n∂v alm-t m-[-Øn-te°v · t_m[-im-kv{x-w awarology by the master nansen school of awarology and...

$: n∂v alm-t m-[-Øn-te°v · t_m[-im-kv{X-w Awarology By The Master Nansen School of Awarology and Neutral Life 4/4 14-A, Vadakottathara, Kottathara P.O., Palakkad Dt, Kerala. Pin$
t_m[-im-kv{X-w

Awarology

ByThe Master

Nansen School of Awarology and Neutral Life4/4 14-A, Vadakottathara, Kottathara P.O., Palakkad Dt, Kerala.

Pin 678581Tel : +91 9496 520 103, 9496 520 108

web: www.awarology.org

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v

alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v

acWw bmYm¿∞ya√ F∂v

sXfn-bn-°p∂ imkv{Xw

am\-knI ZpxJsØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw

C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ ]pkvXIw

MalayalamVYAKTHIBODATHIL NINNU MAHABODATHILEKKU

By THE MASTER

Typesetting : Sindhu Ramdas Palluruthy

Cover Design : JB Graphics, Koratty

First Edition : 2017

Rs. 190/-

Copies : 1000

ISBN No :

Rights reserved to publishers

No Part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by anymeans electronic or mechanical including photocopying or recording or byany information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing

from Nansen School of Awarology and Neutral Life.

PublishersNansen School of Awarology and Neutral Life

4/414-A, Vadakottathara, Kottathara P.O.,Palakkad Dt., Kerala. Tel : +91 9496 520 103, 9496 520 108

web: www.awarology.org

Ah-Xm-cnI

PohnXw, A\p-`hßƒ sIm≠v bmYm¿∞yhpw Adnhp

sIm≠v \iz-chp-amWv F∂v Hcp-h\p tXm∂n-bm¬, PohnXw Zp -

l-am-Ipw. ]c-kv]cw FXn-cmbn \n¬°p∂ c≠v kXy-ßsf Hcp-

an®v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ _p≤n°v km≤y-a-√. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy¿ A\p-

-h-am-Ip∂ Pohn-XsØ kzoI-cn®v Adn-hmb Pohn-XsØ X≈n-°-

f-™p.

Bflo-b-\m-bmepw `uXnI-\m-bmepw ÿnXn H∂p Xs∂.

\iz-c-amWv F∂ Adn-hns\ X≈n-bmepw bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂

A\p- -hsØ X≈n-bmepw PohnXw ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw sIm≠v

Zp -l-am-Ipw. Imc-Ww, Adn-bp∂ hy‡n-t_m[w kXy-am-Wv. AXv

tZlsØ t]mse \in®p t]mIp-∂-X-√. tZlw, thZ-\sbbpw

kpJsØbpw t_m[-Øn\v A\p- -h-s∏-SpØn sImSp-°p∂ am[yaw

B-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ \ne-\n¬∏v anYy-bm-sW∂v Dƒs°m-≈m\pw

km≤y-a-√. AXn-\m¬ A\p`hßsf PohnX bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmbn

\ymboIcn°p∂ bp‡n-Iƒ°v a\p-jy¿ cq]w \¬In.

bp‡n- sIm≠v kzbw kam-[m-\n-°m-sa-∂-√msX \iz-c-Xsb

bmYm¿∞yw B°m≥ km≤y-a-√. AXv tIhe bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬

\n∂v \sΩ IqSp-X-embn AI-‰p-Ibpw sNøpw. Aßn-s\-bm-bm¬

F√mhcpw PohnXw kpJ- -ZpxJ kΩn-{i-am-sW∂ kXyw kzoI-cn-

t°≠n hcpw. Aßns\ kzoI-cn-®-h-cn¬ Hcp hn`mKw ZpxJhpw thZ-

\bpw Pohn-XsØ an°-hmdpw Iog-S-°p-∂Xp I≠v Bfl-l-Xybpw

ab°p acp-∂p-Ifpw aZyhpw Hcp t]mwh-gn-bmbn kzoI-cn-®p. as‰mcp

hn`mKw _p≤nbpw BflobXbpw sIm≠v Chsb ]e coXn-bnepw

]cn-l-cn-°m≥ {ian-®p.

\nc-¥-c-amb ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw ss\an-jnI kt¥m-jhpw

kpJhpw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°n-

bm¬, AXv D-t]-£n®v Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ imiz-X-ambXpw ]c-am-\-

μ-hp-amb Hcp \ne-\n¬∏v km≤y-amtWm F∂v A-t\z-jn-°-Ww.

Pm{KXv, Xpcobw F∂o c≠v t_m[-X-e-ß-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw

H∂n¬ Cu `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ km≤y-X-bmWv Cu ]pkvXIw

\nß-fpsS apºn¬ hbv°p-∂-Xv. t_m[w JWvVn-°-s∏ v hy‡n-t_m[w

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v4Bsb∂pw AXv Nen-°p∂p F∂pw hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂p

F∂pap≈ A\p- hsØ Pm{K-Xv F∂pw; t_m[w AJ-WvV- -\n-

›-e-˛-\n- w-K-am-sW∂ A\p-`hsØ Xpcobw F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.

Ah-bn¬ GXv kzoI-cn-®mepw AXv icn Xs∂-bm-Wv. ImcWw

tZlØns‚ km∂n≤yw Xpcobw F∂ ip≤ t_m[sØ

Pm{KØmbn tXm∂n-°p∂p Ft∂bp≈p.

Hcp e£yhpan√mØ Pohn-X-Øn\p th≠n GXv ITn\ thZ-

\bpw kln-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂-h\p apºn¬ Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p- -

h-ßfpw am{X-a√ ssZhwt]mepw tXm‰p t]mIpw. PohnXw Hcp hy‡n-

-˛-t_m-[-Øns‚ Ah-Im-ihpw kzmX-{¥y-hp-am-Wv. ]s£, B

kzmX{¥yw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw acW

tijhpw XpS-cp-sa∂p IqSn Adn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-°p∂p F∂v \Sn°p∂

Hcp Iq´w Bflo-b At\zjI¿ Cu `qanbnep-≠v.- A-h-cn¬ Nne¿

kXyw At\z-jn®v k\ymkn\n˛k-\ym-kn-Ifmbpw a‰p Nne¿ tkh-

Icmbpw ]ns∂ Hcp Iq´¿ Ah-[q-X-∑m-cpw {_“-Nm-cn-I-fpambn

lnam-e-b-Øn¬ t]mepw Pohn-°p-∂p. a™p aqSnb lnam-e-bhpw

kXyhpw XΩn¬ F¥mWv _‘-sa∂v CXp-h-scbpw Bcpw Is≠-

Øn-bn-´p-an-√.

kXyw AYhm ssZhw AYhm tIh-e -bm-Ym¿∞yw (abso-lute reality) \n¿Δ-Nn-°p-hm\pw `mj sIm≠v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-

hm\pw A\p- -hn-°p-hm\pw km≤y-a√ F∂mWv ]pcm-X\ Imew

sXms´ a\p-jy¿ ]d™p ]c-Øp-∂-Xv. shdpw c≠v aWn-°q¿

sIm≠v kXyw Fs¥∂v t_m≤ys∏-Sp-Øm≥ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn\v

Ign-bpw. Aßns\ \m≥-sk≥ kvIqƒ Hm^v Fth-bvtdm-f-Pnbn¬

kXyw At\z-jn®v h∂-h-cn¬ F√m-hcpw AXv t_m≤y-s∏´v t]mIp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Ah-cmcpw Hcn-°¬ t]mepw Xncn®p h∂n-

√. kXy-sØ-°p-dn-®-h-cmcpw FXn¿∏pw kwi-bhpw D∂-bn-®Xp-an-√.

]ns∂, F¥p sIm≠v Ah¿ Xncn®p h∂v Rßƒ°v ssZhsØ

A\p- -h-s∏-SpØn Xc-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏- n-√? Ahn-sS-bmWv kXym-

t\-j-Is‚ X´n∏v ]pdØp NmSp-∂-Xv.

ssZhsØ At\z-jn®v {]tXyI hkv{Xhpw DØ-co-bhpw

[cn®v XmSnbpw hf¿Øn tXmfn-semcp k©nbpw Xq°n \S-°p-∂-

h¿, IpSpw_ Pohn-XsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-sc-°mfpw ocp-°fpw

5aSn-b-∑mcpw kpJtemep-]-cp-am-Wv. Hc-≤zm-\hpw sNømsX a‰p-≈-

h-cpsS kºØv kw`m-h-\-bmbn kzoI-cn-°p-∂ B[p-\nI `n£-

°m-cm-Wn-h¿. N{aw]S-™n-cp∂v [ym\n-®m¬ a\ v \jvS-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw

ssZhsØ A-\p- q-Xn-Ifmbpw \nd-ß-fmbpw Du¿÷-ambpw IpWvV-

en-\n- i‡nbmbpw A\p-`-hn-°m-sa∂pw; a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n

tkh\w sNbvXm¬ ssZhØn¬ FØn-t®-cm-sa∂pw Ch¿ ]d™p

]c-Øp-∂p. Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bpsS hn{à aXn-{ -

am-\p- -h-ß-fmtWm C-hsb√msa∂v Ah¿ At\z-jn-®n- n-√. cmkh-

kvXp-°fmb -ab°p acp∂pw aZyhpw D]-tbm-Kn®v A\p- q-Xn-I-fn¬

ebn-°p-∂-hcpw CtX A\p- -h-ßƒ Xs∂-bmWv A\p- -hn-°p-∂-

Xv. Ch XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw a\- n-emI-Wsa¶n¬ A¬]-sa-¶nepw

t_m[w Db¿t∂ ]‰p.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-emWv \msa√mw P\n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-

Im-c-W-°m-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Ipń-I-fpsS t_m[w ho≠pw

XmgvØp-hms\ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. ]s£, XmgvØp-∂p-sh∂v Ah¿°v

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ImcWw Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ßƒ

Ah-cpsSbpw t_m[sØ XmgvØp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. _p≤ntbm

sSm∏w t_m[hpw hfcpsa∂Xv sX‰mb [mc-W-bm-Wv. AXns‚

sXfn-hmWv _p≤nbpw hnZym- ym-khpw IqSp-X-ep-≈-h¿ oI-c-{]-h¿Ø-

\-ßfpw ssewKnI Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw Bfl-l-Xybpw sIme]mXI-

hp-sa√mw sNøp-∂-Xv. Ch-sb√mw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-s‚bpw Db¿∂

_p≤n-bp-sSbpw kzm`m-hnI ]cn-Wm-a-am-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-Xbv°v ]cn-

lmcw Ffp∏-a-√.

Db¿∂ t_m[w, Db¿∂ _p≤n-bn¬ \n∂v F{X-am{Xw

hyXy-kvX-am-sW∂pw AXns‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ Bflob ùXnI A\p- -

h-ß-ƒ F-s¥-√m-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ {]iv\-

ßƒ Fßns\ ]cnlcn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬

{]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

_p≤n,t_m[w,Ah-t_m-[w,a\ v Ch-sb√mw F-¥mWv ?

Ah XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ß-sf-s¥-√m-amWv ? Ch \mw hy‡-ambn

a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww, {]tXyIn®v hf¿∂p hcp∂ Xe-ap-dbv°v

am¿§ \n¿t±iw \¬Ip∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw A≤ym]Icpw Bflob

t\Xm-°-fpw-. As√¶n¬ a\pjy kaq-l-sØbpw a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-

sfbpw am{X-a√ {]Ir-Xnsb Xs∂ \in-∏n®p If-bp∂ Hcp Xe-apd

Db¿∂p hcp-∂-Xn\v km£n-bm-tI≠n hcpw.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v6temIw apgph\pap≈ hnZym`ymk ÿm]\ßƒ okv hmßn

kzm¿∞Xbmb hy‡nXzsØ hnIkn∏n°m≥ ]Tn∏n°ptºmƒ, Cu

kvIqƒ ^okv \¬In hy‡nXzsØ \in∏n°phm≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂p.

hy‡nt_m[Øn¬ \n∂pw hy‡nXzsØ C√mXm°nbm¬ tijn°p

∂Xv t_m[sa∂ kXyw am{XamWv. t_m[w, _p≤n°p \¬Ip∂

hy‡X kaqlsØ kam[m\Ønepw kt¥mjØnepw kpJ

Ønepw kº∂Xbnepw \ne\n¿Øp∂p. IrX-bp-K-Øn\v kam-\-amb

AØcw kaqlØn¬ kzm¿∞X aqeap≈ Zmcn{Zyhpw ZpxJhpw

bp≤hpw AcmPIXzhpw AgnaXnbpw \ne\n¬°pIbn√. Aßs\

bp≈ kaqlsØ \ne\n¿Øm≥ \nbaßfpsS Bhiyw t]mepw

hcnIbn√.

a\pjycpsS F√m thZ\Iƒ°pw ZpxJØn\pw kpJØn\pw

kt¥mjØn\pw ImcWw tIhe bmYm¿∞yw AYhm ssZhw,

AYhm t_m[w Xncn-®-dnhpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -hp-ambn

Xmgv∂p- t]m-Ip-∂-Xp -sIm-≠m-Wv.

t_m[w Hcp tZltØmSv Ah-t_m-[-ambn _‘s∏´m¬

B \nanjw AXv hy‡nt_m[ambn A[x]Xn®v Pm{K-Øn¬

DWcp∂p. Aßns\ D≠mIp∂ Hmtcm hy‡nt_m[hpw Xs‚

\ne\n¬∏n\pw kpJØn\pw Du¿÷w Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw AXv

t\Sm≥ I¿Ω {]mc_v[ßƒ A\p- -hn-t°≠n hcpsa∂pw Xncn®dn

™m¬ kzm¿∞\mbn amdp∂p. Aßns\ F√mhcpw Du¿÷w

tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kzm¿∞cmbn amdnbm¬ AhnsS kt¥mjhpw

kpJhpw ss\anjnIambn amdpIbpw ZpxJhpw thZ\bpw

A l\obamIpIbpw sNøpw. ImcWw Du¿÷w ]W-ambpw kº-

Ømbpw am‰n tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v F√m-hcpw a\- n-em-°p-

∂p.

Aßns\ GI-amb t_m[w Hmtcm tZl-Ønepw Xm≥ Hcp

{]tXyI hy‡nt_m[amsW∂ A⁄Xbn¬ IpSpßn t]mIp∂p.

⁄mt\{μnbßƒ \¬Ip∂ \ne\n¬∏ns‚ A\p`hßƒ

kXyamsW∂v sX‰n≤cn°p∂ ImetØmfw tZlw acn®mepw

hy‡nt_m[Øn\v acn°m≥ IgnbpIbn√. Cu {]iv\w B[p\nI

a\pjy≥ Kuchambn FSptØ ]‰p.

tIh-e -bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂pw {`aw sIm≠p-≠m-°-s∏´

Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v DW-cptºmƒ t_m[w Xs‚ kXzw

7(identity) ad∂p t]mIp-∂p. Cu ad-hnsb C√m-Xm°n Xncn®v tIh-

e -bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn-te°v t]mIm≥ Ffp∏w Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv

t_m[w, tZl]Zm¿∞-tØmSv ho≠pw ho≠pw tN¿∂v, P\n°p∂p

acn-°p∂p F∂v A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. hy‡nt_m[Øns‚

Cu ac-W-an-√mbva imkv{Xobambn sXfnbn°m≥ Ignbp∂XmWv.

Dd°apWcm≥ 8 aWn°q¿ BhiyamsW¶n¬ acWw Ign™v

]pXnb tZlØn¬ {àn®v DWcm≥ GItZiw 5˛6 h¿jw th≠n

hcp-sat∂bp-≈p. Dd-°-ap-W¿∂m¬, Xm≥ ]gb hy‡n-bm-sW∂

A\p-`-hw, acWw Ign™v DW¿∂m¬ Xm≥ BZy-ambn P\n®

hy‡n F∂ A\p- -hw. A{Xbv°v hyXym-k-ta-bp-≈p. F∂m¬ thZ-

\-bp-sSbpw ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ Imcy-amb hyXym-k-sam∂pw

D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. hy‡nt_m[Øn¬ \n∂pw hy‡n-XzsØ \in∏n®v

t_m[sØ AXns‚ t{kmX n¬ ebn∏n°p∂Xns\bmWv tam£w

AYhm \n¿ΔmW AYhm \nXy-Po-h≥ F∂v ]dbp∂Xv.

hy‡nXzØn\v B[mcamb hnImcßƒ C√mXmbm¬

PohnXØn\v A¿∞an√ F∂mWv B[p\nI kaqlw

]Tn∏n°pIbpw {]Ncn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv. hy‡nXzw C√mXm°n

t_m[Øn¬ Db¿∂hc√ CXv {]Ncn∏n®Xv Ft∂m¿°Ww.

hy‡nt_m[Øn¬ \n∂v hy‡nXzw \in∏n°s∏´m¬

_m°nbmIp∂ t_m[w ]cam\μ kpJambpw kt¥mjambpw

acWwhscbpw ac-W-tijhpw \ne-\n¬°ptam F∂v C∂phsc

Bcpw ]co£n®v t\m°nbnń√. AXns\mcp imkv{Xob am¿§w

Is≠Ønbn´pan√. a\ ns\ C√mXm°p∂Xns\°pdn®v

thZm¥ßƒ ]dbp∂ps≠¶nepw B[p\nI a\pjy\v

a\ nemIp∂ imkv{Xob am¿§ßƒ AXnen√.

\m≥sk≥ kvIqƒ Hm^v FthbvtdmfPn AØcw Hcp

kvIqfns‚ XpS°amWv. Db¿∂ t_m[Øn¬ AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-

Øn¬ kam[m\Ønepw kt¥mjØnepw kpJØnepw kº∂Xbn

epw ap∂q‰n Adp-]-Ø-t©-Im¬ Znhkhpw \ne\n¬°p∂Xv

Fßs\sb∂pw; P\-\-˛-a-c-W- {àßfn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-h-cm≥

imkv{Xo -b-ambn Fßs\ Ign-bpsa∂pamWv Cu kvIqƒ

sXfnbn°p∂-Xv.

kwhm-Z-Øns‚ cq]-Øn-emWv Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-X-s∏- n-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. kz¥w AkvXn-XzsØ°pdn®v Hcp Ah-[q-X≥ t_m[-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v8im-kv{X-Øns‚ amÃ-tdmSv tNmZn-°p∂ 104 tNmZy-ßfpw Ah-bpsS

DØ-c-ß-fp-amWv CXnse hnj-bw. efn-X-amb kXysØ efn-X-ambn

Xs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bmWv Cu am¿§w kzoI-cn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. F√m a\p-jy-cnepw Xncn-®-dnhpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p-

`-h-ß-fp-ambn hnf-ßp∂ t_m[w; Xpco-b-sa∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈

AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-amb t_m[w; ssZh-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-

√. F∂m¬ AXv ssZh-am-sW∂v B¿°pw CXp-hsc A\p- -h-s∏-

-Xmbn sXfn-hp-I-fn-√. AØcw Adn-hp-Iƒ thZm-¥-ß-fnepw D]-

\n-j-Øp-°-fnepw Ds≠∂v ImWmw. F∂m¬ t_m[sØ ssZh-

ambn A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bmXncp∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ hymJym-\-ßfpw

Bkzm-Z-\-ßfpw FgpXn Ah-bpsS A¥x-kØ \in-∏n®v A]-

lm-ky-am°n If-™p. hcpw Xe-ap-d-Isf kXyw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

CØcw Adn-hp-I-fpsS ]Zm-\p-]Z X¿÷-a-bmWv \ap-°m-h-iyw.

Ahsb hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xpw Bkzm-Z-\-am-°p-∂Xpw {Inan-\¬ Ip‰-

ambn kaqlw ImW-Ww.

efn-X-amb H∂ns\ k¶o¿Æamb _p≤n sIm≠v a\- n-

em°m≥ {ian-®m¬, efn-X-am-bXv k¶o¿Æ-ambn t]mIp-sa∂p a\-

n-em-°-Ww. _p≤n F{X-tØmfw k¶o¿Æam-Ip-∂pthm A{X-

tØmfw t_m[w Xmgv∂p t]mIp-∂p. AXmWv Cu ]pkvXIw

hy‡-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv

Zn amÃ¿

{KŸ-Im-c≥

amIvkn Unt°mÃ

1954˛¬ sIm®n-bn¬ P\-\w. `uXnI imkv{X-Øn¬ _ncpZw.

44-˛masØ hb- n¬ kz¥w Aÿn-Xz -sØ-°p-dn®v At\zjWw

Bcw- n-®p. 15 h¿jsØ ]co-£-W \n-co-£-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v t_m[-

im-kv{X-sa∂ imkv{X-im-J-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ \nb-a-ßƒ Is≠-Øn.

imkv{Xob am¿§-ß-fn-eqsS ssZhsØ A\p- -hn∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv

t_m[-im-kv{X-Øns‚ e£yw.

