name: all pressure variables and station models …

NAME: ALL PRESSURE VARIABLES AND STATION MODELSMEGA PACKET

1. A change in the type and location of large high-pressure systems (H) and large low-pressure systems (L) over Asia creates shifts in prevailing winds that cause a rainy summer season and a dry winterseason in southern Asia. Which set of maps below best represents the type and location of pressuresystems and the wind pattern around these pressure systems that cause these seasonal changes?

A)

ALL PRESSURE VARIABLES AND STATION MODELS

B)

C)


D)


Base your answers to questions 2 through 6 on the weather maps below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The weather maps show the eastern United States on two consecutive days. Someisobars are labeled in millibars (mb). Letter X represents a location on Earth's surface on December 8,2009.

A) The isobars were closer together on December 9.B) The fronts were closer together on December 9.C) The air pressure over New York State was lower on December 9.D) The air pressure over New York State was higher on December 9.

2. Which information shown on the weather maps best indicates that wind speeds in New York Statewere greater on December 9 than on December 8?

A) cold B) warm C) stationary D) occluded

3. Which type of front was located just south of New York City on December 9?

A) southwest B) southeast C) northwest D) northeast

4. In which direction did the high-pressure center move from December 8, 2009, to December 9, 2009?


A) B)

C) D)

5. Which map best shows the general surface wind pattern around the high-pressure system on December8?

A) 1016 mb B) 1012 mb C) 1008 mb D) 1004 mb

6. What was the barometric pressure for location X on December 8?


A) Boise B) Denver C) Kansas City D) Austin

7. The map below indicates an air-pressure field over North America. Isobar values are recorded inmillibars.

At which city was the greatest wind speed occurring?


A) B)

C) D)

8. The map below shows air pressures recorded in millibars (mb).

Which map shows the correct location of the 996-mb, 1000-mb, and 1004-mb isobars?

A) 1013.25 mb and 29.92 in of HgB) 29.92 mb and 1013.25 in of HgC) 1012.65 mb and 29.91 in of HgD) 29.91 mb and 1012.65 in of Hg

9. What is the average air pressure exerted by Earth'satmosphere at sea level, expressed in millibars andinches of mercury?


Base your answers to questions 10 through 13 on the weather map below, which shows the locationsof a high-pressure center (H) and a low-pressure center (L) over a portion of North America. Theisolines indicate surface air pressures.


A)

B)

C)

D)

10. The arrows on which map show the most likely path in which these two pressure centers will moveover the next few days?


A)

B)

C)

D)

11. The arrows on which map best show the pattern of surface winds around these two pressure centers?


A)

B)

C)

D)

12. Which map shows the most likely location of clouds associated with these pressure centers?

A) inches B) millibars C) feet D) meters

13. The data used to construct the isolines on this map were recorded in which units?


A) relative humidity B) dewpointC) precipitation D) air pressure

14. Which weather variable generally decreases whenwind speed is increasing, clouds are thickening, andvisibility drops?

Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the weather map below, which represents alow-pressure system over New York State. The L on the map represents the center of thelow-pressure system. Two fronts extend from the center of the low, and are labeled front 1 and front2. Cloud cover has been omitted from the station models.

A) B)

C) D)

15. Which map best represents the type of fronts and direction of movement of these fronts in relation tothe low-pressure center?


A) B)

C) D)

16. The arrows on which map best represent the surface wind pattern around this low-pressure center?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

17. The weather map below shows isobars labeled in millibars. Points A, B, C, and D are locations onEarth's surface.

Which location was probably experiencing the highest wind speed?


A) B)

C) D)

18. Which cross section below best shows the locations of high air pressure and low air pressure near abeach on a hot, sunny, summer afternoon?

A) 4-millibar air-pressure difference between two nearby locationsB) 4-millibar air-pressure difference between two distant locationsC) 20-millibar air-pressure difference between two nearby locationsD) 20-millibar air-pressure difference between two distant locations

19. The highest surface wind speeds occur when there is a

A) dewpoint B) wind speedC) air pressure D) visibility

20. Which weather variable is measured by a barometer?

A) cool and humid B) cool and dryC) warm and humid D) warm and dry

21. Air pressure is usually highest when the air is

A) wind speed B) air pressureC) cloud cover D) relative humidity

22. Which weather variable would most likely decrease ahead of an approaching storm system?


A)

B)

C)

D)

23. Which graph best represents the change in airpressure as air temperature increases at Earth'ssurface?


A) B)

C) D)

24. Adjacent water and landmasses are heated by the morning Sun on a clear, calm day. After a fewhours, a surface wind develops. Which map best represents this wind's direction?

A) wind direction B) air pressureC) wind speed D) amount of rainfall

25. An instrument used to measure a weather variable isshown below.

Which weather variable is measured by thisinstrument? A) 994 mb B) 1005 mb

C) 1013 mb D) 1017 mb

26. The cross section below shows a sea breeze blowingfrom the ocean toward the land. The air pressure atthe land surface is 1013 millibars.

The air pressure at the ocean surface a few milesfrom the shore is most likely

A) 29.88 B) 30.15C) 30.25 D) 30.50

27. A barometric pressure of 1021.0 millibars is equal tohow many inches of mercury?

A) air temperature toward regions of lower airtemperature

B) air pressure toward regions of lower airpressure

C) latitudes toward regions of lower latitudesD) elevations toward regions of lower elevations

28. Earth’s surface winds generally blow from regionsof higher


A) low-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwiseB) low-pressure funnel clouds that spin

counterclockwiseC) high-pressure funnel clouds that spin clockwiseD) high-pressure funnel clouds that spin

counterclockwise

29. In the United States, most tornadoes are classified asintense

A) visibility changesB) amount of cloud coverC) air-pressure gradientD) dewpoint differences

30. Which weather condition most directly determineswind speeds at Earth’s surface?

Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the weather map below, which shows a low-pressure system centered near Poughkeepsie, New York.Isobars shown are measured in millibars.

