Mr Mie Kodwo, Head of Research and Development Department of Zoomlion

   From  ‘Burgers’  to  Biofuels    

BACKGROUND  

•   The  use  of  waste  as  a  resource  has  led  to:  Ø Decrease  dumping  and  burning      Ø Development  of  recovery  techniques  Ø Research  into  new  and  emerging  technologies  Ø Transfer  of  knowledge  globally  

   

•  Value  addi>on  necessary  because  of:    Ø Poor  environmental  sanita>on    –  outbreak    of  diseases,  flooding  

 Ø Scarcity  of  land  for  dumping      Ø NIMBY  Syndrome    Ø Economic  benefits    §  Poten>al  source  of  energy  §  Raw  material        

   

Some General Recovery Programmes

CLEAN  ENVIRONMENT

 MATERIAL  RECYCLING  FACILITY  

COMPOSTING

PLASTIC  &  METAL  RECYCLING

BIO-­‐FUEL  (BIODIESEL,  BIOGAS,  BIOETHANOL)

ORGANIC  WASTE  RECYCLING CLEAN  

ENVIRONMENT SOIL  FERTILITY  IMPROVEMENT

CDM  EARNING

ECONOMIC  VALUE  FROM  SALE  OF  COMPOST

FOOD  SECURITY RDF  FOR  ENERGY CLEAN  

ENVIRONMENT RAW  MATERIALS

GENERATION  OF  ELECTRICITY

FUEL  FOR  AUTOMOBILES

REPLACEMENT  OF  FOSSIL  FUEL  (REDUCTION  IN  GHG  

EMISSION)

WASTE  

 WASTE  TO  ENERGY-­‐  INCINERATION  

 

Why Biofuel: •  Potential Replacement of fossil fuel due to: Ø Emission of GHG Ø Non-Renewable source Ø High Subsidies paid by governments •  Opportunity to add to Global energy needs •  Effective means of handling MSW- Ø Residual use as fertilizer          

GLOBAL SHARE OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION    

15%

32%45%

7%

1%

Source:  F.O.  Licht in  USDA,  2007

EuropeBrazilUSAAsiaOceania

CURRENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SITUATION IN AFRICA AND ASIA

DETAILS   ASIA   AFRICA  

POPULATION   4billion   1billion  

TOTAL  WASTE  GENERATION  

5.5million  tonnes  per  year   200million  tonnes  per  year  

%  RECYCLING   30%   5%  

%  DUMPING   70%   95%  

DETAILS   SINGAPORE   GHANA  

Yearly  per  capita  genera>on  

1330kg   219  kg  

Total  waste  genera>on   6.9  million  tonnes   5.4millio  tonnes  

Recycled     59%  as  of  2011   12%  

Landfill   3%   88%  

Targets  for  recycling  

                                         -­‐                    2010   58%  

                                         -­‐                    2011   59%  

                                         -­‐                    2012   60%  

                                         -­‐                    2030   70%   50%    by  2020  

Biofuel  produc>on  rate   0.045%   Insignificant  

Source  (Ian-­‐Thomson,  2010,    Asian  Green  City  Index,  2010)  

Factors influencing successful waste management include:

– Political will to implement set of policies – Investment and use of appropriate

technology – Involvement of individuals/people – Cost recovery /funding (Market forces)

Opportuni>es  Investment  in  need  •  Technology-­‐Recycling,  bioenergy,      collec>on,etc  

•  Equipment-­‐  Haulage,  recovery  or  recycling  •  Knowledge  transfer  •  Capacity  building  •  Research    

BIOFUEL AND COMPOST PRODUCTION PROJECTS IN GHANA

Landfill  gas  capture  programme  outlined  –Old  landfill  sites  

   

                                            Liquid waste Mostly decentralization

Biogas dry fermentation (MSW/solid waste)

Decentralized Centralized

ZL/KNUST/DTU  Biofuel  Research  project  •  Using  MSW  to  produce  Biofuel  (Biogas  and  Bioethanol)  

•  Residual  incorpora>on  for  soil  amendment      

Accra  Compost  Project  •  Accra compost plant - Project started by

Zoomlion Ghana Ltd, a private company (ZL), now absorbed by government

•  Will be operational mid of July, 2012

•  Biofuel    projects  in  Singapore  §  Neste  –project  to  begin  end  of  year  §  Alpha-­‐  Household/  Customer    base  biofuel      produc>on      

Accra Compost Plant under construction

•  Community/Household based composting development project-Undertaken by a team from ZL

– Facility design-Plastic barrel container – Pilot- premises of Zoomlion Ø Prior to project activity – Source separation – Collection plan

Barrel designed for the community/ householdcompost

•  NGOs  Based  project  in  Biogas  and  compost  produc>on-­‐Zoomlion  Collabora>on  (Youth  programme)  – DECO  Ghana  Ltd  (German  based)  – AKTP  – YES  by  CHF  – Eawag  /SANDEC  

BIOFUEL  POTENTIALS  

•  Biological  carbon  source  materials  –poten>al  for  biofuel  produc>on  

ü Cellulose,  sugars,  hemicelluloses,  fats  and  oils,  lignin  

•  1st  Genera>on-­‐Crops  or  conven>onal  starchy  food:  Less  sustainable  because  of  food  security  

 2nd  Genera>on-­‐  Crop  residues,  energy  crops  of  no  food  value  and  MSW.  

ü  Much  sustainable,  but  depend  on  availability    3rd  Genera>on  The  use  of  algae-­‐  much  more  sustainable,  no  immediate  alterna>ve  use  

 

2nd  Genera>on    

•  Usually  cellulosic  technologies  –  woody  biomass-­‐  

The  use  of  MSW  now  considered-­‐poten>al  components  being:  papers,  plant  materials,  biodegradables,  etc  

Main  challenge  has  to  do  with  Pretreatment  of  the  waste  for  the  biofuel  produc>on  

CHALLENGES  

•  Lack  of  funds  to  pilot  research  findings  •  Lack  of  facili>es  for  advanced  research  •  Uncertain>es  of  market  for  recycled  products-­‐  no  promo>on  made  so  far  

•  Lack  of  promo>on  from  government  

ADVICE  TO  THE  YOUTH  •  Encourage  team  work  •  Posi>oning  to  take  full  advantage  of  posi>ve  opportuni>es  

•  Global  networking  and  projects  •  Advocacy  •  Build  capacity  of  members  or  individuals    •  Liase  with  poli>cal  and  governmental  bodies  to  project  the  youth  

•  Research  must  be  the  focal  point  

             

THANK  YOU