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:489-493: Theodoric establishes kingdom of

Ostrogoths in Italy529: St. Benedict founds monastery at Monte

Cassino533: Justinian codifies Roman law532-537: building of Hagia Sophia

Page 14: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:489-493: Theodoric establishes kingdom of

Ostrogoths in Italy529: St. Benedict founds monastery at Monte

Cassino533: Justinian codifies Roman law532-537: building of Hagia Sophia622: Muhammad’s flight from Mecca (Hegira)

Page 15: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:622: Muhammad’s flight from Mecca (Hegira)732: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers

Page 16: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:622: Muhammad’s flight from Mecca (Hegira)732: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers754: Pope Stephen ii and Pepin iii ally

Page 17: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:622: Muhammad’s flight from Mecca (Hegira)732: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers754: Pope Stephen ii and Pepin iii ally800: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman

Emperor

Page 18: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:622: Muhammad’s flight from Mecca (Hegira)732: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers754: Pope Stephen ii and Pepin iii ally800: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor843: Treaty of Verdun: the sons of Louis the Pious

(Charlemagne’s son): Charles the Bald, Lotharius, and Louis the German

Page 19: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments
Page 20: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:843: Treaty of Verdun: the sons of Louis the

Pious (Charlemagne’s son): Charles the Bald, Lotharius, and Louis the German

Late 9th – 10th centuries: Vikings!

Page 21: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:843: Treaty of Verdun: the sons of Louis the

Pious (Charlemagne’s son): Charles the Bald, Lotharius, and Louis the German

Late 9th – 10th centuries: Vikings!885: Cyril and Methodius bring Cyrillic alphabet

to Bulgaria

Page 22: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:843: Treaty of Verdun: the sons of Louis the Pious

(Charlemagne’s son): Charles the Bald, Lotharius, and Louis the German

Late 9th – 10th centuries: Vikings!885: Cyril and Methodius bring Cyrillic alphabet to

Bulgaria962: Otto the Great crowned Holy Roman

Emperor

Page 23: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Timeline:843: Treaty of Verdun: the sons of Louis the Pious

(Charlemagne’s son): Charles the Bald, Lotharius, and Louis the German

Late 9th – 10th centuries: Vikings!885: Cyril and Methodius bring Cyrillic alphabet to

Bulgaria962: Otto the Great crowned Holy Roman Emperor1054: East / West divided by Great Schism

Page 24: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Feudalism.As an economic system, it grew up as a response

to FRAGMENTATION and DECENTRALIZATION during the early middle ages.

It has ramifications for society, politics, military, and economics in the middle ages.

Feudal societies grow up where a Lord or Prince is dominant and where the highest virtues become TRUST and FIDELITY

Page 25: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

Page 26: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE

Page 27: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE

And

FIEF

Page 28: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord

And

FIEF

Page 29: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord

And

FIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve

Page 30: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?

The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord• A promise to refrain from action that could jeopardize

the lord’s wellbeing

FIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve

Page 31: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord• A promise to refrain from action that could jeopardize

the lord’s wellbeing• Promise to perform personal services on request

FIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve

Page 32: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?The two institutions of feudal society:

VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord• A promise to refrain from action that could jeopardize

the lord’s wellbeing• Promise to perform personal services on request• Promise to provide military aid on request

FIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve

Page 33: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?The two institutions of feudal society:VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord• A promise to refrain from action that could

jeopardize the lord’s wellbeing• Promise to perform personal services on request• Promise to provide military aid on requestFIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve• Cash (liquid assets)

Page 34: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Highest virtues are TRUST and FIDELITY: why?The two institutions of feudal society:VASSALAGE: “fealty” to a lord• A promise to refrain from action that could jeopardize

the lord’s wellbeing• Promise to perform personal services on request• Promise to provide military aid on requestFIEF: goods with which the vassal can serve• Cash (liquid assets)• Real property

Page 35: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Difficulty in maintaining peace in a feudal society: the payoff for loyalty versus the acquisition of wealth and property

At the local level feudalism creates a distinction between the MANOR and SERFDOM

Page 36: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

The High Middle Ages: 1000-1300• Emerging national monarchies (France,

England, Germany)• Western church is centered on the Pope in

Rome• Church established as authority independent

of secular government (compare the time of Constantine!)

Page 37: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

• Church established as authority independent of secular government (compare the time of Constantine!)

• The Investiture Struggle 11th-12th centuries– Begins with many centuries in the West in which

secular leaders would appoint (or sell) church offices of bishop or abbot to figures who would be faithful to the secular lord.

– Selling of offices is known as “simony”

Page 38: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

• The Investiture Struggle 11th-12th centuries– Bishops and abbots were very often already part of the

secular government• Literate and literate resources• Already established families

– Gregorian reforms• Henry iv becomes boy king of Germany 1056• 1059 the College of Cardinals is created to elect and protect

Papacy• Pope Gregory vii elected 1073• Declares that the Pope alone can make or depose churchmen

Page 39: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Page 40: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments

Page 41: Middle Ages Political, Religious, Economic developments

The Middle Ages:political, religious, and economic developments


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