A) Danbury toward New York City B) Poughkeepsie toward ScrantonC) Binghamton toward Danbury D) Port Jervis toward Binghamton

31. Surface winds are most likely blowing from

A) New York City B) Binghamton C) Poughkeepsie D) Scranton

32. Which city is most likely experiencing winds of the greatest velocity?


A) 1009.0 mb B) 1012.5 mbC) 1015.5 mb D) 1029.9 mb

33. The diagram below represents an aneroid barometerthat shows the air pressure, in inches of mercury.

When converted to millibars, this air pressure isequal to

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

34. The table below shows air-pressure readings taken attwo cities, in the same region of the United States, atnoon on four different days.

The wind speed in the region between cities A and Bwas probably the greatest at noon on day

A) 914.6 mb of pressure and smogB) 914.6 mb of pressure and a clear skyC) 1014.6 mb of pressure and smogD) 1014.6 mb of pressure and a clear sky

35. Various weather conditions at LAX Airport in LosAngeles are shown on the station model below.

What were the barometric pressure and weatherconditions at the airport at the time of theobservation?


Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the map below, which shows sea-level air pressure, inmillibars, for a portion of the eastern coast of North America. Points A, B, C, and D are sea-levellocations on Earth's surface.

A) 1014 mb B) 1012 mb C) 1010 mb D) 1006 mb

36. The air pressure recorded at point D was most likely

A) thermometer B) wind vaneC) sling psychrometer D) barometer

37. Which weather instrument was used to measure the air pressures?

A) air density due to unequal heating of Earth’ssurface

B) ocean wave heights during the tidal cycleC) rotational speeds of Earth’s surface at various

latitudesD) distances from the Sun during the year

38. Surface winds on Earth are primarily caused bydifferences in


A) A and B B) B and CC) C and D D) D and E

39. The air-pressure field map below represents ahigh-pressure system over the central United States.Isobars show the air pressure, in millibars. Letters A through E represent locations on Earth's surface.

Between which two locations is the wind speedgreatest?

Base your answers to questions 40 and 41 on theweather map below. Points A, B, C, and D arelocations on Earth's surface.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

40. The strongest winds are closest to location

A) density B) humidityC) pressure D) temperature

41. The isolines on the map represent values of air

A) uneven heating of Earth's atmosphereB) absorption of ultraviolet radiation by Earth's

landmassesC) radiation of heat from Earth's landmasses to

water bodiesD) rotation of Earth on its axis

42. Wind is caused mainly by air-pressure differencesthat result from

A) air temperature B) air pressureC) relative humidity D) elevation

43. The cartoon below shows a strong wind blowingfrom right to left.

The wind is blowing from right to left because theregion to the right has a higher

A) decrease B) increaseC) remain the same

44. As warm, moist air moves into a region, barometricpressure readings in the region will generally

A) warm and humid B) warm and dryC) cold and humid D) cold and dry

45. Air pressure is usually highest when the air is


A) B)

C) D)

46. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween air temperature and air density in theatmosphere?

Base your answers to questions 47 and 48 on thediagram below of a weather instrument.

A) cold, dry air with clear skiesB) warm, moist air with overcast skiesC) strong southerly winds with hail warningsD) a violent storm associated with the autumn

season

47. In Connecticut, which weather conditions are mostlikely to exist when the height of the mercury in thetube is much greater than 30 inches?

A) visibilityB) relative humidityC) dewpoint temperatureD) air pressure

48. Which weather variable is this instrument designedto measure?

A) cool, wet weatherB) cool, dry weatherC) warm, wet weatherD) warm, dry weather

49. A high-pressure center is generally characterized by

A)

B)

C)

D)

50. The graph below shows air temperature for an areanear the Earth's surface during a 12-hour period.

Which graph best illustrates the probable change inair pressure during the same time period?

A) air pressureB) Coriolis forceC) dewpoint temperatureD) cloud cover

51. Which factor most directly affects the wind speedbetween two locations?


52. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below. The diagram shows the pattern of airmovement within a closed room.

A) A B) B C) E D) F

If the room is considered a model of circulation inthe Earth's atmosphere, at which location would airpressure be greatest?

A) 29.58 B) 29.62C) 29.68 D) 29.72

53. An air pressure of 1,005 millibars is equivalent toapproximately how many inches of mercury?

A) dry air B) strong windsC) low temperatures D) low visibility

54. A weather map of New York State shows isobarsthat are close together, indicating a steep pressuregradient. Which weather condition is most likelypresent?

A) an approaching stormB) rapidly clearing skiesC) continuing fair weatherD) gradually improving conditions

55. On a July afternoon in Florida, the barometricpressure is 29.85 inches and falling. This readingmost likely indicates

A) 996 mb B) 998 mbC) 1,002 mb D) 1,014 mb

56. An air pressure of 29.47 inches of mercury is equalto

57. Base your answer to the following question on thedata table below, which shows the air pressures andair temperatures collected by nine observers atdifferent elevations on the same side of a highmountain. The data were collected at 12:00 noon ona clear, calm day.

A) 1.0 mb/m B) 0.1 mb/mC) 10.0 mb/m D) 100.0 mb/m

From sea level to an elevation of 1,200 meters, airpressure decreased at the rate of

A) a high wind velocityB) a high temperatureC) the passage of a dry air massD) the passage of a warm air mass

58. The weather map below shows closely spacedisobars in the region of Albany, New York.

At the time that the weather data were collected,Albany was most probably experiencing


A) gradient of the air pressure fieldB) value of the Coriolis effectC) moisture content of the airD) rotational velocity of the Earth

59. Wind velocity is most directly dependent on the

A) B)

C) D)

60. A change in the type and location of large high-pressure systems (H) and large low-pressure systems(L) over Asia creates shifts in prevailing winds that cause a rainy summer season and a dry winterseason in southern Asia. Which set of maps below best represents the type and location of pressuresystems and the wind pattern around these pressure systems that cause these seasonal changes?


61. As wind velocity decreases, the distance betweenisobars on a weather map will


62. As the temperature of the atmosphere at a givenlocation increases, the air pressure will most likely


A) north B) south C) east D) west

63. The diagram below shows the isolines of air pressurearound a low-pressure center. On which side of thelow-pressure center will the wind speed be greatest?

