msucular system final lec

8/3/2019 Msucular System Final Lec

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The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

Specialized tissue that enable theSpecialized tissue that enable the

body and its parts to move.body and its parts to move.


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A nterior View A nterior View


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P osterior ViewP osterior View


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TRIVI A!TRIVI A!How many muscles are there in the human body?

A nswer: 640 MusclesThe muscles make up about 40 % of the body mass.

W hat is the longest muscle in the body?A nswer: The S artoriusThe S artorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and across to theinside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards.

W hat is the smallest muscle in the body?A nswer: The S tapediusThe S tapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner

than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.

W hat is the biggest muscle in the body?A nswer: The G luteus MaximusThe G luteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the legbackwards powerfully for walking and running.


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F unctions of the MusclesF unctions of the Muscles

MovementMovementMaintenance of posture and muscleMaintenance of posture and muscle

tonetoneHeat productionHeat productionP rotects the bones and internalP rotects the bones and internalorgans.organs.


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Muscle ClassificationMuscle Classification

F unctionallyF unctionallyVoluntarilyVoluntarily can be moved at willcan be moved at will

InvoluntarilyInvoluntarily cant be movedcant be movedintentionallyintentionally

StructurallyStructurallyStriatedStriated have stripes across the fiber have stripes across the fiber SmoothSmooth no striationsno striations


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T he 3 T ypes of MusclesT he 3 T ypes of Muscles

Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

3 Types of Muscles


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Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle

F ibers are thinF ibers are thinand spindleand spindle

shaped.shaped.No striationsNo striationsSingle nucleiSingle nuclei

InvoluntaryInvoluntaryContracts slowlyContracts slowly


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Smooth MuscleSmooth MuscleThey fatigue but very slowly They fatigue but very slowly Found in the circulatory systemFound in the circulatory system

Lining of the blood vesselsLining of the blood vesselsHelps in the circulation of the bloodHelps in the circulation of the blood

Found in the digestive systemFound in the digestive systemEsophagus, stomach, intestineEsophagus, stomach, intestineControls digestionControls digestion

Found in the respiratory systemFound in the respiratory systemControls breathingControls breathing

Found in the urinary systemFound in the urinary systemUrinary bladderUrinary bladderControls urinationControls urination


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Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

Cells are branchedCells are branchedand appear fusedand appear fusedwith one another with one another Has striationsHas striationsEach cell has aEach cell has acentral nucleicentral nuclei

InvoluntaryInvoluntary


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C ardiac MuscleC ardiac Muscle

Found ONLY in the heartFound ONLY in the heartC ontractions of the heart musclesC ontractions of the heart muscles

pump blood throughout the body andpump blood throughout the body andaccount for the heartbeat.account for the heartbeat.Healthy cardiac muscle NEVER fatiguesHealthy cardiac muscle NEVER fatigues

or elseor else


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Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

F ibers are long andF ibers are long andcylindricalcylindrical

Has many nucleiHas many nucleiHas striationsHas striations

Have alternatingHave alternatingdark and light bandsdark and light bands

VoluntaryVoluntary


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Sk eletal MuscleSk eletal Muscle

Attached to s k eleton by tendonsAttached to s k eleton by tendonsC auses movement of bones at theC auses movement of bones at the

joints. joints.And yes they do fatigueAnd yes they do fatigueMuscle fatigue activityMuscle fatigue activity whatwhat

substance forms causing musclesubstance forms causing musclefatigue???fatigue???


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F unctions of Skeletal MuscleF unctions of Skeletal Muscle

MovementMovement muscle move bones bymuscle move bones bypulling not pushing.pulling not pushing.

SynergistsSynergists any movement is generallyany movement is generallyaccomplished by more than one muscle. A llaccomplished by more than one muscle. A llof the muscles responsible for the movementof the muscles responsible for the movementare synergists.are synergists.

The one that is most responsible for theThe one that is most responsible for themovement is themovement is the P rime Mover (agonist)P rime Mover (agonist). .


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MovementMovementA ntagonists A ntagonists muscles and muscle groupsmuscles and muscle groupsusually work in pairsusually work in pairs

example the biceps flex your arm and itsexample the biceps flex your arm and itspartner the triceps extend your arm. The twopartner the triceps extend your arm. The twomuscles aremuscles are antagonistsantagonists, i.e. cause opposite, i.e. cause opposite

actions.actions. when one contracts the other relaxes.when one contracts the other relaxes.LevatorsLevators muscle that raise a body part.muscle that raise a body part.