A-≤ymbw H∂v

\ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kXyw

1. Ah-[q-X≥:˛ hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n w-K\pw bp‡n-bn¬ hkvXp-

\n-jvT-X-bp-≈-h\pw \∑bv°pw Xn∑bv°pw AXo-X-\m-b-h\pw IS-

ßfpw IS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw aaXm_‘-ßfpw C√m-Ø-h\pw ]q¿Æ kzX-

{¥\pw kz¥w A≤zm\^e-sØ am{Xw B{i-bn®p Pohn°p-∂-h\pw

AssZzX A\p- -hn-bp-amb Kpcp-hn\p {]Wm-aw.

hymP Kpcp-°-∑m-cmepw BƒssZh-ß-fmepw Bflob imkv{X-

ß-fmepw hgn sX‰n-°-s∏´v At\I h¿j-ßƒ kXyw At\z-jn®v

Ae™p Xncn™ Fs∂ Aß-bpsS ASp-°¬ FØm≥ CSbm-

°n-b, Fs‚ D≈n¬ hnf-ßp∂ t_m[-kz-cq-]-\mb ssZh-Øn\p

\μn. Z£n-W-bmbn hbv°m≥ Bflm¿∞-amb Hc-t\z-j-Is‚ lrZ-

b-a-√msX as‰m∂pw Fs‚ ]°-en-√. kzoI-cn-®mepw \ntj-[n-®mepw

ChnSw hn´p t]mIm≥ as‰m-cn-S-hpan-√. kzoI-cn-°pw-hsc ImØp

\n¬°pw.

amÃ¿:˛ \o BcmWv ? F¥v kXy-amWv \o At\z-jn-°p-∂Xv?

2. Ah-[q-X≥:-------- aXhpw PmXnbpw h¿§-hp-w \ma-hp-sa√mw P∑w

sIm≠p e`n-®-Xm-sW∂v bp‡n sIm≠p a\- n-em-°nb Hcp km[m-

cW a\p-jy≥. thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw sIm≠p \nd-™Xpw Xnc-s™-

Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb PohnXw BcmWp \¬InbXv ? F¥n\p

\¬I-s∏´p? a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v \¬I-s∏-SmØXpw F∂m¬ a\p-

jy-\p -am{Xw \¬I-s∏- -Xp-amb t_m[w F¥mWv ? P\-\- -a-c-W-

ß-fpsS A¿∞w F¥v ? F∂o kXy-ß-fmWv At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv.

At\I h¿j-sØ [ym\hpw At\z-jWhpw Fs∂ ⁄m\n-

bm°pIbpw Ipsd AXo-{μnb A\p- -h-ßƒ e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvsX-

¶nepw t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠v F∂ AssZz-X A\p- h-Øns‚

]q¿Æ kzmX{¥yhpw (tam£w) ]c-am-\-μhpw A\p- -h-am-Im-Øn-S-

tØmfw Ah sIm≠v {]tbm-P-\-an-√ F∂v a\- n-em-°n. a\ v

Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂v A¬∏w \∑-bn-te°v amdn, ‘almfl’ Na™p F∂-

√msX a\ ns‚ AkzÿXbpw \ne\n¬∏ns‚ {]mc_v[ßfpw

Ahkm\n°p∂Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v10 A⁄X \oßn-bm¬ am\-knI ZpxJw \oßn-tb°mw ]s£,

imco-cnI thZ-\bv°v AXv ]cn-lm-c-a-√. AXn-\m¬ imco-cnI thZ-

\-bmWv a\p-jy-s‚ G‰hpw ASn-ÿm\ {]iv\-sa∂v Rm≥ a\- n-

em-°n. ⁄m\Øn¬ ]m]w sNømsX \njvIma-I¿Ωn-bmbn Pohn-

®m¬ acW tijw kz¿§hpw tam£hpw e`n-°p-sa∂v aX-ßfpw;

{_“sØ D]m-kn-®m¬ {_“-ambn amdm-sa∂v thZm-¥-ßfpw -]Tn-

∏n-°p-∂p. acW tij-ap≈ Hcp kz¿§hpw tam£hpw {_“hpw

F\n-°m-h-iy-an-√. Pohn-®n-cns° \n¿ΔmW AYhm Poh-∑p‡n F∂

tam£m-hÿ Ds≠∂pw AXn\v ⁄m\hpw [ym\hpw t]mepw XS-

-am-sW∂v ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’ F∂ thZm¥ IrXn-bn¬ \n∂v

F\n°v t_m≤y-am-bn. F∂m¬ ⁄m\hpw [ym\hpw t]mepw Bh-

iy-an-√msX t_m[Ønep-b-cm\pw t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠v F∂

A\p-`-h-Øn-te°v DW-cm\pap≈ am¿§w Atß-bv°-√msX

a‰m¿°pw Adn-bn√ F∂v a\- n-em-°n-bXp sIm≠mWv Aß-bpsS

]mZ-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ icWs∏Sp∂Xv. P\-\- -a-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

tamN-\-Øns‚ clkyw Fs∂ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-epw.

amÃ¿:˛ Cu temI-Øp≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw imco-cnI thZ-

\-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-cn¬ Iptd t]¿ amwk t`mPn-I-

fm-bXp sIm≠p Xs∂ Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS thZ\ Cc- n-°p-∂p. imco-

cnI thZ\ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ `mK-am-sW-∂mWv F√m aX-ßfpw ]Tn-

∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂ \n\-°p-am{Xw imco-cnI thZ\

Fßns\ Hcp {]iv\-am-bn?

3. Ah-[q-X≥:˛ thZ-\sb°pdn®p≈ Fs‚ Kth-j-W-Øn¬

\n∂v Rm≥ Nne Imcy-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. a\p-jy-s\m-gn-

®p≈ Hcp Pohnbpw thZ\ A\p- -hn°p-∂p F∂v Adn-bp-∂-h-c-√.

At_m-[-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v thZ\ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

Dƒt{]-cW (instinct) am{X-am-Wv. A√msX A\p- -h-a-√. A-Xns‚

G‰hpw henb sXfn-hmWv Ah-cn¬ ZpxJhpw Bfl-l-Xy-bpw

{`m¥pw C√ F∂-Xv. a\p-jy-s\m-gn-®p≈ PohPmeß-ƒ°v ÿe- -

Ime t_m[sØ Hm¿Ω sIm≠v tIm¿Øn-W-°m-\p≈ Ign-hn-√.

Ah-t_m[w C√m-Ø-XmWv AXns‚ ImcWw. t_m[w Ah-t_m-

[-ambn \n¬°p∂ a\p-jy\n¬ am{Xsa thZ\ {`m¥v ]nSn-∏n°p∂

A\p- -h-ambn amdm-dp-≈p.

11amÃ¿:˛ thZ\ {`m¥v ]nSn-∏n-°p∂ A\p- -h-am-sW-¶nepw t_m[-

amWv thZ\ A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xn\v F¥mWv sXfn-hv ?.

4. Ah-[q-X≥:˛ I√n¬ Xe-b-Sn®v hoWv 3 amk-tØmfw Hm¿Ω

\jvS-s∏´ Hcmsf F\n-°-dn-bmw. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ Abmƒ Hcp

km[m-cW a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Hcp {]tXyI kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ Pohn-

°p-Ibpw `£Ww Ign-°p-Ibpw Dd-ßp-Ibpw F√m {]mY-anI Bh-

iy-ßfpw kzbw \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw apdn-hns‚ thZ\ A\p- -hn-°p∂p

F∂v {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. \memw amkw t_m[w

Xncn-®-dn-hmbn ho≠pw hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu coXn-bn¬ Hm¿Ω

\jvS-s∏´v ho≠pw Hm¿Ω-bn-te°v Xncn®p h∂-h-cmcpw Xßƒ Hcp

Xc-Øn-ep≈ thZ\bpw A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂n-√.

t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hm-bpw Hm¿Ω-bmbpw _p≤n-tbmSv _‘-s∏- n-s√-

¶n¬ thZ\ A\p-`-h-am-Ip-∂Xv as‰mcp coXn-bn-emsW∂v Cu

kw`hw sXfnhv \¬Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-s‚ ZpxJhpw thZ-

\bpw hfsc {]k-‡-ambn amdp-∂p.

amÃ¿:˛ Hm¿Ω-i-‡n-bpw A\p-`-hhpw sIm≠v F√m-hcpw

⁄m\n-bm-Im≥ {ian-°pIbpw ]m›mXy imkv{X-⁄¿ t]mepw

[ym\sØ tam£-am¿§-sa∂v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Cu temIØv ⁄m\hpw [ym\hpw ths≠∂v hbv°m≥

Bsc-¶nepw {ian-°ptam ?

5. Ah-[q-X≥:- sNdp∏w apXse A⁄m-\-amWv a\p-jy-cpsS

F√m {]iv\-ßƒ°pw Imc-W-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. Aßns\

Fs‚bpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-sSbpw A⁄m-\-sØbpw ]m]-sØbpw Xn∑-

I-sfbpw Ipdn®v Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-®p. At∏m-gmWv Ch-sb√mw a\p-

jy-cpsS shdpw k¶¬∏-ß-fm-sW∂v a\- n-em-bXv. \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

B{K-l-ßfn¬ ]c-kv]cw CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒ am{X-amWv Ch-bvs°√mw

A¿∞w Ds≠∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hmbpw Hm¿Ω-bmbpw \n¬°p∂ a\p-jy-sc-

√m-hcpw ⁄m\n-I-fm-Wv. ]WvVn-X\pw ]ma-c\pw [\n-I\pw Zcn-{Z-

\p-sa√mw Ah-c-h-cp-sS-Xmb Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ ⁄m\-Øn-emWv Pohn-

°p-∂-Xv. Hcmƒ°v icn-bmbXv A]-c\v sXs‰∂v tXm∂p-∂Xpw

Hcmƒ Adn-bp-∂Xv as‰m-cmƒ Adn-bm-ØXpw- A⁄m-\-am-sW∂v

]d-bp-∂Xv Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw B{K-l-ß-fpsSbpw k¶¬∏-ß-

fp-sSbpw hyXymkw sIm≠mWv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v12t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hmbn \ne-\n¬°mØ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°p am{X-

sa -A⁄m\ap≈p. ⁄m\-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv A⁄m\t_m[hpw

ZpxJhpw ]m]t_m[hpw Xn∑t_m[hpw I¿Ω- -ehpw A\p-k-c-

W-t°-Sp-sa√mw cq]w sIm≠-Xv. hy‡nt_m[w ‘Rm≥’ F∂v Al-

¶-cn -°p-Ibpw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv

sIm≠mWv am\-knI ZpxJw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv. -hnhmlw Ign-°m-ØXp

sIm≠v Ft‚sX∂v Nn¥n -°m≥ H∂p-ap -≠m-bn -cp -∂n -√,

_m°nbp≠mbn-cp-∂-hsb \njv{]-bmkw F\n°v X≈n-°-fbm\pw

Ign-™p. AtXmsS Rm≥ ZpxJap‡\mb Hcp Ah-[q-X\mbn.

ZpxJap‡≥ kzm`mhnIambpw IqSp-X¬ ⁄m\nbmWv. kz¥w

Al¶mchpw aaXm_‘ßfpsS hnImcßfpw Ifbm≥ thZm¥

]T\Øns‚bpw aX˛XXzimkv{X-ß-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-√. kz¥w

a\- ns‚ hnImc ˛ hnNmcßsf H∂p {i≤n®m¬ am{Xw aXn.

⁄m\w X\nsb sXfntb≠ a\ n¬ hy‡n-t_m-[sØ Al-

¶m-c-ambn hf¿Øn-bXpw hnhm-l-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n®v aa-Xm-_-‘-

ßfn¬ ASn-a-bm-Im\pw ]Tn-∏n-®Xv Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw A≤ym-

]-Icpw kaq-l-hp-am-sW∂v Ct∏m-gmWv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßns\ bYm¿∞ ⁄m\w kzm`mhnIambn hftc≠ F∂n¬

A⁄XbpsS hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßsf hf¿Øn ]n∂oSv AXn√m

Xm°m≥ \∑-, kvt\lw, tkh-\w, A\p-Iº F∂nh ssZhoI aqey-

ß-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Cu kaq-lhpw aX-ßfpw

Bflob imkv{X-ßfp-sa√mw a\p-jysc I_fn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Xe-ap-d-I-fn-em-bn CXm-h¿Øn-°-s∏- p sIm≠n-

cn°p-∂p. a\pjy hwi-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Hcp henb cl-ky-am-

Wn-Xv. Cu clkyw kq£n-°p-∂Xv Bflob Kpcp-°-∑mcpw BƒssZ-

h-ßfpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcp--am-sW∂v hy‡-am-bn. amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw

A≤ym-]-Icpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fm-Wv. ImcWw Ahcpw

Fs∂ t]mse ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏- -h-cm-Wv.

⁄m\n-Iƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ hy‡n-t_m-[sØ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v

\qX\ hnZym- ymk k{ºZm-b-ßƒ sIm≠p hcpw. kzbw {_“-Nm-

cn-Ifpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb- Ch¿ a‰p-≈-hsc hnhmlw sNøp-hm\pw

{]Xyp¬∏m-Z\w \S-Øp-hm\pw i‡-amb aa-Xm-_-‘-ßƒ hf¿Øp-

hm\pw t{]cn-∏n-°pw. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb Bcm-[\˛km[\ coXn-Iƒ

kwkv°m-c-ambpw BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfmbpw hf¿ØnsbSp°pw.

A⁄-Xsb Cßs\ \ne-\n¿Øn-bmse ⁄m\sØ D]-tbm-

Kn®v NqjWw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p F∂-XmWv CXns‚ ASn-

13ÿm\ XXzw. Al¶mchpw aaXm_‘ßfpw Dt]£n®v ZpxJ-ap-

‡-\mb Rm≥ imco-cnI thZ-\-bn¬ Xf¿∂p t]mbn. hni∏p

t]mepw tcmK-am-sW∂pw AXns‚ acp-∂mWv Blm-c-sa∂pw a\-

n-em-°n-b-tXmsS hntZ-l-ap-‡n-bpsS clkyw At\z-jn-°m≥ XpS-

ßn. AXn\v kzmbØam°nb ⁄m\w t]mepw XS- -am-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°n.

[ym\-Øn-eqsS tam£w t\Sm-sa∂v thZm-¥-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p-

s≠-¶nepw tam£-Øns‚ \n¿Δ-N\w Ahy-‡-am-sW∂v ImWmw.

]c-am¿∞⁄m\w t\Sp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv thZm-¥-ßƒ tam£w,

\n¿ΔmW, t_mt[m-Zbw Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. C\n H∂pw Adn-

bm≥ _m°n-bn√ F∂ Adn-hns\ AYhm Poh\pw {_“hpw H∂p

Xs∂ F∂p≈ ⁄m\-sØ-bmWv ]c-am¿∞ ⁄m\-sa∂v AXn¬

sImSp-Øn-cp-°p-∂-Xv.

Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ {i≤ tI{μoI-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv [ym\w

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. [ym\w sIm≠v a\ v i‡-am-Ip-Ibpw i‡-

amb a\ v AXo-{μnb A\p- -h-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xp-am-bmWv CØcw

[ym\w sNøptºmƒ a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. tam£-Øns‚ \n¿Δ-N-\hpw

AXn-te-°p≈ am¿§hpw ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fm-sW∂v ImWmw.

Fs¥-¶nepw Adn-bm-\p-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂-hs\ C\n-sbm∂pw

Adn-bm≥ _m°n-bn√ F∂v tXm∂p-I-bp-≈p. \iz-c-amb Cu {]]-

©-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Adn-bm-\p-s≠∂v F\n°v CXp-hsc

tXm∂n-bn- n-√. At∏mƒ Rm≥ ]cam¿∞ ⁄m\n-bm-Wv. tam£w

F-¥m-sW-∂p≈ Adnhpw F\n-°p-≠v, F∂m¬ tam£w Fs¥∂v

CXp-hsc F\n°v A\p- -h-am-bn- n-√.

Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-\p- -h-ap≈ Hcp Kpcp-hn\p am{Xsa tam£-

Øns‚ clkyw Fs¥∂v ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. B clkyw

Adnbp∂ Kpcp-hns‚ {]tXy-I-Xbpw Rm≥ Is≠-Øn. AsX√mw

Aßn¬ kXy-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-s∏-SpIbpw sNbvXp.

amÃ¿:˛ \n\°v A-I-tØ°v hcmw. t_m[Øns‚ km∂n≤y-

amWv ZpxJ-Øn\pw thZ-\bv°pw Imc-W-sa∂v a\- n-em-°nb \ns‚

t_m[w ⁄m\n-sb-°mfpw G‰hpw henb _p≤n-am-s\-°mfpw

A¬∏w Db¿∂-Xm-Wv. P\-\-˛-a-c-W-ßfpsS clkyw Adn-bm≥

tbmKy-\m-b injy-\mWv \o, \n\-°v tNmZyßƒ XpScmw.

6. in:- F√m-h-cnepw Xncn-®-dn-hmbn \n¬°p∂ t_m[w, Nn¥-

Isf ZpxJ-ambpw icoc£X-ßsf thZ-\-bmbpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. Cu t_m[w Pohn-®n-cns° \jvS-s∏- m¬ ZpxJ-Øn¬ \n∂pw

thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-\m-Ip-sa-∂Xv bp‡n-bpw A\p`hhpam-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v14Wv. tZlw acn-°p-∂-tXmsS hntZ-l-ap-‡-\m-Ip-Ibpw tZlw ho≠pw

FSp-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ tam£-sa∂ G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬

FØp-sa∂pw Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. AXn-\p≈ am¿§w D]-tZ-in-

®mepw.

amÃ¿:˛ \o F¥mWv tNmZn-°p-∂-sX∂v \n\-°-dn-bn-√. Xncn-®-

dnhp \jvS-s∏-´m¬ ⁄m\hpw AXp-sIm≠v ZpxJhpw C√m-

Xmtb°mw. Cu Ah-ÿ-bmWv {`m¥v, kzbw {`m¥-\mbn \ne\n∂p

acn-®m¬ hntZ-l-ap-‡nbpw tam£hpw In´p-sa∂v \nt∂m-Sm-cmWv

]d-™-Xv ? AXns‚ bp‡n F¥mWv ? As√-¶n¬ \o Aßns\

kzbw k¶¬∏n-®-XmtWm ?

7. in:- Fs‚ hntij _p≤n-sb-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ t_m[-amWv

F√m ZpxJ-ßƒ°pw thZ-\-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-sa∂v Fs∂ t_m≤y-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Fs‚ \n{Zm-h-ÿ-bm-Wv. KmV-\n-{Z-bn¬ Rm≥

]c-am-\μ kpJw A\p- -hn-®n-cp∂p F∂v DW-cp-tºmƒ F\n°v a\-

n-em-Ip-∂p. Aßn-s\-sb-¶n¬ B \n{Zm-hÿ Fs∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn

\o≠p t]mIp-∂Xv tam£-am-sW-∂Xv bp‡n-bp-‡-amb Adn-hm-

Wv. AXn-\m¬ Fs‚ tNmZyw A¿∞-h-Øm-Wv.

amÃ¿:˛ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw am{X-a-√, kt¥m-

jhpw kpJhpw `wKn-bp-ap-≠v. kpJ- -ZpxJ kΩn-{i-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv

PohnXw AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xsb ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xv F∂mWv Bflob

imkv{X-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv. t_m[sØ IqSmsX Pohn-XsØ hnIm-

c- -cn-X-am-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. hnIm-c-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬ PohnXw hnc-k-am-

sW-∂s√ \ns‚ A\p- -hw?

8. in:- kpJ-hn-Im-c-ßƒ ss\an-jn-Ihpw ZpxJ-hn-Im-c-ßƒ A\-

¥-hp-am-bm¬, t_m[-Øn-ep≈ PohnXw A -l-\o-b-am-Ipw. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ F√m kuI-cy-ßfpw D≈-h¿t]mepw

kpJ-ß-ƒ tXSn Ae™p Xncn-bp∂Xpw ab°p acp∂p-Ifpw aZyhpw

thZ\ kwlm-cn-Ifpw hnt\m-tZm-]m[-n-Ifpw [ym\w-t]m-ep≈ Bflob

km[-\-Ifpw D]-tbm-Ks∏SpØp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ZpxJsØ A\p- q-

Xn-I-fn-eqsS Ah Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn AI-‰p∂p F∂v [cn-∏n-®n´v

]n∂o-SXv ho≠pw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. t_m[-an-√mØ

a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ {]iv\-ß-f-√msX a‰v {]iv\-

ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂-bn-√.-

A-h-[q-X-\mbn Pohn-°p∂ Fs∂ kw_-‘n®v Ct∏mƒ \ne-

\n¬°p∂ PohnXw {]iv\-c-ln-X-am-Wv. Xo{h hnIm-c-ß-sfm∂pw

Fs∂ Imcy-ambn kv]¿in°p-∂p-an-√. Cu PohnXw ZpxJ-ap-‡-am-

°m≥ Hcp -]-cn-[n-hsc F\n°p Ign-™p. F∂m¬ imco-cnI thZ-

15\sb kln-°p-hm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw Ign-bp-∂n-√. am{X-a√- A¬∏w

Db¿∂ Fs‚ t_m[w Is≠-Ønb Hcp kXyw Fs‚ Dd°w sISp-

Øp-∂p. Cu PohnXw Rm≥ Fs‚ CjvS-Øm¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-

ØX√. adn®v AXv kw -hn-®-Xm-Wv. 7˛8 hb- m-b-t∏m-gmWv Rm≥

\ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂pXs∂ t_m≤y-s∏- -Xv. A⁄-X-bn¬ P\n®v

⁄m\-Øn¬ kzm`mhnIambn hf-tc≠ F∂n¬ kaq-lhpw {]Ir-

Xn-bpw hmk-\, km[-\, Bcm-[-\m-tZm-j-ßƒ hf¿Øn. AXn\mbn

Ah¿ ]m] t_m[hpw A\pkcWt°Spw Xn∑t_m[hpw \¬In.

