ms. mitchell cultural revolutions andover high school islam

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MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

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Page 1: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

MS. MITCHELLCULTURAL REVOLUTIONSANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL

Islam

Page 2: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

JOURNAL PROMPT: WHAT DO YOU ALREADY KNOW, OR THINK YOU KNOW, AB OUT ISLAM?

(SOME IDEAS TO GET YOU STARTED: WHAT DEPICTIONS HAVE YOU SEEN IN THE MEDIA , WHAT HAVE YOU HEARD IN THE NEWS, ETC. )

PLEASE WRITE AS HONESTLY AS POSSIBLE , THIS WILL NOT BE GRADED BUT WILL BE

COLLECTED.

ISLAM

Page 3: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam
Page 4: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

What is it?

Islam is a major world religion with approx. 1.3 billion followers

Islam is one of the world’s fastest growing religions

It originated in (Saudi) Arabia, in the city of Mecca

No central religious governing body

Page 5: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Islam, continued

Islam is Arabic for “submission, surrender,

obedience”

Followers of Islam are called Muslims

Muslim is Arabic for “those who submit to

God”

In order to be considered Muslim one must

practice complete submission to God

Page 6: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Qur’an

Qur’an = Koran.The Qur’an is the holy text

of Islam. It is a rule book.Qur’an is Arabic for

“recitation”It is meant to be read out

loud, and in reading it out loud, one is communing with God

Muslims believe it to be the direct message of God, as given to the prophet Muhammad.

Page 7: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Qur’an, continued

No chronology, more stream of consciousness in style

114 chapters, or, surasContains many stories that are known in

Christianity and JudaismEveryone’s interpretation of the Qur’an is their ownTherefore, there are thousands of different

interpretations of the Qur’an—ranging from very peaceful, to very violent

Muhammad’s teachings were about equality, empowering women and the poor

Page 8: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Muhammad

Muhammad is the only prophet of IslamBorn in MeccaAgainst the Islamic faith to show or create a visual

depiction of the prophetFelt disturbed by the inequalities paganism brought

about and often went to meditate in a caveOne day, while meditating, Muhammad heard from GodOver the next several decades Muhammad would

continue to commune with God and spread his wordThis was all done orally. No written version of the

Qur’an existed until about 20 years after Muhammad’s death.

Page 9: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Universality

Muslims claim that Islam is a universal

religion, not handed down to a specific

people, at a specific time, but to all people for

all times.

However, verses of the Qur’an are very

specific to the Arab people at that time Ex) The visions of heaven and hell in the Qur’an

appeal to a the needs and desires of a desert people

Page 10: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

1. BELIEF IN THE ONENESS OF GOD2. BELIEF IN GOD’S ANGELS

3. FAITH IN THE BOOK OF GOD4. FAITH IN GOD’S PROPHETS

5. BELIEF IN LIFE AFTER DEATH

Articles of Islamic Faith

Page 11: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

1. Belief in the Oneness of God

I. Belief in the Oneness of God No other God but God “ilah” = One who is worshipped

Includes infinite powers Others depend on him, he is dependent on no one Unseen and imperceptible

Allah = personal name of the Muslims’ GodLa ilaha illallah = There is no ilah other than

the One Great Being known by the name Allah

Page 12: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Effects of Belief in the Oneness

One who believes… Can never be narrow minded. His mind is as liberal as the

kingdom of God Has the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem Is modest and humble Is virtuous and upright Does not become despondent or broken hearted under any

circumstances Has determination because he works for and trusts in God Is brave Is peaceful and content Observes and obeys God’s laws

Page 13: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

2. Belief in God’s Angels

God has angels and we must follow them

Almighty beings we can’t see = angels

We are told to believe, and therefore disbelief

= denial of God

Page 14: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

3. Faith in Books of God

There were books of God which came before

the Qur’an (Books of Abraham, Torah of

Moses, Psalms of David, and the Gospel of

Jesus Christ)

God’s original words have been corrupted in

these texts.

Qur’an is the last book. It is different from

the others.

Page 15: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Why the Qur’an is different

Exists in original form. Not translated.

Pure word of God

Evidence proved it was told directly to

Muhammad. Dates and times are known.

“Live” language. Not dead.