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All skeletal muscles have fascicles

F ascicle arrangement allows

different functions of muscles

parallel (fusiform)--strappennate (feather)

convergentfan, triangle

circular (sphincter)squeeze

Fascicle ArrangementFascicle Arrangement


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D etermined by fascicular D etermined by fascicular arrangementarrangement

Skeletal muscle shortens to 70%of resting length

parallel--shorter, not powerfulpennate--lots of fibers, powerful

Pow er and Range of M o ti o n


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P ennate MusclesP ennate Muscles

U nipennate ::fibers on 1 side of tendonfibers on 1 side of tendon e.g.,e.g., extensor extensor digitorumdigitorum

B ipennate:fibers on both sides of tendonfibers on both sides of tendon e.g.,e.g., rectusrectus femorisfemoris

Figure 11 1c, d, e

tendon branches within muscle e.g., deltoidMultipennateMultipennate ::Form angle with tendon

D on t move as far as

parallel muscles C ontain more myofibrils

than parallel muscles D evelop more tension

than parallel muscles


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Maintenance of posture or muscle toneMaintenance of posture or muscle toneWe are able to maintain our body position becauseWe are able to maintain our body position becauseof tonic contractions in our skeletal muscles. Theseof tonic contractions in our skeletal muscles. These

contractions dont produce movement yet hold our contractions dont produce movement yet hold our muscles in position.muscles in position.

Heat productionHeat production contraction of musclescontraction of muscles

produces most of the heat required to maintainproduces most of the heat required to maintainbody temperature.body temperature.


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Structure of Skeletal MuscleStructure of Skeletal Muscle

Composed of striated muscle cells (=muscleComposed of striated muscle cells (=musclefibers) and connective tissue.fibers) and connective tissue.

Most muscles attach to 2 bones that have aMost muscles attach to 2 bones that have a

moveable joint between them.moveable joint between them.The attachment to the bone that does not move is theThe attachment to the bone that does not move is theoriginorigin..The attachment to the bone that moves is theThe attachment to the bone that moves is the insertioninsertion. .

TendonsTendons anchor muscle firmly to bones. Tendonsanchor muscle firmly to bones. Tendonsare made of dense fibrous connective tissue.are made of dense fibrous connective tissue.LigamentsLigaments connect bone to bone at a joint.connect bone to bone at a joint.


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BursaeBursae small fluid filled sacs that liesmall fluid filled sacs that liebetween some tendons and the bonesbetween some tendons and the bonesbeneath them. They are made of beneath them. They are made of connective tissue and are lined withconnective tissue and are lined withsynovial membrane that secretes synovialsynovial membrane that secretes synovialfluid.fluid.


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Contribution of the nervous systemContribution of the nervous systemElectrochemical impulses travel from theElectrochemical impulses travel from thefrontal lobesfrontal lobes of the cerebrum viaof the cerebrum via motor motor

nervesnerves to the muscle fibers and cause themto the muscle fibers and cause themto contract.to contract.Sensation is a function of the brainSensation is a function of the brain impulses are integrated in theimpulses are integrated in the parietalparietal lobeslobes

of the cerebrum (conscious muscle sense)of the cerebrum (conscious muscle sense)and in theand in the cerebellumcerebellum (unconscious). These(unconscious). Theseactivities promoteactivities promote coordinationcoordination. .


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Anatomy of s k eletal muscles

Sk eletalmusclefiber (cell)

MuscleFascicle

S urrounded byperimysium

S urrounded byendomysium

endomysium

perimysium

Sk eletalmuscle

S urrounded byepimysium

epimysiumtendon

P lay I P A natomy of Skeletal muscles (I P p. 4-6)


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Microscopic anatomyMicroscopic anatomyMuscle cells (fibers) are grouped in a highlyMuscle cells (fibers) are grouped in a highlyorganized way in the muscle. The membrane thatorganized way in the muscle. The membrane thatsurrounds the muscle cell is called thesurrounds the muscle cell is called the sarcolemmasarcolemma. .Muscle cells are filled with 2 types of fine threadlikeMuscle cells are filled with 2 types of fine threadlikeproteins called myofilaments:proteins called myofilaments: myosinmyosin (thick) and(thick) andactinactin (thin). These structures slide past each other (thin). These structures slide past each other causing the muscle cell to contract or shorten.causing the muscle cell to contract or shorten.

