Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

Forging an EmpireForging an Empire

Early LifeEarly Life

Born in 1769 on the Born in 1769 on the island of Corsicaisland of Corsica

Sent to military Sent to military school in France at 9school in France at 9

Graduated at 16 and Graduated at 16 and joined the Army of joined the Army of the Revolutionthe Revolution

War HeroWar Hero

In 1795, he defended the delegates In 1795, he defended the delegates of the National Assembly from a of the National Assembly from a royalist attack, saving the French royalist attack, saving the French Republic.Republic.

In 1796, he is sent to lead forces into In 1796, he is sent to lead forces into Austria and Italy and wins many Austria and Italy and wins many victories.victories.

Napoleon seizes powerNapoleon seizes power

In 1799, the Directory was losing In 1799, the Directory was losing control of France.control of France.

Napoleon returns home from Egypt Napoleon returns home from Egypt and drives the members of the and drives the members of the Directory out of France with his troops.Directory out of France with his troops.

He becomes dictator.He becomes dictator.

Coup d'étatCoup d'état

A sudden taking of A sudden taking of power like power like Napoleon’s is Napoleon’s is known as a known as a coup—coup—from the French from the French phrase phrase coup d'étatcoup d'état or “blow to the or “blow to the state”state”

Restores Order in FranceRestores Order in France

Kept many changes made by the Kept many changes made by the Revolution.Revolution.

Efficient tax collection and created Efficient tax collection and created banksbanks

Tried to end corruption in governmentTried to end corruption in government

Restored ChurchRestored Church

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Created a system Created a system of laws called the of laws called the Napoleonic Code.Napoleonic Code. Limited libertyLimited liberty Promoted orderPromoted order Restricted freedom Restricted freedom

of speech and of speech and press, restored press, restored slavery.slavery.

Emperor in 1804Emperor in 1804

EmpireEmpire

Loses Haiti to a revolt, decides to Loses Haiti to a revolt, decides to give up France’s land in the give up France’s land in the Americas. Americas.

Set out to conquer Europe. Set out to conquer Europe. Defeated Austria, Prussia, and Russia.Defeated Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Largest empire since the RomansLargest empire since the Romans Wanted to conquer England next…Wanted to conquer England next…

Map of EmpireMap of Empire

His first defeatHis first defeat

Napoleon lost only ONE major battle, Napoleon lost only ONE major battle, the the Battle of Trafalgar.Battle of Trafalgar.

Naval battle vs. England was a major Naval battle vs. England was a major loss:loss: Gave England naval supremacy for the Gave England naval supremacy for the

next 100 years.next 100 years. Forced Napoleon to give up plans to Forced Napoleon to give up plans to

invade England.invade England. He wouldn’t stop, this would lead to his He wouldn’t stop, this would lead to his

demise.demise.

Napoleon’s MistakesNapoleon’s Mistakes

His empire was huge, but he could His empire was huge, but he could only keep it from 1807 to 1812.only keep it from 1807 to 1812.

The Continental SystemThe Continental System Failed attempt to set up a blockadeFailed attempt to set up a blockade

Invaded Spain in 1808Invaded Spain in 1808 Spanish Spanish Nationalism Nationalism spreadsspreads

Invasion of RussiaInvasion of Russia

DownfallDownfall

Returns from Russia with only 10,000 Returns from Russia with only 10,000 soldiers left from an Army that once soldiers left from an Army that once stood at 422,000.stood at 422,000.

England, Russia, Prussia, and England, Russia, Prussia, and Sweden now joined forces against Sweden now joined forces against him.him.

DownfallDownfall

Napoleon raised a new army, but Napoleon raised a new army, but they were unprepared and lost the they were unprepared and lost the Battle of Leipzig.Battle of Leipzig. He surrenders, after his generals refuse He surrenders, after his generals refuse

to fight on.to fight on. Received a pension and was Received a pension and was exiledexiled or or

banished to the island of banished to the island of ElbaElba off the off the Coast of ItalyCoast of Italy

The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days

Louis XVI’s brother, takes the throne Louis XVI’s brother, takes the throne of France as Louis XVIII.of France as Louis XVIII.

Napoleon learns of Louis’s troubles Napoleon learns of Louis’s troubles and escapes Elba. and escapes Elba.

Within days, he’s once again the Within days, he’s once again the emperor of France by March of 1815.emperor of France by March of 1815.

Napoleon’s ReturnNapoleon’s Return

WaterlooWaterloo

Napoleon loses his Napoleon loses his final attack on in final attack on in June 1815.June 1815.

Defeated by Defeated by England and England and PrussiaPrussia

Ended his last Ended his last attempt to gain attempt to gain power.power.

Exile…AgainExile…Again

Sent to the remote Sent to the remote island of St. Helena island of St. Helena in the South in the South Atlantic.Atlantic.

Lived there, lonely, Lived there, lonely, for 6 years, and for 6 years, and died in 1821 of a died in 1821 of a stomach disease.stomach disease.

St. HelenaSt. Helena