A) Monday B) TuesdayC) Wednesday D) Friday

64. The graph below shows the surface air pressure at acertain city during a five-day period. On which daywas the warmest airmass probably over the city forthe entire day?

A) Warm, moist air is moving into the area.B) Warm, dry air is moving into the area.C) Cold, dry air is moving into the area.D) A cold front has just passed through this area.

65. In a certain area the air temperature and thedewpoint temperature are approaching the samevalue. The air pressure is decreasing and the cloudcover is increasing. What atmospheric change ismost likely occurring in this area?

A) Warm, moist air flows from India to the IndianOcean.

B) Warm, moist air flows from the IndianOcean to India.

C) Cold, dry air flows from India to the IndianOcean.

D) Cold, dry air flows from the Indian Ocean toIndia.

66. The map below shows the location of India and theIndian Ocean.

Which statement best describes the monsoon windsduring the rainy season in India?

A)

B)

C)

D)

67. Which map best represents the surface wind patternaround Northern Hemisphere high-pressure andlow-pressure centers?


A) Falkland Current B) Peru CurrentC) Benguela Current D) Brazil Current

68. Which current has a cooling effect on the climate ofthe west coast of South America?

A) wind speed B) wind directionC) air pressure D) relative humidity

69. The diagram below shows a weather instrumentfound at most weather stations.

The main function of this instrument is to measurewhich weather variable?

A) clockwise and away from the centerB) clockwise and toward the centerC) counterclockwise and away from the centerD) counterclockwise and toward the center

70. A low-pressure system in the Northern Hemispherehas a surface air-circulation pattern that is


A)

B)

C)

D)

71. Which map best represents the surface wind pattern associated with high-pressure and low-pressuresystems in the Northern Hemisphere?


A)

B)

C)

D)

72. Which map best represents the surface wind patternaround a Northern Hemisphere high-pressure center?


73. Base your answer to the following question on the water cycle diagram shown below. Some arrowsare numbered 1 through 4 and represent various processes.

A) high air temperature over the sea and low air temperature over the landB) high air pressure over the sea and low air pressure over the landC) low air density over the sea and high air density over the landD) low visibility over the sea and high visibility over the land

Which atmospheric condition is most likely responsible for the wind blowing the clouds from the seatoward the land?

A) counterclockwise away from the high-pressurecenter

B) counterclockwise toward the high-pressurecenter

C) clockwise away from the high-pressurecenter

D) clockwise toward the high-pressure center

74. The surface winds in a typical Northern Hemispherehigh-pressure system are generally moving


A)

B)

C)

D)

75. Which map view best represents the pattern of isobarvalues, in millibars, and the pattern of wind flow,shown by arrows, at Earth's surface surrounding aNorthern Hemisphere low-pressure center?


76. Which map best represents the direction of surface winds associated with the high-pressure andlow-pressure systems?

A)

B)

C)


D)

A) Summer is cooler and less humid than winter.B) Summer is warmer and more humid than winter.C) Winter is warmer and less humid than summer.D) Winter is cooler and more humid than summer.

77. The arrows on the two maps below show how the monsoon winds over India change direction withthe seasons.

How do these winds affect India's weather in summer and winter?


A)

B)

C)

D)

78. Adjacent land and ocean surfaces have the same temperature at sunrise on a clear, calm, summer day.Then the land and water are heated by the Sun for several hours. Which cross section shows the mostlikely direction of surface winds that will develop at this ocean shore?

A) B)

C) D)

79. Which map view best shows the movement ofsurface air around a low-pressure system in theNorthern Hemisphere?

A) counterclockwise, toward the center of thelow

B) clockwise, toward the center of the lowC) counterclockwise, away from the center of the

lowD) clockwise, away from the center of the low

80. In which direction do surface winds aroundlowpressure centers in the Northern Hemispheregenerally move?


A) a dense-fog warningB) a high-wind advisoryC) a heat-index warningD) an air-pollution advisory

81. On a certain day, the isobars on a weather map arevery close together over eastern Kentucky. To makethe people of this area aware of possible risk to lifeand property in this situation, the National WeatherService should issue

A) B)

C) D)

82. Which diagram best illustrates a map view of themotion of lower level winds in a NorthernHemisphere hurricane?

A) clockwise and toward the centerB) clockwise and away from the centerC) counterclockwise and toward the centerD) counterclockwise and away from the center

83. In the Northern Hemisphere, in which direction doessurface wind circulate in a high-pressure air mass?

A) dry and cool with low densityB) moist and hot with low densityC) moist and cool with high densityD) dry and hot with high density

84. The air over the Equator generally rises because theair is

A) B)

C) D)

85. Winds are blowing from high-pressure tolow-pressure systems over identical oceansurfaces.Which diagram represents the area ofgreatest windspeed? [Arrows indicate winddirection.]

A) clockwise and toward the centerB) clockwise and away from the centerC) counterclockwise and toward the centerD) counterclockwise and away from the center

86. In the Northern Hemisphere, in which direction doessurface wind circulate in a high-pressure air mass?

A) counterclockwise and outward from the centerB) counterclockwise and toward the centerC) clockwise and outward from the centerD) clockwise and toward the center

87. In the Northern Hemisphere, what is the direction ofsurface wind circulation in a low-pressure system?

A)

B)

C)

D)

88. Which map correctly shows the wind directions ofthe high-pressure and low-pressure systems?


A) B)

C) D)

89. Which diagram below best represents the aircirculation around a Northern Hemispherelow-pressure center?

A) North Atlantic OceanB) Gulf of MexicoC) central CanadaD) central Mexico

90. Which area is the most common source region forcold, dry air masses that move over New YorkState?

91. Base your answer to the following question on theimage below.

Locations A and B on the map of North Americabelow are source regions for air masses.

A) cooler and drierB) cooler and wetterC) warmer and drierD) warmer and wetter

Compared to the air mass formed at location B, theair mass formed at location A will normally be

A) warm, moist, and risingB) warm, dry, and risingC) cool, moist, and sinkingD) cool, dry, and sinking

92. Most of the air in the lower troposphere at theequatorial low-pressure belt is

A) maritime polarB) maritime tropicalC) continental polarD) continental tropical

93. Which air mass is associated with low relativehumidity and high air temperature?

A) cool water B) cool landC) warm water D) warm land

94. An air mass classified as cT usually forms overwhich type of Earth surface?


95. Which map shows the two correctly labeled air masses that frequently converge in the central plainsto cause tornadoes?

