My Slightly Bigger than a Mini-

MuseumTravel through time and

witness some of the wonders of the world.

First Stop…..The Ancient

World

The Great Sphinx

Ryan Gerkey

Ryan Gerkey

The Great Sphinx

Guards the pyramid of Chefren at Giza

The Sphinx is a majestic symbol of ancient Egypt’s belief in divine kingship.

The head rising from the body of a lion--lions were associated with the pharaoh--reaches to a height of 65 feet.

•Carved from the living stone, the Great Sphinx of Giza is an apt symbol for the god Atum, or the king in the guise.

Ryan Gerkey

The Great Sphinx• The Great Sphinx can be found near the banks of the Nile,

facing east, away from the pyramid of Khafra (near modern day Cairo).

• The age of the sphinx is not known, with guesses varying between six-thousand and even thirteen-thousand years old.

• The monument was given the name 'sphinx' due to its likeness to a Greek legend of a creature with the head of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird.

• Truly one of the greatest wonders in the world.

Our Next Stop..

The Aegean World and Ancient Greece

The Parthenon

The Parthenon

• Work began on the Parthenon in 447 BC• It symbolizes the power and influence of the Athenian

politician, Perikles, who championed its construction.• The Parthenon is a temple of the Doric order with eight

columns at the façade, and seventeen columns at the flanks.• Democracy, arguably the epitome of the Athenian way of

thinking, was at center stage while the Parthenon was built.• The fact that common people are depicted as individuals for

the first time at the Parthenon frieze was owed to the fact that for the first time in history every citizen of a city was recognized as a significant entity and a considerable moving force in the polis and the observable universe.

Parthenon Facts•Year Built: 447-432 BCE •Precise Dimensions: • Width East: 30.875 m • Width West: 30.8835 m • Length North: 69.5151 m • Length South: 69.5115 m

•Width to Ratio: 9:4 • Width to height Ratio (without

the Pediments): 9:4

•Number of stones used to built the Parthenon: Approximated at 13400 stones. •Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates •Parthenon Cost: 469 talents •Coordinates (of Plaka area just below the Acropolis): 37° 58'N, 23° 43'E

Our Next Stop..

The Hellenic and Hellenistic Ages

Ancient Greek Theater

Ancient Greek Theater• Many words assoiated with theatre have roots in Greek. Theatre comes for

the word theatron meaning "seeing place“, and drama comes form the word dran meaning "to do“.

• Three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights of the fifth century are Sophocles, and Euripedes and Aeschylus.

• Greek Theater was a medium for the communal expression of religious belief through music, poetry and dance.

• Dancing was included as part of the religious ritual, and often a speaker was used who was separate from the chorus but was engaged in dialogue with the chorus.

• The Anthenian theatre focused on the God Dionysus. Dionysus was the God of: fertility, wine, agriculture, and sexuality.

• The ancient Greek theatre actually consisted of loud music, bright colors, and extensive dancing. Their plays showed: violence and daily life, social and ethical plays, war, murder, lust and betrayal.

The Greek Tragedy

• Structure of Greek Tragedy: – Late point of attack – Violence and death offstage – Frequent use of messengers to relate information – Usually continuous time of action– Usually single place – Stories based on myth or history, but varied interpretations of

events – Focus is on psychological and ethical attributes of characters,

rather than physical and sociological.

The Greek Comedy• Not admitted to Dionysus festival till 487-486 B.C. - late• Unknown origins or influences • Perhaps from improvisations of leaders of phallic songs

or from mime - satirical treatment of domestic situations or burlesqued myths.

• 6 comic dramatists besides AristophanesCalled "Old Comedy"

• Commentary on contemporary society, politics, literature, and Peloponnesian War.

• Based on a "happy idea" - a private peace with a warring power or a sex strike to stop war

• Exaggerated, farcical, sensual pleasures

Our Next Stop..

The Roman World

The Roman Collosseum

The Roman Collosseum

• Built between 70-82 A.D.• The columns of the ground floor are the Doric, the first floor

are Ionic, the second floor are Corinthian and the top of floor are Corinthian pilaster. Columns of the ground floor are the Doric, the first floor are Ionic, the second floor are Corinthian and the top of floor are Corinthian pilaster.

• Started by Emperor Vespasian of the Flavia family, it was opened by his son Titus in 80 A.D.

• For the opening, the arena space was filled with water for one of the most fantastic events held in Roman times, naumachias – real sea battles reproducing great battles of the past.

The Roman Collosseum

• The Colosseum had a total spectator capacity of 45,000-55,000.

• A wooden floor covered subterranean chambers where the gladiators and animals were kept waiting to perform.

• The Colosseum was the Empire's primary stage for gladiatorial combat for nearly 4 centuries. In a show of Rome's wealth and extravagance, during the opening ceremonies in 80 AD, 100 days of the games were held.

• There were no less than 76 numbered entrances and 4 additional entrances reserved for the Emperor, other VIP's and the gladiators.

Our Next Stop..

Byzantium and The World of Islam

Santa Costanza

Santa Costanza• Located in Rome, built in 350 C.E.• It was an imperial mausoleum in that was later dedicated as a

church .• Once part of a larger church, this mausoleum was constructed

for Emperor Constantine’s daughter Constantia.• The building has a circular form in the tradition of Roman

mausoleums.• The central space is articulated by 12 pairs of coupled

Corinthian columns with arches between them, which support the dome lit by 12 clerestory windows.

• The mosaics along the ambulatory are original, although restored.

Santa Costanza

Our Next Stop..

The Middle Ages

Saint-Sernin Basilica

Saint-Sernin Basilica • The Basilica was built to host the remains of Biship

Saturnin of Toulouse .• Construction began in 1080 and finished a mere 400

years later.• Became a stop along the pilgrim route to Santiago

de Compostela in the middle ages.• Many pilgrims still visit the 128 saintly remains that

are housed there.• The largest Romanesque church still standing in

western Europe.

