nasa in-situ resource utilization project – and seals
TRANSCRIPT
NASA IN-SITU RESOURCE UTILIZATION PROJECT⎯AND SEAL CHALLENGES
Kurt Sacksteder and Diane Linne National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
www.nasa.gov
NASA In-Situ Resource Utilization Project– and Seals Challenges
Kurt Sacksteder and Diane LinneNASA Glenn Research Center
2005 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System WorkshopNovember 8-9, 2005
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 399
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
New
Spa
ce E
xplo
ratio
n V
isio
n•
On
Jan
uar
y 14
, 200
4, t
he
Pre
sid
ent
ann
ou
nce
d a
new
vis
ion
fo
r N
AS
A
–Im
plem
ent a
sus
tain
ed a
nd a
fford
able
hum
an a
nd r
obot
ic p
rogr
am to
exp
lore
the
sola
r sy
stem
an
d be
yond
;–
Ext
end
hum
an p
rese
nce
acro
ss th
e so
lar
syst
em, s
tart
ing
with
a h
uman
ret
urn
to th
e M
oon
in
prep
arat
ion
for
hum
an e
xplo
ratio
n of
Mar
s an
d ot
her
dest
inat
ions
;–
Dev
elop
the
inno
vativ
e te
chno
logi
es, k
now
ledg
e, a
nd in
fras
truc
ture
s bo
th to
exp
lore
and
to
supp
ort d
ecis
ions
abo
ut th
e de
stin
atio
ns fo
r hu
man
exp
lora
tion;
and
–P
rom
ote
inte
rnat
iona
l and
com
mer
cial
par
ticip
atio
nin
exp
lora
tion
to fu
rthe
r U
.S. s
cien
tific
, se
curit
y, a
nd e
cono
mic
inte
rest
s.
“Mak
ing
use
of th
e M
oon’
s ab
unda
nt r
esou
rces
…”
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 400
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Wha
t Are
Spa
ce R
esou
rces
?•
Tra
dit
ion
al m
ater
ial r
eso
urc
es in
clu
din
g:
–W
ater
from
the
soil
or a
tmos
pher
e –
Atm
osph
eric
gas
es (
CO
2, O
2, N
2, e
tc.)
–V
olat
ile s
peci
es fr
om th
e so
lar
win
d or
com
ets
(H2,
He,
H2O
, CH
4, e
tc.)
–M
iner
als/
met
als
(Fe,
Ti,
Ni,
Si,
etc.
)•
En
erg
y–
(Nea
r) C
ontin
uous
sun
light
for
elec
tric
al/th
erm
al p
ower
and
sta
ble
ther
mal
co
ntro
l–
(Nea
r) C
ontin
uous
Dar
knes
s fo
r cr
yoge
nic
fluid
sto
rage
, sci
entif
ic in
stru
men
ts
and
stab
le th
erm
al c
ontr
ol•
En
viro
nm
ent
–V
acuu
m/D
ryne
ss–
Mic
ro/P
artia
l Gra
vity
–H
igh
The
rmal
Gra
dien
ts•
Lo
cati
on
–S
tabl
e Lo
catio
ns fo
r E
arth
/Sun
/dee
p-sp
ace
obse
rvat
ions
, mis
sion
sta
ging
–Is
olat
ion
from
Ear
th’s
ele
ctro
mag
netic
noi
se, s
tora
ge o
f dup
licat
e vi
tal
info
rmat
ion
–Is
olat
ion
for
Ear
th to
con
duct
haz
ardo
us te
stin
g (n
ucle
ar, b
iolo
gica
l, et
c.)
and
extr
ater
rest
rial s
ampl
e cu
ratio
n &
ana
lysi
s, e
tc.
In-S
itu
Res
ou
rce
Uti
lizat
ion
exp
loit
s th
ese
reso
urc
es, c
reat
ing
pro
du
cts
& s
ervi
ces
that
sig
nif
ican
tly
red
uce
th
e m
ass,
co
st, &
ris
k o
f ex
ten
ded
-du
rati
on
sp
ace
exp
lora
tio
n
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 401
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Spa
ce R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
for
Exp
lora
tion
Mis
sio
n C
on
sum
able
Pro
du
ctio
nP
rop
ella
nts
fo
r L
and
er/A
scen
t V
ehic
les,
S
urf
ace
Ho
pp
ers,
& A
eria
l Veh
icle
sF
uel
cel
l rea
gen
ts f
or
mo
bile
(rov
ers,
EV
A)
&
stat
iona
ry b
acku
p po
wer
Lif
e su
pp
ort
co
nsu
mab
les
(oxy
gen,
wat
er,
buffe
r ga
ses)
Gas
es fo
r sc
ienc
e eq
uipm
ent a
nd d
rillin
gB
io-s
uppo
rt p
rodu
cts
(soi
l, fe
rtili
zers
, etc
.)F
eeds
tock
for
in-s
itu m
anuf
actu
ring
& s
urfa
ce
cons
truc
tion
Man
ufa
ctu
rin
g w
/ Sp
ace
Res
ou
rces
Sp
are
par
ts m
anu
fact
uri
ng
Loca
lly in
tegr
ated
sys
tem
s &
com
pone
nts
(esp
ecia
lly fo
r in
crea
sing
res
ourc
e pr
oces
sing
ca
pabi
litie
s)H
igh-
mas
s, s
impl
e ite
ms
(cha
irs, t
able
s,
repl
acea
ble
stru
ctur
e pa
nels
, wal
l uni
ts, w
ires,
ex
trud
ed p
ipes
/str
uctu
ral m
embe
rs, e
tc.)
Su
rfac
e C
on
stru
ctio
nR
adia
tio
n s
hie
ldin
g f
or
hab
itat
& n
ucl
ear
reac
tors
fro
m in
-sit
u r
eso
urc
es o
r p
rod
uct
s(B
erm
s, b
ricks
, pla
tes,
wat
er,
hydr
ocar
bons
, et
c.)
Lan
din
g p
ad c
lear
ance
, site
pre
para
tion,
ro
ads,
etc
.S
hiel
ding
from
mic
ro-m
eteo
roid
and
la
ndin
g/as
cent
plu
me
debr
isH
abita
t and
equ
ipm
ent p
rote
ctio
n
Sp
ace
Uti
litie
s &
Po
wer
Sto
rag
e &
dis
trib
uti
on
of
mis
sio
n
con
sum
able
sT
herm
al e
nerg
y st
orag
e &
use
So
lar
ener
gy
(PV
, con
cent
rato
rs, r
ecte
nnas
)C
hem
ical
en
erg
y (f
uel c
ells
, com
bust
ion,
ca
taly
tic r
eact
ors,
etc
.)
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 402
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
ISR
U E
nabl
es A
fford
able
, Sus
tain
able
&
Fle
xibl
e E
xplo
ratio
n
Sp
ace
Res
ou
rce
Uti
lizat
ion
Co
st R
edu
ctio
n
•R
edu
ces
nu
mb
er a
nd
siz
e o
f E
arth
la
un
ch v
ehic
les
•A
llow
s re
use
of
tran
spo
rtat
ion
ass
ets
•M
inim
izes
DD
T&
E c
ost
Exp
and
s H
um
anP
rese
nce
•In
crea
se s
urf
ace
mo
bili
tyan
d e
xten
d m
issi
on
s
•H
abit
at &
infr
astr
uct
ure
con
stru
ctio
n•
Co
nsu
mab
les
for
pro
pel
lan
t,lif
e su
pp
ort
, po
wer
, etc
.•
Su
bst
itu
te in
fras
tru
ctu
re c
arg
o f
or
Ear
th-s
ou
rce
pro
pel
lan
t &
co
nsu
mab
les
En
able
s S
pac
e C
om
mer
cial
izat
ion
•M
ater
ial h
and
ling
an
d p
roce
ssin
g
tech
no
log
ies
•In
fras
tru
ctu
re f
or
spac
e co
mm
erci
aliz
atio
n
•P
rop
ella
nt/
con
sum
able
dep
ots
at
Ear
th-M
oo
n L
1 &
Lu
nar
Su
rfac
e
Mas
s R
edu
ctio
n
Pro
pel
lan
t P
rod
uct
ion
•R
edu
ces
Ear
th t
o o
rbit
mas
s b
y 20
to
45%
fo
r M
ars
mis
sio
ns
•3.
