modelling pm in europe - dmu€¦ · modelling pm in europe ... aerosol dry deposition in-cloud...

University of AveiroUniversity of Aveiro

Modelling PM in Europe

A. I. Miranda, C. Borrego and J. Ferreira

Department of Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro

PORTUGAL

Brussels November 2004

COST ACTION 633COST ACTION 633

Particulate Matter: Properties Related to Health EffectsParticulate Matter: Properties Related to Health Effects


Air Quality Models to...

... simulate the � transport� chemical transformation� deposition of air pollutants

... more recently formation of secondary particles from gaseous precursors and particles

dynamics


What kind of models?

According to mathematical approach� analytical models (gaussian type models)� statistical models (diagnostic models)� numerical models (prognostic models: eulerian, lagrangean).

According to air pollution problem� spatial scale: global, regional, mesoscale, urban, local, microscale� temporal scale: short-term, seasonal, long-term� chemical reactions: passive dispersion, photochemical, ...

There are different models for different applications !!!

As much complex is the model better results couldprovide, however more resources are needed!!!

but computer capacity and experts are also important

University of AveiroUniversity of AveiroWhat are the model inputs and outputs?

INPUTSMeteorology

Topography and LanduseEmissions

...

AIRQUALITYMODEL

AIR QUALITY

Air Pollutants Concentrations

EFFECTSHuman healthBuildings, Biota, Climate


Regional Models � some examples

� Danish Eulerian Model DEMhttp://www.dmu.dk/AtmosphericEnvironment/DEM

� European Air Pollution Dispersion EURAD/FFAhttp://www.eurad.uni-koeln.de

� European Operational Smog EUROS

� Long Term Ozone Simulation LOTOS

� Multi-scale Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry MATCHhttp://www.smhi.se/sgn0106/if/meteorologi/match.htm

� REM3/CALGRID, Regional Eulerian Model + California

Grid Model


Regional scale models

Primary organiccompound

SOA formation

Sub-grid depositioncorrection

Heterogeneous chemistry� N2O5 treatment

Aerosol dry deposition

In-cloud conversion

Size distribution

Aerosol Module

REM3CALGRID

MATCHLOTOSEUROSEURADDEM


Regional Models - EURAD


Some Results - EURAD


Some Results � REM3/CALGRID


From regional to urban


Some Results � REM3/CALGRID


Urban scale � CITY DELTA

MAIN SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES:

� What is the influence of local versus regionalemission (reductions) on health-relevantmetrics for fine particles (PM10, PM2.5) andozone in urban air?

� How are predictions derived from regionalmodels (e.g. with a spatial resolution of 50*50km) different from predictions obtained withfiner resolved models?

� What is the range of agreement betweendifferent scale dispersion models on the level ofresponses to emission changes?

http://rea.ei.jrc.it/netshare/thunis/citydelta/


Urban scale � CITY DELTA

http://rea.ei.jrc.it/netshare/thunis/citydelta/

Berlin Copenhagen Katowice London Milan Paris Prague

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

5km

10km

50km

THOR P P P P P P P P P P P P

REM3 P - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

MCCM P - P - - - P - P - - - - - - - - - - - -

CHIMERE

P - P - - - - P - P P - P P - P -

OFIS P - - P P P P

EMEP - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P

LOTOS

- - - - - - - - - - - - P P P - - -


MEMO results � PM

08h

PM10(µg.m-3)

10h

PM10(µg.m-3)

12h

PM10(µg.m-3)

15h

PM10(µg.m-3)

18h

PM10(µg.m-3)

20h

PM10(µg.m-3)

22h

PM10(µg.m-3)

Applications � Mesoscale


Applications � Regional Scale

MEMO results and validation� PM

LOURES

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

hour

PM10

( µg.

m-3

)

Observed Simulated

ENTRECAMPOS

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

hourPM

10( µ

g.m

-3)

Observed Simulated

REBOLEIRA

0

20

4060

80

100

120

140160

180

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

hour

CO( µ

g.m

-3)

Observed Simulated


define the boundaryconditions for the local scaleapplication

mesoscalemesoscalemodelmodel

CFD model application used forthe estimation of hourly PM10concentrations in indoormicroenvironments

CFD modelCFD modelpopulationpopulation

exposure modelexposure model

From urban to local scale


1000 m

1000

m

EntrecamposAir Quality Station

Local scale modelling

VADISVADISCFD model developed at the University of Aveiro

Simulation domain

! 1000m x 1000m x 60m in Lisbon city centre

! resolution 5m x 5m x 3m

! 29 buildings with an average height of 12 m

! 8 main roads


Results and Discussionmesoscale modelling

PM10 concentrations reacha maximum of 160 µg.m-3

MEMOMEMO-PM -PM resultsresults – – Wind Wind and PM10 concentration fields at 9:00

2828thth of February 2000 of February 20009:009:00


Results and Discussionlocal scale modelling

PM10 concentration values insidethe domain are above the daily limitvalue of 50 µg.m-3

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

West/East (m)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Sou

th/N

orth

(m

)

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 10000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

PM10[µg.m-3]

VADIS results - VADIS results - WindWind and PM10 concentration fields at 9:00 and PM10 concentration fields at 9:00

2828thth of February 2000 of February 20009:009:00

Entrecampos air quality station

Road network


! highest values of APEI50 found in schools and faculties

! high APEI50 values in some office buildings in the vicinity of roads

Results and Discussionpopulation exposure modelling

APEI50 field for 9:00 with microenvironments distribution


SEMI-EMPIRICIAL MODELS(based on PM measurements)


Future work

Continue the review on PM modelling in Europe

Understand the needed data

... ???

modelling pm in europe - dmu€¦ · modelling pm in europe ... aerosol dry deposition in-cloud...

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