NP PLANT PART SHAPE AND SIZE REF.Gold Allium sativum (Garlic) Leaf [1]

Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Seed Spherical | 45-75 nm [2]Adiantum philippense (Goyali Lota) Fronds Polycrystalline | 10-18 nm [3]Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) Leaf Spherical, triangle | 50-350 nm [4]Aloe ferox (Cape aloe) Leaf Spherical, triangular | 6-35 nm, 4-45 , 50 nm [5]

Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Leaf Spherical | 6.5, 17 nm [6]Ananas comosus (Pineapple) Fruit Sperical | 10 nm [7]Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Spherical Triangle, Hexagonal | 50-35 nm [8]

Basella Alba (Malabar Spinach) LeafBeta vulgaris (Sugar beet) Pulp Nanorods, triangular, Spherical |

25 nm, 160 nm, 20 nm[9]

Cacumen Platycladi Leaf [10]Callistemon viminalis (Weeping bottlebrush) Leaf Nanotriangles, spherical | 90 nm

Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) latex Spherical | 22 nm [11]Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Spherical | 20 nm [12]Camellia sinensis (Tea plant) Leaf Nanotriangles | 40 nm [12]Cantella asiatica (Indian Pennywort) Leaf Triangular, hexagonal | 9.3-10.9 nm [12]Cassia auriculata (Avaram senna) Leaf Traingular, spherical | 15-25 nm [13]Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle)

Leaf

Chenopodium album – (Pig weed) Plant Quasi-spherical | 10 nm [14]Cicer aiertinum (Chick pea) Beans Triangular prism | 25 nmCinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree) Leaf Flat, plate-like triangle | 55-80 nm [15]

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ciannamon) Leaf Nanoprism, spherical | 25 nm [16]Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt Grape) Spherical | 12 nm [17]Citrus limone (Lemon) Fruit [18]Citrus sinensis (Orange) Fruit [19]

Calendula officinalis (Marigold) LeafColeus amboinicus (Indian borage) Leaf Spherical, truncated triangle, hexagonal |

4.6-55.1 nm[20]

Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) Leaf Spherical, triangle, truncated triangle | 20-30 nm [21]

Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass) Leaf 10-110 nm [22]Cymbopogon flexuosus (Malaber Lemongrass)

Leaf Triangle Spherical | 0.05-1.8 um [23]

Datura metel (Kamkam awlaw) LeafDiopyros kaki (Persimmon) Leaf Triangles, pentagons, hexagons, spherical | 300 nm [24]Dioscorea bulbifera (Air potato) Spherical | 11-30 nm [25]Eclipta alba (False Daisy) LeavesEmblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry) Fruit [26]

Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Red river gum) LeafFicus benghalensis (Peepal) LeafGnidia glauca Flower Spherical; 10 nm, 50-150 nm [27]Hibiscus rosa sinensis (Rose mallow) Leaf Spherical, triangular, hexagonal, dodecahedral |

14nm[28]

Lawsonia inermis (Henna) Leaf Spherical, triangular | 7.5-65 nm [29]Madhuca Longifolia (Mahwa) Leaf Triangular nanoplates [30]Magniferia indica (Mango) Leaf Spherical | 17 nmMagnolia kobus (Kobushi magnolia) Leaf Triangles, pentagons, hexagons, spherical |

5-300 nm[24]

Medicago sativa (alfalfa) Biomass Decahedral, icosahedral | 30-60 nm [31]Memecylon edule (Kaayam) Triangular, circular, hexagonal | 20-50 nm [32]

Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Spherical | 5-150 nm [33]Mucuna pruriens (Velvet beans) Seed Spherical | 6-17.7 nm [34]Murraya koeniggi (Curry tree) Leaf Spherical | 20 nm [35]

Musa paradisiaca (Banana) Peel Microcubes, microwire | 300 nm [36]Nyctanthes arbor tristis (Night flowering Jasmine)

Flower [37]

Ocimum sanctum (Krishna tree) Leaf Hexagonal | 30 nm [38]Orea europaea (Olive) Leaf Triangle, hexagonal, spherical | 5-100 nm [39]Panax ginseng (Korean red ginseng) Root Spherical; 16 nm [40]Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) Leaf Decahedral, icosohedral 20-40 nm [41]Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) Stem Spherical 8.3-23.8 nm [41]Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) Root Spherical, Triangle; 11.4-34 nm [41]Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Hexagonal, triangular, rod-shaped, spherical |

18-38 nm[42]

Pisidium guajava (Guava) Leaf Spherical triangular, hexagonal | 27nm

Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Fruit peelPyrus sp. (Pear) Fruit Triangular, hexagonal plates | 200-500, 12-50 nm [43]

Radix Ranunculi Ternati (Catclaw buttercup) Root Spherical | 9-24 nm [44]