5:1
to 4
:1 m
ass
savi
ng
s le
vera
ge
fro
m
Mo
on
/Mar
s su
rfac
e b
ack
to L
ow
Ear
th O
rbit
Ris
k R
edu
ctio
n
& F
lexi
bili
ty
•F
ewer
Ear
th la
un
ches
& r
edu
ced
m
issi
on
op
erat
ion
s•
Red
uce
d d
epen
den
ce o
n E
arth
•
Co
mm
on
har
dw
are
& m
issi
on
co
nsu
mab
les
•In
-sit
u f
abri
cati
on
of
spar
e p
arts
fo
r su
stai
nab
le s
elf-
suff
icie
ncy
•D
issi
mila
r re
du
nd
ancy
•
Rad
iati
on
& P
lum
e S
hie
ldin
g
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 403
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Pro
pella
nt fr
om th
e M
oon
Cou
ld R
evol
utio
nize
S
pace
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Apo
llo m
issi
ons
utili
zed
Ear
th -
supp
lied
prop
ella
nt(S
atur
n V
lifto
ff m
ass
= 2
,962
tons
)
Ref
uelin
g at
L1
and
on M
oon
redu
ces
laun
ch to
34%
of A
pollo
m
ass
(1,0
04 to
ns)
Ref
uelin
g at
Low
Ear
th
Orb
it, L
1 an
d on
Moo
n re
duce
s la
unch
to 1
2% o
f A
pollo
mas
s (3
55 to
ns) Add
a r
eusa
ble
luna
r la
nder
re
duce
s la
unch
to 2
68 to
ns
Luna
r la
nder
ref
uele
d on
the
Moo
n’s
surf
ace
redu
ces
laun
ch to
73
% o
f Apo
llo m
ass
(2,1
60 to
ns)
Sch
emat
ic r
epre
sent
atio
n of
the
scal
e of
an
Ear
th la
unch
sys
tem
for
scen
ario
s to
land
an
Apo
llo-s
ize
mis
sion
on
the
Moo
n,
assu
min
g va
rious
ref
uelin
g de
pots
and
an
in-s
pace
reu
sabl
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
em.
Not
e: A
pollo
sta
ge h
eigh
t is
scal
ed b
y es
timat
ed m
ass
redu
ctio
n du
e to
ISR
U
refu
elin
g
Add
a r
eusa
ble
uppe
r st
age
& la
nder
red
uces
la
unch
to 1
19 to
ns
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 404
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
NA
SA
ISR
U C
apab
ility
“R
oadm
ap”
Stu
dy, 2
005
Res
ourc
e E
xtra
ctio
n
13.1
Mat
eria
l Han
dlin
g &
T
rans
port
atio
nR
esou
rce
Pro
cess
ing
Add
itive
Man
ufac
turin
g T
echn
ique
s
Sub
trac
tive
Man
ufac
turin
g T
echn
olog
ies
For
mat
ive
Man
ufac
turin
g T
echn
olog
ies
Loca
lly In
tegr
ated
E
nerg
y S
yste
ms
Loca
lly In
tegr
ated
S
yste
ms
&
Com
pone
nts
Sur
face
Man
ufac
turin
g w
ith In
-Situ
Res
ourc
esS
urfa
ce C
onst
ruct
ion
Sur
face
Cry
ogen
ic
Flu
id &
Pro
pella
nt
Sto
rage
& D
istr
ibut
ion
Che
mic
al R
eage
nt
Sto
rage
& D
istr
ibut
ion
Gas
Sto
rage
&
Dis
trib
utio
n
Wat
er &
Ear
th S
tora
ble
Flu
id S
tora
ge &
D
istr
ibut
ion
Util
ity C
onne
ctio
ns &
In
terf
aces
Haz
ard
Det
ectio
n &
S
uppr
essi
on
Sur
face
ISR
U P
rodu
ct
& C
onsu
mab
le S
tora
ge
and
Dis
trib
utio
n13
.213
.3
13.4
.1
13.4
.2
13.4
.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
.1
13.6
.2
13.6
.3
13.6
13.4
.413
.6.4
13.4
.513
.6.5
13.6
.6
Man