A)

B)


C)

D)

A) rate of Earth’s rotationB) direction of Earth’s surface windsC) source region where the air mass formedD) path the air mass follows along a land surface

96. The properties of an air mass are mostly determinedby the

A) southwestern United StatesB) central CanadaC) the north Pacific OceanD) the Gulf of Mexico

97. Which geographic area is a common source regionfor cP air masses that move into New Jersey?


A) A — cT, B — cP, C — mP, D — mT B) A — cP, B — mP, C — mT, D — cTC) A — mP, B — mT, C — cT, D — cP D) A — mT, B — cT, C — cP, D — mP

98. The graph below shows changes in the atmosphere occurring above typical air-mass source regions A, B, C, and D. Changes in air temperature and altitude are shown as the graphed lines. Changes inwater-vapor content, in grams of vapor per kilogram of air, are shown as numbers on each graphedline.

Which list best identifies each air-mass source region?

A) warm land B) warm oceanC) cool land D) cool ocean

99. An air mass classified as mP usually forms overwhich type of Earth surface?

A) continental tropicalB) continental polarC) maritime tropicalD) maritime polar

100. An Earth science student observed the followingweather conditions in Albany, New York, for 2days: The first day was warm and humid withsoutherly winds. The second day, the temperaturewas 15 degrees cooler, the relative humidity haddecreased, and wind direction was northwest.Which type of air mass most likely had moved intothe area on the second day?


101. Base your answer to the following question on theweather map of North America below. The mapshows the location of a front and the air massinfluencing its movement.

A) central CanadaB) southwestern United StatesC) North Atlantic OceanD) Gulf of Mexico

Which region is the probable source of the air masslabeled cP on the map?

A) cP is from the North Atlantic Ocean and mT isfrom the deserts of the southwestern UnitedStates.

B) cP is from northern Canada and mT is fromthe deserts of the southwestern United States.

C) cP is from northern Canada and mT isfrom the Gulf of Mexico.

D) cP is from the North Atlantic Ocean and mT isfrom the Gulf of Mexico.

102. In Connecticut, dry, cool air masses (cP) ofteninteract with moist, warm air masses (mT). Whichstatement correctly matches each air mass with itsusual geographic source region?

A) cool land B) cool waterC) warm land D) warm water

103. An air mass classified as mT usually forms overwhich type of Earth surface?


104. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weathersystem that is affecting part of the United States.

A) warmer and more humid B) warmer and drierC) colder and more humid D) colder and drier

Compared to the air over most of the map region, the air mass centered over Alabama is

A) warm and dry B) warm and moistC) cold and dry D) cold and moist

105. An airmass originating over north central Canadawould most likely be

A) mP B) mT C) cP D) cT

106. An air mass that originates over the northernPacific Ocean and moves southward over theUnited States would most likely be labeled on aweather map as

A) Central CanadaB) Central MexicoC) Gulf of MexicoD) North Pacific Ocean

107. In which geographic region are air masses mostoften warm with a high moisture content?

A) mT B) mP C) cT D) cP

108. Which symbol would be used to identify an airmassoriginating in central Canada?

A) northwestern B) northeasternC) southwestern D) southeastern

109. A large rainstorm follows the usual direction ofmovement of a weather system across the UnitedStates. Which part of New York State will receiverain from the storm first?

A) cooler and contains less moistureB) cooler and contains more moistureC) warmer and contains less moistureD) warmer and contains more moisture

110. Compared to a maritime tropical air mass, acontinental polar air mass is



111. Locations A and B on the map of North Americabelow are source regions for air masses.

Compared to the air mass formed at location B, theair mass formed at location A will normally be

A) lake-effect snowstormB) tornadoC) warm, sunny weatherD) hurricane

112. In winter, a cold, dry air mass from Canada movesacross Lake Ontario. The air over the lake iswarmer and more humid than the air over the land.Which weather condition is most likely to occur asthe air mass reaches Oswego?

A) cP B) cT C) mT D) mP

113. Which abbreviation indicates a warm air mass thatcontains large amounts of water vapor?

A) cP B) mP C) cT D) mT

114. An airmass originates with its center located at 25°N and 90° W.

Based on the map, this air mass would be classifiedas

A) northern Atlantic OceanB) central part of CanadaC) Gulf of MexicoD) Pacific Northwest

115. The weather map below shows a frontal system thathas followed a typical storm track.

The air mass located over point X most likelyoriginated over the


A) North Atlantic OceanB) Gulf of MexicoC) central CanadaD) central Mexico

116. Which area is the most common source region forcold, dry air masses that move over New YorkState?

A) central MexicoB) the Gulf of MexicoC) northern CanadaD) the North Pacific Ocean

117. An mP air mass is located over the northwesternpart of the United States. The source region of thisair mass is most likely

A) mP B) mT C) cP D) cT

118. On a weather map, an airmass that is very warmand dry would be labeled

A) continental polarB) continental tropicalC) maritime polarD) maritime tropical

119. An air mass originating over the North PacificOcean would most likely be

A) wind speed within the airmassB) characteristics of the surface over which

the airmass was formedC) size of the airmassD) rotation of the Earth

120. The properties of an airmass depend mainly on the


A) B)

C) D)

121. The map below shows a position of the polar jet stream over North America in January.

Which map best shows the air-mass movements associated with this jet stream position?