The myofilaments are arranged in the cells in smallThe myofilaments are arranged in the cells in smallunits calledunits called sarcomeressarcomeres. .


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Neuromuscular junctionNeuromuscular junctionSpot where the axon of aSpot where the axon of a motor nervemotor nerve nearsnearsthe muscle fiber.the muscle fiber.

The axon terminal does not touch the muscleThe axon terminal does not touch the musclebut comes close. The space between thebut comes close. The space between theaxon and the muscle cell is called theaxon and the muscle cell is called thesynapsesynapse. .

Within the terminal end of the axon are smallWithin the terminal end of the axon are smallsacs filled with asacs filled with a neurotransmitter neurotransmitter calledcalledacetylcholineacetylcholine. .


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Muscle ContractionMuscle Contraction

SequenceSequenceElectrical impulse travels down a motor Electrical impulse travels down a motor neuron. When it reaches the end,neuron. When it reaches the end,

acetylcholine (chemical) is released into theacetylcholine (chemical) is released into thesynapse.synapse.A cetylcholine bind to special receptors on A cetylcholine bind to special receptors onthe muscle cell and causes an electricalthe muscle cell and causes an electrical

impulse to spread over the cell.impulse to spread over the cell.The sarcomeres shorten and the muscle cellThe sarcomeres shorten and the muscle cellcontracts.contracts.


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MU SC LE

MU SC LEFIB ER

MYOFI B RIL

S ARC OMERE


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Sarcomere

Z ZZ

Z ZZ

I

A A


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Movement of MusclesMovement of Muscles

Origin:Origin: the attachment of the attachment of the muscle to the bonethe muscle to the bonethat remains stationarythat remains stationary

Insertion:Insertion: the attachmentthe attachmentof the muscle to the boneof the muscle to the bonethat movesthat moves

Belly:

Belly: the fleshy part of the fleshy part of the muscle between thethe muscle between the

tendons of origin and/or tendons of origin and/or insertioninsertion

origin

insertion

belly


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Movement of s k eletal muscleMovement of s k eletal muscle

T hese muscles move when the brainT hese muscles move when the brainsends messages to the musclesends messages to the muscle

Always wor k

in pairsAlways wor k

in pairs2 movements of s k eletal muscle2 movements of s k eletal muscle

C ontraction (shorten)C ontraction (shorten)Extension (lengthen)Extension (lengthen)


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Categories of Categories of

skeletal muscle actionsskeletal muscle actionsCategoriesCategories A ctions A ctions

Extensor Extensor Increases the angle at a jointIncreases the angle at a jointFlexor Flexor D ecreases the angle at a jointD ecreases the angle at a jointAbductor Abductor Moves limb away from midline of bodyMoves limb away from midline of bodyAdductor Adductor Moves limb toward midline of bodyMoves limb toward midline of body

Levator Levator Moves insertion upwardMoves insertion upwardD epressor D epressor Moves insertion downwardMoves insertion downwardRotator Rotator Rotates a bone along its axisRotates a bone along its axisS phincter S phincter Constricts an openingConstricts an opening


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Practice these MovementsPractice these Movements

1.1. B end armB end arm-- biceps biceps contractcontract

-- tricepstriceps extendextend2 .2 . Straighten armStraighten arm

-- biceps biceps extendextend-- tricepstriceps contractcontract

3 . B end knee3 . B end knee-- quadricepsquadriceps extendextend-- hamstringshamstrings contractcontract


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4 . Straighten knee4 . Straighten knee-- quadricepsquadriceps contractcontract-- hamstringshamstrings extendextend

5 .5 . CrunchesCrunches-- abdomenabdomen contractcontract-- back muscles back muscles extendextend

6.

