Nail DiseasesNail Diseases

Is influenced by nutrition, general health, & disease

Nail DiseasesNail Diseases

Determining the difference between a nail disease and a nail disorder is very important, because they are not the same and require different types of attention.

The Basic Manicure/Pedicure Rule: If the nail or skin is infected, inflamed, broken or swollen, do not work on it--particularly, if the cause is unknown.

Nail DiseasesNail Diseases

A disease or infection will have evidence of pus, inflammation and infection. If an infection is present in the nail, your health advisor should be consulted. Do not manicure/pedicure these nails.

A disorder is a condition caused by an injury or an imbalance in the body.

The condition of one's nails and hair is often an outward manifestation of inward nutrition. What we do to our bodies is one thing; how our bodies respond is often based on the nutrients with which it has been supplied.

Nail disorders and diseasesNail disorders and diseases

Nail disorders and diseases are certainly not the most glamorous portion of your training in cosmetology, but they could be one of the most critical

If the area to be worked on is inflamed, infected, broken, or swollen, it should be referred to a physician

OnychosisOnychosis

Onychosis: any disease, disorder, or condition of the nail.1. To protect yourself and the client nail services should not be performed.

2. If a disease is present, the client must be referred to a physician.

3. If a disorder is present, a nail service may be done with extra care.

4. If a condition is present, nail services can be performed with the proper techniques, products, and nutrition.

OnychosisOnychosis

Determine Onychosis

1. Identify the disease, disorder, or condition.

2. Identify etiology or cause of the disease, disorder, or condition; which could be internally, environmentally or or disease related.

3. Identify the onychosis (diagnosis) and give an outlook (prognosis).

4. Suggest home care products and treatments.

Analyze the HandsAnalyze the Hands

When you are examining the hands and nails there are six signs of infection to look for; pain, swelling, redness, local fever, throbbing, and pus.

If any of these signs are present, you cannot perform services, but instead refer that person to a physician.

Key Point: Any person with a nail disease must be referred to a physician

Key Point: Clients with a nail disorder may receive a service unless infection is present.

Nail GrowthNail Growth

Grows forward, starting at matrix & extending over digit tip

Grows in a variety of shapes

Average growth is 1/8” per month

Grows faster in summer than winter

Children's nails grow faster than adults

Middle finger nail grows fastest

Thumbnail grows slowest Toenails grow slower than

fingernails, but are harder & thicker

Nail MalformationNail Malformation

Disease, injury or infection can affect the formation of the nails

If matrix remains in good condition, a normal nail will be replaced

Replacement normally takes four to six months

Nail DisordersNail Disorders

A condition caused by injury to the nail or disease or imbalance in the body

You must recognize those conditions you can treat & those which must be referred to a physician if the area to be worked on is inflamed,

infected, broken, or swollen, refer to a physician

Nail DisordersNail Disorders

Blue or discolored nails caused by poor blood circulation, a heart

disorder, or topical & oral medications discoloration may indicate the presence of a

systemic disorder clients can benefit from regular manicures w/

polish, artificial tips or wraps

Bruised nailsBruised nails

Caused by a blood clot forming under the nail plate resulting in a dark purplish spot due to injury treat gently, avoid pressure

Eggshell nailsEggshell nails

Noticeably thin, white

nail plate & more flexible than normal Nail separates from nail bed & curves at free edge Caused by improper diet, internal disease,

medication, or nervous disorders Be very careful & gentle as these nails are fragile

& break easily Use fine emery board, no metal pusher

Corrugations ( wavy ridges )Corrugations ( wavy ridges )

Caused by uneven growth of nails usually a result of illness or injury

Carefully buff nails Use ridge filler w/ colored polish to give

smooth look

Furrows ( depressions )Furrows ( depressions )Can run lengthwise orCrosswise

Result from illness, injury to cells or matrix , pregnancy or stress

Fragile

Hangnail or agnailHangnail or agnail Condition where the

cuticle splits around the nail

Caused by dryness of cuticle, cutting off too much cuticle or carelessly removing cuticle tissue

Leukonychia Leukonychia

White spots, whitish discoloration Caused by injury to base of nail Will grow off and not a sign of disease

Melanonychia Melanonychia

Darkening of fingernails or toenails

Black band under or within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge

Melanocytes (pigment cells) within the matrix bed

Onychatrophia Onychatrophia

Atrophy or wasting away of the nail

Nail loses its luster, becomes smaller & sometimes is shed entirely

Injury or disease might account for this nail irregularity

Onychauxis or hypertrophyOnychauxis or hypertrophy

Overgrowth of nail, usually in thickness rather than length Caused by local infection or internal imbalance but can

also be hereditary

Onychophagy Onychophagy

Bitten nails Result of

nervous habit Help client to

overcome this habit by offering frequent manicures

Onychorrhexis Onychorrhexis

Abnormal brittleness with striation (lines) of nail plate

Injury to the finger, careless filing of the nails, vit deficiencies, illness, frequent exposure to strong soap and water and excessive use of cuticle solvents and nail polish removers can cause this disorder