A) B)

C) D)

122. Which weather instrument is used to determine wind direction?

A) east to west B) west to eastC) north to south D) south to north

123. Jet stream winds over the United States generallymove from

A) B)

C) D)

124. Which map shows normal paths followed by low-pressure storm centers as they pass across theUnited States?


Base your answers to questions 125 through 128 on the weather map below, which shows a low-pressure system over the central United States. Isobarsare labeled in millibars. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations on Earth's surface.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

125. Which location is most likely experiencing the fastest wind speed?

A) 991 mb B) 994 mb C) 997 mb D) 1001 mb

126. The air pressure at the center of this low is

A) clockwise and toward the center of the lowB) clockwise and away from the center of the lowC) counterclockwise and toward the center of the lowD) counterclockwise and away from the center of the low

127. The circulation of surface winds associated with this low-pressure system is


128. Which map shows the most likely path this low-pressure center will follow during the next 12hours?

A)

B)

C)


D)

A) southeast B) southwestC) northeast D) northwest

129. If a low-pressure system follows a typical stormtrack across New York State, it will move towardthe

130. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The weather map shows a typical low-pressure system and associated weather frontslabeled A and B. The L indicates the center of the low-pressure system. A few New York Statecities are shown. Symbols cP and mT represent different air masses. The wind direction at Utica andRochester is shown on the station models.

A) Buffalo B) Ithaca C) Utica D) Plattsburgh

If this weather system is following a normal storm track, the center of this low is most likely movingtoward which city?


131. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below. The map shows a low-pressure system and some atmospheric conditions atweather stations A, B, and C.

A) northeast B) northwest C) southeast D) southwest

If this weather system follows a normal storm track, the low-pressure center (L) will generally movetoward the

A) B)

C) D)

132. In which map does the arrow show the generaldirection that most low-pressure storm systemsmove across New York State?


A) 15 B) 25 C) 35 D) 45

133. The map below shows the average number ofthunderstorms each year in the continental UnitedStates.

The average number of thunderstorms that occureach year in Albany, New York is approximately


Base your answers to questions 134 through 138 on the weather map and barogram below. Theweather map shows a hurricane that was located over southern Florida. The isobars show air pressurein inches of mercury. Letter A represents a point near the west coast of Florida. The barogram showsthe recorded air pressure in inches of mercury as the hurricane passed near Miami, Florida.


A) B)

C) D)

134. Which map shows the most likely track of this hurricane?

A) cP B) cT C) mP D) mT

135. Which type of air mass would most likely be the source of the moisture that causes the strong windsand heavy rain associated with this hurricane ?

A) B) C) D)

136. Which station model best represents the weather conditions at point A?

A) 27.30 in B) 27.60 in C) 27.75 in D) 28.60 in

137. What was the lowest air pressure recorded on the barogram as the hurricane passed near Miami?

A) 26° N 81° W B) 26° N 89° W C) 34° N 81° W D) 34° N 89° W

138. What is the latitude and longitude at the center of the hurricane?


A) southeast B) northeastC) southwest D) northwest

139. The map below shows a low-pressure systemlocated over an area in the south-central UnitedStates.

In the next few days, because of the prevailingwinds, the air mass will probably move toward the

A) B)

C) D)

140. Which station model represents a location that hasthe greatest chance of precipitation?

A) southeast at 10 knotsB) northwest at 10 knotsC) southeast at 20 knotsD) northwest at 20 knots

141. The weather station model shown below indicatedthat winds are coming from the

A) B)

C) D)

142. The station model below shows some weatherconditions at a location on Earth's surface.

Which present weather symbol represents the mostlikely type of precipitation occurring at thislocation?


A) B) C) D)

143. Which station model shows an air temperature of 75°F and a barometric pressure of 996.3 mb?

A) 15 knots, measured by a wind vaneB) 15 knots, measured by an anemometerC) 25 knots, measured by a wind vaneD) 25 knots, measured by an anemometer

144. The weather station model below shows some ofthe weather data for a certain location.

What is the wind speed shown on the station modeland which instrument is used to measure the windspeed?

A) B)

C) D)

145. A weather station model is shown below.

Which information shown on the station model ismost closely associated with measurements froman anemometer?

A) B)

C) D)

146. Liquid water sometimes turns into ice when itcomes in contact with Earth's surface. Whichpresent weather symbol on a station modelrepresents this type of precipitation?


A) B)

C) D)

147. Which set of instruments is correctly paired with the weather variables that they measure?

A) 32°F B) 40°F C) 61°F D) 70°F

148. The station model below shows several weathervariables recorded at a particular location.

What was the most likely dewpoint at thislocation?

A)

B)

C)

D)

149. Which station model shows a wind direction fromthe southeast?


150. Weather station models for three New York State cities on the same day at the same time are shownbelow.

Which map shows the front that was most likely passing through Rochester at that time?

A)

B)


C)

D)


Base your answers to questions 151 through 154 on the weather map below. The map shows isobarsand seven weather station models. Four of the weather stations are identified by letters A, B, C, and D.

A) 34 B) C) D) 138

151. Which weather information shown at station B was measured with an anemometer and weathervane?

A) 1015.0 mb B) 1017.0 mb C) 102l.0 mb D) 1036.0 mb

152. What was the probable air pressure, in millibars, at station D?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

153. Which weather station had the highest relative humidity?

A) Albany B) BuffaloC) New York City D) Syracuse

154. Which New York State weather station had clear skies?


A) 72°F and wind from the northeastB) 72°F and wind from the southeastC) 74°F and wind from the northwestD) 74°F and wind from the southwest

155. What are the dewpoint and wind direction shownon the station model below?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

156. Weather data is normally recorded at positions A, B, C, and D on the weather station model shownbelow.

At which position should the measurements from arain gauge be recorded?

Base your answers to questions 157 through 159 on on the station models below, which show variousweather conditions recorded at the same time on the same day at four different cities.

A) B) C) D)

157. Which weather symbol best represents the type of precipitation that was most likely occurring inUtica?

A) Chicago B) Detroit C) Buffalo D) Utica

158. Which city had the lowest relative humidity?

A) 15 knots B) 25 knots C) 35 knots D) 45 knots

159. Which wind speed was recorded at Detroit?


Base your answers to questions 160 through 162 on the weather map below, which shows alow-pressure system over the eastern United States. Letters A through D represent weather stations.

