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NITHYA .MROLL NO:16

NANOROBOTICSNANOROBOTICS

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INTRODUCTIONy Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or

robots at or close to the scale of nanometers. (10-9 meters)y Nanorobots ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and

constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.y Another definition sometimes used is a robot which allows

precision interaction with nanoscale objects.y Even a large apparatus such as an atomic force microscope

can be considered a nanorobotic instrument when configured

to perform nanomanipulation.y Macro scale robots or microrobots which can move with

nanoscale precision can also be considered nanorobots.

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IMPORTANCE OF NANOROBOTICSy Nanomachines are largely in the research-and-development

phase,but some primitive devices have been tested.y The first useful application of nanomachines might be in

medical technology,where they might be used to identifycancer cells.

y Another potential application is the detection of toxicchemicals, and the measurement of their concentrations inthe environment.

y Rice University has demonstrated a Single -molecule car and it actuated by controlling the environmental temperatureand by positioning a scanning tunneling microscope tip.

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DESIGN OF NANO ROBOTS

V irtual Reality was used for the nanorobot design.V irtual reality (V R) is a technology, which allows a user to interactwith a computer-simulated environment.

Users can interact with a virtual environment or a virtual artifact(VA) either through the use of standard input devices such as akeyboard and mouse, or through multimodal devices such as awired glove, the Polhemus boom arm, and omni directionaltreadmill.The design should be robust enough to operate in a complexenvironment with movement in six-degrees-of-freedom.The robot design adopted concepts provided from underwaterrobotics

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NANOROBOT NAVIGATION

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REQUIREMENTS FOR NANOROBOTS

1)SENSORSSensors made of nanotubes are used for this.Both chemical and biochemical sensors are used to make sensors for

nanobots.

2 )ACTUATORIt has a mobile member that moves linearly as a result of a

biomolecular interaction between biologically-based componentswithin the actuator.It can be utilized in nanoscale mechanical devices to pump fluids, openand close valves, or to provide translational movement

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3 ) TRANSPONDERIt is a system for tracking an object in space to controlnanorobot position.

The transponder device has one or several transponderantennas through which a transponder circuit can receive anRF signal.The transponder device adds a known delay to the RF signal

The nanorobot uses a RFID CMOS transponder

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NANOROBOT MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

It is used for constant body function monitoring, andimprove treatment efficiency.Patient monitoring can help in preparing for neurosurgery ,

early stage diagnostic reports to fight cancer , and bloodpressure control for cardiology problems .The same approach is quite useful in monitoring patientswith diabetes.

The level of sugar in the body can be observed via constantglucose monitoring using medical nanorobotics.

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NANOROBOTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTOF DIABETES

o G lucose carried through the blood stream is important tomaintain the human metabolism working healthfully.

o The protein hSG LT3 has an important influence in maintaining

proper glucose concentration .o The simulated nanorobot prototype model has embedded

Complementary Metal Oxide semi-conductor (CMOS)nanobioelectronics ,which permits it to operate freely inside the

body.o The nanorobot is not attacked by the white blood cells due to

biocompatibility .

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o For the glucose monitoring the nanorobot uses embeddedchemosensor that involves the modulation of hSG LT3 proteinglucosensor activity .

o Through its onboard chemical sensor, the nanorobot can thus

effectively determine if the patient needs to inject insulin.o Nanorobots flow with the RBCs through the bloodstream

detecting the glucose levels.o In the medical nanorobot architecture, the significant measured

data can be then transferred automatically through the RF signalsto the mobile phone carried by the patient.

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Accepted levels of glucose

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CONTROLNanorobots require some type of guidance and control toperform their tasks.

Nanorobots could either be remotely controlled by acomputer or autonomous.

Autonomous robots would require a nanocomputer.

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ADVANTAGES OF NANOROBOTICSy Light weight but extremely strong.y High performance.y High accuracy.y Technologically very advanced and reliable.y Less side effects.y Quick and effective healing of diseases.y It is durable.They can remain operational for years, decades,

or centuries.

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LIMITATIONSince nanorobot would be microscopic in size, it may benecessary for very large numbers of them to work togetherto perform microscopic tasks.

The implementation of a global sensor to control the positionof handling tools and nano objects during the wholemanipulation process is a problem.Expensive

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APPLICATIONSy Better diagnosisy New devices for mediciney Cardiology interventionsy Cancer early diagnosisy Brain surgeryy Treatment of cancery Repair of damaged tissuey Unblocking of arteries affected by plaques

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENTThis paper also described how mobile phones can play animportant role to bring the application of medical nanorobottherapies into peoples lives.

This paper has outlined a pathway toward effective ways toadvance nanotechnology as a diagnostic and treatment toolfor patients with diabetes.The joint use of nanophotonic and nanotube-basedtechnologies may further accelerate the actual levels of CMOS resolution ranging down to 45nm devices.

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CONCLUSION

Nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth of promise fromeradicating disease to reversing the aging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-related conditions are all treatable at the cellularlevel); nanorobots are also candidates for industrial applications. Theadvent of molecular nanotechnology will again expand enormously theeffectiveness, comfort and speed of future medical treatments while atthe same time significantly reducing their risk, cost, and invasiveness.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU