Naming Chemical Naming Chemical CompoundsCompounds

Class I Binary CompoundsClass I Binary Compounds Made from Made from ““PredictablePredictable”” metals on the periodic metals on the periodic

tabletable Metal plus non-metalMetal plus non-metal Name from formula:Name from formula:

Always write the metal firstAlways write the metal first Add –ide to the end of the non-metal nameAdd –ide to the end of the non-metal name

Formula from name:Formula from name: Write symbol for metal firstWrite symbol for metal first Look up charges on metal and non-metalLook up charges on metal and non-metal Balance charges to zero between metal and non-Balance charges to zero between metal and non-

metal with ratio of atoms using subscriptsmetal with ratio of atoms using subscripts

Class II Binary CompoundsClass II Binary Compounds Made from Made from ““Un-predictableUn-predictable”” metals on the periodic metals on the periodic

table (metals that are NOT Class I)table (metals that are NOT Class I) Metal plus non-metalMetal plus non-metal Name from formula:Name from formula:

Always write the metal firstAlways write the metal first Determine the charge on the metal from the charge on Determine the charge on the metal from the charge on

the non-metal and the ratio of atoms.the non-metal and the ratio of atoms. Use roman numerals to indicate metal chargeUse roman numerals to indicate metal charge Add –ide to the end of the non-metal nameAdd –ide to the end of the non-metal name

Formula from name:Formula from name: Write the symbols for metal and non-metal – metal firstWrite the symbols for metal and non-metal – metal first Determine the charge on the metal from the roman Determine the charge on the metal from the roman

numeralnumeral Balance charges to zero between metal and non-metal Balance charges to zero between metal and non-metal

with ratio of atoms using subscriptswith ratio of atoms using subscripts

Class III Binary CompoundsClass III Binary Compounds Made from non-metals and non-metalsMade from non-metals and non-metals NO CHARGES – atoms share electronsNO CHARGES – atoms share electrons Use prefixes to indicate number of atoms in compoundUse prefixes to indicate number of atoms in compound

Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-.Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-. Name from formula:Name from formula:

Names use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of an element Names use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of an element in a compound – DO NOT use mono- for first element.in a compound – DO NOT use mono- for first element.

Assign prefixes from subscripts in formula. Assign prefixes from subscripts in formula. Add –ide to the end of the second non-metal nameAdd –ide to the end of the second non-metal name

Formula from name:Formula from name: Non-metal element further to the left written firstNon-metal element further to the left written first Prefixes indicate number of atoms . Convert prefixes in names to Prefixes indicate number of atoms . Convert prefixes in names to

subscripts in formula. subscripts in formula.

The Common PolyatomicsThe Common Polyatomicsthe -atesthe -ates

PhosphatePhosphate PO PO443-3- PleasePlease -3-3

SulfateSulfate SOSO442-2- SendSend -2-2

Carbonate Carbonate COCO332-2- Cake Cake and and -2-2

ChlorateChlorate ClOClO331-1- ChocolateChocolate -1-1

AcetateAcetate CC22HH33OO22-1-1 AngelsAngels -1-1

NitrateNitrate NONO331-1- NowNow -1-1

Knowing these plus the rules covers 12 of the poly-Knowing these plus the rules covers 12 of the poly-atomics!atomics!

Polyatomic Naming RulesPolyatomic Naming Rules

Learn (memorize) Common Ions – Learn (memorize) Common Ions – Then:Then:Per-Per- is one more oxygen is one more oxygen -ite-ite = one less oxygen, same = one less oxygen, same

charge except for phosphoruscharge except for phosphorusHypo- -iteHypo- -ite = two less oxygens = two less oxygens

same charge except for phosphorussame charge except for phosphorus

PhosphatePhosphate

PhosphPhosphateate POPO443-3-

Phosphite PO32-

Hypophosphite PO2-1

One less oxygen – one less charge

Two less oxygen – two less charge

SulfateSulfate

SulfSulfateate SOSO442-2-

SulfSulfiteite SOSO332-2-

One less oxygen – same chargeOne less oxygen – same charge

CarbonateCarbonate

CarbonCarbonateate COCO332-2-

Hydrogen Carbonate HCOHydrogen Carbonate HCO332-2-

(Bicarbonate)(Bicarbonate)

ChlorateChlorate

ChlorChlorateate ClOClO33-1-1

ChlorChloriteite ClOClO22-1-1

HypoHypochlorchloriteite ClOClO-1-1

One and two less oxygens – same chargeOne and two less oxygens – same charge

PerchloratePerchlorate ClOClO44-1-1

One more oxygenOne more oxygen

NitrateNitrate

NitrateNitrate NONO33-1-1

NitriteNitrite NONO22-1-1

One less oxygen – same chargeOne less oxygen – same charge

Common Negative Charge Poly- Common Negative Charge Poly- atomic ionsatomic ions

AcetateAcetate C C22HH33OO22-1-1

CyanideCyanide CN CN-1-1

HydroxideHydroxide OH OH-1-1

PermanganatePermanganate MnOMnO44-1-1

ChromateChromate CrOCrO44-2-2

DichromateDichromate CrCr22OO77-2-2

Note All = -1

The Positively Charged The Positively Charged PolyatomicsPolyatomics

AmmoniumAmmonium NHNH44+1+1

HydroniumHydronium HH3300+1 +1 (aka H(aka H++))

SulfiteSulfite

SOSO332-2-

Hydrogen CarbonateHydrogen Carbonate

HCOHCO331-1-

PhosphatePhosphate

POPO443-3-

NitrateNitrate

NONO331-1-

PerchloratePerchlorate

ClOClO44-1-1

NitriteNitrite

NONO221-1-

ChloriteChlorite

ClOClO221-1-

Naming AcidsNaming Acids Hydrogen can act like a metal = HHydrogen can act like a metal = H+1+1

Hydrogen as the first element in a compound Hydrogen as the first element in a compound indicates an acid.indicates an acid.

Binary acids are named by adding hydro- to the Binary acids are named by adding hydro- to the beginning and –ic to the endbeginning and –ic to the end HCl = Hydro chlor ic AcidHCl = Hydro chlor ic Acid

Polyatomic acids are named by taking the common Polyatomic acids are named by taking the common name ending in –ate and changing to –icname ending in –ate and changing to –ic HH22SOSO44 = from sulfate/SO = from sulfate/SO44

-2-2 = sulfuric acid = sulfuric acid Polyatomic compounds with one less oxygen are Polyatomic compounds with one less oxygen are

named by substituting –ous for –itenamed by substituting –ous for –ite HNOHNO22 = from nitrite/NO = from nitrite/NO22

-1-1 = nitrous acid = nitrous acid

Naming BasesNaming Bases

Bases contain the polyatomic anion Bases contain the polyatomic anion hydroxide – OHhydroxide – OH-1-1

Common Ions plus HydrogenCommon Ions plus Hydrogen

Dihydrogen PhosphateDihydrogen Phosphate HH22POPO44-1-1

Hydrogen PhosphateHydrogen Phosphate HPOHPO44-2-2

Hydrogen SulfateHydrogen Sulfate HSOHSO44-1-1

BisulfateBisulfate

Hydrogen CarbonateHydrogen Carbonate HCOHCO33-1-1

BicarbonateBicarbonate