Moving to the Web: Moving to the Web: How to Prepare for How to Prepare for

the Switchthe SwitchAri KaplanAri Kaplan

Independent Consultant, www.arikaplan.comIndependent Consultant, www.arikaplan.com

IOUG 2000 - Anaheim, CAIOUG 2000 - Anaheim, CA

Topic OverviewArchitecture:

Scaleable, Reliable, Recoverable

Hardware Component Overview

Maintaining a 24x7 Database:

Three Backup Methods

Automated Standby with Advanced

Replication

Parallel Server

ALTER SYSTEM

Additional Oracle8i Features for the Internet

Topic OverviewTechnology Options:

WebDB / NCA / PL/SQL + HTML

Ecommerce

Internet Terminology

Oracle Terminology

Management:

Personnel Issues

How to Send E-mail and PagesAutomatically in UNIX

Other Issues

Scaleable, Reliable, RecoverableScaleable, Reliable, Recoverable Scalability:

–Hardware–Software–Modular Design

Reliability:

–Minimize Downtime–Performance Goals

Recoverability:

–Test Database Backups–Code and Content Recoverability

Hardware Component OverviewHardware Component Overview

Proxy Server

Database Servers

Disk Arrays

Backup Devices

Application Servers

LAN/WAN

Web Servers

Firewall

Web Users Telnet Users

Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Three Backup MethodsThree Backup Methods

Method 1: Cold Backup Definition Archivelog Mode / Point-in-Time Shutting Down the Database

Issues

Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Three Backup MethodsThree Backup Methods

Method 2: Hot Backup Definition CommandsALTER TABLESPACEALTER TABLESPACE INDEX_TS INDEX_TS BEGIN BACKUPBEGIN BACKUP;;

ALTER TABLESPACEALTER TABLESPACE INDEX_TS INDEX_TS END BACKUPEND BACKUP;;

ALTER DATABASE SWITCH LOGFILEALTER DATABASE SWITCH LOGFILE;;

Redo Activity / Performance

Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Three Backup MethodsThree Backup Methods

Method 3: Export (logical backup)++ Recover individual tables Recover individual tables

Example: if a user accidentally drops the CUSTOMER table in the database:Example: if a user accidentally drops the CUSTOMER table in the database:

Without Export:Without Export:

Recover the database to the point-in-time before the CUSTOMER table was dropped.Recover the database to the point-in-time before the CUSTOMER table was dropped.

1) Determine when the table was dropped.1) Determine when the table was dropped.

2) Recover the entire database or tablespace from your hot/cold backup and apply redo logs until 2) Recover the entire database or tablespace from your hot/cold backup and apply redo logs until just before the time of the DROP command.just before the time of the DROP command.

3) If you dependent data in other tables, bring those tables to the same point-in-time consistency.3) If you dependent data in other tables, bring those tables to the same point-in-time consistency.

With Export:With Export:

Use the import facility to recreate the table. It would contain data up to the point that the export was Use the import facility to recreate the table. It would contain data up to the point that the export was made. This is an easy method that is straightforward and would not bring the entire tablespace made. This is an easy method that is straightforward and would not bring the entire tablespace (or database) to the same point-in-time.(or database) to the same point-in-time.

Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Maintaining a 24x7 Database:Three Backup MethodsThree Backup Methods

Method 3: Export (logical backup)++ Recover individual tables Recover individual tables

++ Can generate DDL commands Can generate DDL commands

++ Can recreate just indexes, triggers, grants, etc. (no data) Can recreate just indexes, triggers, grants, etc. (no data)

++ Can copy tables among schemas, and users Can copy tables among schemas, and users

++ Can be used to migrate database among operating systems Can be used to migrate database among operating systems

-- Cannot recover the database or tablespace to a point-in- Cannot recover the database or tablespace to a point-in-timetime

-- “Incremental” exports inefficient (the full 100 million record “Incremental” exports inefficient (the full 100 million record

table is exported if just 1 record has changed.)table is exported if just 1 record has changed.)

Automated Standby Databases Automated Standby Databases with Advanced Replicationwith Advanced Replication

Automated Standby - why? How does it work?

– ““ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY” to get ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY” to get the standby database into the standby database into Standby Standby mode.mode.

– Sending of redo logsSending of redo logs When does it not work?

