murata ptc thermistors posistor application manual

7/29/2019 Murata PTC Thermistors POSISTOR Application Manual

1/15

Cat.No.R16E-4

PTC Thermistor(POSISTOR)

Application Manual

MurataManufacturing Co., Ltd.

This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, its specifications are subject to change or our products in i t may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check wi th oursales representatives or product engineers before ordering.

This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.

!Note R16E.pdf08.9.25


2/15

for EU RoHS Compliant

All the products on this catalog are complied with EU RoHS.

EU RoHS is "the European Directive 2011/65/EC on the Restriction of the Useof Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment".

For more details, please refer to our website 'Murata's Approach for EU RoHS'

(http://www.murata.com/info/rohs.html).

This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, its specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with oursales representatives or product engineers before ordering.




3/15

CONTENTS

1 Characteristics ofPOSISTOR

2 The basic design data

3 Structure of POSISTOR

POSISTOR Application and Variety ListY02

Characteristics of POSISTORY 03

1. Introduction .03

2. Characteristics of POSISTOR.03

The basic design dataY 04

1. Resistance - temperature characteristics.04

2. Voltage - current characteristics (Static characteristics).05

3. Current - time characteristics (Dynamic characteristics) . 06

Structure of POSISTORY07

Practical applications of POSISTORY 08

1. Heating (Automatic temperature adjustment heater) .08

2. For temperature sensor and temperature compensation .09

3. For current control.011

TermsY 012

!Strict observance .012

!Notice .012

1

2

3

4

4 Practical applications ofPOSISTOR5

5 Terms

POSISTOR.and."POSISTOR".in.this.manual.are.the.trademarks.

of.Murata.Manufacturing.Co,.Ltd





4/152




POSISTOR Application and Variety List

Application Target device

Over current Protection Overheat SensingTemp com-pensation

HeaterMotorstarter

Chip type

PRG

Lead type

PTGL

Chip type

PRF

Lead type

PTFLPTFM

Lead type

PTRL

Contact type

PTWSBPTWTA

Hot air type

PTWH

Case typePTH6M

PTH7MPTHTM

AV equipment

Plasma TV K K K K K

LCD TV K K K K

Projection TV K K K K

CATV K

STB K

Video camera K K

Digital camera K K

DVD recorder K K K

VTR K K K

Audio K K K K

Electric keyboard, Electronic musicinstrument

K K K K

Digital mobile audio K K

MD/CD player K K

TV game K K K

Portable game K K

Informationequipment

Laptop K K

Desktop computer K K

Server K K K K

Printer K K K K

Scanner K K

LCD display K K K K

USB access device K

HDD K

CD/DVD-ROM/RAM K K

Copy machine K K K K

Electronic dictionary/databook K K

Electronic blackboard K K K K

Communica-tions equip-ment

Electronic automatic exchange K

Transmission equipment K

PBX K

Cordless telephone K

Fax machine K K K K

Modem K

Cellular phone K K

Headset K

Cellular phone base station K K K K

Intercom K K

Carelectronics

Engine control ECU K K

Drive control ECU K K

Air-bag K

Anticollision radar K

ABS/ESC K K

Instrument/display panel, Meter K

Rechargeable battery for EV/HEV K K

Car air conditioner K K

Heater, HVAC K

HID/LED headlight, AFS K K K

LED tail light K K K

LED interior light K K

Retractable electric mirror K

Door lock, trunk opener K

Power seat K

Shock absorber K

VICS, ETC K

Burglar alarm K K

Car navigation K K KCar audio K K K K

HomeelectronicsHouseholdequipment

Refrigerator K K K K

Microwave, Oven K K K

Electric rice-cooker K K K

IH cooking device K K

Air conditioner K K K K K

Fan heater K K

Cleaner K K

Bath dryer K

Clothes washer, cloth dryer K K

Futon dryer K

Hot-air heater K

Electric pot K

Ventilator K

hot-water pot K K K

Humidifying device K

Inhaler K

Illumination device K K K K

Massage chair, healthcare equipment K K K K KCurling iron K

Potable compact iron K

Hot water spray toilet seat K K K K

Electric power tool K K K K

Electric mosquito extermination,fragrance device

K

Power supply

Switching supply K K K K

Inverter power K K K K

AC adapter, battery charger K K K


5/153




2. Characteristics of the POSISTOR

Basically,. the.POSISTOR. increases.its. resistance. value,.

when.its.temperature.rises.From.this.phenomenon,.

