Mmsoflio istoria

Zveli aTenis fenomeni

Lleqtori: erekle astaxiSvili

studenti: Mmariam babuciZe, ana beriSvili, sadro leJava, daviT xuciSvili

TariRi: 13.11.2012

Sesavali

istoriografosebi perikles aTenuri demokratiis mamad aRiareben. im dros rodesac es

didebuli elini moRvaweobda, aTenis politikur cxovrebaSi ori ZiriTadi Zala monawileobda. erTi

miiCnevda, rom qveynis sworad marTva mxolod warCinebulebs SeuZliaT, radganac isini

SeZlebulnic arian, ganaTlebulnic da RirseulTa STamomavalnic. meore Zala demos eyrdnoboda

da qadagebda, rom sakuTari Tavis miukerZoebeli Semfasebeli Tavad xalxi iyo. jer kidev

berZen-sparselTa omebamde aTenSi klisTenesis saxeliT cnobili reformebi ganxorcielda( Zv. w.

510 w.) misi winadadebiT saxelmwifos mmarTveloba gadaeca moqalaqeTa Soris kenWisyriT

arCeul “xuTasTa sabWosa” da aT strategoss,romelTac saxalxo kreba irCevda. umaRles

xelisuflebas saxelmwifoSi ganagebda saxalxo sabWo, romelic yvela Tavisufal moqalaqes

aerTianebda. klisTenesis reformebma sabolood daasusta aTenSi didgvarovanTa upiratesoba da

daamyares demokratia anu xalxis mmarTveloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom “xalxis” cneba ar

gulisxmobda monebs, qalebsa da sxva saxelmwifoebSi mosaxle berZnebs. ase rom, es “xalxi”

mTeli mosaxleobis erT mervedze mets ar Seadgenda.

Pperiklesis demokratiuli aTeni

P perikle didgvarovanTa ojaxSi daibada. aRsaniSnavia,rom deda agariste im gvaris

STamomavali iyo, romelsac miekuTvneboda cnobili politikuri moRvawe klisTenesi, swored is,

vinc tirania daamxo, kanonebi daamkvidra da Seqmna saxelmwifo wyobileba, romelSic

saukeTesod iyo erTmaneTTan Sexamebuli Tanxmoba da keTildReoba.

A axalgzrdobisas perikles eSinoda ostrakismosis ( Zveli saberZneTis procedura, romlis

Tanaxmadac SeeZloT qveynidan aTi wlis vadiT gaZeveba, Tumca xdeboda qonebis

SenarCuneba.) rameTu warCinebulTA modgmis iyo da Tanac mdidari, misi megobrebi ki

saxemwifoSi yvelaze gavlenian xalxad iTvlebodnen. Garda amisa imasac ambobdnen, rom

periklesi hgavda aTenis Zvel gamgebels – tiran pisistratoss. Mmas amsgavsebdnen xmiTa da

laparakis maneriT.

gaZevebis SiSma aiZula periklesi Camoscileboda saxelmwifo saqmeebs. Mmagram igi

mravali laSqrobis monawile iyo da siqveliT da simamaciT gamoirCeoda.

Aaristidesi gardaicvala, Temistoklesi gaaZeves, xolo kimono mudam Soreul laSqrobebSi

imyofeboda. ramac gamoiwvia periklesis misda uneburad saxelmwifoebriv saqmianobaSi

CaTreba da igi maRal Tanamdebobaze airCIes.

Mmiuxedavad Tavisi didgvarovnebisa periklesi sicocxlis bolomde ibrZoda aTenis Rarib

moqalaqeTa uflebebisaTvis. Pperikles gaaCnda darwmunebis gamaognebeli niWi. erTxel spartis

mefem saxelovan moaspareze Tukididess hkiTxa, vis Tvlida ufro Zalmosilad – Tavis Tavs, Tu

perikless. Tukididesma ase miugo: “orTave beWiTac rom davce miwad periklesi, maSinac ki

daamtkicebs, rom me davmarcxdi da xalxic mas daujerebs.

Pperiklesis axalgazrdobisas demokratiis saTaveSi idga efialtesi, romelmac aristokratiis

sabWos CamoarTva uflebebi. Emtrebma efialtesi mokled da demokratiuli parties saTaveSi

darCa mxolod periklesi. aristokratTa Zliaeri warmomadgeneli iyo kimono, romlis sikvdilmac

daasusta didgvarovnebi, romlebmac aRar icodnen vin daepirispirebinaT periklesisaTvis.