Aßns\ A⁄-X-bn¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ A⁄-X-bn-te°v Rm≥

A[x-]-Xn-®p. Cu A⁄X Xmßm-\mhmØ ZpxJ-ambn amdn-b-t∏mƒ

]pWy t_m[hpw A\pkcWhpw \∑t_m[hpw {]m¿∞-\bpw

D]-hm-khpw [ym\hpw F√mw D]tbmKn®v ]cnlcn°m≥

Bhiys∏´p. F∂m¬ CXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw ZpxJw amdnbn√ AXv

h¿≤n°pIsb sNbvXp≈p.

Aßns\ a\ ns‚ AkzÿX Xmßm\mhmsXh∂t∏mƒ

F√mw Dt]£n®v hoSp hn´ndßn {]IrXntbmSnWßn Pohn°m≥

]Tn®p. ‘Rm≥’ F∂ Al¶mchpw ‘Ft‚Xv’F∂ aaXm_‘

ßfpw Dt]£n°m≥ Fs∂ ]Tn∏n®Xv {]IrXnbpw a‰p PohPme

ßfpw Bbncp∂p. Aßns\ ZpxJap‡nbn¬ FØnb Fs∂

amdmsX \n¬°p∂ imco-cnI thZ\ ho≠pw DW¿Øn. hnIm-c-ß-

fn¬ \n w-K-amb a\ v t_m[-Øns‚ ]c-am-\μw A\p-`-hn-s®-

¶nepw imco-cnI thZ\ B ]c-am-\-μsØ \in-∏n®v ho≠pw a\-

ns\ hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ i‡-ambn Xncn®p sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bmWv

sNbvX-Xv.

Ct∏m-gp≈ PohnXw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ CXn\p

apºpw tZl-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏- ncp-∂p-sh∂pw ac-W-Øn\v tijhpw

ho≠pw tZl-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-sa-∂Xpw imkv{Xob bp‡n-bm-

Wv. B Adn-hmWv ZpxJ-ap-‡n-b√ hntZ-l-ap-‡n-bmWv bYm¿∞

tam£-sa∂v Fs∂ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. As√-¶n¬ Rm\pw

HcmƒssZh-ambn A[x-]-Xn®p t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F{X ]cn{ian®n´pw hntZ-l-ap-‡n-bpsS clkyw F\n°v Is≠-

Øm≥ Ign-™n-√. Cu P∑w \jvS-s∏´p t]mbm¬ C\n F{X P∑-

ßƒ Fßn-s\-bp≈ _p≤n-bn¬ IqSn IS∂p t]mIp-tºm-gmWv Ct∏mgp≈

Cu ⁄m\w e n-°p-∂-sX∂v \n›-bn-°m\pw Ign-bp∂n-√.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v16amÃ¿:- CXn\p apºv P\n-®n- p-s≠∂pw C\n ho≠pw P\n-°p-

sa∂pw F¥mWv sXfnhv ? I¿Ωêw sIm≠v ]p\¿P\n°psa∂v-hniz-kn-°p-∂pt≠m?

9. in:- Ct∏mƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂ PohnXw Rm≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-X-√. AXv kw -hn-®-Xm-Wv. kw -h-ßƒ, ImcWw Adn-bmØ {]Xn-`m-k--ß-fmWv. AXn-\m¬ ho≠pw AXv kw`-hn-°p-I-bn√ F∂vimkv{Xo-b-ambn ]dbpI km≤y-a-√. kw -hn-®m¬, AXns\ XS-bp-hm\pw Ign-bn√ F∂v Ct∏mƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂ PohnXw sXfnhp\¬Ip-∂p.

ho≠pw P\n-°p-∂-X√ Fs∂ b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. P\-\-Øn-eqsSe`n-°p∂ hy‡n-t_m-[w F{X kº-∂hpw Btcm-Ky-hp-ap≈ kml-N-cy-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂mepw thZ-\sb C√m-Xm-°m≥ km≤y-a√ F∂kXy-amWv Fs∂ `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. AXn\v sXfn-hmbn Fs‚Np‰pw ImWp∂ tImSm\ptImSn a\p-jy¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ ZpxJ-ßfpwthZ-\Ifpw Fs∂ {`m¥p ]nSn-∏n-°p-∂p. ImcWw Ah-cmcpwAØcw tZlhpw kml-N-cyhpw _p≤nbpw kzbw Xnc-s™-SpØ-h-c-√.

]p\¿ P∑Ønepw A¥y-\m-fn¬ Bflm-°-fpsS Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏nepw Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. ASn-ÿm-\-an-√mØ hnizm-k-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv _p≤n iq\y-X-bm-Wv.

]p\¿P-\n-°p-∂Xv tZl-a-√. hyXykvX P\n-XI kz`m-h-ap≈tZl-]-Zm¿∞-Øn\v ]p\¿ P\n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√m-sb∂v P\n-XIimkv{Xw sXfnhp \¬Ip-∂p. tZl-]-Zm¿∞w \ne-\n¬°p-∂tXmC√m-Xm-Ip-∂tXm A√ Fs‚ {]iv\w. tZl-]-Zm¿∞-tØmSv t_m[wAh-t_m-[-ambn en¶v sNbvXv ‘Rm≥’ F∂ hy‡n-t_m-[-ambnAYhm Bflm-hmbn amdp-∂-XmWv Fs‚ {]iv\w.

t_m[-amWv hy‡n-t_m-[sa∂ Bflmhmbn ]p\¿P-\n-°p-∂-Xv A√msX tZl-a√. hyXykvX hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn Htc-Hcp t_m[w]e tZl-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v {àn-®m¬ B {à-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp- I-S-°phm≥ Ffp-∏-a√ ImcWw F¥mWv t_m[wF∂pw -F¥p sIm≠mWv t_m[w {àn°p∂Xv F∂pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂Hcp imkv{Xhpw a\p-jy¿ Is≠-Øn-bn- n-√.

amÃ¿:-˛ Pm{KXv {à-am-sW∂pw, {]]-©hpw Poh-\p-sa√mw Hcphy‡n-bpsS t_m[-a-WvV-e-Ønse shdpw \ma-cq-]-ß-ƒ am{X-am-sW∂pw thZm-¥-ßƒ hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. Cu kXyw a\- n-em-°nb GsXm-cp-h\pw {àØn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp IS∂v tam£w {]m]n-

°m-sa∂pw AXn¬ ]d-™n- p-≠v.

A≤ymbw c≠v

krjvSn F∂ {àw

10. in:- Adn-hpw- A-\p- hhpw c≠mWv. GsXm-c-dnhpw A\p-

-h-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn-s\mcp am¿§w D≠m-Ipw. B am¿§-Øn-eqsS

]cn{i-an-®m¬ am{Xsa Adnhv A\p- -h-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p. ssk°n-fns‚

{]h¿Ø-\hpw LS-\bpw a\- n-em-°n-bXp sIm≠v ssk°nƒ

khmcn Hc-\p-` -h-am-Ip-I-bn-√. icn-bmb am¿§w Is≠Øn

Bflm¿∞-X-tbmsS ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXv ]cn-{i-an-®mse GXv

A-dnhpw A\p-`-h-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p. am¿§w bp‡n C√m-ØXpw

_p≤n°v a\- n-emImØXpw hnizm-k-ßfpw BsW-¶n¬ F√m ]cn-

{i-ahpw ]mgm-bnt∏m-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv bYm¿∞ tam£w A\p-

-h-s∏-SpØn sImSp°p-∂Xn¬ thZm-¥-ßfpw aX-ßfpw ]cm-P-b-

s∏-´-Xv.

P\n-°p-∂-h≥ acn-°p-sa∂pw acn-°p-∂-h≥ ho≠pw P\n-°p-I-

bn-√m-sb∂pw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Adnhpw A\p- -h-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬

\mw Bh-iy-s∏-SmsX P∑w kw -hn-°p-sa-¶n¬ ac-W-ti-jhpw ho≠pw

AXv kw -hn-°p-I-bn-√m-sb∂v imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-

bn√-s√m.

P\-\hpw ac-Whpw {à-am-sW∂v thZm-¥-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-

¶nepw AXv {à-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏- m¬ am{Xsa P\-\- -a-c-W-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp IS∂p F∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

acW tij-ap≈ Hc-h-ÿ-bmWv tam£-sa-¶n¬ AXv sXfn-bn-°p-

hm≥ Hcp-Im-eØpw Hcp P∑-Ønepw a\p-jy\v Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv tam£w Hcp hnizm-k-ambn amdn-b-Xv.

temIØv C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ Hcp aXhpw Pohn-®n-cn-s°-bp≈

Hcp tam£mhÿsb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂n-√.

‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’ F∂ thZm-¥- IrXnbn¬ AØcw Hcp tam£m-

hÿbpsS e£-W-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn-te-°p≈

am¿§sØ°p-dn®v H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-\p- -h-ap≈

Hcmƒ°p am{Xsa acW tijhpw B tam£m-h-ÿ- \n-e-\n¬°pw

F∂v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]d-bm≥ ]‰p-I-bp-≈p. Xo¿®bmbpw AØcw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v18Hcmƒ°p am{Xsa tam£m-\p- hw as‰m-cmƒ°v \¬Im\pw Ign-bp-

I-bp-≈p. Aßv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Poh-∑p-‡-\m-sW∂v F\n°p-d-∏p-

≠v. AXns‚ sXfnhpw Rm≥ ImWp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ P\-\- -a-cW

{à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v tIhe bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v Pohn-®n-cns° Xs∂

Fs∂ DW¿Ø-W-sa∂v Aß-tbm-S-t]-£n-°p-∂p.

amÃ¿:- \o Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ tam£m-h-ÿbn-em-Wv. F∂m¬

P\n-X-I-ambn e`n® hmk-\, Bcm-[-\, km[\mtZmj-ß-fpsS A\p-

-h-ßfpw; Xncn-®-dnhp sIm≠v t\Snb ⁄m\hpw; kmlNcy-ßƒ

D≠m-°p∂ {à˛hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßfpamWv \ns‚

AssZz-Xm-\p- -hsØ AYhm tam£m-\p- -hsØ ssZzXm-\p- -h-am°n

AYhm Pm{KXv B°n am‰p-∂-Xv.

11. in:˛ F¥mWv {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a hnIm-cm\p- -h-ßƒ? Cu

hnImcm\p- -h-ßƒ Fßn-s\-bmWv Rm≥ ssZh-amsW∂ Fs‚

A\p- hsØ ad®p ]nSn-°p-∂Xv?

amÃ¿:˛ A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfpw _p≤nbpw Ah-t_m-[hpw

sIm≠v GsXmcp a\p-jy\pw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ t_m[-sa∂

kXysØ AYhm ssZhsØ Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-

SpØn Ak-Xysa∂v AYhm C√m-Ø-sX∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ i‡n

F¥mtWm AXn-s\-bm-Wv { -a- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnImcm\p`h-ß-sf∂v

hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßsf Hcp-an®v D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn {]]-

©-tØtbm hkvXp-°-sftbm Poh-s\tbm bYm¿∞sa∂v Xncn-®-

dn-™v A-\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv {à hnIm-cm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞ym-\p- hw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Cu A\p- -h-Øn-

\m-bn-cn-°pw.

Rm\pw Fs‚ A—\pw AΩbpw mcybpw a°-fp-amWv G‰hpw

henb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂pw a‰p-≈-hcpw {]]-©hpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw

Rß-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\p-th≠n krjvSn°-s∏- -Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈ bmYm

¿∞y t_m[-amWv {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

krjvSn˛ÿn-Xn-˛-\miw kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp-h-\n¬

kml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠pw aa-Xm-_-‘-ßƒ sIm≠pw X\n-sb

Db¿∂p Xmgp∂ tZjyw, -sh-dp∏v, {]Xn-Imcw, kvt\lw, A\p-Iº,

Zb F∂o hnIm-c-ß-sf-bmWv hn{à hnImcm\p- h-ßƒ F∂v ]d-

bp-∂-Xv.

19{à- -hn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠mb kzm¿∞-Xbpw aa-

Xm-_-‘-ßfpw kº-∂-X-bpw kam-[m-\hpw X\n°v A\p-Iqeambn

hc-W-sa∂v ]pdsa \n¬°p∂ Hcp i‡n-tbmSv {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw

AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøptºmgp-≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -h-sØ-

bmWv aXn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Cu aq∂v {àm-\p- -h-ßfpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-hs\ kw_-‘n®v

bmYm¿∞ym-\p- -h-ß-fm-sW-¶nepw kpJ-I-chpw kº-∂hpw kam-

[m-\-]-c-hp-amb Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n®v hn{à aXn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ

sIm≠v bmsXm-cp-hn[ {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-√. F∂m¬ Pohn-X-Imew apgp-

h\pw Pohn-XsØ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw sIm≠v izmkw apń-°m\pw

ho≠pw P∑w Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p F∂v {àn-∏n°phm\pw Chbv°v Ign-

hp-≠v.

{àhnImcm-\p- hw F√m-h¿°pw Hcp-t]mse imkv{Xo-b-ambn

A\p- -h-am-Ip-sa-¶nepw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ Aim-kv{Xo

bambpw hyXykvX coXnbnepw am{Xsa F√m-h¿°pw A\p- -h-s∏-

Sp-I-bp-≈p. _p≤n-bp-ambn Cu hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Imcy-amb _‘-sam-

∂p-an-√. AXm-bXv _p≤n-bp-≈-h-s\bpw C√m-Ø-h-s\bpw hn{ -a- -

a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ Hcp-t]mse _m[n-°pw.

hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnImcm-\p-`-h-ß-fp-sS t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ virtualPo\p-Ifmbn a\- nepw {à- -hn-Im-cm-\p- hw real Po\p-I-fmbn tZl-

Ønepw tImUv sNbvXv h®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ch-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-amWv

hmk-\- -km-[-\- -B-cm-[\mtZmj-ß-fmbn a\p-jy-cn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv.

Cu hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fn¬ aXn-{à hnIm-csØ AYhm ssZhw

]pdtØm AItØm \n¬°p∂ i‡n-bm-sW∂ hnizm-ksØ

B[p-\nI uXnI imkv{Xw sIm≠v C√m-Ø-sX∂v B¿°pw sXfn-

bn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

t_m[-im-kv{X-]-c-amb kq£va-amb \nco-£Ww sIm≠pw

km£nXzw sIm≠pw hn{à hnIm-csØ \n w-K-am-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

Cu c≠v hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ°pw km£n-bm-Ip∂ t_m[w

hy‡nXzw \jvS-s∏´v kzbw ssZh-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°pw. Cu A\p-

-h-Øns‚ XpS°sØ-bmWv t_mt[m-Zbw, Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw,

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v20{`am-\p- hw Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. tZlhpw t_m[hpw cs≠∂

A\p- hØns‚ XpS-°-am-Wn-Xv.

Pm{KXv F∂ {`a-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-sa∂ AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e-

-\n- w-K-amb t_m[-Øn-te°v hy‡nt_m[w kmh[m\w DWcm≥

XpS-ßp∂ BZy L -am-Wn-Xv.

Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw {]]-©m-\p- -hhpw hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-sf∂

cmk- bm-Ym¿∞y-am-sW∂v Adn-b-Ww. Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ ico-c-

Ønepw a\- nepw Fßns\ D≠m-Ip-∂psh∂pw Ah Bt]-£nI

A\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v \iz-c-X-sbbpw amb-sbbpw Du¿÷m-\p- -

h-ß-sfbpw bYm¿∞-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Fßn-s\-sb∂pw

kq£va-ambn a\- n-em-°-Ww.

imkv{Xo-b-amb Adnhpw kq£v-a-amb _p≤nbpw {i≤bpw

i‡-amb Hm¿Ωbpw D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb \n w-K-X-bpw F√mw

Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°sf Adn-bm\pw C√m-Xm-°m\pw Fßns\ D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂v Is≠-Ø-Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xsa t_m[sØ

ad®p ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ°p≈ ]¶v Fs¥∂v

a\- n-em-Ip-I-bp-≈p.-

hnIm-c-ßƒ°pw Ah-bpsS cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ°pw kzbw

\n¿Æ-b tijn D≠v. AXm-bXv kzbw D≠m-Im\pw C√m-Xm-Im\pw

A-hbv°v Ign-hp≠v. AXn\v \ΩpsS A\p-hm-Ztam Nn¥tbm C—m-

i-‡n-tbm Bh-iy-an-√, F∂p-am-{X-a√ k¶¬∏-Øn\pw Nn¥bv°pw

C—bv°pw Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°sf D≠m-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhpw D≠v.

F∂m¬ Ahsb C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ch-bvs°m-∂n\pw Ign-hp-an-√.

AXmWv Cu hnIm-c-ß-ƒ t\Snb G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ hcw.

F¥p-Im-cWw sIm≠mtWm \mw hnIm-csØ C√mXm-°m≥

{ian-°p-∂Xv AtX ImcWw sIm≠v Xs∂ AXv kzbw D≠mbn

sIm≠n-cn°pw. Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wns\ ImWp-hm≥ \mw D]-tbm-Kn°p∂

{]Imi civan-bpsS Du¿÷ IW-ßƒ sIm≠v Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wn\v

Xs∂ ÿm\-{`wiw D≠m-Ip-Ibpw ImgvN-bn¬ \n∂v AXv A{]-Xy-

£-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp {]Xn- m-k-am-Wn-Xv (hnIm-

c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]co-£W \nco-£-W-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp-hm-

\mbn ‘t_m[-imkv{XØn\v Hcp ]mT ]pkvXIw’ F∂ ]pkvXIw

hmbn-°pI).

21 [ym\hpw ⁄m\hpw t]mepw hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßsfbmWv D≠m-

°p-∂-sX∂v \o Adn-bWw. AXp-sIm-≠pXs∂bmWv \n\°v Cu

tNmZy-ßƒ t]mepw tNmZn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. hnIm-cm\p- -h-ßƒ

C√m-Xm-bm¬ [ym\m\p -h-ßfpw ⁄m\hpw A⁄m-\hpw A{]-

Xy-£-am-Ipw. AtXmsS tNmZy-ßfpw C√m-Xm-Ipw. AjvSm-h-{I- ap\n

[ym\-sØbpw ⁄m\-sØbpw \ntj-[n-°m≥ P\-I alm-cm-

Pmhns\ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xns‚ clkyw CXm-Wv.

12. in:˛ {à˛hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßsf C√m-Xm°n P\-

\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \ns∂-ßns\ ]pdØp IS°mw?

amÃ¿:˛ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ D¬`hw apX-ep≈ ssZh-k-¶¬∏-

ß-fmWv hmk\,Bcm-[\, km[\mtZmj-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an®v C∂v

\n∂n-ep≈ hy‡n-t_m-[-sa∂ a\- ns\ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. kml-N-cy-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v X\nsb DW-cp∂ Ch-bpsS hn{ -a, aXn-

{à hnIm-c-ßƒ Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°sf krjvSn-°p-Ibpw B cmk-

h-kvXp-°ƒ a\- n\v \¬Ip∂ A\p- -h-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v

tXm∂n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-Iƒ Ign-bp-t¥mdpw ]pXnb

]pXnb k¶¬∏-ßƒ Ch-tbmSv tN¿°-s∏´p sIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Hcp aX-hn-izm-kn°v as‰mcp aX-hn-izm-

kn-bpsS k¶¬∏-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv. F√m aX-°mcpw

hf¿∂p hcp∂ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v Ah-c-h-cpsS aX-ß-fpsS Dd-ßn-

°n-S-°p∂ Cu hmk-\,-B-cm-[-\,km-[\mtZmj-ßƒ DW-cm≥ X°-

hn[w \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \n¿_-‘-ambn \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

F√m {]]-©-h-kvXp-°-sfbpw Poh-s\bpw a\p-jy-s\bpw

ssZhw krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ahsb Bkz-Zn®v Pohn-°m\pw ssZhsØ

\μn-tbmsS Bcm-[n-°p-hm\pw a\p-jys\ Xs‚ Ombbn¬ Xs∂

{]tXyIw krjvSn-®p-sh-∂mWv ska-‰nIv aX-ß-fpsS k¶¬∏w.

t_m[w {_“-sa∂ Poh-i-‡n-bmbn {]]-©-sØbpw Poh-

s\bpw krjvSn-®p-sh-∂mWv thZm-¥-ß-fpsS k¶¬∏w. {]]-©hpw

Poh\pw F¥p-sIm-≠mtWm \n¿Ωn®n-cn-°p-∂Xv AXmWv ssZhw.

ssZhw Hcp hy‡n-b√, i‡nbpw krjvSn-]-c-X-bpam-Wv. krjvSmhpw

krjvSnbpw H∂p Xs∂, CXmWv thZm¥ßƒ {]Ncn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu k¶¬∏-ß-sf√mw icntbm sXt‰m, bp‡n°p \nc-°p-

∂tXm F∂-X√ {]iv\w. Ch-sb√mw kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ a\p-

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v22jys‚ a\ v ]cn-Wm-a- hn-t[-b-am-bm¬ Ct∏mƒ temI-sa-ßns\

\ne-\n¬°p-∂pthm AXp-t]mse Xs∂ F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw

thZ-\bpw IjvS-X-Ifpw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw P\-\- -a-c-W-ßƒ°v AXo-

X-\m-Im≥ Ign-bm-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

{]IrXn i‡n-I-fpsS sshhn-≤yhpw oam-Im-c-Xzhpw oI-c-Xbpw

k¶o¿Æ-Xbpw A\n-›n-X-- kw`-h-ßfp-amWv Ch-sb-√m-w ssZh-

Øns‚ i‡n-bmbn ImWn-°p∂ sXfn-hp-Iƒ. AØcw Hcp GI

i‡n \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ ka-hmIyw I≠p-]n-Sn-

°p∂ Xnc-°n-emWv B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{X-⁄-cpw.

A\-iz-c-\mb ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v \iz-c-amb krjvSn-bp-≠m-Ip-

∂Xv bp‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X√ F∂v Ch-cmcpw {i≤n-®n- n-√. F∂m¬

\iz-c-amb krjvSn-bn¬ A\-¥sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ Du¿÷hpw

]Zm¿∞-ßfpw Pohs‚ sshhn-≤yhpw k¶o¿Æ-Xbpw ImWp-tºmƒ

ssZ-h-sa∂ Hcp AXnùXnI i‡n-bn¬ \n∂√ Ch D≠m-Ip-∂Xv

F∂v k¶¬∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. CXv D-Ø-c-an-√mØ

sshcp-≤y-amsW∂v tXm∂pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv F√m aX-ßfpw

thZm-¥-ßfpw ssZhsØ A-Zriy i‡n-bmbn ]pcm-X\ Imew

apX¬t° Bcm-[n-°m≥ XpSßn-b-Xv.

i‡nbpw Du¿÷hpw H∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah AZr-iy-hp-am-

Wv. ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v i‡n-bp-≠m-Ip∂p F∂v k¶¬∏n-®m¬

ssZhhpw i‡nbpw; AZr-iy-hpw, Zzμhpw, kzX-{¥hpw BIpw. A\-

iz-c-\mb ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v D]-tbm-Kn-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw C√m-Xm-

bn-t∏m-Ip∂ Du¿÷w D≠m-Ip∂p F∂v Xncn-®-dn-™m¬ AXv

bp‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. A\-iz-c-X-bn¬ \n∂v A\-iz-c-X-b-√msX

as‰m∂pw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ \iz-cambXv D≠mbn´ps≠-¶n¬

AXv kz]v\ kam\amb A\p- -h-am-bn-cn-°psa∂v a\- n-em-°m≥

kmam\y _p≤n aXn.

sX‰mb krjvSnbpsS Cu k¶¬∏-Øn¬ \n∂mWv C√mØ

{à,hn{ -a,-a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßfpw A\p- -h-ßfpw D≠m-b-Xv. ImcWw

Du¿÷-amWv Pohs\ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv F∂mWv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

A\p-`-hw. Aßn-s\-sb-¶n¬ Du¿÷w \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂m¬

Poh≥ Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°-Ww. Pohs‚ k¶o¿ÆX sIm≠v

Poh≥ AXn- u-XnI i‡n-bmb ssZh-kr-jvSn-bm-sW∂v a\p-jy¿

23sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-∂p. Du¿÷hpw Poh\pw {]]-©hpw {àm-\p- -h-am-

sW∂v a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ AXns‚ k¶o¿ÆX \jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw.

k¶o¿Æ-amb Hcp b{¥w D≠m-°n-sb∂v kz]v\w I≠v DW-cp∂

Hcmƒ ]n∂oSv B k¶o¿ÆX At\z-jn®v t]mIp-I-bn-√.

km[m-cW a\p-jys\ kw_‘n®v ]Whpw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

kº-Øp-°-fp-amWv Du¿÷ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬

kz¥w tZlhpw {]]-©hpw \in-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-h-bm-sW∂v Adn-

™mepw {à, hn{`-a, -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ sIm≠v Ah

bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn®p sIm≠ncn-°pw. CXmWv a\p-jy-

cpsS ZpxJ-ambn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv.

sX‰mb krjvSn-bp-sSbpw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw Cu k¶¬∏-ßƒ

t{]m{Km-ambn \ns‚ a\- nepw ico-c-Ønepw h®n-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠m

Wv \n\°v P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv.

AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- wK t_m[-Øn¬ k¶¬∏-ßƒ AYhm

Nn¥-Iƒ sIm≠p-h∂m¬ B \nanjw t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-KX hn -

Nn°s∏´v hnIm-c-ßƒ D≠m-Ipw. hnIm-c-ßƒ cmk-h-kvXp-°sf

krjvSn®v Ah A\p- -h-am-°pw. cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ D≠m-°n ImWn-

°p∂ A\p- -h-sØ-bmWv Pohn-X-sa∂pw Poh-s\∂pw Poh-]-Zm¿∞-

sa∂pw {]]-©-m\p- hsa∂pw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°-fn¬ {à-hn-Imcw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ cmk-h-

kvXp-hmWv G‰hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb A\p- hw \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v CX-\p- -hn-°m-sa-∂mWv CXns‚

{]tXy-I-X. AXm-bXv ]©km-csb sXm´v aWØv cpNn®v I≠v

tI´v A\p- -hn-°mw. -a-s‰m-cmsf AXp-t]mse Xs∂ AXv t_m≤y-

s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNømw.

F∂m¬ hn{à hnIm-c-ßfmb tZjyw,{]Xn-Imcw,kvt\lw

Chsb CXp-t]mse ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v A\p`hn°m≥

Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ImcWw Ch B¥-cnI A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv.

aXn-{ -am-\p- hsØ ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v A\p- -hn-°p∂p

F∂v tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw as‰m-cmsf AXv A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Hcp

Imc-W-h-imepw km≤y-a-√. acn-®p-t]mb Imap-In-sbtbm [ym\n-°p∂

BƒssZ-h-sØtbm IpWvU-en-\nbpsS Du¿÷tam Hs° CØ-c-

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v24Øn¬ k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v Hcmƒ°v D≈Xv F∂v A-\p- -hn-°mw.

F∂m¬ Cu A\p- hw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h\v am{Xw kz¥-amb H∂m-

Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu A\p-`-hØns‚ aq¿≤-\ym-h-ÿsb

kvIotkm-t{^\nb F∂ am\-knI tcmK-ambn a\x-»mkv{Xw IW-

°m-°p-∂-Xv.

Cßs\ t_m[-Øns‚ k¶¬∏w aq∂v coXn-bn-ep≈ {àm\p- -

h-ß-fpsS cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmbn amdp-sa-¶nepw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-

c-ß-fpsS cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ \¬Ip∂ A\p-`-h-ßƒ Hcm-fpsS

kzImcy A\p- -h-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv AØcw cmk-h-

kvXp-°sf virtual tlm¿tam-Wp-I-sf∂v t_m[imkv{Xw hnfn-°p-

∂-Xv. Ah C{μnb A\p -h-a-√mØ B¥-cnI A\p- -h-ß-fmWv.

{àm-\p- -h-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ

sIm≠pw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à A\p- -h-Øns‚ cmkk-h-kvXp-°ƒ a\-

ns‚ `mh-\-Ifpw Nn¥-Ifpw kwi-b-ßfpw `bhpw sIm≠pamWv

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

AXm-bXv {àm-\p- -h-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ uXn-I -h-kvXp-

°-sfbpw hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-am-\p-`-h-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ a\- n-

s\bpw krjvSn-°p-∂p. {àm-\p- -h-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ s]mkn-

‰ohpw ùXn-I-hp-am-b-Xn-\m¬ tZlhpw Poh-\pw {]]-©hpw F√mw

IqSp-X¬ bmYm¿∞yhpw ÿe- -Im-e-ß-fn¬ D≠mbn \ne-\n∂v ad-

bp-∂p-sh∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bp-am-Wv.

hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-am-\p-`-h-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ B¥-co-Ihpw

virtual ep-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Ah s\K-‰ohv am‰-dn-s\-t∏mse \ne-\n¬°p-

∂p-sh∂v C{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√-¶nepw

A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ AXns‚ \ne-\n¬∏v A\p-am-

\n-°m\pw Ign-bpw.

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠mb a\ v AYhm

hy‡n-t_m[w AYhm Bflmhv bmYm¿∞yam-sW∂Xv shdpw

tXm∂¬ am{X-am-Wv. AXm-bXv hy‡nXzwvirtual tlm¿tam-Wp-I-

fpsS Hcmhc-W-am-sW∂v ImWmw. Cu Bh-c-W-amWv AJ-WvV- -

\n-›-e- -\n- wK t_m[sØ ad®p ]nSn-°p∂Xv. GXv hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-Øn-s‚bpw t{kmX- n¬ sN∂m¬ Cu hnIm-c-

ßƒ Pohn-X-Øn\v Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h-sb∂v Is≠-Øm\pw a\s ∂

Bh-c-WsØ \in-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw.

25{]Xn-Imcw A\p- -h-s∏- m¬ B {]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ t{kmX- n¬

sN∂m¬ {]Xn-Im-c-Øn\v ImcWw Xs‚ Xs∂ kzm¿∞-X-bm-

sW∂v Is≠-Øpw. AtXmsS {]Xn-Imcw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw. C\n

Btcm-sS-¶nepw kvt\l-amWv A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXns‚

t{kmX- n¬ Xs‚ Xs∂ kzm¿∞-X-bpsS X{¥-ßƒ Hfn-™n-cn-

°p-∂-Xmbn Is≠-Øpw.

kz¥w a°-sf-t∏mse a‰p a°sf kvt\ln-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

AΩ-bpsS kvt\l-amWv Adn-b-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xn¬ h®v G‰hpw

kzm¿∞-amb kvt\lw.- CsXmcp kXy-am-sW-¶nepw Bsc-¶nepw

CXv AwKo-I-cn-°ptam? A-ßns\ {]Xn-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-

Øn-s‚bpw t{kmX v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ hn{à hnIm-c-

ßƒ \jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw.

Z¿i-\-Øn¬ kXy-ambn A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xns\ kv]¿in®p

t\m°n-bm¬ AXv C√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. C\n

kz¥w ico-c-Øn¬ Hcp ssZhoI A\p- hw D≠m-bm¬ AXv F∂pw

\ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-psh-¶n¬ AXv ssZhoIw Xs∂. CSbv°v sh®v AXv C√m-Xm-

bm¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv Hcp aXn-{à A\p- -h-am-bn-cn-°pw. ta¬∏-

d™ c≠v Imcy-ßƒ°pw Akm-[m-c-W-amb ss[cyhpw Bflm¿∞-

Xbpw thWw. ac-W-sØ-t∏mepw Ah-K-Wn-°p∂ N¶q-‰hpw kml-

khpw D≠m-I-Ww. AXn-√m-ØXp sIm≠mWv \ns‚ t_m[w P\-

\- -a-cW {à-ß-ƒ kXy-sa∂v [cn®v Hcp hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn A[x-

]-Xn®v kXyw At\z-jn®v Ae™p Xncn-bp-∂-Xv.

13. in:˛ Rm≥ Hcp Ah[q-X-\m-Wv, kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h∂p

tNcp-∂-Xn¬ Pohn-°p-∂- {_“-Nm-cn-bm-Wv. IS-ßfpw IS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw

_‘-ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw Bcm-[\˛km[\mtZmj-

ßsfm∂pw C√mØh-\pam-Wv. ac-WsØ b-s∏-Sp-∂n-√, AXn-\m¬

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS Bh-cWw F∂n¬ C√ F∂v

Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aßn-s\-sb-¶n¬ AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂

{àm-\p- hw F\n-°p-≠m-tI-≠-Xs√? F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Aßns\

kw`-hn-°m-Ø-Xv?

amÃ¿:˛ \ns‚ tNmZy-Øn¬ Xs∂ AXns‚ DØ-c-hp-ap-≠v.

hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ C√m F∂v k¶¬∏n-®Xp

sImt≠m bp‡n sIm≠v kzbw t_m≤y-s∏- Xp sImt≠m AXn-

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v26\m-h-iy-amb kml-N-cy-ßƒ krjvSn-®Xp sImt≠m a\ v AYhm

hy‡n-t_m[w F∂ Bh-cWw C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√.

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ sIm≠v, Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS hmk-

\- Bcm-[-\ -km-[-\mtZmj-ß-fpsS hnIm-c-ßsf real-virtual Po\p-

I-fmbn tZl tImi-ß-fnepw a\ nepw t{]m{Kmw sNbvXp-h-®n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. Ahsb DW¿Øp∂ Nn¥-I-fpw kml-N-cy-ß-fpw

k¶¬∏-ßfpw C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ Ah AhnsS Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p-sa-t∂-

bp≈p, C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-sbm∂pw \n\-°n√

F∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv. kml-Ncyw h∂m¬ Ah-sb√mw NmSn Fgp-

t∂¬ °pIbpw Xm≥ bYm¿∞ t_m[a√ hy‡n-t_m-[-am-sW∂v

A\p-`-hn-°pIbpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°pIbpw sNøpw. temI-P-\-X-bpsS

aq∂n-semcp `mKw k\ym-kn-\n- -k-\ym-kn-Ifpw kXym-t\z-jn-I-fp-am-

Wv. Ah-sc√mw a\ v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ CØcw aqV-kz¿§-

Øn-emWv Ct∏mgpw Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.

t_m[w a\- m-bn amdn, t_m[sØ Xs∂ Bh-c-W-ambn aqSn-

sb-¶n¬, B aqSn°v ssZh-tØmfw _p≤nbpw i‡nbpw D≠mIpsa-

t∂m¿°-Ww.

D]m-[n-I-sfm∂pw C√mØ Hcp kXym-t\z-j-W-Øn-\√ \o Cd-

ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kXym-t\z-j-W-Øn-eqsS Ft¥m e`n-°p-sa-∂mWv

\o Ct∏mgpw [cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B [mcW tNmZy-Øn¬ hy‡-am-

Wv.

hnIm-c-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw am{Xsa a\ v

t\ -ambn IW-°m-°p-I-bp-≈p. D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn kXyw At\z-

jn-®m¬ am{Xsa a\ v F∂ Bh-cWw C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw I¿Ωw sNøp-hm\pw a‰p-≈-

h-cp-ambn CS-]-g-Im\pw Ign-bp-sa∂v kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h∂p tNcp∂

kml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠v kz¥w a\- ns\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

kml-N-cy-ßfpw Ah-k-c-ßfpw Cs√-¶n¬ a\ v D]m-[n-Iƒ°-

Xo-X-am-sW∂pw \n w-K-am-sW∂pw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øpw. AØcw

kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw Ah-k-c-ß-sfbpw _p≤n-]q¿Δw ac-Ww-hsc

\ne-\n¿Øm\pw a\- n\v Ign-bpw.

a\ v F∂ Bh-cWsØ \in∏n-°p-I Ffp-∏-a√. Hmtcm

tZlhpw Po¿Æn®v \in-°p-tºmƒ AXv ho≠pw ASpØ tZlØn¬

27{àn-®p-Wcpw AYhm ASpØ tZl-Øn¬ Xm≥ as‰mcp hy‡n-bm-

sW∂ A\p- -hhpambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw.

P\I almcm-Pm-hns‚ Bflm¿∞-Xbpw `cX alm-cm-Pm-

hns‚ Adnhpw kn≤m¿∞ cmP-Ip-am-cs‚ kml-kn-I-amb A-

t\zjW _p≤nbpw Ds≠¶nse hnIm-c-ß-fmIp∂ a\-s ∂ Bh-

c-WsØ \o°n Xm≥ kzbw ssZhamsW∂pw AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -

\n- wK t_m[-am-sW∂pw; tZlhpw Poh\pw {]]-©hpw Xs‚

Xs∂ k¶¬ ∏-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠mb {à- kr-jvSn-I-fm-sW∂pw A\p-

`-h-s∏-SpI-bp-≈p.

Bflm-t\zjWw Hcp êhpw C√mØ At\z-j-W-am-sW∂v

Adn-b-Ww. AXv a\- ns\ C√m-Xm-°-em-Wv. Xmgv∂ t_m[-X-e-

Øn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te-°p≈ DW¿Δm-Wv AXv.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂-h≥ Pm{KXv t\Sn-sb∂pw kz]v\-Øn¬

\n∂pw c£-s∏- p-sh∂pw ]d-bn-√. AXn-\m¬ P∑-ßƒ \oń-s°m≠p

t]mIm\pw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Bflm-t\z-j-WsØ a\ v Xs‚

Pm{K-Øns\ \ne-\n¿Øm\p≈ kq{X-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

AXmWv C∂sØ Bflo-b-Xbmbn ]cn-W-an-®Xv.

14. in:˛ AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn-te°v a\pjys\ \bn-°p∂ krjvSn-

bpsS k¶¬∏-sa-¥mWv?

amÃ¿:˛ Hmtcm hy‡n-bnepw Xncn-®-dn-hmbpw {i≤-bmbpw Hm¿Ω-

bmbpw A\p- -h-ambpw \n¬°p∂ t_m[sØ ssZh-ambn k¶¬∏n-

°p-I. {]]-©hpw Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw kz¥w tZlw t]mepw Cu t_m[-

Ønse shdpw {à-ß-fm-sW∂v Ah-bpsS \iz-c-Xsb Xncn-®-dn™v

a\- n-em-°p-I. t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hmbn Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂m¬

am{Xsa Ch-sb√mw bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p.

t_m[w Dd-ßp-Itbm C√m-Xm-Ip-Itbm sNbvXm¬ {]]-©m-\p- hw

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, CXv {àm-\p- -h-amsW-∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hmbn IW-

°m-°p-I. Aßns\ kz¥w t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ {à˛hn{ -a -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-c-ßƒ D≠m°p∂ A\p- -h-sØ-bmWv krjvSn˛ÿn-Xn- -

kw-lm-c-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

Htc Hcp t_m[w AYhm AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e˛\n wK t_m[w

Xs‚ t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-°p∂ k¶¬∏ßƒ \iz-c-

amb hkvXp-°ƒ sIm-≠p≈ Hcp {]]-©-sØ-bmWv krjvSn-°p-

∂Xv F∂v a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ Pm{K-Xv F∂ DW¿Δv Hcp {à-ambn

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v28IW-°m-°m≥ Ign-bpw. CXn¬ k¶¬∏n-°p∂ t_m[w kXyhpw

krjvSn {à-hp-am-bm¬ Cu {à-Øn¬ \n∂p-W-cm≥ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-

ßsf C√ F∂v A\p- -hn-®m¬ am{Xw aXn-bm-Ipw. Aßns\ A\p-

-hn-°ptºmgmWv {àm-\p- hw AYhm AssZz-Xm-\p- hw AYhm

Xpco-bm-\p- hw AYhm t_m[hpw tZlhpw cs≠∂ A\p- hw

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

15. in:˛ t_m[w t]mIp-∂-bmƒ°v {]]-©m-\p-`hhpw

thZ\Ifpw Cs√-¶nepw a‰p-≈-h¿°v {]]-©m-\p- hhpw thZ-\-Ifpw

D≠m-Ip-a-s√m. At∏mƒ {]]-©m-\p- hw k¶¬∏-am-sW∂pw {à-

am-sW∂pw Fßns\ Icp-Xm≥ Ign-bpw?

amÃ¿:˛ {àm\p- hw F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w C√m-ØXv D≠v

F∂-√ adn®v D≈Xv \mi-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-Ip∂p F∂m-Wv. AXm-

bXv D≠m-bn, \ne-\n-∂p, ad-bp∂p AYhm \izcw F∂¿∞w. Cß

s\ D≠m-bn, \ne-\n-∂p, ad-bp∂ {]]-©-sØbpw Poh-s\bpw \iz-

c-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°msX hn{ -a, -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v

bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v B¥-co-I-ambpw A©v ⁄mt\-{μnbßƒ

sIm≠v _mly-ambpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv ta¬∏-d™

tNmZyw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂-bmWv kz¥w t_m[w

ssZh-sa∂ A\p- -h-a-√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw B t_m[w ]t©-{μn-b-ß-fn-

eqsS ImWn®p Xcp∂ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw k-Xy-sa∂v A\p- -h-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂Xv,- AXmWv \ns‚ AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øns‚

XS- w.

\iz-c-am-bXns\ \o A\p- -hn-®mepw a‰p-≈-h¿ A\p- -hn-®mepw

AXv \iz-c-a-√m-Xm-Ip-I-bn-√. A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂ Htc-Hcp Imc-

W-Øm¬ \izcw bmYm¿∞yamIp-I-bn-√. Aßn-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ kz]v\m-\p- -h-ßfpw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-t°≠n

hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Pm{K-Ønepw kz]v\Ønepw A-\p- -h-ß-ƒ D≠m-

Ip-∂-Xp- sIm≠mWv Ch c≠pw A\p-`-hn-°p∂ kabw Ah

bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

_mly {]]©hpw Poh-\p-w Du¿÷hpw F√mw \ns‚ A©v

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ°v A-IØp am{X-ap≈ A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. Ah

Cs√-¶ntem AYhm t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hmbn Ah-tbmSv _‘-s∏- n-

s√-¶ntem A\p- hw D≠m-Ip-I-bn√.

kq£va temIØv ImWp-∂-h-s\bpw Imgv®-h-kvXp-hn-s\bpw

XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn√. AhnsS hkvXp-°ƒ°v cq]-an-√,-

29Du¿÷- hyXn -bm-\-ß-tf-bp-≈p. \nco -£-Is‚ km∂n≤yw

{]Xn`mkßsf kzm[o-\n-°p-sa∂v Izm≠w _e-X{¥w Is≠-Øn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu hyXn-bm-\-ßsf kw`-h-ß-sf-∂mWv B[p-\nI

ùXnI imkv{Xw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

kq£vaX D≈-hs\ kq£va temI-Øns‚ Imcy-ßƒ {Kln-

°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. kq£va-temIw ÿqe temI-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-am-Wv. kq£va- tem-I-Øn¬ C√mØ cq]-ßƒ ÿqe temI

Øv Fßns\ D≠m-bn F∂v ùXnI imkv{X-Øn\v Is≠-Øm≥

Ffp-∏a-√. {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠mb kzm¿∞-

X-bpsS k¶¬∏-ß-fmWv cq]w C√mØhbv°v cq]w sImSpØv

kz¥w tZlw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ÿqe temIw D≠m-°n-bXv F-∂mWv

t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kzm¿∞-X -sIm-≠mWv cq]˛`mh˛aqey

hyXym-k-ap≈ ]Zm¿∞ßfpw Poh\pw {àw sIm≠v krjvSn-°s∏´Xv.