1

1 Characteristics of POSISTOR

Resistance - temperature

characteristics

(time independent)

Voltage - current characteristics

(Static Characteristic,

time independent)

Current - time characteristics

(Dynamic characteristic,

time dependent)

Basic

characteristics

Resistance

at 25degC

Ambient

temperature (Ta)

Features

Temperature change can be detected

because the resistance of POSISTOR

is changed by ambient temperature.

This characteristic shows the relation

between the applied voltage and

stable current, when the Thermistor

internal self-heating equals the heat

dissipated by the Thermistor to the

outside (state of equilibrium). Each

above chart is composed of constant

resistance area, maximum current

point and constant power area.

This characteristic shows the

relation between current and time

as equilibrium is achieved between

internal self-heating and heat

dissipation under the applied voltage.

Functions

& applications

1. Temperature sensing, temperature

compensation

2. Overheat protection of electric

equipment, electric devices, Heater

devices, Power supplies. Power IC/

FET

1. Current control, over current

protection

2. Constant temperature heater

3. Detector element using change of

heat dissipation factor

4. Constant voltage and constant

current equipment

1. Motor starter element

(Motor starter relay)

2. Timer delay element

!Table 1 Characteristics of POSISTOR

Barium.titanate.(BaTiO3).is.a.ferroelectric.substance.

that.was.first.identified.in.1944.Its.resistivity.at.room.

temperature.becomes.an.n-type.controlled-valency.

semiconductor.with.1-106ohm..cm,.if.a.slight.amount.

of.rare.earth.elements.are.added.to.Barium.titanate.

It.was.first.made.in.1951.Murata.was.extremely.

interested.in.this.semiconductor.and.successfully.

starting.the.first.commercial.production.of.the.

POSISTOR.in.1961

Since.then,.it.has.been.applied.to.several.applications.

under.the.name.of.POSISTOR

POSISTOR.is.Positive.Temperature.Coefficient.

Thermistor.(PTC.Thermistor).Normally.when.the.

temperature.increases,.the.resistance.of.conventional.

Thermistor.decreases.But,.the.resistance.of.PTC.

Thermistor.rises.sharply.when.its.temperature.exceeds.

a.specific.temperature

1. Introduction

three.characteristics.can.be.made,.which.are.described.

below


6/154




2

1. Resistance - temperature characteristics

The.POSISTOR.has.resistance.-.temperature.

characteristics.that.cause.its.resistance.to.exponentially.

increase.when.the.parts.temperature.exceeds.its.Curie-

point.(Cp),.the.critical.temperature.where.the.resistance.

value.increases.dramatically.Typically.above.the.Cp,.

the.resistance.of.POSISTOR.increase.at.rate.of.15%.to.

60%.per.degC.There.are.many.kinds.of.Cp.available.

(from.40degC.to.280degC,.as.shown.in.Fig.1,.table.2.

and.table.3).which.allows.for.the.easy.selection.of.a.

suitable.Cp.for.each.application

Some.special.POSISTOR,.products.with.a.Cp.below.

room.temperature,.exhibit.a.more.linear.rate.of.

resistance.increase.of.5%.per.degC,.above.its.CpIf.a.resistor.is.connected.with.the.POSISTOR.in.series.

or.parallel,.the.resistance.-.temperature.characteristics.


!Table 2 Resistance - temperature characteristics

Clas-sifi-

cation

Temper-ature

charac-teristics

Description of characteristics Applications

() T

Exhibits a generally uniformpositive resistance temperaturecharacteristics (about 5%/degC)within the temperature range ofroom temperature to 60degC

Temp.compensation,Temp. sensing

() BH-AR

Exhibits an almost linearresistance increase between roomtemp and the Cp, with an abruptresistance increase above the Cp.

Cp is available in a range from40degC to 120degC, selected bytemperature characteristics

Temp. sensing,Overheatsensing, Motor

starting, Heaters

() AR-AD

Exhibits a less than linearresistance increase from roomtemperature to the Cp, with anabrupt resistance rise over the Cp.