6. P

oint toesP

oint toes-- calf musclecalf muscle contractcontract-- shin muscleshin muscle extendextend

More MovementsMore Movements


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Naming Sk eletal MusclesNaming Sk eletal Muscles

Location of the muscleLocation of the muscleShape of the muscleShape of the muscleRelative Size of the muscleRelative Size of the muscleD irection/Orientation of the muscleD irection/Orientation of the musclefibers/cellsfibers/cellsNumber of OriginsNumber of OriginsLocation of the A ttachmentsLocation of the A ttachmentsA ction of the muscle A ction of the muscle


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Muscles Named by LocationMuscles Named by Location

EpicraniusEpicranius(around cranium)(around cranium)

T ibialis anterior T ibialis anterior (front of tibia)(front of tibia)tibialisanterior


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Naming Sk eletal MusclesNaming Sk eletal Muscles

S hape:S hape:deltoid (triangle)deltoid (triangle)

trapezius (trapezoid, 2trapezius (trapezoid, 2

parallel sides)parallel sides)serratus (sawserratus (saw- -toothed)toothed)

rhomboideusrhomboideus(rhomboid, 4 parallel(rhomboid, 4 parallelsides)sides)

orbicularis andorbicularis and

sphincters (circular)sphincters (circular)

Rh omboideusmajor

Trapezius

Deltoid

Serratus anterior


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maximus (largest)maximus (largest)minimis (smallest)minimis (smallest)

longus (longest)longus (longest)brevis (short)brevis (short)major (large)major (large)

minor (small)minor (small)

P soasmajor

P soasminor

Muscles Named by S izeMuscles Named by S ize


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Muscles Named byMuscles Named byD irection of FibersD irection of Fibers

Rectus (straight)Rectus (straight) parallel to longparallel to longaxisaxis

TransverseTransverse

ObliqueOblique

R ectusabdominis

Externaloblique


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Biceps (2)Biceps (2)

Triceps (3)Triceps (3)

Quadriceps (4)Quadriceps (4)

Muscles Named for Muscles Named for

Number of OriginsNumber of OriginsB iceps

brac h ii


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Muscles Named for Origin andMuscles Named for Origin and

InsertionInsertionS ternocleidomastoidS ternocleidomastoid

originates fromoriginates fromsternum and claviclesternum and clavicleand inserts onand inserts onmastoid process of mastoid process of temporal bonetemporal bone

origins

insertion


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Muscles Named for ActionMuscles Named for Action

F lexor carpi radialisF lexor carpi radialis(extensor carpi radialis)(extensor carpi radialis) flexes wristflexes wrist

Abductor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis brevis(adductor pollicis)(adductor pollicis)

flexes thumbflexes thumb

A bductor magnus A bductor magnus abducts thighabducts thigh

Extensor digitorumExtensor digitorum extends fingersextends fingers

A dductormagnus


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Arrangement of FasciclesArrangement of Fascicles

ParallelParallelstrapstrap--likelikeex: sartoriusex: sartorius

FusiformFusiformspindle shapedspindle shapedex: biceps femorisex: biceps femoris


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PennatePennate"feather shaped"feather shaped

U nipennateU nipennate

ex: extensor ex: extensor digitorum longusdigitorum longus

B ipennateB ipennate

ex: rectus femorisex: rectus femoris

MultipennateMultipennateex: deltoidex: deltoid


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C onvergentC onvergentex: pectoralisex: pectoralismajor major

C ircular C ircular sphincterssphinctersex: orbicularis orisex: orbicularis oris


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There are about 60 muscles in the face.There are about 60 muscles in the face.

Smiling is easier than frowningSmiling is easier than frowning..I t takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.I t takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.

Smile and make someone happySmile and make someone happy..


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CLINIC A L CORREL A TIONCLINIC A L CORREL A TION


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ExerciseExercise- -Induced Muscle D amageInduced Muscle D amageIntense exercise can cause muscle damageIntense exercise can cause muscle damage

electron micrographs reveal tornelectron micrographs reveal tornsarcolemmassarcolemmas, damaged myofibrils an, damaged myofibrils andisrupted Z discsdisrupted Z discsincreased blood levels of increased blood levels of myoglobinmyoglobin && creatinecreatinephosphate found only inside muscle cellsphosphate found only inside muscle cells

D elayed onset muscle sorenessD elayed onset muscle soreness12 to 48 Hours after strenuous exercise12 to 48 Hours after strenuous exercise

stiffness, tenderness and swelling due tostiffness, tenderness and swelling due tomicroscopic cell damagemicroscopic cell damage


