Name: Claribel C. Ayanan BME-IIIPOSITION PAPER IN ASEAN

THE NATIONAL HEROES OF ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES

BRUNEIAwang Alak Betatar ( Muhammad Shah)

o First sultan of Bruneio Established the sultanate of Bruneio The Sha-er Awang Semaun legend says

that he founded Brunei with his brothers. Description:

The current Sultanate of Brunei was formed by Muhammad Shah, with the help of his brothers Awang Pateh Berbai (also known as Ahmad of Brunei, the third Sultan of Brunei) and Awang Semaun. He ruled from 1368 to his death in 1402. He ruled as Raja Awang Alak Betatar until the early 1360s, at which point he converted to Islam to marry the daughter of the King of Temasik (Old Singapore, known as that time in Brunei as Johor).

Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shah_of_Brunei i

CAMBODIAOknha Son Kuy

o Governor of Preach Trapeang provinceo Beheaded in 1841 by the Vietnamese so

that Khmer Krom may practice their religion and culture.

o Died for Khmer nation and religion in 1821Last Words

“I am moved very much to have seeing [our] compatriots and Buddhist monks before I depart this life. I beg for your forgiveness from [our] compatriots and their Venerable Buddhist monks for I do not possess sufficient ability to serve our Motherland any more. Therefore I must end my life so that our [Khmer] Nation lives on without a bit of remorse. Now our

custom, tradition, culture and Khmer Buddhism have returned after the demand. Therefore, may Your Venerable Buddhist Monks and all compatriots preserve, defend, protect and guard them religiously from perishing. May Your Venerable Buddhist Monks and compatriots remember and understand clearly that our Khmer race used to be superior and widely known throughout the world. Therefore we must be firm and united always, do not believe the enemy’s tricks, do not sell yourself to any enemies so that they can kill your own nation and compatriots for personal interest. In the end, I believe clearly that I, as an individual, die, but...there will be millions of future Khmer children and compatriots, who are highly patriotic and bravely willing to sacrifice, die, defend, protect, guard and preserve the national sovereignty, liberty, Buddhism and Khmer race so they can live on.”

Retrieved from: http://www.khmerkromngo.org/oknha-son-kuy/

SINGAPORELim Bo Seng

o Set up the Sino-British guerrilla task force Force 136

o Refused to provide the Japanese with any information about Force 136 despite being subjected to severe torture.

Description: Lim Bo Seng is a national hero in Singapore for his

resistance to Japanese forces during World War II. A native Chinese who moved to Singapore as a child, Lim led efforts to raise funds to help China fight Japanese invasion in the late 1930s. When the Japanese captured Singapore, Lim escaped to India and joined Force 136, a group of resistance fighters organized by the British. He was captured after infiltrating Japanese territory in 1944; despite punishment and torture, he refused to reveal the names of other resistance fighters. He died in captivity, becoming a martyr to the cause of Singapore.

Retrieved from: http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/limboseng.html

LAOSKing Chao Anouvong Description:

Chao Anouvong (1767-1829), or Chao Anou for short, was the last king of the former Lao kingdom of Lane Xang. He ruled from 1805 to 1828 in Vientiane and

came to power after his brother’s death.  Chao Anouvong had long been an ally of the Thai monarchs against Burmese invaders but unfortunately his accomplishments and support of the Thai kingdom was not well recognized. From 1826 to 1828 Chao Anouvong rebelled against Siam in an attempt to gain independence from Siam.

Chao Anouvong initially captured the Thai stronghold of Korat (Nakhon Ratchasima) with his army. He assumed that the local Lao people would follow and support him in his attempt to liberate the area inhabited mostly by Lao people (modern-day Isaan province). The support, however, was not as great as expected and Chao Anouvong had to withdraw his forces. Lady Mo, the deputy governor’s wife, is known for harassing the Lao invaders while they were withdrawing. Finally Chao Anouvong’s army was defeated in a three-day skirmish near Vientiane and the Siamese King Rama III ordered his troops to sack and occupy Vientiane.

Retrieved from : http://jclao.com/chao-anouvong-laos-last-king

THAILAND King Naresuan

o Known for his campaigns to free Thailand from Bamars under the Taungoo Dynasty

o Vanquished the leader of his enemies in the Elephant Battle, a one-on-one battle fought on the backs of elephants.

History: At the age of nine, he had been taken as hostage to

Burma for six years. On his return to Ayutthaya, he was given the principality to govern by his father. He developed his military expertise. When his father died, he was made King of Ayutthaya in 1590 at the age of thirty- five. 

During his reign, many armies attacked the city of Ayutthaya. As a great warrior king, he liberated Ayutthaya from Burma. He led the soldiers into battles to defend the country against Burmese invasions several times. With courage, he declared the independence of Ayutthaya at Muang Kraeng in May, 1584. In the most famous combat, King Naresuan had a duel on elephants with the Burmese Crown Prince at Nong Sa Rai near Suphanburi Province in January, 1593. He won and killed the Burmese Crown Prince in combat on elephant back. King Naresuan succeeded in his offensive against both Burmese and Cambodians who made a series of raids. During his reign, King Naresuan restored national independence and extended Ayutthaya's territory to include Lanna, Lanchang, Cambodia and some parts of Burma. He also made Ayutthaya such a

powerful country that no enemy threatened the walls of Ayutthaya again for a period of one hundred seventy three years. 