A) toward the center in a clockwise patternB) toward the center in a counterclockwise patternC) away from the center in a clockwise patternD) away from the center in a counterclockwise pattern

160. Surface winds within this low-pressure system most likely are flowing

A) barometer B) thermometer C) psychrometer D) anemometer

161. Which weather instrument was used to measure wind speed at station D?

A) B)

C) D)

162. Which station model correctly represents the barometric pressure at station A?

A) B) C) D)

163. On which station model would the present weather symbol * most likely be found?


A) B)

C) D)

164. Which station model correctly represents the weather conditions in an area that is experiencingwinds from the northeast at 25 knots and has had a steady drop in barometric pressure of 2.7millibars during the last three hours?

A) 0.029 mb B) 902.9 mbC) 1002.9 mb D) 1029.0 mb

165. A weather station model is shown below.

What is the barometric pressure indicated by thisstation model?

166. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows air temperature,dewpoint, and present weather conditions for a 23-hour period at Dallas, Texas.

A) fog B) rain C) thunderstorm D) drizzle

Which weather condition was reported at Dallas when the air temperature was equal to thedewpoint?


A) B)

C) D)

167. Which station model shows the correct form for indicating a northwest wind at 25 knots and an airpressure of 1023.7 mb?

A)

B)

C)

D)

168. Which weather-station model shows an air pressureof 993.4 millibars?

A) B)

C) D)

169. Which weather station model shows the highestrelative humidity?


A) 997.1 mb B) 999.7 mbC) 1003.3 mb D) 1009.1 mb

170. The station model below shows the weatherconditions at Houston, Texas, at 9 a.m. on aparticular day in June.

What was the barometric pressure at Houston 3hours earlier on that day?

A) 10 B) 28 C) 38 D) 57

171. What is the visibility, in miles, shown on the stationmodel below?

A) 900.6 mb B) 960.0 mbC) 1000.6 mb D) 1006.0 mb

172. What is the air pressure indicated on the weatherstation model shown below?

A) B)

C) D)

173. Which station model represents a location that iscurrently receiving some form of precipitation?


174. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a hurricane thatwas located over southern Florida. The isobars show air pressure in inches of mercury. Letters A through D represent four widely separated locations.

A) B)

C) D)

Which station model best represents some of the atmospheric conditions at location A?


A)

B)

C)

D)

175. Which station model correctly shows the weatherconditions of a thunderstorm with heavy rain?

A) B)

C) D)

176. Which weather station model indicates the greatestprobability of precipitation?

A) B)

C) D)

177. Which weather station model indicates the highestrelative humidity?

A) B)

C)

D)

178. At which weather station is visibility greatest?

A) B)

C) D)

179. Which weather station model represents a locationwhere a thunderstorm is occurring?


A)

B)

C)

D)

180. Which weather station model represents thelocation with the greatest probability ofprecipitation?

A) B)

C) D)

181. Which station model represents an atmosphericpressure of 1,009.2 millibars and a temperature of75°F?

A) B)

C) D)

182. Which station model represents a location that hasthe greatest chance of precipitation?

A) B)

C) D)

183. A weather station records a barometric pressure of1013.2 millibars. Which diagram below would bestrepresent this weather station on a weather map?


A) warmer and drier B) warmer and more moistC) cooler and drier D) cooler and more moist

184. The cross section below represents a prevailing wind flow that causes different climates on thewindward and leeward sides of a mountain range.

Compared to the temperature and moisture of the air rising on the windward side, the temperatureand moisture of the air descending at the same altitude on the leeward side will be

A) A B) B C) C D) D

185. The cross section below represents prevailingwinds moving over a coastal mountain range.Letters A through D represent locations on Earth'ssurface.

Which location will most likely have the leastannual precipitation?


A) lower temperatures and less precipitationB) lower temperatures and more precipitationC) higher temperatures and less precipitationD) higher temperatures and more precipitation

186. The cross section below shows two cities, A and B at different elevations.

Compared to the yearly temperature and precipitation at city B, city A most likely has

A) B)

C) D)

187. The diagram below shows the flow of air over a mountain, from location A to B to C.

Which graph best shows how the air temperature and probability of precipitation change during thisair movement?


A) drier and warmerB) drier and coolerC) more humid and warmerD) more humid and cooler

188. The diagram below shows air movement over amountain.

Compared to the climate on the windward side ofthe mountain, the climate on the leeward side of themountain is

Base your answers to questions 189 and 190 on the diagram below, which shows air movement overa mountain range. The arrows indicate the direction of airflow. Points 1 through 3 represent locationson Earth's surface.

A) expanding, and cooling B) expanding, and warmingC) compressing, and cooling D) compressing, and warming

189. Cloud formation at location 2 is the direct result of air that is rising,

A) cooler and drier B) cooler and wetterC) warmer and drier D) warmer and wetter

190. Compared to the climate at location 1, the climate at location 3 is



191. The cross section below shows the direction of airflowing over a mountain. Points A and B are at thesame elevation on opposite sides of the mountain.

Compared to the air temperature and humidity atpoint A, the air temperature and humidity at point B are usually

A) rises and cools B) rises and warmsC) sinks and cools D) sinks and warms

192. The diagram below shows how prevailing windscause different weather conditions on the windwardand leeward sides of a mountain range.

Clouds usually form on the windward sides ofmountains because this is where air

A) Location A is warmer and drier than location B.

B) Location A is cooler and wetter thanlocation B.

C) Location B is warmer and wetter than locationA.

D) Location B is cooler and drier than location A.

193. The arrows on the cross section below show theprevailing wind that flows over a mountain. Points A and B represent locations on opposite sides of themountain.

Which statement correctly describes the differencesin the climates of locations A and B?

A) warmer and wetterB) warmer and drierC) cooler and wetterD) cooler and drier

194. The arrows in the cross section below show theprevailing winds moving across northern NewYork State into Vermont during the summer.

Compared to the climate of location A, the climateof location B is



195. The diagram below shows wind flowing over amountain range.

As the wind flows down the leeward side of themountain range, the air becomes

A) on the leeward side, in a mP air massB) on the leeward side, in a cT air massC) on the windward side, in a mT air massD) on the windward side, in a cP air mass

196. The cross section below shows the flow of windsover a mountain ridge.

The heaviest rainfall would most likely occur onwhich side of this mountain and in which type ofair mass?

A) cooler and wetterB) cooler and drierC) warmer and wetterD) warmer and drier

197. The cross section below shows the prevailing windsthat cause different climates on the windward andleeward sides of this mountain range.