ufac
turin
g S
uppo
rt
Sys
tem
s
13.4
.6
In-S
itu R
esou
rce
Util
izat
ion
13.0
Res
ourc
e A
sses
smen
t
13.1
.1
Res
ourc
e A
cqui
sitio
n
13.1
.2
Res
ourc
e B
enef
icia
tion
13.1
.3 Site
Man
agem
ent
13.1
.4
Mis
sion
Con
sum
able
P
rodu
ctio
n (L
ife
Sup
port
& P
rope
llant
Fee
dsto
ck P
rodu
ctio
n fo
r In
-Situ
M
anuf
actu
ring
Fee
dsto
ck P
rodu
ctio
n fo
r S
urfa
ce C
onst
ruct
ion
13.3
.1
13.3
.2
13.3
.3
Fix
ed S
ite
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Mob
ile M
ater
ial
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
13.2
.1
13.2
.2
13.2
.3
13.2
.4Cro
ss P
latfo
rm
Cap
abili
ties,
Rel
iabi
lity
and
Logi
stic
s
Pay
load
Mat
eria
l H
andl
ing
Cha
ir: K
ris R
omig
/JS
C&
Eric
Ric
e/O
rbite
cC
hair:
Pet
er C
urre
ri/M
SF
C&
Ed
McC
ullo
ugh/
Boe
ing
Cha
ir: L
. Ger
tch/
UM
R
& D
on R
app/
JPL
Cha
ir: R
ober
t Joh
nson
/KS
C&
Rob
ert Z
ubrin
/Pio
neer
Ast
.C
hairs
: K
urt S
acks
tede
r/G
RC
& D
ale
Bou
cher
/NO
RC
AT
Cha
irs:
Bill
Lar
son/
KS
C
& L
arry
Cla
rk/L
MC
O
Mod
elin
g &
Sta
ndar
ds
Sim
ulan
ts
13.7
.1
13.7
.2
ISR
U U
niqu
e D
evel
opm
ent &
C
ertif
icat
ion
Cap
abili
ties
13.7
Sur
face
& S
ubsu
rfac
e P
repa
ratio
n
Str
uctu
re/H
abita
t F
abric
atio
n
Rad
iatio
n &
Mic
ro
Met
eoro
id D
ebris
S
hiel
ding
Str
uctu
re &
Site
M
aint
enan
ce
1.5.
2
1.5.
3
1.5.
4
1.5.
5Site
Pla
nnin
g
1.5.
1
Land
ing
& L
aunc
h S
ite
1.5.
6
Cha
ir:
Jerr
y S
ande
rs/J
SC
Co-
Cha
ir:M
ike
Duk
e (C
SM
)
Uni
que
Tes
t E
nviro
nmen
ts (
1-g)
13.7
.3
Com
mon
Crit
ical
C
ompo
nent
s
13.3
.4
Cha
ir: D
iane
Lin
ne/G
RC
&
Mik
e D
owne
y/JS
C
Red
uced
Gra
vity
Tes
t Env
ironm
ents
13.7
.4
A C
atal
og a
nd T
imel
ine
of
Cap
abili
ties
for
the
Util
izat
ion
of S
pace
Res
ourc
es
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 405
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Tim
elin
e fo
r IS
RU
Cap
abili
ty Im
plem
enta
tion
Pol
ar H
2 M
appi
ng
to 5
km
Gro
und
Tru
th o
f P
olar
H2
Sou
rce
Mar
s IS
RU
sci
ence
ho
pper
cap
abili
ty
Mar
s at
mos
pher
e pr
opel
lant
pr
oduc
tion
& s
tora
ge
dem
onst
rate
d
Sub
scal
e lu
nar
rego
lith
exca
vatio
n &
O2
prod
uctio
n &
st
orag
e Val
idat
ion
of in
-situ
so
lar
elec
tric
ity
prod
uctio
n
Sub
scal
e M
ars
rego
lith
exca
vatio
n &
H2O
ext
ract
ion
Mar
s su
bsca
le h
uman
pro
pella
nt
prod
uctio
n &
sto
rage
cap
abili
ty
Luna
r O
2P
ilot
Pla
nt C
apab
ility
Mar
s de
ep d
rillin
g ca
pabi
lity
Pro
pella
nt, f
uel c
ell,
& li
fe
supp
ort p
rodu
ctio
n fo
r M
ars
Luna
r IS
RU
rob
otic
&
hum
an h
oppe
r ca
pabi
lity
0-g
ISR
U
proc
essi
ng
capa
bilit
y
Par
t fab
ricat
ion
&
infr
astr
uctu
re
cons
truc
tion
(pow
er,
habi
tat,
etc.