F∂m¬ Ch {à-am-sW∂pw kz]v\-am-sW∂pw tXm∂m-Ø-Xn\p

ImcWw Ah A\p- -h-ßƒ BbXp sIm≠m-Wv.

as‰m-cm-fpsS {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à A\p- -h-ßƒ Hcp Imc-W-h-

imepw AtX-]Sn \n\°v A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Øn-S-tØmfw Ah-

sb√mw \ns‚ Adnhp am{X-am-Wv. AXm-bXv \o \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂Xv am{X-amWv kXyw.- kz¥w tZlw AS°w a‰p-≈-h-sb√mw

\ns‚ {àw am{X-am-Wv. t_m[w hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ {àn-°p-tºm-sg√mw

AhnsS A\p-`-h-ßƒ Ds≠∂v tXm∂pw. A\p-`-h-ß-sf√mw

bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

{]]-©m-\p-`hw C√m-ØXm-sW∂v Icp-Xm-\√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

{`-a-˛hn{`-a˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßsf C√m-Xm°n {]]-©hpw

Poh\pw Fßns\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v t\m°m-\mWv t_m[-

imkv{Xw Bh-iy-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. Hcp hkvXp Fßns\ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂-X√ AXns\ bmYm¿∞y-am-°p-∂-Xv, adn®v \ne-\n¬°p∂ coXn-

bn¬ AXv A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂ps≠m F∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞ym-\p- -h-

Øns‚ am\-Z-WvVw.

kz¿Æ-Øn-s‚bpw Icn-°- -bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ IWn-I-Iƒ

H∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ kz¿ÆsØ A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse

Icn-°-s´sb A\p- -hn-°m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. kz¿Æhpw Icn-

°- bpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-hs‚ A\p- -h-sØ-bmWv {à-

˛-hn-{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p-`hw F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah c≠pw

krjvSn F∂ {àw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v30H∂mbn A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv bmYm¿∞ym-\p-`hw AYhm

{àm-\p- hw AYhm AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. kz¿Æw

kzoIcn-°p-Ibpw Icn-°´ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ {àw, hn{à

hnIm-c-ambn amdp-∂p. C\n Icn-°´ kzoI-cn®v kz¿Æw \ncm-I-cn-

®m¬ Ffn-a-sb∂ hn{àhnImcw D≠m-Ip-∂p. AssZzX A\p-

`hap≈-h≥ AYhm {à- hn-Imcw C√m-Ø-h≥ c≠n-t\bpw Hcp-

t]mse X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p.

kzbw ssZh-sa∂v A\p`hn°p∂-h\p am{Xsa kz¿Æhpw

Icn-°- bpw H∂m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. A√m-

Ø-h\v imkv{Xo-bX sIm≠v Ah H∂m-sW∂v Adn-bphms\

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. kz¿Æ-Øn-s‚bpw Icn-°- -bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\

IWn-I-Iƒ H∂m-sW∂v Is≠-Ønb imkv{X-⁄≥ t]mepw kz¿Æ-

Øn\v ]Icw Icn-°´ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-√. ImcWw ASn-ÿm\ IWn-

I-Iƒ H∂m-bn-cp-∂n´pw Ah-bn¬ \n∂v c≠v Xcw hkvXp°ƒ

Fßns\ F¥p sIm≠v D≠mbn F∂v imkv{X-⁄¿°v t]mepw

Adn-bn-√. t_m[w, Ah-t_m[w Bb-t∏mƒ D≠mb kzm¿∞-X-

bmWv cq]- - mh-- aqey hyXym-ksØ krjvSn®-Xv. Cu hyXym-k-ßƒ

hyXykvX A\p- -h-ßsf krjvSn®v F√m-h-scbpw {àn-∏n-°p-∂p.

{à hnIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnImcw t]mbm¬ cq]- - m-h- -aqey

hyXym-k-ßƒ t]mIpw. hyXymkw t]mbm¬ Xm≥ am{X-amWv

bmYm¿∞yw F∂v A\p- -hn-°pw. Xm≥ am{X-amWv bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v

Adn-bp-∂-hs\ kzbw kzm¿∞-\m-sW∂v Adn-bphm\pw kzm¿∞-

Xsb Dt]-£n-°m\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. kzbw kzm¿∞-\mWv F∂v

Adn-bm≥ Fs¥-¶nepw am¿§-apt≠m F∂v At\z-jn-°p-I, AXmWv

tam£ am¿§w.

Fs‚ A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fn-eqsS A√msX as‰m-cm-fpsS

⁄mt\-{μn-b-Øn-eqsS Rm≥ Cu {]]-©-tØbpw AXnse krjvSn-

I-sfbpw A\p- -hn-®n- n-√. AXn-\m¬ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂ kXy-

sØ- B-[m-c-am°n Fs‚ t_m[-Øneq-sSb-√msX krjvSnsb Rm≥

Xncn-®-dn-™n- n-√. AXp-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS {]]-©m-\p- -hp-ambn

Fs‚ {]]-©-m\p- -h-Øn\v bmsXmcp hn[ _‘-hp-an-√. a‰p-≈-hcpw

{]]-©sØ A\p -hn-°p∂p F∂Xv Fs‚ Adnhp am{X-am-Wv,

A\p-`-h-a-√.

A≤ymbw aq∂v

ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v ac-W-an-√m-bva-bn-te°v

16. in:- bmYm¿∞ym-\p- -h-Øns‚ am\-ZWvVw F¥mWv ? Hcn-

°¬ bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ]n∂oSv bmYm¿∞y-ambn

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bn√ F∂mtWm CXn-\¿∞w?

amÃ¿:˛ A\p-`-h-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂Xp

sIm≠mWv \ncoizchm-Zn-Iƒ°pw uXn-I¿°pw t_m[w _p≤n-bpsS

khn-ti-j-X-bm-sW∂v ]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv. A\p- -h-ßƒ c≠v Xc-

ØnemWv t_m[-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. 1. am\-knIw 2. imco-cn-

Iw. ZpxJhpw kt¥m-jhpw am\-knI A\p- hßfpw, thZ-\bpw

kpJhpw imco-cnI A\p- -h-ß-fp-am-Wv. Cu \mev A\p- -h-ßfpw

Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂v tXm∂m-≥ ImcWw t_m[hpw

tZlhpw H∂m-sW∂v [cn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠m-Wv. F√m A\p- -h-ßfpw

Bt]-£n-IamWv. tIh-em-\p-`hw F∂ H∂n-√. A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS

Xo{hX A\p-k-cn®v bmYm¿∞y t_m[w IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

Blmcw,P-ew,-hmbp Ch e`n-°msX hcp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂

A\p- -h-ßfpw amc-I-amb tcmK-ßƒ sIm≠v D≠m-Ip∂ thZ-\-I-

fp-amWv G‰hpw IqSnb bmYm¿∞yw. as‰√m A\p- -h-ßfpw CXn-

t\-°mƒ bmYm¿∞yw Ipd-™-h-bm-Wv.

sh≈-s∏m°w h∂v c£-bv°mbn sSd- n¬ Ibdn \n¬°p∂

Hcp-hs\ kw_-‘n®v Blm-c-tØ-°mfpw IpSn-sh-≈-tØ-°mfpw

bmYm¿∞y-ambn kz¿Ætam ]Wtam kzØp-°tfm `mcytbm Ip´n-

Itfm A\p- -h-s∏-SWsa∂v \n¿_-‘an-√. AXm-bXv \mw A\p- -

hn-°p-∂ -F√m PohnXm-\p- hßfpw Bt]-£n-I-am-sW-∂¿∞w. Hcp

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ bm-Ym¿∞y-sa∂v A\p- -h-s∏´ hkvXp as‰mcp

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Aßns\ A\p- -h-s∏-S-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-an-√. a\p-

jy¿ ]c-kv]cw I¬∏n-°p∂ bmYm¿∞yw Hcn-°epw tIhe bmYm¿

∞y-am-Ip-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv Xm≥ tIh-e -bm-Ym¿∞yamsW∂v kzbw

A\p- -hn°p∂-hs\ kw_-‘n®v kz¥w tZlhpw {]]-©hpw Bt]-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v32£nI bmYm¿∞y-am-sWt∂ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. Cu Ah-ÿ-

sb-bmWv Pohn-®n-cn-s°-bp≈ tam£w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. As√-¶n¬

P\\˛a-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Bt]-£n-IX Adn-hmbn \ne-\n-∂m¬ ssZhw hnizm-k-ambn

amdpw. -B-t]-£n-IX A\p`h-ambn amdn-bm¬ Xm≥ kzbw ssZh-

sa∂v A\p- -hn°pw AYhm Xm\mWv tIhe bmYm¿∞yw F∂v

A\p- -hn-°pw. Bt]-£n-IX a\- n-em-°nb B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão\pw

k¿ sFkIv \yq´\pw i‡-cmb ssZh- hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b-Xns‚

ImcWw Bt]-£n-IX Ah-cpsS G‰hpw henb Adn-hm-bXp

sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tIhe bmYm¿∞yw Xßƒ°v ]pdta \n¬°p∂

Hcp i‡n-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv Cu c≠v {]K-¤-cmb

imkv{X-⁄-cpw.

17. in:- P\-\- -a-cW {`a-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW-cp-∂-Xn\v t_m[sØ

Db¿Øp-hm≥ F¥pw kln-°p-hm\pw XyPn-°p-hm\pw Rm≥ Xøm-

dm-Wv. AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F\n°v e`nt® aXn-bm-Ip.

amÃ¿:- kz¥w tZlhpw t_m[hpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-

°p-Ibpw Ah-bn¬ t_m[w, ssZhw Xs∂sb∂pw tZlhpw

Poh\pw \iz-chpw Bh¿Ø\ kz`mhap-≈-XmsW∂pw A\p- -hn-

°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw AYhm Xpco-bm-\p- hw F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xv.

AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn-se-Øm≥ ⁄m\-Øn\pw A⁄m-\-

Øn\pw AXo-X-\msb ]‰p. F√m aX-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

\∑˛Xn∑, \oXn-˛-A-\o-Xn, ]m]w-˛-]pWyw, `m-Kyw-˛-\n¿`mKyw F∂o

Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bpsS Bt]-£nI sshcp-≤y-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

ap‡-\m-I-Ww. AXn\mbn kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ Nne KpW-ßƒ cq]-

s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. D]m[nIƒ°-Xo-X-ambn Ah-\-h-t\mSp

Xs∂-bp≈ ]q¿Æ-amb Bflm¿∞-X, hnizm-kw, A\p-k-cWw Ch

hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-t_m[w \¬Ip∂ i‡-amb Xncn-®-dnhpw

Hm¿Ωbpw {i≤-bpw _p≤n-sIm≠v hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°Ww.

Pm{KXv F∂ DW¿Δv bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v F√m-h¿°pw

tXm∂m≥ ImcWw Ah-c-hcpsS kzm¿∞-Xbpw AXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-

Ip∂ hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`a hnIm-cßfpw sIm≠m-Wv. kzm¿∞-X-bpsS

hnIm-c-ßfpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Hcp \mW-b-Øns‚ c≠v hi-ßƒ

t]mse-bm-Wv. kzm¿∞X t]mbm¬ hn{ -ahpw aXn-{ -ahpw t]mIpw.

33AYhm hn{ -ahpw aXn-{ -ahpw t]mbm¬ kzm¿∞Xbpw t]mIpw.

Ch c≠pw C√m-Xm-I-W-sa-¶n¬ ]eXpw XyPn-°p-Ibpw kln-°p-

Ibpw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-Xmbpw hcpw. AXv \o hnNmcn-°p-∂Xp

t]mse Ffp-∏-a-√.

\ne\n¬°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw \ne-\n¬∏v bmYm¿∞y-am-

sW∂v Adn-bp-tºm-gp-amWv kzm¿∞-Xbpw AXns‚ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -

a- -hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv . an\naw Blmcw, Pew, PohnX

kml-N-cy-ßƒ Ch t\Sp-∂-Xn\v hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-an-√.

kzm¿∞-\m-Im-sXbpw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ C√m-sXbpw \ne-

\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

aX-ßfpw thZm-¥-ßfpw uXnI imkv{X-ß-fp-sa√mw ]Tn-®n´pw

tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amb ssZh-amWv Xm≥ F∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ a\p-

jy\v Ign-bm-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v

kzm¿∞-X-bpw, kzm¿∞X sIm≠v hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw

\ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv sIm≠m-Wv. {à-ßƒ C√m-Xm-I-W-sa-¶n¬ t_m[

sØ Db¿Ø-Ww.

t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ Xncn-

®-dn-bm\pw Hm¿Ωn-°m-\pw {i≤n-°m-\pap≈ Ignhv a\pjy _p≤n°v

kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Xs∂ C√mØ H∂m-Wv. kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ß-

fn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb B{K-l-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-

W-Øn\v th≠ Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ω i‡nbpw {i≤bpw am{Xsa

P∑\m \ap°v e`n-®n- p-≈p. AssZz-Xm-\p- hw D≠m-I-W-sa∂ i‡-

amb B{Klw \ne-\n¿Øn ap‡n-bpsS Xncn-®-dn-hn-s\bpw Hm¿Ω

sbbpw {i≤-sbbpw _e-ambn ]nSn®p \n¿Ø-Ww. AXn\mbn

a\ ns\ apgph\pw Kpcphns‚ apºn¬ Xpd∂nSWw. PohnXØns‚

I¿Ω [¿Ωßfn¬ a\ n¬ Ibdn°qSnb F√mhn[ clkyßfpw

Kpcphnt\mSv Xpd∂p ]dbWw.

clkyßfpsS IehdbmWv a\ v. AXv Xs∂bmWv

AXns‚ AacXzhpw. Aßns\ clkyßƒ Xpd∂p ]dbm\p≈

ss[cyw D≠mIWsa¶n¬ ssewKnI Du¿÷sØ AXns‚

kzm`mhnIXbn¬ {]h¿Øn°m≥ A\phZn°Ww, AXn\mbn

t_m[-imkv{X {_“-Ncyw ]cn-io-en-°-Ww. hnImcßsf \n wK

Xbn¬ \ne\n¿ØWw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v34`uXnI hnj-bambmepw Bflob hnj-b-am-bmepw F¥pw icn

bmbn a\- n-em-Im\pw A\p- -h-am-Im\pw ssewKnI Du¿÷sØ

Db¿Ø-Ww. AXn\mbn kzbwt`mK,kwt`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn ]n≥am-d-Ww. Hm¿Kmkw kw -hn°msX ssewKnI

tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ aq{X-Øn-eqsS ]pd-tØ°v t]mIp-hm-\p≈ ]cn-

io-e\w imkv{Xo-b-ambn \S-Ø-Ww. I¿Ω- -[¿Ω-ßƒ \n w-K-X-bn¬

sNø-Ww. CXn-\mbn ]eXpw XyPn-°p-Ibpw kln-°p-Ibpw

sNtø≠Xmbn hcpw.

18. in:- c≠v Xcw Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ωi‡nbpw {i≤bpw A\p-

-h-ßfpw a\p-jy-cn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂s√ CXn-\¿∞w? CØcw

Hc-dnhv BZy-am-bmWv F\n°v e`n-°p-∂-Xv. A¬∏w IqSn AXv

hy‡am°mtam ?

amÃ¿ :- kl-Pm-h-t_m-[sa∂ _p≤n sIm≠mWv a\p-jy≥

Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. \ne-\n-

¬∏n\m-h-iy-amb Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ωbpw {i≤bpw A\p- -h-ßfpw

hcp-∂Xv kl-Pm-h-t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂m-Wv. Hcp Pohn Xs‚ CWsb

Xncn®dnbp-∂Xpw ]m¿∏nSw Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xpw A]-ISßsf {i≤n-

°p-∂Xpw A\p- -h-ßƒ Ds≠∂v ImWn-°p-∂Xpw kl-Pm-h-t_m[w

sIm≠m-Wv. Chsb \mw Dƒt{]-cW F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

a\p-jy\v kl-Pm-h-t_m[w IqSmsX Ah-t_m[w IqSn D≈-

Xn-\m¬ Dƒt{]-c-W-I-fpsS Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ωbpw {i≤bpw A\p-

`-h-ßfpw Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂pw Fs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-

sW∂pw H∂p-IqSn Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy\v

c≠v Xcw Xncn-®-dnhpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw D≠m-

Ip-∂p. ZpxJw˛kt¥mjw, kpJw- -th-Z\ F∂o A\p- -h-ßƒ a\p-

jy-\n¬ am{Xw Db¿∂ tXmXn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ ZpxJhpw

thZ-\bpw Hgn-hm°n kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw a\p-jy\v A\p- -hn-

°m\pw Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ B coXn-bn¬ Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬

Pohn-°m-\p≈ Hcp ]cn-io-e-\hpw Adnhpw a\p-jy¿°v e`n-°p-∂n-√.

t_m[w hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn AYhm Bflm-hmbn _p≤n-tbmSv

_‘-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ klP hmk-\-Iƒ Xs‚ hmk-\-I-fm-sW∂v

sX‰n-≤-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip∂p. AtXmsS t_m[w Xmgv∂v t]mIp-

Ibpw sN-øp-∂p.

35Xmgv∂ t_m[w, kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn¬ X\nsb kw -hn-°p-

∂-hsb Xm≥ aqe-amWv kw -hn-°p-∂Xv F∂pw AXv Imcy-Im-c-W-

ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-sW∂pw sX‰mbn a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahsb

ad®p ]nSn-°m\pw kq{Xw sIm≠v ]cn-l-cn-°m\pw _p≤nsb D]-

tbm -K -s∏-Sp -Øp -∂p. AXp-sIm -≠mWv a\p -jy -cn¬ a\x -

m£n°pØpw ]›m-Øm-]hpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. t_m[w F¥m-

sW∂v a\- n-em-°msX AXv _p≤n-bpsS hnti-j-X-bm-sW∂v

Xmgv∂ t_m[-ap-≈-h¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-tºmƒ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Ønse Xncn-®-

dnhpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Xt‚-X√ F∂pw Db¿∂-

t_m-[-Øns‚ Xncn-®-dnhpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw as‰m-

∂msW∂pw a\- n-em-Ipw. kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Ønse arKo-b-Xbpw

kzm¿∞-Xbpw {]Xn-Im-chpw Xt‚-X√m F∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. AXn-

\m¬ Db¿∂ t_m[-w tZlsØ ‘AkØv’ F∂v Xncn®-dn™v

AXns\ Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p, CXmWv tam£w.

AXm-bXv, Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ tZlw Xm\m-sW∂pw Db¿∂

t_m[-Øn¬ tZlw Xm≥ A√ F∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. tZlw Xm≥

A√ F∂v A\p- -hn-°p-tºm-gmWv X\n°v ac-W-an-√m-sb∂pw Xs‚

bYm¿∞ kz`mhw \nXyamb ]c-am-\-μamsW∂pw hy‡nXzw

C√mØXmsW∂pw t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv.

Aßn-s\-bmWv a\p-jy\v am{Xw- c≠p Xcw Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ω

bpw {i≤bpw A\p- hßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. H∂v Xmgv∂ t_m[-

Ønepw at‰Xv Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn-epw.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-emWv \mw P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. {]Xn-I-c-Whpw

{i≤bp-amWv \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ ap∂n-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xv. amXm-

]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw A≤ym-]-I-tcmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw {]Xn-I-cn-®pw

Ahsc {i≤n-®pamWv _p≤n hf-cp-∂Xpw hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xpw. Cu

{]Xn-I-c-W-Ønepw {i≤-bnepw hnImcw hcp-tºm-gmWv {]Xn-hn-Im-

c-sa∂ i‡-amb {]Xn-Imcw \ΩpsS a\- n¬ hf-cp-∂-Xv. AXv

a\- ns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-h-ambn amdp-∂-tXmsS {]Xn-Imcw i‡-

amb Hm¿Ω-bmbpw {i≤bmbpw a\- n¬ _e-ambn ]nSn®p

\n¬°p∂p. AXp- sIm--≠mWv {]Xn-Im-csØ ad-°m\pw AXns\

{i≤n-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw a\p-jy\v Ign-bm-Ø-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v36ad-°m\pw {i≤n-°mXncn°m\pw Ign-bm-Ø-Xn-s\-bmWv Hm¿Ω-

i-‡n-bmbpw {i≤-bmbpw \mw sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv. _p≤n-bpsS

Hc-f-hmbn Cu {i≤-sbbpw Hm¿Ω-i-‡nsbbpw \mw AwKo-I-cn-

°m-dp-≠v. \ap°v kzm[o-\-an-√mØ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-ep≈ Cu

Hm¿Ω-i-‡n-bpw {i≤bpamWv Imc-W-an-√mØ A-kz-ÿ-X-bmbn

(mood change - Bbn) a\ n¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂Xv.

A\m-h-iy-ambn a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcyw {i≤n-°p-hm\pw Ahsc

kwi-bn-°p-hm\pw AhtcmSv {]Xn-Im-c _p≤n-tbmsS s]cp-am-dm\pw

\ap°v F√m-h¿°pw P∑\m Ign-hp-s≠∂v ImWmw.

{]Xn-ImcsØbpw kwi-b-sØbpw C√m-Xm-°m≥ ITn-\-ambn

{]b-Xv\n-°-Ww. D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX {i≤sb hf¿Øp-hm\pw AXn-

eqsS t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-hm\pw ITn-\-ambn ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww.

AXn\mbn A©v I¿Ωßƒ (a\ ns\ Xpd∂nS¬,hkvXp

\njvTX,\njvImaXzw,\n wKXzw,t_m[-imkv{X {_“Ncyw)

{]mh¿ØnIam°Ww. Aßn-s\-bm-bm¬ t_m[w A¬∏w Db-cp-

Ibpw Hm¿Ωi‡nbpw {i≤bpw A\p- -h-ßfpw as‰mcp Xe-Øn-

te-s°-Øp-Ibpw AtXmsS {]Xn-Im-c-sa∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønse

Hm¿Ωbpw {i≤bpw A\p- -h-ßfpw as‰m-∂mbn amdp-Ibpw Akm-

[mcWamb kq£va{i≤bpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-Xbpw D≠m-Ip-Ibpw

\ne-\n¬∏ns‚ clkyw a\- n-em-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßns\

t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ X° Hm¿Ωbpw

{i≤bpw hf-cm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p.

19. in:˛ kl-Pmht_m[Øn¬ X\nsb {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Xncn-

®-dn-hv, Hm¿Ω, {i≤, A\p- -h-ßƒ apX-em-b-hsb H∂p-IqSn Xncn-

®-dn-bm≥ Ign-hp≈ Ah-t_m[w ho≠pw a\p-jy-_p-≤n-tbmSv am{Xw

_‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXmWv a\p-jys\ a‰v Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hyXy-

kvX-\m-°p-∂-Xv. Cu _‘-s∏-S¬ aqew D≠m-Ip∂ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

Bh-c-Whpw {]t£-]-Whpw sIm≠mWv t_m[w XmgvØ-s∏ v Xm≥

km£m¬ ssZh-am-sW∂ A\p- hw F√m-h-cnepw C√m-Xm-°p-∂-

Xv. Ch-bn¬ GXv khn-ti-j-X-bv°mWv t_m[sØ G‰hpw IqSp-

X¬ Db¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ t_m[-Øns‚ ta¬∏-d™ \mev khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw

t_m[sØ Db¿Øm\pw {`a-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp IS-°m\pw

37BhiyamWv, F∂m¬ D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb {i≤bv°pw Hm¿Ω-bv°p-

amWv t_m[sØ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Db¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw {i≤-bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw

D-≠v. \ne-\n¬∏n\pw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\pw Ch Bh-iy-am-Wv. F∂m¬

Cu {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw Pohn-I-fpsS kl-Pm-h-

t_m-[-am-b-Xn-\mepw Ahbv°v Ah-t_m[w C√m-Ø-Xn-\mepw

Xßƒ°v {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Ds≠∂v Ahbv°v

kzbw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ

t\SpI F∂-XmWv Ch sIm≠v Ah-bv°p≈ GI {]tbm-P-\w.

Cu Xm¬∏cy-ßƒ Hcn-°epw Ah-cpsS kzm¿∞ hnIm-c-ßƒ

BIm-dn-√.

a\p-jy-\pw \ne\n¬∏ns‚ Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah

F√mw Xs∂ kzm¿∞ hnIm-c-ßfmbn amdp-∂p.- kzm¿∞ hnIm-

cßfn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw kl-Pm-

h-t_m-[-Øn-ep≈ {i≤,-Hm¿Ω,A\p- hw Ch-bn¬ \n∂v hfsc hyXy-

kvX-am-Wv. t_m[w Ah-t_m-[-ambn a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xw \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-Xn-\m¬, kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ {i≤sbbpw Hm¿Ω-sbbpw

A\p- -h-ß-sfbpw ho≠pw H∂p-IqSn {i≤n-°m-\pw Hm¿Ωn-°m\pw

A\p- -hn-°m\pw D≈ Ignhpw a\pjy\p-≠v.

Cu Ignhv a\p-jy¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ kzm¿∞

Xm¬∏cy-ßƒ Fßns\ Ffp-∏-Ønepw kq{X-Ønepw IjvS-X-Iƒ

C√m-sXbpw t\Smw F∂-Xnem-Wv. Hcp hn`mKw a\p-jy¿ CXv D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mgmWv imkv{Xhpw sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bp-sams°

D≠m-b-Xv. as‰mcp hn`mKw {]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m\pw Xs∂

Hgn®v a‰p-≈ -hkvXp°sf-bpw a\p-jy-scbpw a\- n-em-°m≥ D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønbt∏mƒ aq∂m-a-sXmcp Iq´¿ {]i-kvXnbpw [\hpw

kºm-[n-°m≥ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. AtXm-Sp-IqSn _p≤n Ipd™

\s√mcp hn`mKw a\p-jy¿ A\p-I-ºm¿l-cm-bn.

Xs∂-Øs∂ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw {i≤n-°m\pw Xs‚ Hm¿Ω-I-

sfbpw A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw H∂p IqSn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm\pw Hcp

a\p-jy\pw Hcp ImeØpw Xøm-dm-bn- n-√. Aßns\ Xømdmbm¬

t_m[w Db-cp-sa∂pw Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp-

sa∂pw Bcpw Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn sXfn-hp-Ifpan-√.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v38Hm¿Ωbpw {i≤bpw hyXykvX hnj-bßfn¬ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-hm-

\mWv ùXnIcpw Bflo-bcpw {ian-®-Xv. ùXnI hnj-b-Øn¬ {i≤

tI{μo-I-cn-®-h¿ At\Iw ùXnI kmaq-lnI imkv{X-ßƒ ÿm]n-

®p. Hcp AZriy i‡nsb ]pdØv k¶¬∏n®v {i≤sb tI{μo-I-cn-

®-h¿ ([ym\n-®-h¿) hnhn-[-Xcw AXo-{μnb i‡n-Iƒ°pw A\p- -h-

ßƒ°pw hnt[-b-cm-bn. Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n-bm-

sW∂v Ah¿ {]N-cn-∏n-®p. aX-ßfpw `qcn- mKw thZm¥ IrXn-Ifpw

CXmWv Bflo-b-X-bmbn temI-Øn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

\ne-\n¬∏ns‚ thZ-\-Isf ]cn-l-cn®v, D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX Xs∂-

Øs∂ {i≤n-°p-hm\pw Xs‚ Hm¿Ω-I-sfbpw A\p- -h-ß-sfbpw

]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm\pw kml-N-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°p-hm-\pamWv, \m≥sk≥

kvIqƒ Hm^v Fth-bvtdm-fPn ÿm]n-°-s∏- -Xv. AXneqsS hfsc

s]s´∂v t_m[sØ Db¿Øn Xpcobw F∂ tam£m-\p- hw F¥m-

sW∂v Pohn-®n-cns° A\p- -hn-°m-\mWv F√m-h-scbpw £Wn-®-

Xv. AXn-\mbn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Bh-iy-amb Blm-chpw ]m¿∏n-Shpw

am{Xa√ hm¿≤Iy ImeØv ]cm-{ibw IqSmsX Pohn-°phm\p≈

]Ww t]mepw hmKvZm\w \¬In. F∂n´pw C∂p-hsc tam£w F∂

]q¿Æ kzmX{¥yw At\z-jn®v Bcpw h∂n-√. h∂-h-cn-¬ \mtem

At©m t]¿ am{Xw. Ah¿, e`n® kpJ kuI-cy-ß-fn¬ ebn®v

t_m[sØ Hcp ]cn-[n-°-∏pdw Db¿Øm≥ Iq´m-sX Fs‚-IqsS

Pohn-°p-∂p.

D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX Xs∂-Øs∂ {i≤n-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-

sg√mw Fs∂ i{Xp-hmbn ImWp∂ kml-N-cy-amWv ]e-t∏mgpw

I≠-Xv. CXv Fs∂ h√msX A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ImcWw Rm≥

Fs∂ {i≤n-°m-\√ Ah-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ah-sc-Øs∂

{i≤n-°m\pw AXn¬ D]m-[n-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ AXv \o°p-hm-\p-amWv

Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ Db¿∂ ùXnI Bflob {]tbm-P-\-

ßƒ Ah¿°p am{X-am-Wv e`n-°pI. uXnI Xe-Øn¬ Ah¿ kº-

∂cpw k¥p-jvScpw kam-[m-\-ap-≈-hcpw BIpw. Bflob Xe-Øn¬

tam£-sa∂ G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[-Xew F¥m-sW∂v Pohn-®n-cns°

A\p-`-hn-°m\pw Ah¿°v Ign-bpw. CsX√mw imkv{Xo-b-ambn

t_m≤y-s∏- n- p-t∏mepw Ah¿ hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ {]tIm-]n-X-cm-Ip-∂Xpw

39F\n°v FXn-cm-Ip-∂Xpw \iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-a-√m-Xm-°p∂ hnIm-cm-

\p- -h-ß-fpsS i‡n sIm≠m-Wv F∂v hy‡-am-Wv.

\iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-X-sb∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿsb F√m-

hcpw `b-°p-∂p. \iz-cX F∂ Adnhv A\p-`-h-am-°m≥ F√m-

h¿°pw Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ \iz-cX F∂ A\p- hw F√m-hcpw shdp-

°p∂p F∂mWv Fs‚ Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. thZ-

\bpw ZpxJ-ßfpw ]cn-l-cn®p sImSp-Øm¬ (km£n-bm-Im≥ ]Tn-

∏n-®m¬) ]n∂oSv ss\anjnI kpJ-hn-Im-c-ß-sf-bmWv Ah¿ At\z-

jn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ Ahn-sSbpw hnP-bn-°p-∂Xv hnIm-c-ßƒ Xs∂-

bm-Wv. \n w-K-Xbpw D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw

hf¿Øm≥ a\pjy _p≤n°v Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂mWv CXn¬

\ns∂√mw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv.

\iz-cX A\p-`-h-s∏-´m¬ PohnXØn\v A¿∞-an√ F∂

AdnhmWv F√m-hcpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ \iz-cX A\p- -

h-s∏- m¬ N{I-h¿Øn ]Z-sØ-t∏mepw \n m-c-sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂

tam£m-\p- -h-Øns‚ AYhm Poh-∑p-‡n-bpsS ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥

BhmØ ]c-am-\-μ-Øn-te°v t_m[w Db-cp-sa∂ kXyw C∂p-hsc

a\p-jy¿ Bcpw a\- n-em-°n-bn- n-√. {io _p≤\pw P\-I\pw c-X\pw

Xß-fpsS knwlm-k-\-ßƒ th≠ F∂v h®-Xns‚ clkyw C∂p-

hsc B¿°pw Adn-bn-√.

D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX Xs∂-Øs∂ {i≤n-°pI-bpw Xs‚ Hm¿Ω-I-

sfbpw A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw kq£v-a-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ t_m[w hfsc s]s´∂v Db-cp-sa-∂Xv AXns‚ \nb-a-

am-Wv. as‰mcp {]b-Xv\hpw Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m¬ kml-N-cy-ßƒ

A\p-Iq-e-am-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw AXn\v Bcpw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂n√

F∂mWv Fs‚ A\p- hw. A¬∏w t_m[sØ Db¿Øn \n w-

Kcpw \nkzm¿∞cpw BIm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bpw. F∂m¬ `uXnI

Bflob D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX {i≤sbbpw Hm¿Ω-sbbpw X∂n¬ Dd-

∏n®v \n¿Øm≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂v am{X-a-√, AXns\

FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

20. in:- Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-emWv P∑w FSp-ØXv F∂v sXfn-

bn-°m≥ I-gn-™n-s√¶-nepw PohnXw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-em-sW∂v


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v40]e-t∏mgpw tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. F¥p sIm≠mWv B¿°pw Xs∂

Xßƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-emWv P\n-®-sX∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-

bm-ØXv ?

amÃ¿:-˛ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[hpw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ lnwkbpw

X\nsb {]h¿Øn-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv krjvSn-sb k¶¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv F∂v Xmgv∂ t_m[-ap≈ a\p-jy¿°v Adn-bn-√. C\n Adn-

bp-∂-h¿ Ds≠-¶n¬ Xs∂ Ah¿ kZm-k-a-bhpw AXv ad°pIbpw

Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

\ap°v apºp≈ XeapdIfn¬ \n∂v e`n® hmk\mtZmjßƒ

hn{ -a, aXn-{`a hnImcßfmbn Xmgv∂ t_m[Øn¬ kzbw {]h¿Øn

°p∂p. Aßns\ D≠mIp∂ A\p`hßsf hniIe\w sNøm\p≈

Ignhv _p≤n°n√. ImcWw _p≤n A©v ⁄mt\{μnbßfn¬

h∂v ]Xn°p∂ ktμißsf kzm¿∞ -Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fn¬ Al-¶m-

cnbmbn \ne\n¬°m\mbn D]tbmKs∏SpØpI am{XamWv

sNøp∂Xv. Aßns\bp≈ _p≤nsb, hnImcßfpsS

t{kmX ns\ At\zjn°phm\pw Al-¶m-csØ C√m-Xm-°m\pw

]cym]vXam°Wsa¶n¬ ]pdsabp≈htbmSp≈ Xm¬∏cyw

C√mXm°Ww. AXmbXv ]pdsa ImWp∂h \iz-c-ß-fm-sW∂pw

AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ {`aßfmsW∂pw _p≤nsb hkvXp\njvTX

sIm≠v t_m≤ys∏SpØWw. AØcØn¬ _p≤nsb D]tbmKn®v

t_m[sØ Db¿Øp∂ Hcp ]T\w temIsØmcnSØpw

\ne\n¬°p∂n√. t_m[sØ Db¿Øn-bm¬ am{Xsa Xmgv∂

t_m[Ønse hnImcm\p`hßƒ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ kzbw

{]h¿Ø-\-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

“\n w-KX Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpcobw F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-

X-e-Øn-te-°p≈ DW¿Δns‚ am¿§-am-Wv. tZl-Øns‚ Btcm-Kyw-

-A-\m-tcm-Ky-hp-ambn CXn\v bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. F∂m¬ DW-

cp-∂-Xn\v ]cn-{i-an-°m≥ BtcmKyw Bh-iy-am-Wv ”.

A≤ymbw \mev

\∑ F∂ Xn∑

21. in:- [mcmfw alm-flm-°fpw hnip-≤cpw BƒssZ-h-ßfpw

IS∂p t]mb `qan-bm-Wn-Xv. Ah-sc√mw Db¿∂ t_m[-ap-≈-hcpw

⁄m\n-Ifpw \∑-bp-≈-hcpw Bbn-cp-∂ns√? AhcpsS PohnXw

]n¥p-S¿∂mWv BZyIme-ß-fn¬ Rm\pw kXyw At\z-jn-®-Xv.

⁄m\hpw \∑bpw Fßn-s\-bmWv A⁄m-\-sØ-°mfpw Xn∑-

sb-°mfpw Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bm-Ip-∂-Xv ?

amÃ¿:- Adnhns\ thZm¥ßƒ c≠mbn Xcw Xncn®ncn°p∂p.

X∂n¬ \n∂v A\yamb hkvXp°sfbpw kw`hßsfbpw

Adnbp∂Xns\ ⁄m\sa∂pw Xs∂Øs∂ Adnbp∂Xns\

hn⁄m\sa∂pw ]dbp∂p. kz¥w hnImcßsf°pdn®p≈

AdnhmbXp sIm≠mbncn°Ww AXn\v hn⁄m\w F∂ t]cv

\¬InbXv. Bt]£n-I-amb Adn-hp -I-sf-bmWv ⁄m\w,

A⁄m\w F∂v th¿Xncn®Xv. hn⁄m\Øn¬ AØcsamcp

Bt]-£n-I th¿Xn-cnhv km≤ya√. AXp sIm≠mWv ⁄m\w

AssZz -Xm-\p-`hØn\v D]Icn°n√ F∂v t_m[imkv{Xw

]dbp∂Xv.

hn⁄m\w F∂m¬ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS t{kmX- n-te-°p≈ bm{X-

bm-Wv. hn{ -a,- a-Xn-{`a A\p- -h-ßƒ C√m-ØXv F∂v A\p- -hn-°-

em-Wv.

⁄m\w ZpxJsØ Xm¬°menIambn C√mØXv F∂v

tXm∂n∏n°p∂ AdnhpIfmWv. AXv bp‡n-bm-Wv. F√m Db¿∂

Bflob XXzimkv{Xßfpw CØcw bp‡n- -bp-‡-amb ⁄m\w

\¬Im\mWv {ian°p∂sX∂v ImWmw.

⁄m\Øn\v imizXamb ZpxJap‡n \¬Im≥ Ignbn√. D—

\oNXzßfpsS Bgw h¿≤n∏n®v `qcn`mKw hcp∂ a\pjycpsS

PohnXw \cIXpeyam°p∂Xp sIm≠mWv ⁄m\w A⁄m\sØ

°mƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[mhÿbmsW∂p ]dbp∂Xv.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v42F¥mWv ⁄m\w? P∑\mbp≈ hmk\mtZmjßfpsS IqsS

PohnXw sIm≠v h∂ptNcp∂ Bcm[\˛km[\mtZmjßƒ IqSn

tNcptºmƒ, t_m[w Xs‚ \n wKXsb bp‡n sIm≠v hn[n®v

\∑˛Xn∑, \oXn˛A\oXn, ]m]w˛]pWyw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-°pw.

Ahbn¬ Xn∑bpw A\oXnbpw ]m]hpw sNøp∂hsc Xmgv∂

t_m[ap≈hcmbpw; \∑bpw˛\oXnbpw˛]pWyhpw am{Xw sNøp∂

hsc Db¿∂ t_m[ap≈ almflm°fmbpw hnip≤∑mcmbpw

⁄m\nIfmbpw; Ch kΩn{iambn sNøp∂hsc km[mcW

a\pjycmbpw IW°m°pw. Cu sshcp≤yßfpsS t{kmX v

Bcpw At\z-jn-°p-I-bn-√. ImcWw Ahsb√mw kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-

cy-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ _p≤n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kq{X-Øns‚

t{]m{KmapIfmbn a\ n¬ ]Xn™p Ign™ncn°p∂p.

\n wKamb t_m[sØ Aht_m[ambn kzoIcn®v _p≤n

sIm≠v A⁄m\hpw ⁄m\hpw F∂ c≠v t_m[mhÿIfmbn

hnLSn∏n®m¬, B ⁄m\Øns\mcn°epw bYm¿∞ ⁄m\am

Im\pw A⁄m\Øns\mcn°epw bYm¿∞ A⁄m\amIm\pw

Ignbn√.

kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßfpsS B{Klßsf c≠v t_m[mhÿ

bmbn hnLSn∏n®v \∑bpw Xn∑bpw \oXnbpw A\oXnbpw ]m]hpw

]pWyhpw B°nbm¬ Ahsbm∂pw bmYm¿∞yamIpIbn√. adn®v

Bt]£nIambn A[x]Xn°pw. Ahbv°pth≠n t]mcmSp∂

ZpjvS\pw alm-flmhpw shdpw tImamfnIƒ am{XamWv.

F√mhcpsSbpw thZ\Iƒ H∂msW∂pw F√mhcpsSbpw

\ne\n¬°m\p≈ AhImiw XpeyamsW∂pw AwKoIcn°p∂ Hcp

Db¿∂ t_m[Xew a\pjy\p≠mbm¬ am{Xsa hnImcßƒ°XoX

amb \∑bpw \oXnbpw ]pWyhpw \ne\n¬°pIbp≈p. CØcw

\∑bpw \oXnbpw ]pWy-hp-ap≈ Hcp almflmhpw C∂p-hsc `qan-

bn¬ D≠m-bn- n-√. \∑-bp-sSbpw \oXn-bp-sSbpw ]pWy-Øn-s‚bpw

t{kmX v Fs¥∂v a\- n-em-°nb BƒssZhßsfm∂pw Xs∂

`qan-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-®n- n-√.

22. in:˛ \∑˛-Xn-∑, \oXn˛A\o-Xn,- ]m-]w-˛-]pWyw Ch-bpsS

t{kmX- n-te°v t\m°n-b Hcp alm-flmhpw BƒssZ-hhpw P\n-

®n- n√ F∂p ]dbp∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-Wv? Ch-bpsS t{kmX v

F¥mWv?