Compared to the climate conditions on the leewardside of this mountain range, the conditions on thewindward side are usually


198. Which diagram best illustrates how air rising over a mountain produces precipitation?

A)

B)


C)

D)


A) A B) B C) C D) D

199. The map below shows the location of four cities, A,B, C, and D, in the western United States whereprevailing winds are from the southwest.

Which city most likely receives the least amount ofaverage yearly precipitation?

A) Rising air compresses and cools, causing thewater droplets to evaporate.

B) Rising air compresses and warms, causing thewater vapor to condense.

C) Rising air expands and cools, causing thewater vapor to condense.

D) Rising air expands and warms, causing thewater droplets to evaporate.

200. The cross section below shows how prevailingwinds have caused different climates on thewindward and leeward sides of a mountain range.

Why does the windward side of this mountain havea wet climate?


Base your answers to questions 201 and 202 on thediagram of a mountain shown below. The arrowsrepresent the direction of airflow over the mountain.

A) warmer and less humidB) warmer and more humidC) cooler and less humidD) cooler and more humid

201. Compared to the temperature and humidityconditions at location A, the conditions at location B are

A) compresses and warmsB) compresses and coolsC) expands and warmsD) expands and cools

202. As the air moves up the windward side of themountain, the air

A) compresses and warmsB) compresses and coolsC) expands and warmsD) expands and cools

203. A desert often forms on the leeward side of amountain range, as shown in the cross sectionbelow.

After most of the moisture is removed from the airon the windward side, deserts form on the leewardside because the sinking air

A) These locations are on the leeward side ofmountain ranges.

B) These locations are on the windward side ofmountain ranges.

C) These locations receive more insolation thanthe other locations.

D) These locations receive less insolation thanthe other locations.

204. The diagram below shows the average yearlyprecipitation, in centimeters, at locations A through E across the State of Washington. Arrows indicatethe direction of prevailing winds.

Which statement best explains why location B andlocation E receive relatively low average yearlyprecipitation?


A) expansion of rising airB) compression of rising airC) precipitation from cloudsD) evaporation from clouds

205. The diagram below shows the flow of planetarywinds over a mountain ridge.

As air rises on the windward side of the mountainridge, the air's temperature decreases. Whichprocess usually causes this temperature decrease?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

206. The cross section below shows the flow ofprevailing winds over a mountain ridge.

Which location is most likely to receiveprecipitation?

A) Sinking air compresses and cools.B) Sinking air expands and cools.C) Rising air compresses and cools.D) Rising air expands and cools.

207. The cross section below shows several locations inthe State of Washington and the annualprecipitation at each location. The arrows representthe prevailing wind direction.

Why do the windward sides of these mountainranges receive more precipitation than theleeward sides?

A) Water vapor is condensing.B) Moisture is evaporating.C) Cold air rises and compresses.D) Warm air sinks and expands.

208. Which statement best explains why a cloud isforming as shown in the diagram below?

A) decrease due to expansionB) decrease due to compressionC) increase due to expansionD) increase due to compression

209. As a parcel of air rises, its temperature will


A) Seattle – hot and drySpokane – cool and humid

B) Seattle – hot and humidSpokane – cool and dry

C) Seattle – cool and humidSpokane – warm and dry

D) Seattle – cool and drySpokane – warm and humid

210. The diagram below shows the positions of the citiesof Seattle and Spokane, Washington. Both citiesare located at approximately 48 North latitude, andthey are separated by the Cascade Mountains.

How does the climate of Seattle compare with theclimate of Spokane?

A)

B)

C)

D)

211. The diagram below shows the flow of air over amountain from point A to point C. Which graphbest shows the approximate temperature change ofthe rising and descending air due to the adiabaticprocess?


212. As a sample of very moist air rises from sea level toa higher altitude, the probability of condensationoccurring in that air sample will


A) has a high densityB) contains condensation nucleiC) is risingD) is low in humidity

213. Precipitation often occurs along a frontal surfacebecause the air along a frontal surface

A) 30° N to 60° N B) 0° to 30° NC) 0° to 30° S D) 30° S to 60° S

214. In which planetary wind belt do most storms movetoward the northeast?

215. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the position of the jetstream relative to two air masses and a low-pressure center (L) over the United States.

A) counterclockwise and outward B) counterclockwise and inwardC) clockwise and outward D) clockwise and inward

What is the general movement of the surface winds around the center of this low-pressure area?


A) warmer temperatures farther north and causesstorms to move more slowly

B) warmer temperatures farther north and causesstorms to move more rapidly

C) cooler temperatures farther south and causesstorms to move more slowly

D) cooler temperatures farther south andcauses storms to move more rapidly

216. The map below shows a typical position andaverage velocity of the polar front jet stream duringtwo different seasons.

For the eastern United States, the change of thepolar front jet stream from this summer position tothis winter position causes

A) Earth’s rotation and unequal heating ofEarth’s surface

B) Earth’s revolution and unequal heating ofEarth’s surface

C) Earth’s rotation and Sun’s gravitationalattraction on Earth’s atmosphere

D) Earth’s revolution and Sun’s gravitationalattraction on Earth’s atmosphere

217. The planetary wind belts in the troposphere areprimarily caused by the


Base your answers to questions 218 and 219 on map below, which represents an imaginary continent.Locations A and B are on opposite sides of a mountain range on a planet similar to Earth. Location C is on the planet's equator.

A) warmer and more humid B) warmer and less humidC) cooler and more humid D) cooler and less humid

218. Compared to the climate at location A, the climate at location B would most likely be

A) low air pressure and low precipitationB) low air pressure and high precipitationC) high air pressure and low precipitationD) high air pressure and high precipitation

219. Location C most likely experiences


Base your answers to questions 220 through 222 on the map below, which shows Earth's planetarywind belts.