) ca
pabi
lity
dem
onst
rate
d
Pro
pella
nt p
rodu
ctio
n &
del
iver
y fo
r su
rfac
e ac
cess
& C
is-L
unar
tr
ansp
orta
tion
In-S
itu
Res
ou
rce
Uti
lizat
ion
mu
st e
arn
acc
epta
nce
fo
r m
issi
on
cri
tica
l ro
les
in c
rew
ed
mis
sio
ns
thro
ug
h c
on
vin
cin
g d
emo
nst
rati
on
s ea
rly
in t
he
Exp
lora
tio
n t
imel
ine
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 406
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Luna
r IS
RU
Impl
emen
tatio
n A
ppro
ach
Lu
nar
Mis
sio
n A
ssu
mp
tio
ns
wit
h IS
RU
Lu
nar
Mis
sio
n A
ssu
mp
tio
ns
wit
h IS
RU
(Lun
ar E
xplo
ratio
n A
naly
sis
Gro
up-L
EA
G)
•R
obot
ic p
recu
rsor
s id
entif
y re
sour
ces
and
valid
ate
criti
cal p
roce
sses
•E
arly
hum
an m
issi
ons
(4 to
14
days
) ga
in s
yste
m &
ope
ratio
nal e
xper
ienc
e un
til a
ca
ndid
ate
long
-ter
m s
ite is
sel
ecte
d–
Pre
-dep
loye
d IS
RU
/mis
sion
ass
ets
befo
re h
uman
mis
sion
s•
Dev
elop
infr
astr
uctu
re a
t one
bas
e fo
r M
ars
mis
sion
‘dre
ss r
ehea
rsal
s’(9
0 da
y &
500
da
y) a
nd s
usta
ined
hum
an p
rese
nce
in s
pace
–T
rave
rse
or h
op to
oth
er lo
catio
ns fo
r sh
ort t
erm
sci
ence
mis
sion
obj
ectiv
es
Init
ial C
apab
iliti
esIn
itia
l Cap
abili
ties
•S
urfa
ce r
egol
ith e
xcav
atio
n an
d m
anip
ulat
ion
–E
xcav
atio
n fo
r vo
latil
e ex
trac
tion
and
rego
lith
proc
essi
ng–
Ber
ms
and
shie
ldin
g fo
r ra
diat
ion
and
plum
e pr
otec
tion
–S
ite/la
ndin
g pa
d pr
epar
atio
n an
d ro
ad/d
ust
miti
gatio
n•
Ext
ract
ion
& r
ecov
ery
of u
sefu
l vol
atile
s fr
om
surf
ace
reso
urce
s (H
2, C
O, N
2, H
2O)
•O
xyge
n (O
2) p
rodu
ctio
n fr
om r
egol
ith p
roce
ssin
g•
Pro
duct
ion/
rege
nera
tion
of fu
el c
ell r
eage
nts
•C
ryog
enic
sto
rage
& tr
ansf
er
Mid
Mid
-- Ter
m IS
RU
Cap
abili
ties
Ter
m IS
RU
Cap
abili
ties
•In
-situ
fabr
icat
ion
and
repa
ir •
Spa
ce P
ower
•
The
rmal
ene
rgy
stor
age
& u
seL
on
gL
on
g-- T
erm
Lu
nar
Cap
abili
ties
Ter
m L
un
ar C
apab
iliti
es•
In-s
itu m
anuf
actu
ring
of c
ompl
ex p
arts
an
d eq
uipm
ent
•H
abita
t and
infr
astr
uctu
re c
onst
ruct
ion
(sur
face
& s
ubsu
rfac
e)•
Life
Sup
port
Sys
tem
–bi
o su
ppor
t (s
oil,
fert
ilize
rs, e
tc.)