43amÃ¿:- Hcp kaq-l-Ønse Ipsd-t∏¿ A\p-I-ºm¿l-cm-Ip-

∂Xv -sIm-≠mWv AhnsS \∑- -Xn-∑, -\o-Xn- -A-\o-Xn, ]pWyw- --]m]w-

F∂o t_m[mh-ÿ-bpsS sshcp≤yßƒ°v {]k‡n D≠m-Ip-∂-

Xv. \∑- -Xn-∑-Iƒ \nbaw sIm≠v ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ AXv

\oXn- -A-\o-Xn-bpw; Bflo-b-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ ---]m]˛]p-

Wyßfpw Bbn amdp-∂p. \∑-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ alm-flm-°fpw-

\oXn-bpsS kwc-£-I¿ s]meokpw tImS-Xnbpw ]´m-fhpw `c-W-Iq-

S-hp-am-sW-¶n¬, ]pWy-Øns‚ kwc-£-I¿ F√m aX-ß-fn-ep-ap≈

]ptcm-lnXcpw Bflo-b-cp-am-bncn-°pw.

Hcp kaq-l-Ønse Ipsd-t∏¿ A\p-I-ºm¿l-cm-Ip-∂-Xns‚ aqe-

Im-cWw Hcp alm-flmhpw BƒssZ-hhpw Nn¥n-®n- n-√. _p≤nbpw

t]io-_-ehpw ss[cyhpw D≈ Hcp hn`mKw a\p-jy-cpsS kzm¿∞-

Xbpw P\-kw-Jymh¿≤-\-hp-amWv A\pI-ºm¿lsc krjvSn-°p-∂-

Xv. Ch c≠pw C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ AhnsS \∑- -Xn-∑-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°p-

I-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ \oXn-˛-A-\o-Xn-bpsS \nb-a-ßfpw

Ahbv°v Imhepw Bh-iy-an-√. aX-ßfpw A{]-k-‡-am-Ipw.

C∂p-hsc `qan-bn¬ P\n-®n- p≈ alm-flm-°fpw hnip-≤cpw

BƒssZ-h-ßfpw a\p-jy-cpsS kzm¿∞-X-sb-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-

®-h-c-√. Ah-cmcpw P\-kw-Jym-h¿≤-\-hns\ FXn¿Øn- p-an-√. adn®v

P\-kw-Jy -h¿≤n-∏n-°-W-sa∂ I¬∏\-bmWv F√m aX-ßfpw \¬Ip-

∂-Xv. AXv aXw F∂ -kwLS\psS i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\m-Wv.

kzm¿∞-Xbv°v FXn-cmb At\Iw XXz-im-kv{X-ßfpw I¬∏-

\-Ifpw Ah¿ \¬In-bn´p-≠v. At\Iw Ck-ß-fn-eqsS cmjv{So-b-

°mcpw kzm¿∞-Xsb \nb-{¥n-°p∂ \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏n-em-°n-bn- p-

≠v. -\n-b-a-ß-fpw,-I¬∏-\-I-fpw,-_-e{]tbm-Khpw sIm≠v kzm¿∞-

Xsb C√mXm°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXns\ _p≤n-bpsS kq{Xw sIm≠v

ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p-hms\ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p. AØcw _p≤n-bmWv \oXn- -

\ym-b-ßsf krjvSn-®-Xv. AXp-sIm≠pw A\p-I-ºm¿lsc \nb-{¥n-

°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂v h∂-t∏m-gmWv \∑- -kvt\lw tkh\w F∂o

]p-Wy-ßsf ssZhoI aqey-ß-fm°n ]ptcm-lnX h¿§w D]-tbm-Kn-®-

Xv. aXw i‡-am-bn-cn-°p∂ F√m kaq-l-ßfpw D®-\o-N-Xz-ß-fn¬

kpK-a-ambn \ne-\n¬°pw. ImcWw `qcn]£-tam-˛-\yq-\-]-£tam

hcp∂ A\p-I-ºm¿lsc ssZhoI hnizm-k-Øn¬ Xf-®n-Sm≥ Ign-

bpw. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-cW tijn \jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw. F∂n-cp-

∂mepw Nne kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ thZ-\bpw {]mc-_v[hpw kln-°msX

\∑ F∂ Xn∑

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v44hcp-tºmƒ Ah¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°pw. AXmWv Bflob cmjv{Sob hnπ-

h-ambn amdp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv qan F∂pw \∑- -Xn-∑-I-fp-sSbpw

\oXn-˛-A-\o-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ]m]-˛-]p-Wy-ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp bp≤

`qanbmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. Ct∏mgpw AXpXs∂bmWv \S∂p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.-

a\p-jy-\pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-

∂Xv kl-Pm-h-t_m[w sIm≠m-Wv. CXn-s\-bmWv \mw \ne-

\n¬∏ns‚ _p≤n F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

kzm¿∞-Xbpw {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\hpw kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ c≠v

{][m-\-s∏´ i‡n-I-fm-Wv. Chsb Poh-i‡n F∂v hnfn-°mw. Ch

c≠pw Hcp Poh-h¿§-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-hp-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jv°-Øn\v kl-Pm-h-t_m[w am{X-a√

t_m[sØ Aht_m-[-ambn kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-

Øp-hm-\p≈ Hcp {]tXyI Ignhp IqSn-bp-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

a\p-jy-s‚ _p-≤nsb hnti-j -_p-≤n-sb-∂p -hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv.

tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amb t_m[w AYhm ssZhw kzbw {`an®v

kl-Pm-ht_m[w sIm≠v krjvSn-I¿Ωw \S-Øp-Ibpw B krjvSn-

bnse Hcp h¿§-amb a\p-jys‚ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[sØ H∂p-IqSn

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-hp≈ Ah-t_m-[-ambn ho≠pw tNcp-Ibpw sNøp

∂p.

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ Xncn-®-dnhv (kl-

Pm-h-t_m[w) am{X-sa-bp-≈p. F∂m¬ a\pjy\v B Xn-cn-®-dn-hns\

Xs∂ H∂p-IqSn Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ A-h-t_m[w Ds≠∂v A¿∞w.

Cu Ah-t_m-[-amWv \∑- -Xn-∑,-\o-Xn- -A-\o-Xn,- ]m]w -]pWyw, `m-

Kyw - -\n¿`mKyw F∂nß-s\-bp≈ t_m[m-h-ÿ-Isf krjvSn-°p-∂-

Xv.

kl-Pm-h-t_m[w _p≤n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Poh-Pm-e-

ßƒ°v Ah-bpsS _p≤n hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-eqsS

am{Xsa km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\v ka-b-ssZ¿Lyw IqSp-

X¬ Bh-iyam-Wv. F∂m¬ Ah-t_m[w _p≤nbpambn _‘-s∏´p

\n¬°p∂ a\p-jy\v Xs‚ _p≤n hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ hfsc Ipd®p

kabw aXn. AXn-\m¬ {]IrXnt£m -ßƒ sIm≠pw a\p-jys‚

AXn-{I-a-ßƒ sIm≠pw GXp Pohnbpw GXp ImeØpw A\yw

\n∂p t]mImw. F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v Ah-t_m-[-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Chsb

AXn-Po-hn-°mw. krjvSn- -ÿn-Xn- -kw-lm-csØ kzbw \nb-{¥n-°m-

45\p≈ Ignhv a\p-jy\v am{Xsa D≈p. AXpsIm≠mWv a\p-jy-\n¬

ssZhw Ah-t_m-[-ambn \n¬°p∂p F∂v ]d-tb-≠-n h∂-Xv. \iz-

c-amb hkvXp-°-sfbpw Poh-s\bpw krjvSn®v \ne-\n¿Øn kwl-

cn-°p-hm≥ am{Xsa kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. AXv

Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI am{XamWv a\p-jys‚

t_m[-a-WvU-e-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-. A\p- -h-ß-fn¬ imco-cnI thZ\bpw

kpJhpw Hgn-®m¬ as‰√m A\p`hßfpw tXm∂-ep-I-fmWv F∂v

sXfn-bn-°mw. imco-cnI thZ\ F∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ F∂-t∂-bv°p-

ambn C√m-Xm-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v ac-

W-Øn\v aptº DW-c-Ww. AXm-bXv acWw tXm∂emsW∂v Xncn-

®-dn-bWw. acWw tXm∂-em-sW∂v ac-W-Øn\v aptº Xncn-®-dn-

™m¬ P\n-°p∂p F∂ {`aw (tXm∂¬) D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. AXmWv

tam£w.

kl-Pm-h-t_m-[Øns‚ kzm¿∞-Xsb Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v

Xncn-®-dn-™m¬, ‘Rm≥ kzm¿∞-\mWv ’F∂v F√m-hcpw a\- n-

em-t°≠n hcp∂p. ssZh-Øn\v (t_m[-Øn\v) kzm¿∞-\m-Im≥

Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hy‡n-t_m-[-ap≈ GXp a\p-jy\pw a\x-

m-£n-°pØv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. H∂p-In¬ kzm¿∞-Xsb C√m-Xm°n

Xpcobw F∂ tam£-Øn¬ \ne-\n-¬°Ww. As√-¶n¬ kzm¿∞-

Xsb _p≤n-bpsS kq{Xw sIm≠v ad-®p-]n-Snt®m, Xs‚ kzm¿∞-

Xsb adt∂m Ah-K-Wnt®m Pohn-°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ Xm≥ am{Xw

\nkzm¿∞≥ a‰p-≈-h-sc-√m-hcpw kzm¿∞-¿ F∂v Nn¥n°p∂

hy‡nt_m[sØ \ne-\n¿Ø-Ww.

Xpcobw F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-Xew AYhm tIhe bmYm¿∞y

hpw tam£m-h-ÿbpw Fs¥∂v A\p- -hn-°m-\p≈ am¿§w C∂p-

hsc I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂Xn\m¬ ZpjvS\pw alm-flmhpw F√mw

c≠masØ am¿§w kzoI-cn-®p. Aßns\ F√m-hcpw kzm¿∞-Xsb

_p≤n-bpsS kq{X-ambn {]tbm-Kn-®-t∏mgmWv _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-

Ifpw C√mØ Hcp-Iq´w Bfp-Iƒ A\p-I-ºm¿l-cmbn amdn-b-Xv.

Iq\n-t∑¬ Ipcp F∂-t]m-se-bmWv a\p-jy-cpsS {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-

\w. F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-fp-sSbpw kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-amWv {]Xyp¬∏m-

Z-\w. arK-ß-sf-t∏mse a\p-jycpw {]Xyp¬∏m-Z\Øn¬ G¿s∏- p.

Xs‚ Ip™p-ßƒ°v Cu `qan-bn¬ kz¥-amb ]m¿∏n-Shpw Blm-

chpw kº-∂-X-bnep≈ \ne\n¬∏pw Dt≠m F∂pw D≠m-Ipsam

F∂pw Cu {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-I¿ {i≤n-®n-√.

\∑ F∂ Xn∑

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v46{]Xyp¬∏m-Z\w kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-am-b-Xn-\m¬ kz]v\m-S-\-Øn¬

t_m[-an-√msX \S-°p∂ Hcp a\p-jy≥ {]Xyp¬∏m-Z\w \S-Øp-∂Xp

t]mse-bmbn a\p-jy-cpsS {]Xyp¬∏m-Z\hpw.

{]mc-_v[-ßƒ hcp-tºmƒ a°sf ssZhw X∂-Xm-sW∂p ]d-

bm≥ aX-°m¿ ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, hm Iodnb ssZhw Ccbpw I¬∏n°pw

F∂ XXz-imkv{Xhpw IqSn Bb-t∏mƒ P\-kwJy F√m ]cn-[n-

Ifpw IS-∂p.

Ah-t_m[w kl-Pm-h-t_m[sØ Xs∂ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ Xncn-

®-dn-hm-bXp sIm≠v GXv a\p-jy\pw {]Xyp¬∏mZ-\sØ (krjvSnsb)

\nb-{¥n-°m-\pw ac-WsØ \o´n hbv°m-\pap≈ Ign-hp-≠v.- F∂m¬

kl-Pm-h-t_m[w am{X-ap≈ arK-ßƒ°v Blm-c-Øns‚ e`yX

A\p-k-cn-®v -{]-Xyp¬∏m-Z\w Iq´mt\m Ipd-bv°mt\m D≈ Ign-hn-

√. F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v AXv Ign-bpw. F∂n´pw hep∏-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ C{Xbpw {]Xyp¬∏m-Z\w \S-Ønb a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse

as‰mcp Pohnbpw temI-Øn-√. CXmWv Gsd ck-I-c-am-b kXyw.

AXmbXv {]Xyp¬∏mZ\w \nb-{¥n-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ GI Pohn

{]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬!! am{X-a√ t_m[w

Xmgv∂ Ipsd `c-W-I¿Øm-°fpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw A\p-I-ºm¿l-

cmb a\p-jysc, ]Ww hmKvZm\w sNbvXv {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-Øn\v

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. hnNn-{X-amWv a\pjys‚ Xncn-®-dnhv !

Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v kzm¿∞-Xbpw {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\hpw \nb-

{¥n-°p∂ Hcp kaqlw t_m[-Øn¬ hfsc Db¿∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw.

AhnsS A\p-I-ºm¿l¿ D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√ ImcWw kzm¿∞X Ipd-

™m¬ \iz-cX A\p- -h-amIpw. \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-bm¬ F√m-

hcpw ]c-kv]cw Ah-Im-i-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-hcmbn- amdpw.

AXn-\m¬ AhnsS A\p-I-ºm¿l¿ D≠m-IpIbn√,

\∑- -Xn-∑, -\o-Xn- -A-\o-Xn,- ]m-]w- -]pWyw F∂o sshcp-≤y-ßƒ

AØcw kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn-√. F√m-h¿°pw ]m¿∏n-Shpw

`£-Whpw BVw-_c hkvXp-°fpw Hcp-t]mse e`y-am-Ip∂ Hcp

kaq-l-Øn¬ Xn∑bpw A\o-Xnbpw ]m]hpw Fßns\ D≠m-Im-

\mWv ? Ch-bn-s√-¶n¬ \∑- -\o-Xn- -]p-Wy-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sa-¥mWv?

a\p-jys‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Xpey-ambn hnX-cWw sNøs∏Sp∂p

t≠m F∂pw kaq-l-ambn Pohn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb I¿Ω˛[¿Ω-ßƒ

47sNøp-∂pt≠m F∂pw hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Hcp k¿°m¿ am{Xw aXn.

cmjv{So-b-°mcpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw IΩyq-Wn-khpw tkmjy-en-khpw

apX-em-fn-Øhpw H∂pw AhnsS Bh-iy-an-√. AØcw kaq-l-Øn¬

\n∂pw aX-ßfpw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw. {]IrXn Zpc-¥-ßfpw tcmK-ß-

fp-w D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ k¿°m¿ i_fw ]‰p∂ tkh-I¿ AXv ]cn-l-

cn-°m≥ AØcw kaq-l-Øn¬ {]Xn-_-≤-X-tbmsS ImØp-\n¬°pw.

23. in :- hmk-\m-tZm-j-ß-fmbn \∑- -Xn-∑-Iƒ ]cnWan®pt]mbn

F∂XpsIm≠v F¥m-W¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:- \∑- -Xn-∑-I-fpsS Hcmi-btam k¶¬∏tam A\p- hw

sImt≠m Adnhp sImt≠m t_m[w, kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn®v kzoI-

cn-®m¬, a\- n¬ AXv virtual Po\p-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an-°pw. Aßns\

]cn-W-an-°-s∏´p Ign-™m¬ \∑-bp-sSsbm Xn∑-bp-sSsbm Hcp

kml-Ncyw ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ AhnsS

\∑- -Xn-∑-bpsS hnImcw Db-cpw. hnImcw ico-c-Øn¬ Nne tlm¿tam-

Wp-Iƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®v I¿Ω-Øn-tet°m A\p- -h-Øn-tet°m FØn-

°p-∂p.

Xn∑-bpsS Hcp cwKw I≠m¬ tZjyhpw {]Xn-Im-chpw hnIm-c-

ambn a\- n¬ ]X™p s]mßpw. AXn-\m-\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn {]Xn-I-

cn-°m≥ A{Un-\m-en≥ t]mep≈ tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ ico-c-Øn¬ D≠m-

Ip-Ibpw sNøpw.

AXp-t]mse \∑-bpsS Hcp cwKw I≠m¬ Icp-W-bpsS

hnImcw a\- n¬ DW-cp-Ibpw AXn-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn IÆp-

\o¿ {KŸn-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]Ww sImt≠m I¿Ωw

sImt≠m As√-¶n¬ kz¥w Poh≥ sImt≠m {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Xøm-

dmIpw. \∑bv°pw \oXn°pw ]pWyØn\pw th≠n-bp≈ F√m t]mcm-

-ßfpw CØcw cmk-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ sIm≠mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

a\ m-£n-°pØp sIm≠v -Xn-∑- -bpsS t{kmX- n-te°v

t\m°m≥ A⁄m\n Xøm-dm-bm¬ t]mepw alm-flmhpw

⁄m\nbpw Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw \∑-bpsSsbm Adn-hn-s‚sbm

A\p- -h-Øn-s‚sbm t{kmX- n-te°v t\m°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-I-bn-

√. ImcWw Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xpw ]d-bp-∂Xp-sa√mw icn F∂v Ch-

sc-√m-hcpw A‘-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw, Cu hnizm-ksØ kaqlw

\∑ F∂ Xn∑

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v48ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ \¬In AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXn-\m¬

Cu ‘icn’ IqSp-X¬ icn-sb∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ CSbmIp∂p. CXv

Abmsf A⁄m-\n-sb-°mfpw ZpjvS-t\-°mfpw Iq-Sp-X¬ Xmgv∂

t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v XmgvØp-∂p.

24. in:- CsXmcp {`m¥p ]nSn-∏n-°p∂ bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. CXn-

t\mSv tbmPn-°m≥ Ffp-∏-a-√. H∂p-IqSn hy‡-am-°mtam ?

amÃ¿:- Hcp A-\mY Ipń sXcp-hn¬ InS∂v hni∂p Ic-bp∂p

F∂v k¶¬∏n-°p-I. B Ipńsb Bsc-¶nepw tImcn-sb-SpØv

Blm-chpw A -bhpw \¬In-bm¬ AsXmcp al-Xv I¿Ω-ambn

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw a\- n¬ \nd-bpw. km[m-c-W-°m-c\v A\p-I-cn-°m≥

Ign-bmØ H∂m-W-Xv.

F∂m¬, B A\m-Y-Ipń sXcp-hn-te°v F¥p sIm≠mWv

Fdn-b-s∏- -sX∂v Bcpw Nn¥n-°p-I-bn-√.

Hcp A-\m-Y-Ip-ńsb krjvSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥, krjvSn-I¿Øm-

°ƒ°pw AXv XS-bm≥ kaql \nb-a-Øn\pw imkv{X-Øn\pw Ign-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym- ym-k-Øn-s‚sbm Adn-hn-s‚sbm t]mcmbva

Ahn-sS-bn-√.

Xn∑sb Xn∑-bm-sW∂v Adn™p sIm≠v sNøp-∂Xpw As√-

¶n¬ AXn\v Iq´p \n¬°p∂Xpw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ [m¿jvTy-

amWv. Cu [m¿jvTysØ ad-®p -]n-Sn-°m≥ sIm≠p hcp∂ \∑-bpsS

hnIm-c-ß-fn¬- Fhn-sS-bmWv alXzw Ccn-°p-∂-Xv ? adn®v AØcw

\∑ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ aqew A\mY Ipń-Iƒ IqSp-X-embn D≠m-Ip-hm-

\p≈ km≤y-X- hf-cpIbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp -sIm-≠mWv \∑

t_m[w, Xn∑ t_m[-sØ-°mƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[-am-sW∂v ]dtb≠n

h∂-Xv. _p≤nbp-≈-h¿ A⁄-Xsb _e-ambn `qan-bn¬ ]nSn®p

\n¿Øp-∂-h-cm-Wv.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønse kzm`m-hn-I-amb hnIm-c-amWv Xn∑. Xs‚

kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ°pw kpJ-I-c-amb \ne-\n¬∏n\pw XS- -am-

Ip∂ F¥n-t\bpw ASn-®-a¿ØpI, \in-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv Xn∑-

hn-Im-c-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X. AXn-\m¬ Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xv Xn∑-bm-

sW∂v B¿°pw tXm∂p-I-bn√ F∂v am{X-a√ AXv \∑-bmbn

bp‡n sIm≠v kzbhpw a‰p-≈-h-scbpw t_m≤ys∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNøpw.

49AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy¿ XΩn-ep≈ F√m hg-°p-Ifpw bp≤hpw

\∑-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ t]mcm- -ßƒ am{X-am-Wv. kaql hg-°p-Isf

C√m-Xm-°m≥ B`y-¥c \nb-a-ßfpw cmP y-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ bp≤-

ßƒ Hgn-hm-°m≥ A¥m-cmjv{S \nb-a-ßfpw a\p-jy¿ D≠m-°n. \nb-

a-ßsf \S-∏n-em-°m≥ tImS-Xn-I-sfbpw ]´m-f-tØbpw s]meo-kn-

s\bpw G¬∏n-°p-∂p. Aßns\ \∑,-Xn-∑-I-fpsS bp≤w \oXn,A-

\o-Xn-I-fpsS t]mcm- -ß-fmbn amdn. AXp-sIm≠pw kam-[m-\hpw

kt¥m-jhpw C√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw BƒssZ-h-ßfpw

tN¿∂v ]m],]p-Wy-ß-fpsS ssZhoI XXz kwlnXIfp≠m-°n.