A) cool and wet B) cool and dryC) warm and wet D) warm and dry

220. Which climatic conditions exist where the trade winds converge?

A) prevailing northwesterlies B) prevailing southwesterliesC) northeast trades D) southeast trades

221. Which wind belt has the greatest effect on the climate of New York State?

A) Earth's rotation on its axisB) the unequal heating of Earth's atmosphereC) the unequal heating of Earth's surfaceD) Earth's gravitational pull on the Moon

222. The curving of these planetary winds is the result of


223. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The cross section shows the general movement of air within a portion of Earth'satmosphere located between 30° N and 30° S latitude. Numbers 1 and 2 represent different locationsin the atmosphere.

A) B)

C) D)

Which map best shows the surface movement of winds between 30° N and 30° S latitude?


Base your answers to questions 224 and 225 on the diagram below, which represents the planetary wind and moisture belts in Earth's NorthernHemisphere.

A) revolution B) rotation C) circumference D) size

224. The paths of the surface planetary winds are curved due to Earth’s

A) warm and rising B) warm and sinkingC) cool and rising D) cool and sinking

225. The climate at 90° north latitude is dry because the air at that location is usually


226. Base your answer to the following question on themap below, which shows an imaginary continent onEarth. Arrows represent prevailing wind directions.Letters A through D represent locations on thecontinent. Locations A and B are at the samelatitude and at the same elevation at the base of themountains.

A) less precipitation and a smaller temperaturerange

B) less precipitation and a greater temperaturerange

C) more precipitation and a smallertemperature range

D) more precipitation and a greater temperaturerange

Over the course of a year, compared to location B,location A will have

A) 0° B) 15° NC) 30° N D) 60° N

227. A high air-pressure, dry-climate belt is located atwhich Earth latitude?

A) upward, due to low temperature and highpressure

B) upward, due to high temperature and lowpressure

C) downward, due to low temperature and highpressure

D) downward, due to high temperature and lowpressure

228. What is the general pattern of air movement onMarch 21 at Earth's Equator (0º)?

A) southwest toward the northeastB) northwest toward the southeastC) northeast toward the southwestD) southeast toward the northwest

229. The prevailing southwesterlies wind belt causesmost low-pressure weather systems to travel acrossthe United States from the

Base your answers to questions 230 and 231 on thediagram below, which shows Earth's planetary windbelts and pressure belts.

A) revolution B) rotationC) gravitational field D) magnetic field

230. The surface winds shown in the diagram followcurving paths mainly due to Earth's

A) high latitude to regions of low latitudeB) high pressure to regions of low pressureC) high elevation to regions of low elevationD) high temperature to regions of low

temperature

231. The best inference that can be made from thisdiagram is that winds blow from regions of


A)

B)

C)

D)

232. Which map correctly shows the general pattern offlow of prevailing surface winds near the Equatoron March 21?

A) converging and risingB) converging and sinkingC) diverging and risingD) diverging and sinking

233. The planetary wind and moisture belts indicate thatlarge amounts of rainfall occur at Earth's Equatorbecause air is

A) 0º and 30º N B) 60º N and 60º SC) 30º N and 30º S D) 60º S and 90º S

234. At which latitudes do currents of dry, sinking aircause the dry conditions of Earth's major deserts?

A) Winds converge and air sinks.B) Winds converge and air rises.C) Winds diverge and air sinks.D) Winds diverge and air rises.

235. Which planetary wind pattern is present in manyareas of little rainfall?

A) changes in humidityB) changes in temperatureC) Earth's rotation on its axisD) Earth's gravitational force

236. The planetary winds on Earth are indicated by thecurving arrows in the diagram below.

The curved paths of the planetary winds are a resultof


A) B)

C) D)

237. Which map represents the normal location of high and low air-pressure belts on the Earth?

A) southwest B) northwestC) southeast D) northeast

238. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables,the prevailing winds at 45º S latitude are from the

A) revolution around the SunB) seasonal changesC) rotation on its axisD) tilted axis

239. The Earth's planetary winds are deflected as a resultof the Earth's

A) Wind direction is modified by the Earth'srotation.

B) Wind direction is modified by land forms.C) Wind direction is modified by water areas.D) Wind direction is modified by the Sun's

motion.

240. The diagram below shows the Earth's high and lowair pressure belts and direction of prevailing windsfor a particular time of the year. The winds do not appear to blow in a straight line from thehigh-pressure belts to the low-pressure belts.Which statement best explains this observation?

Answer KeyALL PRESSURE VARIABLES MEGA PACKET

1. D2. A3. B4. D5. D6. B7. B8. C9. A10. D11. A12. B13. B14. D15. A16. C17. B18. C19. C20. C21. B22. B23. B24. A25. C26. D27. B28. B29. B30. C31. C32. C33. B34. C35. C36. C

37. D38. A39. D40. A41. C42. A43. B44. A45. D46. C47. A48. D49. B50. B51. A52. C53. C54. B55. A56. B57. B58. A59. A60. D61. B62. A63. C64. C65. A66. B67. A68. B69. B70. D71. B72. C

73. B74. C75. A76. C77. B78. B79. A80. A81. B82. D83. B84. B85. B86. B87. B88. B89. B90. C91. D92. A93. D94. D95. B96. C97. B98. B99. D100. B101. A102. C103. D104. A105. C106. A107. C108. D

109. C110. A111. D112. A113. C114. D115. C116. C117. D118. D119. C120. B121. A122. B123. B124. D125. B126. B127. C128. D129. C130. D131. A132. C133. B134. A135. D136. C137. B138. A139. B140. B141. C142. D143. D144. D

Answer KeyALL PRESSURE VARIABLES MEGA PACKET

145. D146. A147. B148. C149. B150. B151. C152. A153. C154. A155. B156. D157. D158. A159. B160. B161. D162. B163. C164. B165. C166. A167. B168. C169. B170. C171. A172. C173. A174. C175. B176. C177. B178. D179. C180. A

181. D182. B183. D184. A185. D186. B187. B188. A189. A190. C191. C192. A193. B194. C195. C196. C197. A198. B199. A200. C201. A202. D203. A204. A205. A206. B207. D208. A209. A210. C211. B212. B213. C214. A215. B216. D

217. A218. B219. B220. C221. B222. A223. A224. B225. D226. C227. C228. B229. A230. B231. B232. A233. A234. C235. C236. C237. D238. B239. C240. A

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