natural enemies of tuta absoluta: orius, geocorisand new ...€¦ · control of tuta and other...
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Natural Enemies of Tuta absoluta:
Orius, Geocoris and new species?
Vanda H.P. Bueno, Juracy C. Lins Jr & Joop C. van Lenteren²Laboratory of Biological Control, UFLA, Brazil
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
6th Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting (ABIM)
Lucerne, Switzerland
24th – 26th October 2011
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Tuta absoluta Originates from South America
Can cause yield losses up to 100%
Attacks all stages of tomato plants
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Tomato fruit borerNeoleucinodes elegantalis
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
In Brazil besides, T. absoluta....
Two other important lepidopteran pests on tomato
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Tomato fruit borerNeoleucinodes elegantalis
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Tomato fruitwormHelicoverpa zea
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
In Brazil besides, T. absoluta....
Two other important lepidopteran pests on tomato
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Control of Tuta and otherlepidopterans in Brazil
Mainly chemical control ≈ 36 sprays per 12 weeks Vegetable with highest pesticide use (59,4 Kg a.i./ha;12 weeks) Resistance development against pesticides Elimination of natural enemies
Biological control Trichogramma pretiosum
Does not yet provide reliable protection against the pest
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What might be the best natural enemy for Tuta and the other lepidopterans?:
Generalist egg parasitoid?
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What might be the best natural enemy for Tuta and the other lepidopterans?:
Generalist egg parasitoid? (not effective)
Specialist larval parasitoid?
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What might be the best natural enemy for Tuta and the other lepidopterans?:
Generalist egg parasitoid? (not effective)
Specialist larval parasitoid? (not effective against other leps)
Generalist predator?
Yes, because they kill other pest species
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What characteristics should be studied to identify an efficient predator for control of T. absoluta?
1. Walks and reproduces on tomato plant ?
2. Kills sufficient prey ?
3. Efficient and economic mass rearing system possible ?
4. Kills other pest species (leps, whiteflies, aphids etc.) ?
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Predatory bugs in use:
Nabis pseudoferus
Nesidiocoris tenuis
Macrolophus pygmaeus
Arnó et al., (2009); Mollá et al., (2009), Urbaneja et al. (2009); Cabello et al, 2009, Calvo et al., (2010)
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Potential predatory bugs for use:Anthocoridae
Orius insidiosus (Say)
Geocoridae
Geocoris punctipes
Generally occurring species in Brazil:
Orius insidiosus (effective for thrips control, commercially used in Brazil)
Geocoris punctipes (not commercially used in Brazil)
Both are reported as natural enemies of T. absoluta in Brazil
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0
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aA
N° eggs offered
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onsu
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eggs
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MalesFemales
bAcA
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10 20 40 60
MalesFemales
bAcA
abA
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N° eggs offered
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onsu
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eggs
O. insidiosus can eat up to 30 eggs of Tuta per day
Increase of egg density
>Increase in egg predation
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O. insidiosus were able to walk on the leaflets, find, preyupon and consume the eggs of T. absoluta !
But, can it walk on the stems......?
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Eggs 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
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sumed egg
s/larvae
Developmental stage of Tuta absoluta
Male
Female
Geocoris punctipes: eats few eggs; mainly eats larvae at least 9 per day
Offered 10 larvae/day
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G. punctipes were able to walk on the leaflets, find, preyupon and consume the larvae of T. absoluta !
But, it also can not walk on the stems...
Larva of Tuta preyed by Geocoris
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And… now the Good News!
We found recently 4 new Tuta predators in Brazil
. they can walk on the stem; and
. they reproduce and establish on tomato….
They are now being studied by my research group
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Thank you Muito Obrigada
Research Group
V. H. P. BuenoJ. C. Lins JrJ. C. van LenterenD. B. SilvaA. M. CalixtoF. Montes
Acknowledgments