Automated Standby Databases Automated Standby Databases with Advanced Replicationwith Advanced Replication

Advanced Replication: what is it?– Normal Replication: snapshots– Multimaster Replication

Downsides to Advanced Replication:– Scalability– Primary Key definitions

Oracle Parallel ServerOracle Parallel Server

OPS (Oracle Parallel Server):

SERVER B 4 CPUs Instance B

SERVER A 4 CPUs Instance A

Shared / Networked Datafile Disks

Oracle Parallel ServerOracle Parallel Server Downsides:Downsides:

– Hardware costsHardware costs

– Update Overhead: IDLMUpdate Overhead: IDLM

– INIT.ORA setupINIT.ORA setup

– Rollback SegmentsRollback Segments

– BackupsBackups

Oracle8i improvements:Oracle8i improvements:

– Cache FusionCache Fusion

ALTER SYSTEMALTER SYSTEM

ALTER SYSTEM SET max_dump_file_size = max_dump_file_size = 100000;100000;

Oracle8i updates for this command Change the initSID.ora file

The ALTER SYSTEM command can improve uptime

SELECTSELECT NAME, VALUE NAME, VALUEFROMFROM v$parameter v$parameter

WHEREWHERE issys_modifiable IN issys_modifiable IN (’DEFERRED’, ‘IMMEDIATE’);(’DEFERRED’, ‘IMMEDIATE’);

ALTER SYSTEMALTER SYSTEMSELECTSELECT NAME, VALUE NAME, VALUEFROMFROM v$parameter v$parameter

WHEREWHERE issys_modifiable IN (’DEFERRED’, ‘IMMEDIATE’); issys_modifiable IN (’DEFERRED’, ‘IMMEDIATE’);

NAMENAME VALUEVALUE ISSYS_MODISSYS_MOD

timed_statisticstimed_statistics FALSEFALSE IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE

log_checkpoint_intervallog_checkpoint_interval 50000005000000 IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE

log_checkpoint_timeoutlog_checkpoint_timeout 2160021600 IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE

object_cache_optimal_sizeobject_cache_optimal_size 102400102400 DEFERREDDEFERRED

background_dump_destbackground_dump_dest /u02/oracle/PHIS/bdump/u02/oracle/PHIS/bdump IMMEDIATEIMMEDIATE

sort_area_sizesort_area_size 50960005096000 DEFERREDDEFERRED

Additional Oracle8i Features for Additional Oracle8i Features for the Internetthe Internet

Oracle8i brings many new features that greatly improve the performance Oracle8i brings many new features that greatly improve the performance and uptime of an Internet-based database.and uptime of an Internet-based database.

The export and import facilities now can remember cost-based optimizer The export and import facilities now can remember cost-based optimizer statistics so that you do not need to regenerate them after an import.statistics so that you do not need to regenerate them after an import.

Online Index Rebuild (improves the 24x7 uptime) Online Index Rebuild (improves the 24x7 uptime)

ALTER TABLE DROP column_name;ALTER TABLE DROP column_name;

Fast Start RecoveryFast Start Recovery

Log Miner toolLog Miner tool

Statistics: ANALYZE TABLE in parallelStatistics: ANALYZE TABLE in parallel

Mentioned elsewhere:Mentioned elsewhere:

Multiple Archivelog DestinationsMultiple Archivelog Destinations

Expanded “ALTER SYSTEM” Initialization Parameter ChangesExpanded “ALTER SYSTEM” Initialization Parameter Changes

Automated Standby DatabaseAutomated Standby Database

Advanced ReplicationAdvanced Replication

Cache Fusion for Oracle Parallel ServerCache Fusion for Oracle Parallel Server

Technology Options: WebDBTechnology Options: WebDB

Administration Screen

Browse

Build

SitesBuild and monitor a web page wholly

independent of a database

Monitor end user and database activity

Browse database by schema, object_type, or name

Monitor

Administer

Build user interface components and database objects

Administer privileges and listener settings

Technology Options: WebDBTechnology Options: WebDB

Sample Query Screen (from Oracle Demo)

Technology OptionsTechnology Options: : PL/SQL PL/SQL Interfacing with HTMLInterfacing with HTML

UTL_HTTPUTL_HTTP package retrieves data from Web package retrieves data from Web servers through HTTP.servers through HTTP.

UTL_HTTP.REQUESTUTL_HTTP.REQUEST: receives the first 4000 : receives the first 4000 bytes of data from a URLbytes of data from a URL

UTL_HTTP.REQUEST_PIECESUTL_HTTP.REQUEST_PIECES: receives a : receives a table of 4000-byte pieces of data from a table of 4000-byte pieces of data from a URL.URL.