Saint-Sernin Basilica • The stained-glass windows and arches are framed

with white stone, which contrasts softly with the warm bricks of the walls.

• Simple brick and stonework create a light and airy atmosphere inspiring peaceful reflection.

• The Church utilizes a Latin-cross plan with one long arm, as opposed to the Greek-cross plan,which has four arms of equal length.

Saint-Sernin Basilica

Our Next Stop..

The Early and High Renaissance

St. Peter’s Basilica

St. Peter’s Basilica• A major basilica in Vatican City, an enclave of Rome. • Stands on the traditional site where Peter - the apostle who is

considered the first pope - was crucified and buried. • The site of St. Peter's Basilica hosted the Circus of Nero and a

cemetery.• St. Peter was martyred in the Circus and buried nearby.• In 324, Emperor Constantine began construction on a great

basilica over the tomb.• Construction on the current building began under Pope Julius

II in 1506 and was completed in 1615 under Pope Paul V.

St. Peter’s Basilica• Michelangelo, who served as main architect for a while,

designed the dome, and Bernini designed the great St. Peter's Square.

• The St. Peter's basilica was dedicated by pope Urban VIII in 1626.

• It has been the center of Christianity, drawing pilgrims from all over the world.

Our Next Stop..

Northern Renaissance and the Baroque

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

• The current Cathedral – the fourth to occupy this site – was designed by the court architect Sir Christopher Wren.

• Built between 1675 and 1710• Its predecessor was destroyed in the Great Fire

of London.• Important services have included the funerals of

Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill.

• Jean Tijou’s beautiful wrought iron gates of 1700 still separate the quire from the ambulatory.

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

• The 1695 organ which Mendelssohn once played is still in use.

• It is built of Portland stone in a late Renaissance to Baroque style.

• Its impressive dome inspired by St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, rising 108 meters (365 feet to the cross at its summit, i.e., one foot for each day of the year), makes it a famous London landmark.

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

• Its architectural and artistic importance reflect the determination of the five monarchs who oversaw its building that London’s leading church should be as beautiful and imposing as their private palaces.

St. Paul’s Cathedral-London

St. Paul's Cathedral during the bombing of London, December 29, 1940.

Our Next Stop..

The Age of Reason, Neoclassicism and

Romanticism

Charles Garnier's Opera-Paris

Charles Garnier's Opera-Paris

• Built between 1862-1875• One of the largest, most flamboyant, and most

expensive monuments commissioned by the Second Empire of Napoleon III.

• Combines classical Renaissance ideas with lavish ornamentation.

• The ceiling, painted by Chagall and lit by a spectacular crystal chandelier, is a magically evocative and apt work by which Ernest Hemmingway was fascinated.

Charles Garnier's Opera-Paris

• Garnier's opulent style reflected the fashion that became popular during Napoleon III's Second Empire.

• A large building, it has a total area of 118,404 square feet and a vast stage with room for up to 450 artists.

• The opera seats only 2,200.

Charles Garnier's Opera-Paris

Our Final Stop..

The Bourgeoisie and Early Modernism

Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright

• Lived from 1867 to 1959• He was a prolific architect, with close to 500 of

his designs built.• Considered to be the greatest American

architect of the twentieth century.• He coaxed Americans out of their boxlike

houses and into wide-open living spaces .

Frank Lloyd Wright

• His designs went beyond the building to the finest details of the interior space, including furniture, art glass, and other aspects of interior design.

• He wrote several books on architecture, and founded and ran a successful school in the field, training many architects.

Frank Lloyd Wright

The Guggenheim Museum The Robie House

Thank You!!!I would like to thank you taking the tour of My Slightly Bigger than a Mini-Museum. I hope you learned more than you imagined on your small trip.

I really enjoyed this class. I never get a chance to learn about the history of the world. It was fascinating to witness how events and monuments that occurred years ago are still prevalent today. Thank you again for a wonderful class!

-Ryan Gerkey--Curator

Works Cited• http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/the-great-sphinx.html• Instructional Materials- Introduction to Humanities, pg 16• http://innovate.national.edu/myim/IBC/HumanitiesEIM.pdf • http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/sphinx4.htm• http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/Parthenon.html • http://ancient-greece.org/architecture/parthenon.html • http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Greeks/theatre/Theatre.html• http://www.cwu.edu/~robinsos/ppages/resources/Theatre_History/Theahis_2.html• http://novaonline.nv.cc.va.us/eli/spd130et/ancientgreek.htm• http://innovate.national.edu/myim/IBC/HumanitiesEIM.pdf• http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/orion/eng/hst/roma/colloseu.html• http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/colosseum.htm• http://www.unrv.com/culture/colosseum.php• http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Santa_Costanza.html• http://innovate.national.edu/myim/IBC/HumanitiesEIM.pdf• http://toulousetidbits.blogspot.com/2008/08/blood-and-beauty-saint-sernin-basilica.html• http://www.vivatravelguides.com/europe/france/toulouse/toulouse-activities/saint-sernin-basilica• http://innovate.national.edu/myim/IBC/HumanitiesEIM.pdf• http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/rome-st-peters-basilica.htm• http://www.aviewoncities.com/rome/sanpietro.htm• http://www.stpauls.co.uk/Cathedral-History• http://www.sacred-destinations.com/england/london-st-pauls-cathedral.htm• http://mitpressmit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=5730• http://architecture.about.com/od/architectsaz/p/Garnier.htm• http://www.paris.org/Monuments/Opera/• http://www.geocities.com/soho/1469/flw.html• http://innovate.national.edu/myim/IBC/HumanitiesEIM.pdf