•H
eliu
m-3
isot
ope
(3 He)
min
ing
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 407
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
ISR
U T
echn
ical
-to-
Mis
sion
Cap
abili
ty R
oadm
ap
Res
ou
rce
Exc
avat
ion
&
Sep
arat
ion
•R
egol
ith E
xcav
atio
n an
d H
andl
ing
•R
egol
ith
Ben
efic
iatio
n•
The
rmal
/Mic
row
ave
Vol
atile
s E
xtra
ctio
n•
H2O
Sep
arat
ion
•C
O2
& N
2S
epar
atio
n
Res
ou
rce
Pro
cess
ing
•R
educ
tion
of M
etal
s &
S
ilico
n fo
r O
xyge
n an
d S
olid
Fee
dsto
ck•
H2O
Sep
arat
ion
for
Oxy
gen
and
Fue
l•
CO
2S
epar
atio
n fo
r O
xyge
n an
d F
uel
In-S
itu
Man
ufa
ctu
rin
g•
Met
allic
par
ts•
Pol
ymer
par
ts•
Sol
ar c
ell p
rodu
ctio
n
Co
nsu
mab
le S
tora
ge
& D
istr
ibu
tio
n•
Liqu
efac
tion
and
Pre
ssur
izat
ion
•S
tora
ge a
nd
Dis
trib
utio
n Lo
gist
ics
Luna
r P
olar
Wat
er
Exp
lore
r
Mar
s P
olar
Wat
er
Ext
ract
ion
Dem
o
Luna
r O
2 P
rodu
ctio
n D
emo
Vo
lati
le S
ou
rce
Gas
es f
or
Pow
er, P
rop
uls
ion
, & L
ife
Su
pp
ort
Luna
r V
olat
ile
Ext
ract
ion
( H2,
H20
, He
& H
e3 )
Mar
s O
2&
Fue
l P
rodu
ctio
n
So
lid R
eso
urc
e U
tiliz
atio
n, I
mp
rove
d L
og
isti
cs &
Infr
astr
uct
ure
Gro
wth
Mic
ro-G
ravi
ty
Man
ufac
turin
g D
emo
on IS
S
Sol
ar C
ell &
S
pare
Par
ts
Man
ufac
turin
g D
emo
[H2O
]
[H2O
]
Pro
spec
ting
Flig
ht E
xper
imen
ts
In-S
itu
Res
ou
rce
Det
erm
inat
ion
& E
ng
inee
rin
g D
ata
Luna
r O
2P
rodu
ctio
n
Luna
r F
uel
Pro
duct
ion
Mar
s O
2&
Fue
l P
rodu
ctio
n D
emo
In-S
itu
Co
nst
ruct
ion
•H
abita
ts•
Spa
cepo
rt•
Sur
face
T
rans
port
atio
n
Luna
r C
onst
ruct
ion
Dem
oIS
RU
-bas
ed
Infr
astr
uctu
re
ISR
U
Tec
hn
ical
Cap
abili
ties
Luna
r O
2P
ilot P
lant
ISR
UM
issi
on
C
apab
iliti
es
Reg
olit
h &
Atm
osp
her
e S
ou
rce
Gas
es f
or
Pow
er, P
rop
uls
ion
& L
ife
Su
pp
ort
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 408
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
ISR
U R
esou
rces
& P
rodu
cts
of In
tere
st
Ilmen
ite -
15%
FeO
•TiO
298
.5%
Ano
rthi
te -
20%
CaO
•Al 2
O3•
SiO
297
.7%
Oliv
ine
-15
%2M
gO•S
iO2
56.6
%2F
eO•S
iO2
42.7
%
Pyr
oxen
e -
50%
CaO
•SiO
236
.7%
MgO
•SiO
229
.2%
FeO
•SiO
217
.6%
Al 2
O3•
SiO
29.
6%T
iO2•
SiO
26.
