Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Chapter 3

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Genes: Our Codes for Life

Twin Studies

Temperament Studies

Heritability

Gene-Environment Interaction

The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics

W

E

D

N

E

S

D

A

Y

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature

Natural Selection

An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality

Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective

T

H

U

R

S

D

A

Y

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Parents and Peers

Parents and Early Experiences

Peer Influence

Cultural Influences

Variations Across Cultures

Culture and the Self

F

R

I

D

A

Y

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Cultural Influences

Culture and Child-Rearing

Developmental Similarities Across Groups

Gender Development

Gender Similarities and Differences

M

O

N

D

A

Y

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Gender Development

The Nature of Gender

The Nurture of Gender

Reflections on Nature and Nurture

You will receive your Ch. 3 exam as you leave class – you are responsible for bringing it to class Wednesday

T

U

E

S

D

A

Y

WEDNESDAY, NOV. 21, 2012

Work on Ch. 3 take home exam in class

It is due Monday, November 26, 2012

Key Terms for genetics•Genotype is the genetic makeup of a

cell, usually with reference to a specific character under consideration

•Phenotype – observable trait (hair color, eye color, etc…)

•Alleles – components of a gene (2 in each gene)

•Heterozygous – one dominant allele and one recessive allele

•Homozygous – both dominant alleles or both recessive alleles

Punnett Square

•a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

•Used by biologist to determine the probability of an offspring’s having a particular genotype.

Punnett Square

Allele 1 Allele 2

Allele 1

Allele 2

1&1 1&2

2&1 2&2

Punnett Square – each pea has a dominant gene (G) and a recessive gene(g) – By using a punnett square, you can predict the results of the mating of the two peas

Punnett Square Activity #1

• Brown eyes = B

• Blue eyes = b

• Mom has Bb

• Dad has BB

• What are the eye color possibilities of their children?

Mom B bDad

B

B

BB Bb

BB Bb

100% the children would

have Brown eyes

Punnett Square Activity #2

• Curly hair is recessive, and straight hair is dominant. A woman with curly hair marries a man who is homozygous dominant for straight hair. Predict the outcomes for their children.

Punnett Square Activity #3

• Black hair is homozygous dominant. Brown hair is heterozygous. Blond hair is homozygous recessive (an example of incomplete dominance). A woman with brown hair marries a man with brown hair. What are the possible outcomes for their kids?

Punnett Square Activity #4

• Attached earlobes are dominant over free hanging earlobes. Complete the Punnett Square for the following individuals:

–Mom = BB

–Dad = bb

Punnett Square Activity #5

• Height T = tall (5’11”-6’2”)

• Height Tt = medium (5’4”-5’10”)• Height t = short (5’3” or less) –incomplete

dominance

• Mom = 5’5”

• Dad = 6’0”

What are the possible height outcomes of their children?

Punnett Square Activity #6

• Freckles are recessive. No freckles are dominant

• Mom = heterozygous

• Dad = homozygous recessive

What are the possible outcomes for their kids?

Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences

Behavior Geneticists study our differences and weigh the

relative effects of heredity and environment.

Genes: Our Codes for LifeChromosomes containing DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid) are situated in the nucleus of a cell.

Genes: Our Codes for LifeSegments within DNA consist of

genes that make proteins to determine our development.

GenomeGenome is the set of complete instructions for making an organism, containing all the genes in that organism. Thus, the human

genome makes us human, and the genome for drosophila makes it a common house fly.

Genetically speaking, we are 99.9% the same. It is that .1%, along with our

environment, that makes us different.Additionally, at specific DNA sites, we are

99.4% as chimpanzees.

Twin BiologyStudying the effects of heredity and

environment on two sets of twins, identical and fraternal, has come in handy.

Separated Twins

Separated Twins

Personality, Intelligence

Abilities, Attitudes

Interests, Fears

Brain Waves, Heart Rate

A number of studies compared

identical twins raised separately

from birth, or close thereafter,

and found numerous

similarities.

Separated Twins

Critics of separated twin studies note that such similarities can be found

between strangers. Researchers point out that differences between fraternal twins

are greater than identical twins.

Bob

Sach

a

HOMEWORK

READ IN TEXT BOOK

Ch 3

pg 95-106