Plicatured nail – “folded nail” Plicatured nail – “folded nail”

Surface of nail is generally flat while one or both of the edges of the plate are folded at an angle of 90 degrees or more down into the soft-tissue nail margins

Result from injury that deforms the matrix bed

Pterygium Pterygium

Forward growth of the eponychium (cuticle), with adherence to the surface of the nail

Usually this disorder is reversible Do not push cuticle back, this will cause

more injury to the tissues

Tile-shapedTile-shaped

Increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate

Caused by an increased curvature of the matrix bed itself

Borders are parallel to each other

Trumpet or pincer nailTrumpet or pincer nail

Disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or cone at the free edge

Nail bed becomes constricted and may be painful

Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosa

• Bacterial infection• Discoloration is actually a bacterial

infection that is naturally occurring bacteria on our skin but can grow out of control and cause an infection under certain conditions

• Caused by the use of implements that are contaminated with bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosaaPseudomonas aeruginosaa

Maybe avoided by strict sanitary precautions

Do no take shortcuts or omit any of the sanitation steps when performing an artificial nail service

Do not perform services for clients who are suspected off having fungus on their nails

Pseudomonas aeruginosaaPseudomonas aeruginosaa

It is easily killed by exposure to air (anaerobic bacteria)

Onychosis Onychosis

Technical term applied to any deformity or disease of the nails

Onychia Onychia

Is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail with formation of pus and shedding of the nail

Improperly disinfected nail implements and bacteria infection can cause this disease

Can be caused by a skin opening that allows entry of bacteria, fungi, or foreign materials

Be careful not to cause an abrasion or opening in the tissues around the nail plate while performing a nail service

Onychocryptosis Onychocryptosis Ingrown nails, affect

fingers or toes Nail grows into the

sides of the tissue around the nail

Do no work on an infected ingrown nail, refer to a physician

Onychogryposis – onychogryphosis Onychogryposis – onychogryphosis

Thickening and increased curvature of the nail Also called “ram’s horn nail” and is usually the

result of injury to the matrix My be hereditary and can also occur as the result

of long-term neglect

Onycholysis Onycholysis

Loosening of the nail without shedding

Usually beginning at the free edge & continuing to the lunula

Associated w/ internal disorder, trauma, infection, nail fungi, and allergy to nail enhancement products, & drug treatments

Onychomadesis Onychomadesis

Separation & falling off of a nail from the nail bed

Most cases, the cause is traced to a localized infection, minor injuries to the matrix bed, or severe systemic illness

Chemotherapy treatments or X-rays treatments for cancer may also cause it

When the nail is removed, a new nail plate will form

Onychophosis Onychophosis

Growth of horny epithelium in the nail bed

Onychophyma Onychophyma

Denotes swelling of the nail

Onychoptosis Onychoptosis

Periodic shedding of one or more nails, in whole or in part

This condition \might follow certain diseases such as syphilis, or can result from fever, trauma, system upsets, or a reaction to prescription drugs

ParonychiaParonychiaor Felon or Felon

Bacterial inflammation of tissues surrounding the nail

Pus, along w/ a gradual thickening & brownish discoloration of nail plate

“Runaround Paronychia” when the infection is around the entire nail

Chronic Paronychia is most often caused by a yeast infection of the soft tissues

Individuals who work in water a lot are prone to this type of infection

Pyogenic granuloma Pyogenic granuloma

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate

Tinea pedis Tinea pedis

Medical term for athlete’s foot or ringworm of the foot

Appear as isolated blisters or in groups can spread over the sole & between the toes, perhaps involving the nail fold & infecting the nail

Fungus infection of the feet is likely to become chronic

Tinea unguium or onychomycosis Tinea unguium or onychomycosis or ringworm of the nailor ringworm of the nail

Tinea Unguium or Onychomycosis Tinea Unguium or Onychomycosis or ringworm of the nailor ringworm of the nail

Ringworm of the nails Common form is whitish patches that can be scraped off

the surface of the nail Second form is long, yellowish streaks within the nail

substance Invades free edge & spreads toward the root Third form, deeper layers of the nail are invaded, causing

the superficial layers to appear irregularly thin

Know your nails……Know your nails……

Many cosmetology professional are interested in nails because of the creative opportunities that can be explored there

As with every other area of cosmetology, the creativity must be rounded in a full awareness of the structure and physiology of the body part with which you are working

Working on good, strong, healthy nails can be a pleasure Working on unhealthy nails can be a danger, both to your

clients and to yourself Begin with the knowledge and grow from there