Retrieved from : https://teachers.net/lessonplans/posts/1961.html

INDONESIAGeneral Raden Sudirman

o First commander-in-chief of Indonesian Armed Forces

o Known for his unwavering selfless patriotism, prioritizing the nation’s security and sovereignty above his life

o Unified the disparate rival Indonesian armed groups that formed after the Japanese defeat.

History: General sudirman known as one of the mighty

services Indonesia, remembered is in the struggle for independence day of the Republic of Indonesia. General Soedirman according to Great spelling Soewandi read Sudirman, He is one of those people who have five-star rank besides Suharto and A H. Nasution. General of the army Indonesia was born in Bodas Karangjati, Rembang, Purbalingga, January 24, 1916. His father was named, Karsid Kartawiuraji and his mother called Siyem, his mother,.

But he was more lives with his uncle named Raden Cokrosunaryo after adopted. When Sudirman moved to Cilacap in 1916, he joined with Islamic organization Muhammadiyah and a student who diligently and active in extracurricular activities. His capacity in led and organise and obedience in Islam made he was honored by the community. General Sudirman was one of the great figures among the very few other people who has ever been born by a revolution.

Retrieved form : http://wina-rto.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-great-general-sudirman.html

PHILIPPINES Jose Rizal (Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda)

o Wrote 2 novels that criticized Philippines’ Spanish colonizers and helped spark the rebellion

o Called on Spanish authorities to institute reforms such as granting freedom of the press and Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.

History Rizal was born in the Philippines' Laguna Province. He studied medicine in

Manila but left to complete his degree in Spain in 1882. While in Europe, Rizal wrote multiple works that exposed the immorality of Spanish colonial rule and advocated for reform in the Philippines, particularly rallying for equal treatment of Filipinos, curbing the power of Spanish friars and allowing for Filipino representation in the Spanish political system. When Rizal returned to the Philippines, he founded a group that championed non-violent protest. Despite his peaceful ways, he was exiled from the Philippines to the island of Mindanao.

Eventually, Rizal was allowed to return to the Philippines as an army doctor, but within a year of his return, a Filipino nationalist society called the Katipunan revolted. Though Rizal had no connections to the group and did not approve of the group's violent methods, Rizal was nonetheless arrested, tried, convicted of sedition and executed by public firing squad on Dec. 30, 1896. Rizal's execution further sparked opposition to Spanish rule, and in 1898, the Philippines were liberated from Spanish rule.

Retrieved from: http://filipinojournal.com/national-hero/

MALAYSIAMahathir Mohamad

o Fourth Prime Minister of Malaysiao Granted the soubriquet of Bapa

Pemodenan (father of Modernization)o Named a Grand Commander of the

Order of the Defender of the RealmDescription:

Mahathir had a significant impact on the economy, culture and government of Malaysia. He won five consecutive elections and served for 22 years, longer than any other prime minister in Malaysia’s history. Under him, Malaysia experienced rapid economic growth. He began privatizing government enterprises, including airlines, utilities and telecommunications, which raised money for the government and improved working conditions for many employees, although many of the beneficiaries were UMNO supporters. One of his most significant infrastructure projects was the North-South Expressway, a highway that runs from the Thai border to Singapore.

Retrieved from: http://www.biography.com/people/mahathir-mohamad-9395417#prime-minister

MYANMARAung San

o Responsible for bringing Burma’s independence from British rule

o Recognized as the leading architect of independence

o Founded the union of BurmaDescription:

Aung San was a revolutionary nationalist leader of Burmese origin. He is regarded as the father of modern-day Burma. He took the initiative to set up the Communist Party of Burma and played a vital role in the independence of Burma from the British rule. His political activity reflected his anti-British and anti-imperialist ideology. At the beginning of his political career in national politics, be became a ‘Thakin’ after joining the Dobama Asiayone or Our Burma Union. He worked for the establishment of the All-Burma Peasants League. Along with Dr. Ba Maw, he was instrumental in setting up the Freedom Bloc. During the World War II, Japanese Emperor Hirohito conferred him the Order of the Rising Sun. With the help of the Japanese, he formed a Burmese military force namely the Burma Independence Army. Later, he became sceptical about the promises made by the Japanese about true independence of Burma and switched to the Allies. He played a crucial part in the formation of the Anti-Fascist organization. He led the Burmes National Army in a revolt against the Japanese occupiers and helped the Allies defeat the Japanese. His successful negotiation at the Panglong Conference was an important step towards the independence of Burma. Unfortunately, he was assassinated six months before Burma attained independence.

Retrieved from : http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/general-aung-san-3327.php

VIETNAM Ho Chi Minh

o Declared Vietnam’s independence and became the first president of the republic.

o Instrumental role in the defeat of French forces in 1945 at Dien Bien Phu

Description:

Ho Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I. Inspired by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941. At World War II’s end, Viet Minh forces seized the northern Vietnamese city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (or North Vietnam) with Ho as president. Known as “Uncle Ho,” he would serve in that position for the next 25 years, becoming a symbol of Vietnam’s struggle for unification during a long and costly conflict with the strongly anti-Communist regime in South Vietnam and its powerful ally, the United States.

Retrieved from: http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/ho-chi-minh