9%
MA
RE
RE
GO
LIT
H
Hyd
roge
n (H
2)H
eliu
m (
He)
Hel
ium
-3 (
3 He)
Car
bon
(C)
Pol
ar W
ater
(H
2O)/
H2
50 -
150
ppm
3 -
50 p
pm10
-2pp
m10
0 -
150
ppm
1 -
10%
VO
LA
TIL
ES
(S
ola
r W
ind
& P
ola
r Ic
e/H
2)V
apor
Pyr
olys
is
Mol
ten
Ele
ctro
lysi
s
Hyd
roge
n R
educ
tion
of Il
men
ite/g
lass
Met
hane
Red
uctio
n (C
arbo
ther
mal
)
Sul
furic
Aci
d R
educ
tion
The
rmal
Vol
atile
Ext
ract
ion
Ele
ctro
lysi
s b
ed
Des
olv
e/D
iges
t R
eact
or
2FeT
iO3
+ 2
H2S
O4
2H2O
+ 2
FeS
O4+
2T
iO2
O+
2F
e+
2H
2SO
42H
2O +
2F
eSO
42
O2,
2F
e
Mo
lten
Ele
ctro
lysi
s R
eact
or
2FeT
iO3
2FeO
2F
e+
2T
iO2
+ O
22F
e+
O2
2SiO
22S
iO +
O2
O2
O2,
2F
e
Flu
idiz
ed B
ed R
eact
or
O2
Wat
er e
lect
roly
sis
2FeT
iO3
+ 2
H2
2H2O
+ 2
Fe
+ 2
TiO
290
0°C
O2
+
2H2
2H2O
2Fe
25°C
Met
han
e R
efo
rmer
Met
han
e R
edu
ctio
n F
urn
ace
Wat
er e
lect
roly
sis
2Mg
O+
Si
2CO
+ 4
H2
+M
g2S
iO4
Mg
SiO
3
+2C
H4
2FeT
iO3
2TiO
2+
2F
e
Mg
O+
Si
2CO
+ 6
H2
1625
°C
2H2O
+ 2
CH
425
0°C
2H2
+
O2
2H2O
25°C
O2
Fe
SiO
42
2FeO
+ S
i
CaS
iOC
aO+
Si
2Fe
Si
Fe
SiO
3F
eO+
Si
, 2A
l, 2C
a
Pyr
oly
sis
Rea
cto
r/C
on
den
ser
2SiO
2
2Al 2
O3
2Mg
O
2CaA
l 2S
i O
8
2SiO
+ O
2
4AlO
+ O
2
2Mg
+ O
2
2Ca
+ 2
AlO
+ 2
Al+
4S
iO +
5O
2
2FeT
iO3
2Fe
+ 2
TiO
2+
O2
2FeO
2F
e+
O2
2AlO
+ 2
Al +
O2
2
O2
O2,
2F
e
O2
O2,
2A
l
O2
5O2
2500
°C
2500
°C
>200
0°C
>200
0°C
2Al 2
O3
>200
0°C
>200
0°C
>200
0°C
2CaO
2C
a+
O2
>200
0°C
2CaA
l 2S
i O
82C
a+
4A
lO +
4S
iO +
4O
22
4O2,
2C
a 25
00°C
LU
NA
R R
ES
OU
RC
ES
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 409
Kur
t Sac
kste
der,
NA
SA
GR
C, K
urt.S
acks
tede
r@na
sa.g
ov
Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spa
ce A
dmin
istr
atio
n
ww
w.n
asa.
gov
Cha
lleng
ing
Sea
ls R
equi
rem
ents
for
ISR
U
Th
e M
oo
n is
a H
arsh
En
viro
nm
ent
•T
empe
ratu
res
from
40K
(-2
30C
) to
450
K (
150C
)•
Hig
h V
acuu
m, 1
0-10
mm
Hg
•D
ust:
abra
sive
, sta
tic c
ling,
etc
.•
Par
tial g
ravi
tyIn
itia
l IS
RU
Cap
abili
ties
Init
ial I
SR
U C
apab
iliti
es•
Sur
face
reg
olith
exc
avat
ion
and
man
ipul
atio
n –
mec
hani
sm b
earin
gs
and
rego
lith
abra
sion
–E
xcav
atio
n fo
r vo
latil
e ex
trac
tion
and
rego
lith
proc
essi
ng–
Ber
ms
and
shie
ldin
g fo
r ra
diat
ion
and
plum
e pr
otec
tion
–S
ite/la
ndin
g pa
d pr
epar
atio
n an
d ro
ad/d
ust m
itiga
tion
•E
xtra
ctio
n &
rec
over
y of
use
ful v
olat
iles
from
sur
face
res
ourc
es(H
2,
CO
, N2,
H2O
) –
enca
psul
ate
rego
lith
durin
g ex
cava
tion
and
heat
ing
•O
xyge
n (O
2) p
rodu
ctio
n fr
om r
egol
ith p
roce
ssin
g –
high
tem
pera
ture
re
acto
rs a
nd r
eage
nt r
ecov
ery
syst
ems
•P
rodu
ctio
n/re
gene
ratio
n of
fuel
cel
l rea
gent
s –
fuel
tran
sfer
ope
ratio
ns•
Cry
ogen
ic s
tora
ge &
tran
sfer
–va
lves
and
oth
er p
lum
bing
issu
es
NASA/CP—2006-214383/VOL1 410