mill tailings and floods in the cda drainage basin,
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Baseline Deposition Rates, Lead-Rich Sediment, Coeur d’Alene (CdA ) River Floodplain, Idaho Arthur Bookstrom, Stephen Box, Robert Fousek. Mill tailings and floods in the CdA drainage basin, Lead-rich sediments on the CdA River floodplain, Baseline rates of sediment deposition, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Baseline Deposition Rates, Lead-Rich Sediment, Coeur d’Alene (CdA) River
Floodplain, Idaho
Arthur Bookstrom, Stephen Box, Robert Fousek
• Mill tailings and floods in the CdA drainage basin,• Lead-rich sediments on the CdA River floodplain,• Baseline rates of sediment deposition,• Baseline concentrations of lead (Pb) in sediments,• Secondary sources of Pb-rich sediment,• Continuing deposition of Pb-rich sediments.
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Location map
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ANNUAL PRODUCTION, CDA MINING DISTRICT, 1886 TO 1990
0
1
2
3
1885 1905 1925 1945 1965 1985YEAR
OR
E (
ME
GA
TO
NN
ES
)
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
ME
TA
LS
(M
EG
A T
ON
NE
S)
OrePb
Zn
Jig intervalFlotation interval
Post-tailings-release time
Post-1980baselinetime
Tailings lawsuit of 1903
Jig-flotation transition
1968 1980
1893-'94 floods
SF, O, CCtailings damsbuilt 1901-07
O, CC tailings damsdestroyed by
floods of 1917
SF tailings dam destroyed by major flood
of 1933
Dredge at Cataldo Flats (1932-67)
Bunker converts to flotation
~1937
Major floodof 1974
Sand fraction of tailings used for backfill
Bunker Tailings Impoundment (1928-81)
Tailingsreprocessing
Production and Tailings Management
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Coeur d'Alene River Flood History: 1886-1997
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
1886 1896 1906 1916 1926 1936 1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996
Ele
vati
on o
f ri
ver
surf
ace @
Dudle
y (
+2100')
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Flo
w @
Cata
ldo g
age (
cfs
)
(column) Dudley spring (column) Dudley winter Cataldo spring Cataldo winter
History of Flooding
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Block Diagram of Floodplain
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Star Mill - south fork Coeur d’ Alene River
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Rose Lake, Idaho
1933 Flood Smelterville Flats, Idaho
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Lead in Surficial Sediments
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Riverbank near Medimontin 1993
1980 Mt. St. Helensvolcanic ash layer
Base of section ofPb-rich sediments
Section of Pb-Rich Sediments
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Lead-Concentration Profiles
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DepthMedicine Lake-
bottom sediments, site M92CS.
Time-stratigraphic intervals,
Cs isotopic episodes
(cm) top of drill core (dates)a
Tailings-release interval 137Cs decay (1964 - 1969)
36 bottom of drill core bottom in BA2 interval nd nd nd nd nd nd
(cm)
1.1
sdrAA ~4.3
sdr BA partial interval
9.2
(y/10)
0.5
1.3
10
10 2.3~5.2
~4.8
14
Baseline interval (1980 - 1992)
1.2
Post-tailings-release interval (~1969-1980)
Tailings-release interval 137Cs accumulation,
(1951 - 1964)
sdrAA ~4.3
sdrBA1 ~4.3
18
32
alternating light- and dark-colored
layers of sediments of
partial BA2 interval
16.0
10.8
sdr BA2 partial interval 12.2
8
a.Cs isotopic dating by Rember and others (1993) indicates depths to 1951, 1964 and 1969 time-stratigraphic levels. Depth to 1980 time-stratigraphic level is approximated, assuming AA and BA1 sedimentation rates were about the same (after disposal of tailings into streams ended in 1968-69).
