Mr. AltorferMr. AltorferScienceScience

Types of InteractionsTypes of Interactions(Relationships)(Relationships)Section 18.3Section 18.3

Pages 490 to 497Pages 490 to 497

Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors

Why can’t I put more than one gallon of milk into this container?

What factor limits how much milk I can put into this container?

Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors

Why don’t populations grow without Why don’t populations grow without stopping?stopping?

Limiting factors prevent populations Limiting factors prevent populations from getting too big!from getting too big!

Limiting Factors:Limiting Factors: A resource that A resource that is so scarce (rare) that it limits the is so scarce (rare) that it limits the size of a population.size of a population.– Examples: Examples: food, water, light, food, water, light, living spaceliving space

What are some of the limiting factors in the desert?

What are

limiting factors in the

jungle?

What are limiting factors in a cave?

What about a limiting factor here?

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

Could this guy possible carry any more?

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

Carrying Capacity-Carrying Capacity- The largest The largest populationpopulation that an environment can that an environment can support at any given time. support at any given time.

CompetitionCompetition

What are these two men competing for?

CompetitionCompetition

Competition-Competition- When two or more When two or more individuals or populations try to use individuals or populations try to use the same the same resourceresource..

– Examples: Examples: water, food, shelter, space, water, food, shelter, space, sunlightsunlight

Predator and PreyPredator and Prey

Who eats who?Who eats who? Prey-Prey- An organism that is killed and An organism that is killed and

eaten by another organism.eaten by another organism. Predator- Predator- The organism that eats The organism that eats

the prey.the prey.

Which animal is the predator? Which animal is the prey?

I can out run this dude!

Hey, slow down! I

just want to talk.

Predator and PreyPredator and Prey

Predator Adaptations-Predator Adaptations- Characteristics that help predators Characteristics that help predators capture their prey.capture their prey.

– Examples: speed, sharp teeth, Examples: speed, sharp teeth, camouflage camouflage

What are the adaptations that these animals have that make them better at catching their prey?

Predator and PreyPredator and Prey

Prey Adaptations-Prey Adaptations- Characteristics Characteristics that help prevent them from being that help prevent them from being eaten. eaten.

Prey AdaptationsPrey Adaptations

– Camouflage:Camouflage: Coloration pattern that Coloration pattern that helps them blend in with their helps them blend in with their surroundings. surroundings.

Example: Example: Walking StickWalking Stick

Prey AdaptationsPrey Adaptations

Defensive Chemicals:Defensive Chemicals: Release a Release a harmful/deadly chemical.harmful/deadly chemical.

Example: Example: Poison Arrow FrogPoison Arrow Frog

Prey AdaptationsPrey Adaptations

Warning Coloration-Warning Coloration- Bright colors Bright colors and patterns let predators know that and patterns let predators know that the prey is poisonous.the prey is poisonous.– Examples:Examples:

SymbiosisSymbiosis

Symbiosis-Symbiosis- A close, long-term A close, long-term association between two or more association between two or more species. The individuals in a species. The individuals in a symbiotic relationship can symbiotic relationship can benefitbenefit, be , be harmedharmed, or be , or be unaffectedunaffected by the by the relationship.relationship.

The Three Types of SymbiosisThe Three Types of Symbiosis

1) 1) Mutualism:Mutualism: A A relationship in relationship in which both species which both species benefitbenefit..

– Example: Clown Example: Clown Fish and Sea Fish and Sea AnemonesAnemones

The Three Types of SymbiosisThe Three Types of Symbiosis

2) 2) CommensalismCommensalism:: A relationship in A relationship in which one organism which one organism benefitsbenefits and the and the other is unaffected.other is unaffected.– Example: Cattle Egret and cattle. Example: Cattle Egret and cattle.

The Three Types of SymbiosisThe Three Types of Symbiosis

Parasitism- Parasitism- A relationship in which A relationship in which one species, the one species, the parasiteparasite, benefits , benefits and the other, the and the other, the hosthost is harmed. is harmed.– Example: Mosquitoes and people. Example: Mosquitoes and people.