Rhizophora mucronata (Mangrove) Leaf bud 4-26 nm [45]

Rosa hybrida Petals Spherical, triangular, hexagonal | 10 nm [46]

Rosa rugosa (Japanese Rosa) Leaf Triangular, hexagonal | 11 nm [47]Saraca asoca (Asoko) LeafScutellaria barbata (Barbated Skullcap) Plant Spherical, triangular | 5-30 nm [48]

Semecarpus anacardium (Markingnut Tree) Leaf [49]

Sorbus aucuparia (European mountain ash) Leaf Spherical, triangular, hexagonal | 18 nm [50]

Stevia rebaudiana (Sweet leaf) Leaf Octahedral | 8-20 nm [51]Swietinia mahogany (Mahogany) Leaf Spheroidal, triangles, hexagonal [52]

Syzygium cumini (Jambul) LeafSyzygium aromatiocum (Clove) Flower Triangular, polygonal | 100-300 nm [53]Syzygium aromatiocum (Clove) Bud [53]Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) Leaf Flat-triangle, hexagonal | 20-40 nm [54]Tanacetum vulgare (Common tansy) Fruit Sphericle, triangular | 11 nm [55]Terminalia catappa (Almond) Leaf Spherical | 21.9 nm [56]Trapa bispinosa PeelTrianthema decandra Root Spherical, cubical, triangular, hexagonal |

33-65 nm[57]

Vitex negundo (Five Leaved Chaste tree) fcc cubic | 10-30 nmZingiber officinalis (Ginger) RootZiziphus mauritiana (Indian plum) Leaf

 Silver Acalypha indica (Indian Nettle) Leaf Spherical | 20–30 nm [58]  Adiantum philippense (Goyali Lota)   10-18 nm [3]  Aegle marmelos (Bael) Leaf Spherical | 60 nm [59]  Allium cepa (Onion) Stem Spherical | 33.67 nm [1]  Allium sativum (Garlic)   Spherical | 10 nm [60]  Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) Leaf Spherical | 15.2 ±4.2 nm [61]  Aloe ferox (Cape aloe) Leaf Spherical | 5 nm [5]  Aloysia citrodora (Lemon Verbena) Leaf Spherical | 15–30 nm  Ammannia baccifera (Monarch red stem) Aerial   [62]  Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Leaf Spherical | 15.5 nm [63]  Anogeissus latifolia (Gum ghatti) Exudate Spherical | 5.7 nm [64]  Arbutus unedo (Strawberry) Leaf   [65]  Artemisia nilagirica   70-90 nm [66] 

Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) Seed Irregular | 10.78 nm[67]

  Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Spherical | 5–35 nm [8]

  Bacopa moniera (Water hyssop) Plant Spherical | 10–30 nm [68]  Basella alba (Malabar Spinach) Leaf  Boswellia ovalifoliolata Stem Polydispersed | 30–40 nm [69]  Boswellia serrata (Gum olibanum)   Spherical | 7.5 nm [70]  Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) Flower Cubical | 35 nm [71]  Camellia sinensis (Tea plant) Leaf Nanotriangles | 40 nm [12]  Capsicum annuum (Bell pepper) Fruit Spherical | 10 ±2 nm [72]  Carica papaya (Papaya) Callus Spherical | 60–80 nm [73]  Cassia fistula (Golden shower tree) Leaf Spherical | 50-60 nm [74]  Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar

periwinkle)Leaf fcc cubic | 48-67 nm

[75]

  Centella asiatica (Centella) Powder Irregular | 42 nm [76]  Ceratonia siliqua (Carob tree) Leaf Spherical | 5-40 nm [77]  Chenopodium album (Pig weed) Leaf Quasi-spherical | 12 nm [14]  Chrysopogon zizanioides (Vetiver) Leaf 20-50 nm [78]  Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree) Leaf Flat, spherical, rods, wires | 5–40 nm [15]  Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) Bark   [16]  Cissus quadrangularis (Veldt grape) Leaf Triangle, rod, spherical | 37-43 nm [79]  Citrus limon (Lemon) Fruit Spherical b50 nm [79]  Citrus sinensis (Orange) Powder Irregular | 41 nm [76]  Citrus sinensis (Orange) Peel Spherical 35 nm | 10 nm [80]  Citrus unshui (Satsuma mandarin) Peel 5-20 nm [81]  Clerodendrum inerme (Glory bower) Leaf [82] 

Cochlospermum gossypium (Buttercup tree) ExudateNanospheres, nanotriangles, Nanorods, Hexagonal, Polygonal prisms

[83]

  Codium capitatum     [84] 

Coleus amboinicus (Indian Borage) LeafSpherical, triangle decahedral, hexagonal |4.3–55 nm

[85]

  Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) Leaf Spherical | 26 nm  Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Tuber Quasi-spherical, triangular, rod [86]

  Cycas Leaf Spherical | 2–6 nm [87]  Cyperus sp.    Desmodium gangeticum Leaf Spherical | 18-39 nm [88]  Desmodium triflorum (Tick clover) Plant Spherical 5–20 nm [99] [89]  Dillenia indica (Elephant Apple) Fruit   [90]  Diopyros kaki (Persimmon) Leaf Spherical | 32 nm [91]  Echhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) Cellulose Spherical | 2-5 nm [92]  Eclipta (Daisy plant) Leaf Spherical | 2–6 nm [93]  Elaeis guineensis (Oil palm) Biosolid Spherical | 5–50 nm [94]  Enhydra fluctuans (Marsh herb)   [95]  Eucalyptus hybrid (Safeda) Leaf 50–150 nm [96]  Euphorbia hirta (Asthma weed) Leaf 40–50 nm [97]

Euphorbia nivulia Stem latex 5-10 nm [98]  Ficus benghalensis (Peepal) Leaf   [99]  Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) Leaf 35 nm [100] 

Gelidiella acerosaWhole Plant

Spherical | 22 nm[101]

  Ginko biloba (Ginkgo) Leaf [102]  Gliricidia sepium (Gliricidia) Leaf Spherical | 10–50 nm [103]  Gloriosa superba (Glory Lily) Leaf   [104]  Glycine max (Soybean) Leaf 25–100 nm [105]  Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) Leaf [106]  Hevea brasiliensis (Natural rubber) Latex Spherical, oval phase | 90–400 nm [107]  Hibiscus cannabinus (Kenaf) Leaf Spherical | 9 nm [108]  Hibiscus rosa sinensis (Rose mallow) Leaf Spherical | 13 nm [28]  Hydrilla verticilata Leaf 2–5 nm [109]  Ipomoea aquatic (Water spinach)   [110]  Iresine herbstii Leaf fcc cubuc | 44-64 nm [111]  Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) Latex Spherical | 20–40 nm [112]

  Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) Seed Spherical | 15–50 nm [113]  Lawsonia inermis (Henna) Leaf Quasi-spherical | 21–39 nm [29]  Ludwigia adscendens (Water primrose) Leaf Spherical, cubic | 100–400 nm [95]  Magnifera indica (Mango) Peel Triangular, hexagonal, spherical | 20 nm [114]  Magnolia Kobus (Magnolia) Leaf  Malva parviflora (Cheeseweed) Leaf fcc cubic | 19-25 nm [115]  Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) Seed Spherical, flower-like, triangular | 5–108 nm [116]  Memecylon edule (Kaayam) Leaf Spherical | 50-90 nm [32]  Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Triangular, spherical, ellipsoidal | 5–30 nm [33]  Mimusops elengi (Spanish cherry) Leaf Spherical | 55-83 nm [117]  Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) Root Spherical | 30-55 nm [118]  Moringa oleifera (Drumstick Tree) Leaf Spherical | 5–80 nm [119]  Mucuna pruriens (Velvet bean) Seed Spherical, triangular, oval, circular; 10-27 nm [120]  Murraya koenigii (Curry tree) Leaf 10 nm [35]  Musa paradisiaca (Banana) Peel [121]  Nelumbo nucifera (Indian Lotus) Leaf 20–80 nm [122]  Nerium Oleander Leaf Spherical, cubic | 20-35 nm [123]  Nicotiana tobaccum (Tobacco) Leaf Crystalline | 8 nm [124]  Ocimum basilicum (Basil) Root Spherical | 10 ±2 nm  Ocimum basilicum (Basil) Stem Stem | 5±1.5 nm  Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) Leaf Spherical | 10–20 nm [125]  Orea europaea (Olive) Leaf Spherical | 20-25 nm [126]  Oryza sativa (Rice) Leaf  Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy)   Spherical | 3.2-7.6 um [127]  Parthenium hysterophorus (Parthenium) Leaf Irregular | 50 nm [128]  Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) Leaf Spherical | 16–40 nm [129]  Phyllanthus amarus (Phyllanthus) Leaf Quasi-spherical, ellipsoidal | 30 nm [42]  Pinus desiflora (Pine) Leaf  Piper longum (Long pepper) Leaf Spherical | 17.6-41 nm [130]

