Minor Project Report On

“A Case Study on Construction of 3-Row Hume Pipe Culvert on Dhoba khedi to Dhaniya khedi ,Block- Sanchi, Distt. Raisen (M.P)”

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering In

CIVIL ENGINEERING By

NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01) JAI YADAV (0115CE111023) S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058) ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039) ABHAY P.S YADAV (0115CE111002) Guided by Prof. Sandeep K Shrivastava

NRI INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL (M.P.)

Department of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled. “A Case Study on Construction of 3-Row Hume Pipe Culvert on Dhobakhedi to Dhaniyakhedi , Block-Sanchi , Distt Raisen , M.P.”submitted by NEPAL VERMA, JAI YADAV, S.M MASHOOD, ROHAN SHARMA &ABHAY PRATAP SINGH YADAV in partial fulfillments for the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering to the NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal. This record is a bona fide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other university / Institute for the awarded of any Degree

Prof. Sandeep K Shrivastava Mr. J.P.Nanda Dr. S.C.KapoorProject Guide Head Of Department DirectorCivil Engineering Civil Engineering NIIST,Bhopal

Dr.Monika Vishwakarma

Principal (NIIST,Bhopal)

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work presented in this project titled “A Case Study on Construction of 3-Row Hume pipe Culvert on Dhobakhedi to Dhaniyakhedi ,Block-Sanchi ,Distt -Raisen , M.P.” submitted towards completion of minor-project in Seventh Semester of B.Tech (CIVIL ENGINEERING) at the NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal is authenticate work and had not been submitted to any University or Institute for any award

Place: Bhopal

Date: 5/11/2014

NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01) JAI YADAV (0115CE111023) S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058) ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039)

ABHAY P S YADAV (0115CE111002)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We placed on record and warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement, invaluable supervision, Prof. Sandeep K Shrivastava Department of Civil Engineering, NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal in bringing this report to a success full completion.

We are greatfull to Mr.J.P. Nanda , HOD of Civil Engineering Department, for permitting us to make use of the facilities available in the department to carry out the project successfully. Last but not the least we express our since thanks to all of our friends who have patiently extended all sorts of help for accomplishing this under taking.

Finally we extend our gratefulness to one and all who are directly or indirectly involved in the success full completion of the project work.

NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01) JAI YADAV (0115CE111023) S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058) ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039) ABHAY P S YADAV (0115CE111002)

INDEX

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION

CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE BASED ON STREAM WIDTH

TYPES OF CULVERT

CULVERT DESIGN ITEMS

CULVERTS DESIGNING STEP

TECHNICAL REPORT

DRAWING OF THREE ROW HP CULVERT

ESTIMATION & COSTING

CONCLUSION

3-Row 1-Meter Dia Hume Pipe Culvert

INTRODUCTION CULVERT : Culverts are structures used to convey runoff from one side of the road to another and are usually covered with embankment and composed of structural material around the entire perimeter, although some are supported on spread footings with the streambed serving as the bottom of the culvert. For economy and hydraulic efficiency, culvert should be designed to operate with the inlet submerged during the flood flows , if conditions permit. Cross-drain are those culverts and pipes that are used to convey runoff from one side of highway to another

ESTIMATION: For all engineering works it is required to know beforehand the probable cost of construction know as the estimated cost. If the estimated cost is grater then the money available, then attempts are made to reduced the cost by reducing the work or changing the specification. From this the importance of estimate for engineers may be understood. In preparing in estimate, the quantities of different items of work are calculated by simple mensuration method and from these quantities the cost is calculated. The subject of estimating is simple, nothing much to understand, but knowledge of drawing is essential. One who understand and can read drawing may find out the dimension- length, breath, & height etc. In preparing an estimate one has to go in to details of each items, big or small, nothing can be left or missed. Accuracy in estimate is very important, if estimate is exceeded is becomes a very difficult problem for engineers to explain to account for and arrange for the additional money. Inaccuracy in preparing estimate, omission of items, change in designs improper rates etc.

DEFINITION Backwater : Constriction of flow causes a rise in the normal water surface elevation upstream of the constriction. The magnitude of the rise, in feet, is called backwater.

Barrel control: Barrel control for culvert hydraulics exists when the rise of headwater at the culvert inlet is greater than the rise from inlet or outlet control. This rise in headwater from barrel control can be a combination of barrel roughness, length, and restriction. Barrel control is rarely the control of headwater. Since the head loss due to roughness in the barrel is normally not as great as inlet head loss, the effect of barrel roughness is included as part of outlet control. Critical depth :Critical depth can best be illustrated as the depth of water at the culvert outlet under outlet control at which water flows are not influenced by backwater forces. Critical depth is the depth at which specific energy of a given flow rate is at a minimum. For a given discharge and cross-section geometry, there is only one critical depth

Energy grade line : The energy grade line represents the total energy at any point along the culvert barrel.

Free outlets : Free outlets are outlets with a tailwater equal to or lower than critical depth. For culverts having free outlets, lowering of the tailwater has no effect on the discharge or the backwater profile upstream of the tailwater.

Headwater : The vertical distance from the culvert invert (flow line) at the culvert entrance to the water surface elevation of the upstream channel.

Hydraulic grade line : The hydraulic grade line is the depth to which water would rise invertical tubes connected to the sides of a culvert barrel. In a full flow, the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line are parallel lines separated by the velocity head, except at the inlet and the outlet.