Aristokratebi moqalaqeTa gadabirebas sxvadasxvgvari saCuqrebiTa da Raribebisadmi

daxmarebis gaweviT cdilobdnen.

sul sxvagvarad moqmedebdnen demokratebi, isini Tvlidnen, rom Raribebs iseTive

uflebebi unda hqonodaT, rogorc SeZlebul moqalaqeebs. marTalia, aTenSi simdidre ar

moeTxoveboda Tanamdebobis pirs, magram RArib kacs ar SeeZlo saxelmwifoebriv saqmeebSi

monawileobis miReba, radgan mTeli misi saxsrebi ojaxisTvis zrunavs xmardeboda. Periklesis

winadadebiT, saxelmwifoebrivi saqmianobisaTvis dawesda gasamrjelo. TAvdapirvelad saxalxo

samsjavros nafic msajulebs, Semdeg ki sxva Tanamdebobis pirebsac sazogadoebrivi

samsaxurisTvis eZleodaT sazRauri. Periklesma Raribi moqalaqeebis mdgomareobis

Sesamsubuqeblad sabCos SesTavaza, yovelwlirad zRvaze gaegzavnaT samoci trieri, romlis

ekipaJic eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi miiRebda safasurs. Axalgazrdebi unda dauflebodnen sazRvao

saqmes, romlis codnac omSi gamoadgebodaT, amas garda aTenis kavSirSi Semaval

saxelmwifoebSi unda daarsebuliyo aTenuri dasaxlebebi, sadac yovel aTenels SeeZlo mieRo

miwis nakveTi. amiT ori saqme keTdeboda: atikis farglebs gareT iqmneboda garnizonebi da

moqalaqeTa mdgomareoba msubuqdeboda.

aTenSi darCenil RaribTa gasarTobad, periklesi xSirad awyobda saerTo saxalxo

nadimebs, sazeimo svlebsa da Teatralur sanaxaobebs. sadResaswaulo dReebSi Raribebs fulsac ki

urigebdnen, raTa maTTvis warmodgenaze daswrebis saSualeba miecaT.

Pperiklesis sxva reformebi

Pperiklesma neba darTo yvelas, warmoSobisa da socialuri statusis miuxedavad

gamxdariyvnen magistratebi (archon, 9 მმაrTveli), Tumca man gaamkacra aTenis moqalaqeobis

miRebis wesebi, misi brZanebiT aTenis moqalaqeobas miiRebda mxolod is bavSvi, romlis orive

mSobeli aTeneli iyo. am dromde moqalaqeobis miRebisaTvis sakmarisi iyo mamis aTenuri

warmomavloba.

Pperiklesis ganmgeblobis wlebSi aTenis akropolisi arqiteqturisa da saxviTi xelovnebis

didebuli nimuSebiT Seimko.dasaqmdnen xuroTmoZRvrebi, moqandakeni da oqromCedelni da

a.S. Tukididesi da misi momxreebi gamudmebiT kicxavdnen periklesis aRmSeneblobiT

xarjebisaTvis. Ise gamwvavda brZola maT Soris, rom saxalxo sabWoze ostrakismosis sakiTxic

ki daisva. Pperiklesi safrTxeSi aRmoCnda, magram xalxis umravlesoba mas emxroboda da

Tukididesi gaaZeves. amiT dasrulda Sida brZolebi. winamZRolis gareSe darCenilma

aristokratebma yovelgvari gavlena dakarges saxalxo sabWoze. Perikles aRar hyavda

mowinaaRmdegeebi da xalxi yovelgvar saqmes: laSqars, flots, saxelmwifo xazinas mas

andobda.

peloponesis omis dros, rodesac spartelebma aTens alya Semoartyes, periklesma

aganizraxa droebiT ar Caetarebina saxalxo krebebi, raTa sasowakveTil xalxs arakeTilgonivruli

gadacyvetilebebi ar mieRoT

Ddaskva

Oormoci weli idga periklesi saxelmwifos saTaveSi. Tukididesis gaZevebis Semdeg misi

gavlena ise gaizarda, rom saxelmwifos marTvis saqmeSi sruli uflebamosilebiT sargeblobda.

xalxi TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi isrCevda mas strategosad. igi saxelmwifos

keTildReobisaTvis zrunavda, yurad ar iRebda calkeul moqalaqeTa axirebas, arc brbos survils.

Tu am brbos surda araswori gadawyvetilebis miReba. Cveulebriv misi ganmgebloba xalxis

mxardaWeras efuZneboda, Tumca isec xdeboda, rom igi xalxs TAvis nebaze iyoliebda, Tuki

saxelmwifosTvis sasargeblo saqme wydeboda.

swored am da sxva mizezebis gamo, periklesi iTvleboda demokratiis erT-erT mkafio

warmomadgenlad da dRevandelobasTan Sedarebis saSualeba TqvenTvis mogvindia.

gamoyenebuli literatura

nana tonia; strategosebi da keisrebi;2005w

http://ancienthistory.about.com

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