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A trophy A trophywasting away of muscleswasting away of musclescaused by disuse (disuse atrophy) or severing of caused by disuse (disuse atrophy) or severing of the nerve supply (the nerve supply (denervationdenervation atrophy)atrophy)the transition to connective tissue can not bethe transition to connective tissue can not be

reversedreversedHypertrophyHypertrophy

increase in the diameter of muscle fibersincrease in the diameter of muscle fibers

resulting from very forceful, repetitive muscular resulting from very forceful, repetitive muscular activity and an increase in myofibrils, SR &activity and an increase in myofibrils, SR &mitochondriamitochondria

A i l M lA i l M l


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A xial Musculature A xial Musculature

A rises from and inserts on the axial A rises from and inserts on the axialskeletonskeletonP ositions the head and spinal columnP ositions the head and spinal columnMoves the rib cage, assisting inMoves the rib cage, assisting inbreathingbreathingA xial musculature Originates and inserts on axial skeletonA ppendicular musculature Stabilizes or moves components of the

appendicular skeleton


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A xial muscles organized into four A xial muscles organized into four groupsgroups

Muscles of the head and neckMuscles of the head and neck

Muscles of the vertebral columnMuscles of the vertebral columnOblique and rectus musclesOblique and rectus musclesMuscles of the pelvic floor Muscles of the pelvic floor

M l f th H d d N kM l f th H d d N k


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Muscles of the Head and NeckMuscles of the Head and Neck

Muscles of facial expressionMuscles of facial expression

Extrinsic eye musclesExtrinsic eye musclesMuscles of masticationMuscles of masticationMuscles of the tongueMuscles of the tongue

Muscles of the pharynxMuscles of the pharynxMuscles of the anterior neckMuscles of the anterior neck

M l f F i l E iM l f F i l E i


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Muscles of F acial ExpressionMuscles of F acial Expression

Originate on surface of skullOriginate on surface of skullLargest group associated with mouthLargest group associated with mouth

Orbicularis orisOrbicularis orisBuccinator Buccinator

Occipitofrontalis muscleOccipitofrontalis muscleMovement of eyebrows, forehead, scalpMovement of eyebrows, forehead, scalp

P latysmaP latysmaSkin of neck, depresses mandibleSkin of neck, depresses mandible


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Si ESi E O l (O l )O l (O l )


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Six ExtraSix Extra- -Ocular (Oculomotor)Ocular (Oculomotor)MusclesMuscles

Inferior rectusInferior rectusSuperior rectusSuperior rectusMedial rectusMedial rectusLateral rectusLateral rectus

Superior obliqueSuperior obliqueInferior obliqueInferior oblique

Muscles of MasticationMuscles of Mastication


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Muscles of MasticationMuscles of MasticationA ct on the mandible A ct on the mandible

Masseter Masseter TemporalisTemporalisP terygoid musclesP terygoid muscles

Muscles of the TongueMuscles of the Tongue


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Muscles of the TongueMuscles of the TongueNecessary for speech and swallowingNecessary for speech and swallowing

GenioglossusGenioglossusHyoglossusHyoglossusP alatoglossusP alatoglossus

StyloglossusStyloglossus

Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynx


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Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynxInitiate swallowingInitiate swallowing

P haryngeal constrictorsP haryngeal constrictorsLaryngeal elevatorsLaryngeal elevators

P alatopharyngeusP alatopharyngeus

SalpingopharyngeusSalpingopharyngeusStylopharyngeusStylopharyngeus

P alatal musclesP alatal muscles


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Muscles of the P harynxMuscles of the P harynx

A nterior Muscles of the NeckA nterior Muscles of the Neck


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A nterior Muscles of the Neck A nterior Muscles of the NeckF oundation for the muscles of the tongue andF oundation for the muscles of the tongue andpharynxpharynx

D igastricD igastricMylohyoidMylohyoid

StylohyoidStylohyoidSternocleidomastoidSternocleidomastoid


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A nterior Muscles of the Neck A nterior Muscles of the Neck

Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral Column


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Muscles of the Vertebral ColumnMuscles of the Vertebral ColumnCovered by a superficial layer of backCovered by a superficial layer of back

musclesmusclesTrapeziusTrapeziusLatissimus dorsiLatissimus dorsi

Superficial and deep layersSuperficial and deep layersS

uperficial muscles:Splenius musclesSpinal extensors

Spinalis Longissimus

IliocostalisLongissimus and iliocostalis merge inlumbar region

D eep muscles: Interconnect andstabilize the vertebrae

Transversospinal groupSemispinalisMultifidusRotatoresInterspinales

Intertransversarii


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Longus capitusLongus capitusLongus colliLongus colliRotate and flex the neckRotate and flex the neck

Quadratus lumborumQuadratus lumborummusclesmuscles

F lex the spineF lex the spineD epress the ribsD epress the ribs

M l f h V b l C lM l f h V b l C l


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The Oblique and RectusThe Oblique and Rectus


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Oblique muscles of neck Oblique muscles of neck and thorax and thorax ScalenesScalenesIntercostalsIntercostalsTransverses musclesTransverses muscles

I mportant in respirationI mportant in respiration

DiaphragmDiaphragmSeparates abdominopelvicSeparates abdominopelvicand thoracic cavitiesand thoracic cavities

Most important muscle inMost important muscle inrespirationrespiration

The Oblique and RectusThe Oblique and RectusMusclesMuscles

Oblique and Rectus MusclesRectus abdominusA bdominal oblique muscles

Compress underlyingorgans

Rotate the vertebralcolumnExternal obliquemuscleInternal obliquemuscle

Rectus abdominismuscle

e que an ec use que an ec us


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e que an ec use que an ec usMusclesMuscles


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The D iaphragmThe D iaphragm

Muscles of the P elvic F loorMuscles of the P elvic F loor


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Muscles of the P elvic F loor Muscles of the P elvic F loor Extend from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubisExtend from the sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubis

Support the organs of the pelvic cavitySupport the organs of the pelvic cavityF lex the joints of the sacrum and coccyxF lex the joints of the sacrum and coccyxControl movement of materials through anus and urethraControl movement of materials through anus and urethra

P erineum A nterior urogenital triangle

Urogenital diaphragm

P osterior anal triangleP elvic diaphragm


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Muscles of the P elvic F loor Muscles of the P elvic F loor

F i 10 15 M l f hF i 10 15 M l f h


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F igure 10.15c Muscles of theF igure 10.15c Muscles of theP elvic F loor P elvic F loor

A ppendicular musculature is A ppendicular musculature is


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ppendicular musculature isppendicular musculature isresponsible for responsible for

Stabilizing pectoral girdleStabilizing pectoral girdleStabilizing pelvic girdleStabilizing pelvic girdleMoving upper and lower limbsMoving upper and lower limbs

F our groups of musclesMuscles that position the pectoral girdle

Muscles that move the armMuscles that move the forearm and handMuscles that move the hand and fingers


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girdlegirdle

Trapezius muscleTrapezius muscleA ffects position of pectoral girdle, A ffects position of pectoral girdle,neck, headneck, head

Rhomboid musclesRhomboid musclesA dducts scapula A dducts scapulaD eep to trapeziusD eep to trapeziusInserts on scapulaInserts on scapula

Levator scapulae muscleLevator scapulae muscleElevates scapulaElevates scapula

Serratus anterior muscle

A bducts scapula Swings shoulder anteriorly Originates on ribsSubclavius and pectoralis minor muscles

A rise along ventral surface of ribs

D epress and protract shoulder

Muscles that Move the A rmMuscles that Move the A rm


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Muscles that Move the rmMuscles that Move the rmDeltoid and supraspinatusDeltoid and supraspinatus

Abduction at the shoulder

Abduction at the shoulder

S upscapularis and teresS upscapularis and teresmajor major

Rotate arm mediallyRotate arm mediallyI nfraspinatus and teresI nfraspinatus and teresminor minor

Rotate arm laterallyRotate arm laterally

Rotator cuff

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Coracobrachialis

F lexion and adduction at shouldePectoralis major muscle

F lexes shoulder A dducts and medially rotates armLatissumus dorsi muscle

Extends shoulder A dducts and medially rotates arm


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Muscles that Move the A rmMuscles that Move the A rm

Muscles of the pelvic girdle andMuscles of the pelvic girdle and


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Muscles of the pelvic girdle andMuscles of the pelvic girdle andlower limbslower limbs

Three groupsThree groupsMuscles that move the thighsMuscles that move the thighs

Muscles that move the legMuscles that move the legMuscles that move the foot and toesMuscles that move the foot and toes

Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the Thigh


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Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the ThighGluteal muscles cover lateralGluteal muscles cover lateralsurface of iliumsurface of ilium

Gluteus maximusGluteus maximusExtension and lateral rotation of hipExtension and lateral rotation of hipP ulls on iliotibial tractP ulls on iliotibial tract

Tensor fasciae latae muscleTensor fasciae latae muscle

P roduces flexion, abduction andP roduces flexion, abduction andmedial rotationmedial rotationP ulls on iliotibial tractP ulls on iliotibial tract

P iriformis and obturator muscles

Lateral rotatorsP soas major and iliacus

Merge to form iliopsoas P ower flexor of hip

A dductor group adductship

A dductor magnusmuscle

A dductor brevismuscle

A dductor longus

muscle P ectineus muscle Gracilis muscle

M scles that Mo e the Thigh


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Muscles that Move the Thigh


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Muscles that Move the ThighMuscles that Move the Thigh

Muscles that Move the LegMuscles that Move the Leg


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ggExtensor muscles of theExtensor muscles of thekneeknee

A nterior and lateral surfaces of A nterior and lateral surfaces of the thighthe thigh

F lexor muscles of the kneeF lexor muscles of the kneeP osterior and medial surfacesP osterior and medial surfaces

of the thighof the thighF lexors and adductorsF lexors and adductors

Originate on pelvic girdleOriginate on pelvic girdle

ExtensorsExtensorsOriginate at femoral surfaceOriginate at femoral surface

F lexors of the knee and extensors of hip

B iceps femoris S emimembranosus muscle S emitendinosus muscle

S artorius muscle

F lexor of kneePopliteal muscle Medial rotation of tibia Unlocks knee joint

Quadriceps femoris knee extensors Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus medialis muscle Rectus femoris muscle


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TT


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ToesToesGastrocnemius and soleus musclesGastrocnemius and soleus muscles

P lantar flexionP lantar flexion

Tibialis anterior Tibialis anterior D orsiflexionD orsiflexion

F ibularis musclesF ibularis musclesEversion and plantar flexionEversion and plantar flexion

Smaller muscles of calf and shin

P osition foot Move toes

P recise control of phalanges

Muscles on tarsal and metatarsal bones

Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearm


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Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearmand Handand Hand

Biceps brachiiBiceps brachii

F lexes elbowF lexes elbowSupinates forearmSupinates forearm

Triceps brachiiTriceps brachii

Extends elbowExtends elbow

Muscles that Move the F orearmMuscles that Move the F orearm


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and Handand HandBrachialis andBrachialis andbrachioradialisbrachioradialis

F lex the elbowF lex the elbowA nconeus muscle and A nconeus muscle andtriceps brachiitriceps brachii

Extend the elbow (opposeExtend the elbow (opposebrachialis)brachialis)

F lexor carpi ulnaris, flexor F lexor carpi ulnaris, flexor

carpi radialis, palmariscarpi radialis, palmarislonguslongusF lex the wristF lex the wristF lexor carpi ulnaris adductsF lexor carpi ulnaris adductswristwrist

F lexor carpi radialis abductsF lexor carpi radialis abducts

Extensor carpi radialis muscle

A bducts and extends wristExtensor carpi ulnaris muscle

A dducts and extends wristP

ronator teres, pronator quadratusmuscles

P ronate forearm without flexionor extension

Suppinator muscle

Opposes pronator muscles

Muscles that Move the Hand andMuscles that Move the Hand and


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Muscles that Move the Hand andMuscles that Move the Hand andF ingersF ingers

Superficial and deep muscles of Superficial and deep muscles of the forearmthe forearmLarge musclesLarge muscles

Tendons cross wristTendons cross wristSynovial tendon sheathsSynovial tendon sheathsThickened fasciaThickened fascia

Extensor retinaculum and flexor Extensor retinaculum and flexor retinaculumretinaculum

Carpal tunnel syndromeCarpal tunnel syndrome

Extrinsic Muscles that Move the Hand andExtrinsic Muscles that Move the Hand and


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F ingersF ingers


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Intrinsic Muscles, Tendons and Ligaments of Intrinsic Muscles, Tendons and Ligaments of


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the Handthe Hand

msucular system final lec

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