Improved inlets : Flared, improved, or tapered inlets indicate a special entrance condition that decreases the amount of energy needed to pass the flow through the inlet and, thus increases the capacity of culverts at the inlet.Inlet control : With inlet control, the cross-sectional area of the culvert barrel, inlet geometry, and the amount of headwater or ponding at the entrance are the controlling design factors.

Invert : Invert refers to the inside bottom of the culvert.

Normal flow : Normal flow occurs in the channel reach when the discharge, velocity, and depth of flow do not change throughout the reach. The water surface profile and channel bottom slope will be parallel. This type of flow will be approximated in a culvert operating on a steep slope, provided the culvert is sufficiently long.

Outlet control : Outlet control involves the additional considerations over inlet control of the elevation of the tailwater, slope, roughness, and length of the culvert.

Steep and mild slope:A steep-slope culvert operation is where the computed critical depth is greater than the computed uniform depth. A mild-slope culvert operation is where critical depth is less than uniform.

Submerged inlets : Submerged inlets are those inlets having a headwater greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the culvert or barrel height.

Submerged outlets : Partially submerged outlets are outlets with tailwater that is higher than critical depth and lower than the height of the culvert. Submerged outlets are outlets having tailwater elevation higher that the soffit (crown) of the culvert.

Tailwater :The water depth from the culvert invert at the outlet to the water surface in the outlet swale or channel.

Uniform flow : Uniform flow is flow in a prismatic channel of constant cross-section having a constant discharge, velocity, and depth of flow throughout the reach. This type of flow will exist in a culvert operating on a steep slope, provided the culvert is sufficiently long.

Classification of Bridge Based on Stream Width

• If Stream width is upto 10meter => Culvert

• If Stream width is upto 10-30meter => Minor Bridge

• If Stream Width is above 30meter => Major Bridge

Types of culvert

• Hume Pipe Culvert

• Box Culvert

• Arch Culvert

• Slab Culvert

# Hume Pipe Culvert

Hume Pipe Culverts provide low clearance, openings suitable for large waterways, and are more aesthetic. They may also provide a greater hydraulic advantage to fishes at low flows and require less road fill.

# Box Culvert

Box culverts are used to transmit water during brief runoff periods. These are usually used by wildlife because they remain dry most of the year. They can have an artificial floor such as concrete. Box culverts generally provide more room for wildlife passage than large pipe culverts. Box culverts are usually made up of Reinforced Concrete (RCC

# Arch Culvert

A pipe arch culvert is a round culvert reshaped to allow a lower profile while maintaining flow characteristics. It is good for installations with shallow cover.

Materials used for arch culverts are RCC, Corrugated Metal or Stone Masonry.

# Slab Culvert

Slab culvert are used where the total load acting on it very large. In this case a slab culvert is used. It has a very large load carrying capacity as compared to pipe and box culvert

Culvert Design Items

The following should be considered for all culvert designs where applicable:

1. Engineering aspects a. flood frequency b. velocity limitations c. buoyancy protection

2. Site criteria a. length and slope b. debris and siltation control c. culvert barrel bends d. ice buildup

3. Design limitations a. headwater limitations(see Section 2A-1) b. tailwater conditions c. storage –temporary or permanent

4. Design options a. culvert inlets b. inlets with headwalls c. wingwalls and aprons d. improved inlets e. material selection f. culvert skews g. culvert sizes and shapes h. twin pipe separations (vertical and horizontal) i. culvert clearances

5. Related designsa. weep holesb. outlet protectionc. erosion and sediment controld. environmental considerations

e. facewall

Culvert Designing Step

1. Determine the Horizontal Distance

2. Determine the Required Pipe Size

3. Determine the Energy Loss Gradient

•With the full pipe flow impending, theenergy loss gradient can be estimated bythe Manning equation for open-channel flow

4. Determine the Critical Slope

•For critical flow, the Froude number is equal to unity:

•

For circular pipes, the following definitions apply:

D5. Determine the Minimum Upstream Pipe Slope

6. Determine the Downstream Pipe Slope

7. Determine the Pipe Lengths

8. Specify Inlet and Outlet Types

9. Specify Collar Placement and Size

TECHNICAL REPORT of a CaseStudy on A Construction of Hume Pipe Culvert

1 Name of Work :- A Case Study on C D Works on Gravel Road Dhoba Khedi To Dhaniya Khedi

2 Village :- Dhobakhedi

3 Gram Panchayat :- Chirholi 2

4 Janpad Panchayat :- Sanchi

5 Estimate Cost :- 6.10 Lakh

6 Technical Sanction :- E.E.R.E.S Raisen

9 Administration Sanction :- Collector Raisen

10 Specification :- As per Estimate

11 Provision :- Three Row Hose Pipe Culvert

12 Rate :- Government of MP Panchayat & Rural Development RES SOR inforce From 12April2014

Drawing of Three Row HP Culvert

ESTIMATION & COSTING

Detailed Estimation : Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate and consists of working out the quantities of each item of works, and working the cost. The dimensions, length, breadth and height of each item are taken out correctly from drawing and quantities of each item are calculated, and abstracting and billing are done.

The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages:

Details of measurement and calculation of quantities.

The details of measurements of each item of work are taken out correctly from plan and drawing and quantities under each item are calculated in a tabular form named as details of measurement form.

Abstract of estimated cost:

The cost of each item of work is calculated in a tabular form the quantities already computed and total cost is worked out in abstract estimate form. The rates of different items of work are taken as per schedule of rates or current workable rates for finished item of work.

.

CONCLUSION

• Use culverts as wide as stream width• Use same gradient as stream channel• Use same alignment as stream channel• Single large culvert is better for debris

passage than several small ones• Flared ends improve efficiency