The The UTL_HTTP UTL_HTTP package is created by package is created by $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlhttp.sql$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlhttp.sql

Technology Options: Technology Options: ECommerce

B-to-C B-to-B EDI Some Web Sites:

–www.ecash.comwww.ecash.com–www.microsoft.comwww.microsoft.com–www.cybercharge.comwww.cybercharge.com–www.cybercheck.comwww.cybercheck.com–www.ecommerce.comwww.ecommerce.com

Technology Options: Technology Options: Internet Internet TerminologyTerminology

XML: eXtensible Markup Language JAVA: Cross-Platform / JDBC / SQLJ CORBA: CCommon ommon OObject bject RRequest equest BBroker roker

AArchitecturerchitecture ASP: Active Server Page Can be written in VBScript, Jscript, and ActiveX Can be written in VBScript, Jscript, and ActiveX

Data Objects (ADO)Data Objects (ADO)

Technology Options: Oracle Technology Options: Oracle TerminologyTerminology

NC: Network ComputerNCA: Network Computing

Architecture

iFS: internet File System

Management: Personnel IssuesManagement: Personnel Issues

Staff Skills IssuesStaff Skills Issues Full-time vs. ConsultantsFull-time vs. Consultants Staff Support IssuesStaff Support Issues

Management: How to Send E-mail and Management: How to Send E-mail and Pages Automatically in UNIXPages Automatically in UNIX

echo "echo "Subject: Database $ORACLE_SID is down on $HOSTNAME at Subject: Database $ORACLE_SID is down on $HOSTNAME at `date`"`date`" > $EMAIL_FILE > $EMAIL_FILEecho "echo "== db_main.sh: Sending an e-mail that database is == db_main.sh: Sending an e-mail that database is down!down!" >> $EMAIL_FILE" >> $EMAIL_FILEcat $EMAIL_FILE | mail akaplan@interaccess.com cat $EMAIL_FILE | mail akaplan@interaccess.com jeff@host.com fred@host.comjeff@host.com fred@host.comrm $EMAIL_FILErm $EMAIL_FILEecho "echo "== db_mail.sh: E-mail sent== db_mail.sh: E-mail sent""

You should be sure that a mail messaging system

is installed. (“Sendmail”)

Management: How to Send E-mail and Management: How to Send E-mail and Pages Automatically in UNIXPages Automatically in UNIX

You can also send an email using Oracle Applications, by using “Alert Manager”

Use a third-party company:Use a third-party company:

httphttp://://wwwwww..notepagernotepager.net/.net/webgatewebgate..htmhtm

httphttp://://wwwwww..sharpcom.com/pageme/index.htmsharpcom.com/pageme/index.htm

http://www.beepit.comhttp://www.beepit.com

Send pages to groupsSend pages to groups

Automated scripts / alert_log checkAutomated scripts / alert_log check

Management: Register the NameManagement: Register the Name What’s a domain / URL?What’s a domain / URL?

Steps:Steps:

1)1) Check if the name exists Check if the name exists

2)2) Purchase the name: Purchase the name:

www.networksolutions.comwww.networksolutions.com

www.mydomain.comwww.mydomain.com

Cost: roughly $75 for purchase, $35 for annual upkeep.Cost: roughly $75 for purchase, $35 for annual upkeep.

3)3) Check “.com”, “.net”, and “.edu” domains Check “.com”, “.net”, and “.edu” domains

4)4) Add “*sucks” and register those domains as well. For Add “*sucks” and register those domains as well. For example, example, wwwwww..microsoftsucksmicrosoftsucks..comcom

Management: Vendor SupportManagement: Vendor Support

Vendor SupportVendor Support Ensure supply chain and responsivenessEnsure supply chain and responsiveness

24 X 7 Support24 X 7 Support Keep CSI numbers Keep CSI numbers

Have DBAs share TARsHave DBAs share TARs

Where to Now?Where to Now? There are many discussion Newsgroups on the internet for you to give There are many discussion Newsgroups on the internet for you to give

questions and get answers:questions and get answers:

comp.databases.oracle.servercomp.databases.oracle.server

comp.databases.oracle.toolscomp.databases.oracle.tools

comp.databases.oracle.misccomp.databases.oracle.misc

These can be accessed through a newsgroup program or “These can be accessed through a newsgroup program or “www.deja.comwww.deja.com””

Ari’s free Oracle Tips web page at:Ari’s free Oracle Tips web page at:

There are over 360 tips and answers to questions that have been posed to There are over 360 tips and answers to questions that have been posed to me over the years. This paper will be downloadable from the web page as me over the years. This paper will be downloadable from the web page as well.well.

Other good sites with links: Other good sites with links: www.orafaq.org, www.orafans.com, www.orafaq.org, www.orafans.com, www.ioug.org, www.orasearch.com, www.revealnet.com, www.ioug.org, www.orasearch.com, www.revealnet.com, www.lazydba.com, www.dbdomain.comwww.lazydba.com, www.dbdomain.com