Temp. sensing,Overheatsensing,Over currentprotection, Motorstarting, Heaters

-50

Temperature (C)

105

0 50 100 150 200 250 30025

104

103

102

10

1

10-1

RateofResistanceChange(R/25C)

T

T

AD

BD

BGBH

~

ADAE

AF

AG

AH

AK

BGBH

BDBC AR AP AM

BB AS AN

Fig. 1

Temperature (C)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

10

1

10-1

R/Rpo

Rp Rs

K=2.0

K=1.0

K=0.5

Single POSISTOR(characteristic T)

R=Rp+RsRs=KRpoRpo : Resistance value

of a POSISTORat 25C

PTRL07BT102M2A51B0

Fig. 2 Insertion of fixed resistance in series with POSISTOR

Temperature (C)

-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

10

1

10-1

R/Rpo

Rp

RF

h=2.0

h=1.0

h=0.5

Single POSISTOR(characteristic T)

R=Rp RF/(Rp+RF)RF=hRpoRpo : Resistance value

of a POSISTORat 25C

PTRL07BT102M2A51B0

Fig. 3 Insertion of fixed resistance in parallel with POSISTOR

can.be.changed.as.shown.in.Fig.2.and.Fig.3.In.the.

case.where.a.POSISTOR.is.used.for.temperature.

compensation,.of.a.transistor.for.example,.this.method.

is.useful.to.obtain.suitable.temperature.characteristics

!Table 3 Temp. Characteristics (T.C.) and Cp

T.C. Cp (degC) T.C. Cp (degC)

AD 280 BA 110

AE 260 BB 100

AF 240 BC 90

AG 220 BD 80

AH 200 BE 70

AK 180 BF 60AL 170 BG 50

AM 160 BH 40

AN 150 T (50)

AP 140

AS 130

AR 120


7/155




2

2. Voltage - current characteristics (Static characteristics)

The.POSISTOR.can.be.used.as.a.constant.temperature.

heater.with.an.automatic.temperature.adjustment.

function.and.can.maintain.constant.wattage,.even.

over.voltage.fluctuation,.if.the.current.through.the.

POSISTOR.is.maintained.above.its.maximum.current.

point

The.POSISTOR.can.provide.over-current.protection.if.

it.is.connected.in.series.in.a.circuit.If.current.through.

the.POSISTOR.is.less.than.the.maximum.current.

point.provided.as.protective.current.in.the.spec,.the.

POSISTOR.acts.like.a.regular.fixed.value.resistor.If.

current.exceeds.the.protective.current,.the.POSISTOR.

will.sharply.increase.in.resistance.due.to.self.heating.and.reduce.the.current.flow,.providing.protection.to.the.

rest.of.the.circuit

By.adding.a.series.or.parallel.resistor.to.the.POSISTOR,.

the.voltage-current.characteristics.can.be.changed.as.

shown.in.Fig.5.As.an.example,.a.resistor.in.parallel.

with.the.POSISTOR.can.provide.a.constant.current.

function.with.increasing.voltage.(see.curves.1,.2,.and.3.

in.Fig.5)

When.voltage.is.applied.to.the.POSISTOR,.self-

heating.can.occur.due.to.current.flow.If.current.flow.

through.the.POSISTOR,.exceeds.the.maximum.current.

point,.then.self.heating.of.the.POSISTOR.may.cause.the.temperature.of.the.part.to.exceed.the.CP.and.its.

resistance.raises.dramatically.As.long.as.the.maximum.

current.point.is.exceeded,.the.POSISTOR.will.stabilize.

above.the.Cp.and.high.resistance.will.be.maintained.As.

current.is.reduced.below.the.maximum.current.point,.

self.heating.is.reduced.and.the.POSISTOR.will.cool.to.

below.the.CP,.assuming.an.external.heat.source.is.not.

present

With.the.voltage.-.current.characteristics.shown.in.a.

double.logarithmic.graph,.the.line.(charted.as.I.vs.V).

is.shown.to.increase.in.a.45.deg.straight.line.(constant.

resistance.region.of.the.chart,.where.the.Thermistors.resistance.is.stable).until.the.maximum.current.point.

is.reached.Beyond.the.maximum.current.point,.the.

line.decreases.at.a.45deg.straight.line.(constant.power.

region.of.the.chart,.where.the.Thermistors.resistance.

sharply.increases)

Voltage (V)

10

10 100

100

Current(mA)

