napoleon’s rise to emperor. early life born in corsica to a poor family military hero started...
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NAPOLEON’S RISE TO EMPEROR
EARLY LIFE• Born in Corsica to
a poor family• Military hero
started early in his career, “savior of the French republic”
• “the General” = Napoleon
Rise in Military
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
Napoleon’s Rise to Powera Earlier military career
a Egyptian Campaign:
1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!
a Earlier military career
a Egyptian Campaign:
1798 he was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson, who destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile.
Abandoning his troops in Egypt, Napoleon returned to France and received a hero’s welcome!
Europe in 1800Europe in 1800
Napoleon launched a successful coup d’ etat on November 9, 1799.– sudden overthrow of government
• He proclaimed himself “First Consul” • Did away with the elected Assembly appointing
a Senate instead.– In 1802, he made himself sole “Consul for
Life.”– Two years later he proclaimed himself
“Emperor.”
The Imperial ImageThe Imperial Image
Napoleon’s Throne
Napoleon’s Throne
The Government of the Consulate
The Government of the Consulatea Council of State
Proposed the laws.
Served as a Cabinet & the
highest court.
a Tribunate
Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
a Council of State
Proposed the laws.
Served as a Cabinet & the
highest court.
a Tribunate
Debated laws, but did not
vote on them.
LegislatureVoted on laws, but
did not discuss or debate them.Senate
Had the right to review and veto legislation.
The Government of the Consulate
Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800
Napoleon Established the Banque de France, 1800
Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801a During French Revolution
aNational Assembly seized church property and land
a Napoleon gave it all back to gain favor and power over the Church
a During French Revolution
aNational Assembly seized church property and land
a Napoleon gave it all back to gain favor and power over the Church
Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801a Catholicism was declared the
religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
a Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.
a Catholicism was declared the religion of the majority of Frenchmen.
a Papal acceptance of church lands lost during the Revolution.
a Pope Pius VII renounced the Concordat, and Napoleon had him brought to France and placed under house arrest.
Concordat of 1801
Pope Pius VII
•University opened by Napoleon
•Students could receive financial aid
Legion of Honor, 1802Legion of Honor, 1802
Palace of the Legion of Honor, Paris
Palace of the Legion of Honor, Paris
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Haitian Independence, 1792-1804
Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture
• Lead the Revolution of Slaves
• Defeated Napoleon’s Army
• Captured later by Napoleon
• Died in Prison
Louisiana Purchase, 1803Louisiana Purchase, 1803
$15,000,000$15,000,000
Review• What kind of schooling did Napoleon support? • How did Napoleon come to power? • Who was his wife? • What was the uniform system of laws in France? • Why did Napoleon sell land in the Americas?
“Napoleon in His
Study”
1812
by David
“Napoleon in His
Study”
1812
by David
The Continental SystemThe Continental System
a GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
a Three edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war on Britain WAR OF 1812.
a GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
a Three edicts eventually led to the United States declaring war on Britain WAR OF 1812.
THREE EDICTS1. Berlin Decrees 1806-British ships
were not allowed in European ports.2. “Order in Council” 1806 -Britain
proclaimed any ship French or allied ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.
3. Milan Decree 1807-Napoleon proclaimed no European country will trade with Britain.
The Continental System The Continental System
British Cartoon British Cartoon
“Napoleon on His Imperial
Throne”
1806
By Jean AugusteDominique
Ingres
“Napoleon on His Imperial
Throne”
1806
By Jean AugusteDominique
Ingres
The Empress JosephineThe Empress Josephine
Josephine’s BedroomJosephine’s Bedroom
Napoleon’s Bed Chamber
Napoleon’s Bed Chamber
Marie Louise(of Austria)
married Napoleon on
March 12, 1810
in Vienna
Marie Louise(of Austria)
married Napoleon on
March 12, 1810
in Vienna
Marie Louise(of Austria)
withNapoleon’s
Son
(Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles:
1811-1832)
Marie Louise(of Austria)
withNapoleon’s
Son
(Napoleon Francis Joseph Charles:
1811-1832)
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810
e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System
e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal
e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain
Spain Portugal
France 1806: ContinentalSystem
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
Napoleon’s Empire in 1810Napoleon’s Empire in 1810
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia The Russians
avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon.
• July (1812) Napoleon led his Army of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia.
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia
The “Big Blunder” -- Russia They retreated to Moscow, drawing
the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause].
The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow
Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscowa September 14, 1812
a Napoleon reached Moscow
a The city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
a September 14, 1812a Napoleon
reached Moscow
a The city had largely been abandoned.
a The Russians had set fire to the city.
Moscow Is On Fire!Moscow Is On Fire!
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
100,000 French troops retreat—10,000 survive!
100,000 French troops retreat—10,000 survive!
Napoleon defeated without a shot
Video Gallery - Famous Speeches - The History Channel
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813)
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
“Battle of the Nations” Memorial
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
FALL OF NAPOLEON
Napoleon in Exile on ElbaNapoleon in Exile on Elba
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
“NAPOLEON’S ESCAPE“NAPOLEON’S ESCAPEe Napoléon escaped Elba and
landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days.
e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo
(June 18, 1815)
Dukeof
Wellington
Dukeof
Wellington
Prussian General Blücher
Prussian General Blücher
Napoleon on His Way
to HisFinal Exile
onSt. Helena
Napoleon on His Way
to HisFinal Exile
onSt. Helena
Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena
Napoleon’s TombNapoleon’s Tomb
Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb
Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb
June 28, 1940June 28, 1940
Nostradamus predicts Napoleon
Video Gallery - Famous Speeches - The History Channel
Review• What was the Hundred Days?• What events lead to Napoleon’s downfall? • Why did he divorce Josephine? • What is the significance of Cinco de Mayo?