sdr PBR
partial interval
7.8
Sediment-deposition rate (sdr)
(cm/10y)
Time spanDepth span
water-saturated, organic-rich sediments
4.3
Pre- and Post-1969 Rates of Sediment Deposition in Medicine Lake
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Littoral Limneticnumber of sites n 125 47 49 18 7 4
Mean + stdev cm/10y 4.7 + 4.3 6.9 + 5.3 3.7 + 3.8 2.5 + 1.7 2.4 + 1.4 3.8 + 0.8
median cm/10y 3.1 6.4 2.8 2.2 2.9 4.0area-wtd average
of medianscm/10y 2.9
Littoral Limneticnumber of sites n 77 20 40 9 5 3
Mean + stdev ppm Pb 3400 + 1500 3400 + 990 3600 + 1600 2800 + 2100 2300 + 900 4100 + 1200
median ppm Pb 3300 3300 3800 1900 2100 4400area-wtd average
of mediansppm Pb 2900
Riverbank Upland Palustrine
Riverbank Upland Palustrine
Summary statistics by depositional settingLacustrineunits
Entire floodplain
LacustrineunitsSediment-
deposition rates
Summary statistics by depositional settingEntire
floodplain
Lead concentrations
Summary of Baseline Depositional Rates and Lead Concentrations
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CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY OF BASELINE SEDIMENT-DEPOSITION RATES (1980 ~1993)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
BASELINE SEDIMENT-DEPOSITION RATE (CM/10Y)
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N O
F S
ITE
S
Floodplain total n = 125
Riverbank n = 47
Upland n = 49
Palustrine n = 18
Littoral n = 7
Limnetic n = 4
Baseline Depositional Rates
1.8 3.0 7.4
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BASELINE SEDIMENT-DEPOSITION RATES VERSUS DISTANCE FROM THE RIVER
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
DISTANCE FROM THE CDA RIVER (M)
BA
SE
LIN
E S
ED
IME
NT
-DE
PO
SIT
ION
RA
TE
(C
M/1
0Y
)
Floodplain total n = 125
Riverbank n = 47
Upland n = 49
Palustrine n = 18
Littoral n = 7
Limnetic n = 4
Lateral Variation in Baseline Rates of Sediment Deposition
28.5
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CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONSIN SEDIMENTS OF THE BASELINE INTERVAL (1980 ~1993)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
BASELINE LEAD CONCENTRATION (PPM PB)
PR
OP
OR
TIO
N O
F S
ITE
S
Floodplain total n = 90
Riverbank n = 20
Upland n = 44
Palustrine n = 16
Littoral n = 7
Limnetic n = 3
Baseline Lead Concentrations
1500 2800 4500
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LEAD IN BASELINE (AA) SEDIMENTS VERSUS DISTANCE FROM THE RIVER
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
DISTANCE FROM CDA RIVER (M)
BA
SE
LIN
E L
EA
D (
PP
M P
B)
Floodplain total n = 90
Riverbank n = 20
Upland n = 44
Palustrine n = 16
Littoral n = 7
Limnetic n = 3
Lateral Variation in Baseline Lead Concentrations
7500
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Box plots of historic and baseline sediment-deposition rates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40S
ED
IME
NT
-DE
PO
SIT
ION
RA
TE
(C
M/1
0Y)
sdrBA (~1903 - 1980) sdrAA (1980 ~1993)
Figure 17. Box-and-whisker plots, comparing sediment-deposition ratesfor sediments of the historic (BA) and baseline (AA) time-stratigraphic intervals.
90th percentile
75th
50th
25th
10th
4.7
3.6
n = 46 n = 46
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Box plots of Pb concentrations in sediments of successive time intervals
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
INT
ER
VA
L-W
TD
AV
ER
AG
E L
EA
D (
PP
M P
B)
PbBA1 (1968 - 1980) PbAA (1980 ~1993)
Figure 23. Box-and-whisker plots, comparing interval-weighted average lead (ppm Pb) in sediments of the early post-tailings-release (BA1) and baseline (AA) time-stratigraphic intervals.
n = 13n = 13
90th percentile
75th
50th
25th10th
40003300
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Percentages of tailings-derived Pb
in sediments by drainage basin,
and by depositional setting
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Lead Concentrations in Suspended Sediment
Pb in suspended sediments 1996-97
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
-20020406080100120140
River miles downstream from Mullan Idaho
Main 5/20/97Tribs 5/20/97Main 5/2/97Main 1/2/97Tribs 1/2/97Main 2/9/96Tribs 2/9/96Marsh 2/9/96
South Fork
main stem
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1996 Scour of Pb-Rich Sediments
in the River near Dudley
Approximate location of drill hole 94VCD2
Log exposed byflood scour
Stored Pb-rich sediments(well stratified)
River bottom before 1996 flood
Scoured zone Sandy active bed sediment(poorly stratified)
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Secondary Sourcesof Pb-Rich Sedimentin the River Channel
’96 scour