0C10C25C

40C60C

PTWSB2AG

Ambienttemperature

Fig. 4-3 Changing ambient temperature

2The basic design data

Voltage (V)

10

10 100

100

Curre

nt(mA)

PTWSB

AGAH

AS

BC

All POSISTORs incharacteristic AR Ambienttemperature 25C

Fig. 4-1 Changing Curie point

Voltage (V)

Current(mA)

10

102

103

1 10 100

PTGL0

7(47

)

PTGL0

7(22

)PTGL0

9(4

.7)

PTGL1

4(2

.2)

PTGL1

8(2

.2) All POSISTOR

characteristic : ARAmbient temperature :

at 25C

Fig. 4-2 Changing dimension and resistance value

Current(mA)

Current(mA)

Voltage (V)

Voltage (V)

1 1010

100

1000

1 10

1000

100

10

1.(h

=2)

2.(h

=3)

3.(h

=5)

K=2 K=3 K= 5

POSISTOR(K=0)

Ta=25C Rs=KRpoRpo : Resistance value

of a POSISTORat 25C

PTGL07AR

PTGL07AR

Rp Rs

POSISTORItself(h=)

Ta=25C Rp=hRpo

Rpo : Resistance valueof a POSISTORat 25C

RP

RF

Fig. 5 Change of static characteristic of POSISTOR by series

and parallel resistance


8/156





2

3. Current - time characteristics (Dynamic Characteristics)

If.a.specific.voltage,.above.the.V-I.charts.maximum.

current.point,.is.applied.to.the.POSISTOR.a.large.

amount.of.current.will.flow.through.POSISTOR,.

because.its.resistance.is.low.The.POSISTOR.will.start.

to.self-heat.due.to.the.current,.and.over.a.period.of.time.

the.temperature.of.the.POSISTOR.will.exceed.the.Cp.

and.its.resistance.will.sharply.increase.Due.to.this,.

the.current.will.eventually.stabilize.at.a.constant.level.

(Fig.6-1.and.6-2)

If.the.initial.applied.voltage.is.increased,.the.time.

needed.for.the.POSISTOR.to.self-heat.beyond.its.Cp.is.

reduced,.due.to.the.larger.current.flow.causing.faster.

self-heating.of.the.POSISTOR.(Fig.6-3)If.a.resistor.is.connected.with.POSISTOR.in.series.or.in.

parallel,.the.dynamic.characteristics.can.be.changed.as.

well.(Fig.7)

Time (msec.)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

6

4

2

0

-2

-4

Curren

tValue(A)

Ta=25C

Fig. 6-1 Current - time characteristic (AC)

Time (sec.)

0 1 2 3 4 5

8

6

4

2

0

CurrentValue(A)

Ta=-10C

25C60C

Fig. 6-2 Current - time characteristic

(DC, Ambient temperature change)

Time (sec.)

CurrentValue(A)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

1.5

1.0

0.5

Ta=25C

PTGL09AR220M6B52B0

Fig. 6-3 Inrush current and attenuation

Time (sec.)

Current(mA

)

Time (sec.)

Current(mA)

0 2 4 6 8 10

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 2 4 6 8 10

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

h=2

h=3

h=5

Ta=25C Rs=KRpo

Rpo : Resistance value

of a POSISTOR

at 25C

PTGL07ARRp Rs

16V

K=2

K=3

K=5

Ta=25C RF=hRpo

Rpo : Resistance value

of a POSISTOR

at 25C

PTGL07AR

Rp

RF

16V

Fig. 7 Change of dynamic characteristic of POSISTOR by

series or parallel resistance


9/157




3

3 Structure of POSISTOR

Leaded.products.of.POSISTOR,.as.shown.in.Fig.8,.can.

have.their.POSISTOR.element.either:.soldered.to.lead.

wires.and.its.surface.then.coated.with.epoxy.resin,.or.the.element.can.be.held.in.place.by.spring.terminals.

and.encased.in.a.plastic.housing.In.the.case.of.the.

latter,.the.spring.terminals.also.provide.the.electrical.

connection.and.exit.the.housing.as.lead.terminals.The.

shape.of.the.POSISTOR.can.either.be.square.or.round.

Recently,.chip.type.POSISTORs.are.becoming.more.

common

Fig. 8

9

=

5=:

9

;

=

9

5

7

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