  Platanus orientalis (Oriental plane) Leaf [102]  Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Spherical | 35-50 nm [131]  Prosopis juliflora Leaf   [132]  Pulicaria glutinosa     [133]  Rhizophora mucronata (Mangrove plant) Leaf bud 4-26 nm [45]  Rosa rugosa (Japanese Rosa) Leaf Spherical | 12 nm [47]  Rosmarinus officinalis leaf fcc, 14.2-42.42 nm [134]  Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) Leaf [135]  Saraca Asoca (Ashoka) Leaf   [136]  Saururus chinensis Leaf 38-54 nm [137]  Sesbania grandiflora (Agati) Leaf Spherical | 10-25 nm [138]  Sesuvium portulacastrum (Saltmarsh plant) Leaf Callus Spherical | 5–20 nm [139]  Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) Fruit   [140]  Solanum torvum (Turkey berry) Fruit Spherical | 14 [141]  Solanum trilobatum Powder Irregular | 52 nm [76]  Sorbus aucuparia (European mountain ash) Leaf Spherical, triangular, hexagonal | 16 nm [50]  Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum) Leaf [142]  Stevia rebaudiana Leaf Spherical | 2-50 nm [143]  Svensonia hyderabadensis Leaf Spherical | 45 nm [144]  Swietenia mahogany (Mahogany) Leaf Spheroidal [52]  Syzygium Cumini (Jambul) Leaf Spherical | 30, 29 nm [145]  Syzygium Cumini (Jambul) Seed Spherical | 92, 73 nm [145]  Syzgium cumini (Jambul) Powder Irregular | 53 nm [76]  Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Flower bud Spherical, triangular [53]  Tanacetum vulgare (Common Tansy) Fruit Spherical, triangular | 16 nm [55]  Terminalia chebula (Yellow myrobalan) Fruit fcc, 25 nm [146]  Thevetia peruviana (Yellow oldeander) Latex Spherical | 10-30 nm [147]  Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain)   Triangular | 87 nm [127]  Trianthema decandra (Sangamner) Root [57]

  Tribulus terrestris (Caltrop) Fruit Spherical | 16-28 nm [148]  Triticum aestivum (Wheat) Seed Spherical | 5.6 nm [149]  Vitex negundo (Chaste tree) Leaf [150]  Zea mays (Maize) Leaf

Platinum Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Leaf Rod shaped [151]Bacopa monnieri (Water hyssop) Leaf Spherical | 5-20 nm [152]Cacumen Platycladi   2.4 nm [153]Cochlospermiun gossypium (Buttercup tree) fcc cubic | 2-10 nm [154]Diopyros kaki (Persimmon) leaf 2-12 nm [155]Ocimum sanctum (Krishna tree) Leaf irregular, 23 nm [156]

Copper Euphorbia nivulia Stem latex   [157]Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) Latex 15 nm [158]Magnolia Kobus (Kobushi Magnolia) Leaf 37-110 nm [159]Syzgium aromaticum (Clove)   Spherical | 5-40 nm [160]

Palladium

Piper betle (Betel) Leaf  [161]

Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) Leaf fcc cubic | 2.5-4.5 nm [162]Astraglmanna   15 nm [163]Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor tree)   3.2-6 nm [164]Cinnamomum zeylancium (Cinnamon)   15-20 nmGardenia jasminoides (Cape Jasmine)   3-5 nm [165]Glycine max (Soybean) Leaf 15 nm [166]Jatropha curcas   10-12.5 nmTerminalia chebula fruit 100 nm [167]Vitus vinifera   661 nm

Lead Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) Latex 10-12.5 nm [168]

Zinc Oxide

Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) Leaf Spherical | 25-40 nm[169]

Brassica juncea (Indian mustard)   Spherical/non uniform | 95 nm [170]Calotropis procera (Sodom Apple) Latex Spherical, Granular | 5-40 nm [171]Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Rose mallow) Leaf Spherical, Hexagonal | 40-56 nm [172]Parthenium hysterophorus (Whitetop weed) Leaf Spherical, hexagonal | 27,84 nm [173]Physalis alkengi (Chinese Lantern)   72.5 nm [174]Sedum alfredii (Hance plant)   Pseudo-spherical | 53.7 nm [175]

Titanium dioxide

Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle)

Leaf Irregular | 25-110 nm[176]

Eclipta prostrata (False Daisy)     [177]Nyctanthes Arbor Tristis Leaf Spherical | 100-150 nm [178]

Copper oxide

Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) Leaf Crystalline | 15-30 nm [179]

Iron Oxide

(Fe2O3) Camella sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf 60 nm [180](Fe3O4) Sargassum muticum (Japanese wireweed)   Cubic | 18 nm [181](Fe3O4) Ceratonia siliqua (Carob plant) Leaf 8 nm [182](Fe3O4) Tridax Procumbens Leaf Irregular sphere | 80-100 nm [183](Fe3O4) Glycine max (Soya bean) Sprouts Spherical | 8 nm [184]

(FeO) Terminalia chebula (Yellow myrobalan) Fruit 80 nm [167]

Cadmium oxide

Achillea wilhelmsii Flowers Spherical | 35 nm [185]

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