Universal in scope and audience.

Comprehensive moral guide.

Nothing obscene. Full of wisdom and truth.

Page 16: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

4. Faith in God’s Prophets

Implicit faith in God’s prophetsThere have been over 124,000 prophets over

the history of the EarthMuhammad is the one true prophetMuslims are required to believe in all

prophets specifically mentioned in the Qur’an even if they exists outside of Arab countries

Not allowed to speak ill of other religion’s holy men

Page 17: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Why is Muhammad the One True Prophet?

Sent for the whole world and for all times

Remaining scriptures from other prophets

have been corrupted. Only Muhammad’s

word is pure.

Other prophet’s words were amended by

successors. Muhammad has had no

successor.

Page 18: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

5. Belief in Life after Death

Resurrection after death

Day of Judgment in the Divine Court Everyone who has walked the Earth will be presented

before God and be given final judgment

Reward/Punishment

Paradise/Hell

Believing in this holds one responsible for his

actions and determines his course of life

Page 19: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

IBADATSALAT

FASTINGZAKATHAJJ

J IHAD

Prayer and Worship

Page 20: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Ibadat

Ibadat = acts of worship

Abd = submission

God is master, you are the servant

Islamic concept of worship is very wide

Acts of worship are the pillars upon which

Islam is founded

Page 21: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Salat

Daily prayer5 times a day, always

pointing in the direction of Mecca

Positions are positions of submission

Recitations show one’s commitment to the creator

Must cleanse before each salat

Symbol of equalityWhen possible, should be

done with others

Page 22: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Fasting & Zakat

Fasting during the month of Ramdan

From dawn to dusk, no food, no drink

Builds spiritualityEqualityCleanliness,

righteousness, purity

Zakat is charitable giving

Minimum of 2.5% of your net worth each year

Seeking to achieve a more balanced distribution of wealth

The more one gives, the better he looks in God’s eyes

Islam is the sworn enemy of selfishness and greed

Page 23: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Hajj

Hajj = Pilgrimage

One in a lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca for

Muslims who can afford it.

Those who cannot afford it are not faulted for

it.

Thoughts should be concentrated on God.

All words and actions during the pilgrimage

should be pure. No violence.

Page 24: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Jihad

Jihad = struggle

War waged in the name of God against those

who perpetrate oppression as enemies of

Islam

Countries must help one another

Muslims must help each other as a while

Page 25: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Divine Law

Page 26: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Divine Law

All the rules and regulations Muslims must follow

Determined by the Qur’an and the HadithHadith = collection of rules delivered by the

prophetEach version of Divine Law is delivered by

the prophet, for the specific people and time he preaches to.

Since Muhammad has no successor, we still follow his Divine Law

Page 27: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Principles of Divine Law

The Rights of God No other God but God Follow, worship, and obey him

The Rights of Self Forbids all which could injure a man’s physical, mental, or

moral being No drinking, no eating unclean blood (pork, beasts of prey,

poisonous animals) No nudity Work hard Sex in marriage Forbids suicide— “most outrageous and ridiculous

manifestation of man neglecting the rights of his self”

Page 28: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Principles of Divine Law

The Rights of Other Men Do not violate the rights of others No lying, no theft, bribery, forgery, cheating No gambling No murder No adultery, fornication, or “unnatural” sexual practices Rules regarding the family unit No mingling of the sexes Dress code

The Rights of All Creatures No hunting for sport Respect the land and God’s creatures

Page 29: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Sunni vs. Shia

Sunni 80% of Muslims Followed Muhammad’s

father-in-law & friend, Abu Bakr (elected)

Rely heavily on the practice of the Prophet and his teachings

Dominate political spheres

Human leaders with human strengths and weaknesses

Saudi Arabia, Qatar

Shia 20% of Muslims Followed the “direct

line” (son-in-law) of Muhammad, Ali (appointed)

See their ayatollahs as direct messengers of God

“12th imam” who will one day appear

Aware of their minority status

Iran, Syria, Lebanon

Page 30: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Islam Today

Page 31: MS. MITCHELL CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS ANDOVER HIGH SCHOOL Islam

Challenges and Presence

Globalization

Women’s Rights and Human Rights

Wars

Terrorism

Media Depictions