Ahsb hnizm-k-am°n hf¿Øn kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°m≥ {ian-®p.

Ahbn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnP-bn-®Xv Bflo-b-X-bpsS hnizm-k-ß-fm-bn-

cp-∂p.

\∑-bpw, Xn∑-bpw, \oXnbpw, A\o-Xnbpw, ]m]-hpw, ]pWyhpw

hn{ -a,- a-Xn-{ -a-ß-fpsS t{]m{Km-ap-I-fmbn Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-bnepw tImUv

sNøs∏Sp-Ibpw; Ah hnIm-c-ß-fmbn cmk-h-kvXp-°sf ]pd-s∏-

Sp-hn-°p-tºmƒ t_m[w ho≠pw Xmgv∂p t]mIp-Ibpw Bt]-£n-I-

amb Cu Adn-hp-Iƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°m≥ CS-bm-

Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚ ê-ambn Xncn-®-dnhpw {i≤bpw

Hm¿Ωbpw A\p- -hhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´p t]mepw B¿°pw \∑ -Xn-

∑-I-fp-sS-bpw, \oXn˛-A-\o-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw, ]m-]-˛-]p-Wy-ß-fp-sSbpw

t{kmX- n-te°v t\m°p-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Xmbn t]mbn.

sXcphntebv°v Fdn-b-s∏´ A\m-Y-Ip-ńbpsS amXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ°v Xßƒ sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-bpsS êw Hcp A\m-Y Ipńsb

krjvSn-°-em-sW∂ Adnhv C√m-™n- -√, sXcp-hn-te-s°-dn-b-∏- m¬

AXns\ hf¿Øm≥ kaqlw Xøm-dm-Ip-sa∂ Adn-hmWv Ah-sc-

s°m-≠Xv sNøn-®-Xv. Cu Adnhv A⁄m-\-a-√,- ⁄m-\-am-Wv. Cu

amXm-]n-Xm-°sf tXSn]nSn®v \nb-a-Øns‚ apºn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥

s]meo-kn\v Ignbm-™n- √ AXn-\p≈ \nb-aw Fgp-Xn-h-®n- n-√, in£

Xocp-am-\n-®n- p-an-√. AΩsØmń-en¬ kz¥w Ip™ns\ InS-Øn-bn´p

IS∂p If-bp∂ AΩ-sbbpw A—-s\bpw in£n-®-Xmbn Rm≥ CXp-

hsc tIń- n-√.

⁄m\hpw \oXnbpw ]cm-P-b-s∏- mepw imkv{XsØ D]-tbm-

K-s∏-SpØn (K¿` \ntcm-[\ am¿§-ßƒ) CXns\ ]cn-l-cn-°m-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Aßns\ aq∂v t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-

\∑ F∂ Xn∑

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v50bn-cp-∂n´pw Aßns\sbm∂pw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Iq´m°msX Ipńsb

FSpØp hf¿Ønb “\√-hs\” kaqlw t\m_¬ kΩm\w \¬In

_lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw kw`m-h-\-Ifpw ÿm\˛am-\-ßfpw \¬In BZ-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. !! hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fpsS ambm-Pm-

e-am-Wn-Xv.

Cu aq∂v t_m[-X-e-ß-fn-¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp t_m[-X-e-Øn¬

‘alm-flmhv’ {]Xn-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Hc-p A\m-Y-Ip- nbpw ]n∂oSv

sXcp-hn-te°v Fdn-b-s∏-Spam-bn-cp∂n-√. Aßns\ t{kmX- n¬ h®v

Xn∑sb XS-bp-∂-h-\mWv bYm¿∞ alm-flm-hv. At±lw t\m_¬

kΩm-\-Øn\v A¿l-\p-am-Wv. AØcw Hcp alm-flm-hns\ temIw

I≠n- pt≠m? tcmKw hcpØn NnIn¬kn®v tIa-\m-Im-\mWv F√m-

hcpw {ian-°p-∂-Xv. t_m[w Db-¿∂ P\-X- tcmKsØ AXns‚

t{kmX- n¬ h®p-Xs∂ C√m-Xm-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw.

25. in:˛ A]-I-S-ßfnepw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfnepw A\m-Y-cm-°-

s∏-Sp∂ Ipń-Ifpw hr≤-∑mcpw n∂-tijn D≈-h-cpw aμ-_p-≤n-Ifpw

D≠m-Imw. Ah¿ \∑bpw \oXnbpw ]pWyhpw A¿ln-°p-∂-h-c-s√?

amÃ¿:-˛ \∑bpw \oXnbpw ]pWyhpw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬

{]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-tºmƒ AXv kq{X-ambn amdp∂p F∂pw,-D-b¿∂

t_m[-Øn¬ am{Xsa Ah ssZhoI-am-Ip-I-bp≈p F∂pamWv

t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A√msX Ah-sb√mw sX‰m-sW-∂-√.

Xt‚-X-√mØ ImcWw sIm≠v Hcph≥ \ncm-ew-_-\pw \n -

lm-b\pam-bm¬ Abmsf a‰p ]uc∑m¿°v e`n-°p∂ F√m kuI-

cy-ßfpw \¬In kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ \nb-a-am-bn-cn-

°-Ww. \∑bpw kvt\lhpw A\p-I-ºbpw Icp-Wbpw AØ-c-°m-

cpsS Ah-Im-i-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXv aX-°m-cp-sSbpw hy‡n-I-fp-

sSbpw HuZmcy-am-bn-cn-°cpXv. ImcWw km£m¬ ssZhw t_m[-

ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂ -a-\p-jy¿ A\p-I-ºm¿l-c√ adn®v Ah-Im-in-

I-fm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ t_m[w kaq-l-Øn-\p-≠m-h-Ww.

A≤ymbw A©v

I¿Ω ^ew F∂ hnh-c-t°Sv

26. in:˛ C∂v temI -k-aq-l-Øn¬ a\p-jy\v oj-Wn-bmbn [mcmfw

{]iv\-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Blmc hkvXp-°-fn¬ tN¿°p∂

hnj-ßƒ, BtKmf Xm]\w, Im¿jnI taL-e-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

cmk-h-f-ßƒ, IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ, hmbp-hnepw IpSn-sh-≈-Ønepw Ie-

cp∂ hnjmw-i-ßƒ, πmÃn-°ns‚ D]-tbmKw, aZyw, ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-

Iƒ Ch-sb√mw sIm≠p-≠mIp∂ Zpc-¥-ßfpw, amc-I-amb tcmK-

ßfpw IpSpw_ XI¿®bpw; Ch-bvs°√mw FXnsc t]mcm-Sm≥ \∑-

bp-≈-h¿t° Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. AØ-cw t]mcm-´-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv

kaqlw F∂pw hf¿∂n- p-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jys‚ F√m {]iv\-

ß-sfbpw Hcp-t]mse ImWpI km≤y-a-√. \∑-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈

t]mcm´w AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-as√∂v Fßns\ ]dbm≥ Ignbpw?

amÃ¿:- Cu at\m-l-c-amb qan-bn¬ a\p-jy¿ kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-

cy-ßfn¬ \ne-\n¬°m≥ th≠n D≠m°nb hn]-Ø-√msX as‰m-∂p-

an-√. Ahsb ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ \∑-bp-≈-h-scbpw alm-∑m-tcbpw Ah-

Xm-c-ß-sfbpw Bh-iy-an-√. GXv Xn∑-bp-sSbpw t{kmX- n-te°v

t\m°n-bmepw AhnsS BsI c≠v A[-a-Xz-ßƒ am{Xsa ImWm≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. H∂v IpSpw-_ kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ kzm¿∞X, c≠v

P\-kw-Jym-h¿≤-\-hv. Cu c≠v Xn∑-Ifpw \nb-{¥n-°m≥ Hcp `c-

W-Iq-S-ap≈ GXv kaq-l-Øn\pw Ign-bpw.

aZy-amWv kaq-l-Øns‚ {]iv\-sa-¶n¬ aZyw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p∂

^mIvS-dn-Iƒ°v A\p-aXn sImSp-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ aXn. _mdp-I-fpsS

ap∂n¬ kXym-{Klw A\p-jvSn-°p∂ ‘alm-∑msc’ Bh-iy-an-√.

Aßns\ GXv Xn∑bpw GXv kaq-l-Øn\pw \njv{]-bmkw C√m-

Xm-°mw.

`qan°v kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \¬Im≥ Ign-bp∂ `£y-h-kvXp-°-

sf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ D]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-≠mbm¬ P\-kw-Jym-\n-b-{¥Ww

sIm≠v AanX t£ym¬∏m-Z-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n hcp∂ IoS-

\m-in-\n-I-sfbpw cmk-h-f-ß-sfbpw C√m-Xm-°mw.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v52Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ _p≤n, {]iv\-ßsf krjvSn®v ]cn-l-cn-

°m≥ {ian-°p∂-Xn-\m¬ {]iv\-ß-sfm-cn-°epw C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bn-√.

t_m[w Db¿∂Xpw kmam\y _p≤n-bp-ap≈ `c-W-Iq-S-ap-≠m-I-W-

sa-¶n¬ t_m[w Db¿∂ hy‡n-Iƒ D≠m-IWw. t_m[w Db¿∂

hy‡n-Iƒ D≠m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ t_m[w Db¿Øp∂ kvIqfp-Iƒ

ÿm]n-°-Ww. AØcw Hcp kvIqƒ temIØv Hcn-SØpw \ne-hn-en-√.

BtKmf hn]-Øp-°sf Ipdn®pw Ah-bpsS ]cn-lm-c-sØ-°p-

dn®pw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ tImSn-°-W-°n\v ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Fgp-X-s∏- n-

´p-≠v, F∂m¬ kz¥w t_m[w Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw P\-kwJy

\nb-{¥WsØ-°p-dn®pw F{X ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Fgp-X-s∏- n- p-≠v ?

27. in:˛ temIw apgp-h-\p-ap≈ cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]e hnj-b-ß-fn-

embn t_m[-h-Xv°-cW t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. AXn-\p-

th≠n tImSn-°-W-°n\v cq] Nne-h-gn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Ah-sb√mw a\p-

jy-cpsS t_m[-sØ-bs√ Db¿Øp-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ C∂v temIsØ `cn-°p-∂Xv Hmtcm cmPyØpw D≈

`cW IqS-a√ adn®v BtKmf tIm¿∏-td‰v ]WanS]m-Sp-Im-cm-Wv.

temI _m¶pw sF.Fw.F^v˛ Dw CØcw tIm¿∏-td‰v amt\-Pvsa‚p-

I-fm-Wv. Ah-cpsS ^≠v D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv Hmtcm cmP y-sØbpw

k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Cu t_m[-h¬°-cW ¢mkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm

cmPy-Øn\pw Ch¿ IS-ambn sImSp-°p∂ apXepw ]en-ibpw CuSm-

°p-∂-Xn\v CØcw t_m[-h¬°cWw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS

kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°-emWv CXns‚ e£yw. CØcw

t_m[-h¬°-cWw a\p-jys‚ t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-I-b√ adn®v

XmgvØp-I-bpw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ `b-s∏-SpØn ASn-a-bm-°p-I-

bpamWv sNøp-∂-Xv. hnZym- ymk coXn sIm≠v temI-Øp≈ GXv

c≠mw-InS cmPy-Øn-sebpw ]uc-∑msc ASn-a-I-fm-°m≥ BtKmf

tIm¿∏-td‰v amt\-Pvsa‚p-Iƒ°v Ignbpw F∂ kXyw \mw ad-°-

cp-Xv.

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v kzm¿∞-X-bn¬ \ne-

\n¬°Ww F∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-hsc `b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ am{Xsa

Ahsc Hcp kaq-l-ambn \ne-\n¿Ømt\m NqjWw sNømt\m

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. kaqlw hy‡-amb \nb-a-Øn\p Iogn¬ \ne-\n-

∂n-s√-¶n¬ ISw sImSpØ ]Ww Xncn®p hmßm≥ Ign-bn-√.

5328. in:˛ t_m[hpw _p≤nbpw XΩnep≈ hyXym-k-sa-¥mWv ?

amÃ¿:˛ t_m[w kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-amIp-tºmƒ AXns\ _p≤n-

sb∂v hnfn-°mw. t_m[w {`a-Øn-eqsS Du¿÷sØ krjvSn-°p-

Ibpw Du¿÷w L\o- -hn®v ]Zm¿∞-am-Ip-Ibpw ]Zm¿∞w Poh-

\m-Ip-Ibpw Poh-\n¬ akvXnjv°w {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Pohs\ \ne-

\n¿Øm≥ akvXnjv°w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv

AXv {]Xy£ _p≤n- AYhm kl-Pm-h-t_m-[ambn amdp-∂-Xv. Cu

{]Xy£ _p≤n ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn®v a\pjy _p≤n-bmbn

amdn-b-t∏mƒ _p≤n t_m[sØ ho≠pw Xncn-®-dn-hmbn kzoI-cn°m≥

IcpØp t\Sn. Cu Xncn-®-dn-hn-s\-bmWv kmam\y mj-bn¬ t_m[w

F∂pw Ah-t_m-[-sa∂pw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

_p≤nsb kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-sat∂ ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

Xncn®dnhns\ Xs∂ Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ Aht_m[-w sIm≠mWv

‘Rm≥’ _p≤n-bp-≈-h-\m-sW∂ Al-¶m-chpw ‘Ft‚-’sX-∂p≈

aa-Xm-_-‘-ßfpw D≈ Hcp hy‡n-t_m[w cq]w sIm≠Xv.

Aßns\ a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xw t_m[w hy‡n-t_m-[sa∂ CutKm-

bmbpw AYhm Bflm-hmbpw _p≤n F∂ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[ambpw

\n¬°p-∂p.

]Zm¿∞-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏´ t_m[sØ AYhm tIhe bmYm¿

∞ysØ kl-Pm-h-t_m[-sa∂pw, kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-sa∂ _p≤n-

tbmSv ho≠pw en¶v sNbvX t_m[sØ hy‡n-t_m[-sa∂pw ]d-

bmw. CXmWv t_m[hpw _p≤nbpw XΩn-ep≈ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-

amb hyXym-kw.

-29. in:-˛ F√m aX-ßfpw Bflm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

F∂m¬ Bflmhv F¥m-sW∂v Ah hy‡-am-°p-∂n-√. Bflmhv

AZr-iy-am-sW∂pw Hmtcm hy‡nbpsSbpw Bflmhv hyXy-kvX-amWv

F∂pamWv Ah-cpsS hnizm-kw. F∂m¬ t_m[-imkv{Xw hy‡n-

t_m-[-sØ-bmWv Bflmhv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hy‡n-Xz -hy-Xym-k-

amWv Bflm-hns\ ]eXv F∂v {`an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Bflmhv Ht∂-bp-

≈p. AXv km£m¬ ssZhw F∂ t_m[w Xs∂-bm-Wv.

a\p-jy¿ sNøp∂ ]m]- -]p-Wy-ß-fmWv Bflmhv tam£w {]m]n-

°-Wtam th≠tbm F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. A¥y-\m-fn¬ ssZhw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v54]m]- -]p-Wy-ßsf B[m-c-am°n Bflm-°sf th¿Xn-cn®v kz¿§- -\-

c-I-ßƒ \¬Ip-sa-∂mWv ska-‰nIv aX-ßƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

I¿Ωêßƒ A\p-k-cn®v Bflmhv hyXykvX temI-ß-fn¬

\ne-\n¬°p-sa-∂mWv thZm-¥-ßƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

ùXn-I-imkv{Xw Bflm-hns\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬

F√m {]K¤-cmb imkv{X-⁄cpw ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v

Ncn{Xw sXfnhv \¬Ip-∂p.

hy‡n-t_m-[-sa∂ Bflm-hn¬ \n∂v hy‡n-XzsØ C√m-Xm-

°n-bm¬ t_m[-sa∂ tIhe kXyw Xm≥ tIhe bmYm¿∞y-am-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™v A\p- -hn°pw. AXm-bXv kzbw ssZh-sa∂v

a\- n-em-°pw. AXmWv tam£-sa-∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. Cu sshcp-≤y-ßfpsS clkyw H∂v A\m-h-cWw sNøm-

tam?

amÃ¿:˛ Hcp hy‡n-bpsS ‘Rm≥’ F∂ mhw (CutKm) AYhm

hy‡n-t_m-[-amWv, Bflm-hv. F√m-hcpw t_m[sØ Db¿Øn-bm¬,

D-b¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw H∂p-X-

s∂-bm-sW∂v F√m-hcpw A\p- -hn-°pw. At∏mƒ PmXnbpw aXhpw

h¿§hpw \ndhpw F√mw shdpw {àßfm-sW∂v a\- n-em-Ipw. F√m-

h-cp-sSbpw t_m[w H∂m-sW-¶n¬- A-hnsS aX kmaq-lnI \nb-a-

ßfpsS Bh-iy-an-√. Hcmƒ°v H‰bv°v Cu `qan-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥

Ch-sbm∂pw Bh-iy-w C-√m-Ø-Xp-t]msebmWXv.

kz¥w thZ\ Xs∂-bmWv kz¥w ktlm-Z-cs‚bpw thZ\

F∂p≈ A\p- -h-am-W-Xv. A√msX Adn-h-√. Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬

ktlm-Z-cs‚ thZ\ kz¥w thZ-\-bmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. Adn-hn\v

A\p- -h-am-Im≥ Ign-bm-ØXp sIm≠mWv ktlm-Z-cs‚ thZ\

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-ep≈ a\p-jy¿ am\n-°m-Ø-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

\nb-a-ß-fpsS Bhiyw hcp-∂-Xv. t_m[w AYhm Bflmhv akvXn-

jv°-Øns‚ {]tXy-IXtbm KpWtam Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tZlw

P\n-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Ah-t_m[w D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv

P\n-°p∂ Ip™v ‘Rm≥’F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-

∂p. Ip™v F∂mWv ‘Rm≥’F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]d™p

XpS-ßp-∂Xv A∂mWv t_m[w Bflm-hmbn Hcp tZl-Øn¬ {]Xy-

55£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv akvXnjv°w Hcp {]tXyI hf¿® FØp-

tºmƒ t_m[w B-flm-hmbn akvXn-jv°-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-Xv.

AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ac-W-Øn\v sXm´papºv AXv A{]Xy£-

am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXn¬ \n∂v Bflm-hn\v P\-\- -a-c-Wßfn√

F∂v sXfn-bp-∂p. AXv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-Ibpw

BWv sNøp-∂-Xv. amwk-Øn\v AYhm Poh\v am{Xsa P\-\- -a-c-

W-ß-fp-≈p. Pohs‚ P\-\- -a-c-W-ßsf Bflmhv Xs‚ P\-\- -a-c-

W-ß-fm-sW∂v sX‰mbn [cn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠mWv hyXykvX Bflm-

°ƒ F∂ k¶¬∏w cq]w sIm≠-Xv.

Poh≥ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXv

P\n®pw acn®pw F∂pw \ne-\n¬°pw. Bflm-hp-ambn Poh\v Imcy-

amb _‘-sam-∂p-an-√. AXmbXv Bflmhv Cs√-¶nepw Poh≥ \ne-

\n¬°p-sa-∂¿∞w.

Cßs\ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A{]-Xy-£-am-IpIbpw sNøp∂

Bflm-hns\ kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim[n®m¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw

A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂pw ho≠pw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂pw {àn-

°p-I am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-sX∂v a\- n-em-Ipw.

{àm-\p- -h-ß-fn¬ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw

A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠mWv Bflmhv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p F∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv. \n w-K-Xbpw \iz-c-X-bpsS Adn-

hp-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw sIm≠v {àm-\p- -h-ßƒ C√m-Ø-h-sb∂v

A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßns\ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ AYhm {àm\p- hßƒ C√m F∂v

A\p-`-hn-®m¬ Bflmhv ip≤ t_m[-ambn tZl-Øn¬ \n∂pw

thdn´v \n¬°p∂ AssZzX A\p-`hw e`n-°pw. Cu A\p-`hw

sIm≠v Bflmhv C√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p AYhm Hcp tXm∂-em-bn-

cp∂p F∂v a\- n-em-Ipw.

aX-ßfpw thZm-¥-ßfpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ kz¿§hpw tam£-hp-

ambn CXn\v bmsXm-cp-hn[ _‘-hp-an-√. Bflmhv Pohn-XsØ

bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw; ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw hcp-tºmƒ

AXv kln-°p-∂-Xn\pw; Hcp e£y-hp-an-√mØ Pohn-X-Øn\v Hcp

I¿Ω êw F∂ hnh-c-t°Sv-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v56e£y-ap≠v F∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw; _p≤n-bp-≈-h¿ k¶¬∏n-

®-h-bmWv CØcw kz¿§hpw tam£-hpw. Ch-sb√mw shdpw hnizm-

k-ßƒ am{X-am-Wv. \iz-c-X-bn¬ Bi hbv°p-∂-h≥- F{X _p≤n-

am-\m-sW-¶nepw Abmƒ Igp-Xbv°v Xpey-am-Wv. Abm-fpsS

Bflmhv F∂pw `mcw Npa∂v Xf¿∂p sImt≠-bn-cn-°pw. ap∂n¬

sI´n-bn- n-cn-°p∂ hnizm-k-amb ]p√n\p th≠n AXv F∂pw HmSn-

s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. A¥y-\m-fnse hn[nbpw kz¿§hpw Abm-fpsS

Bizm-kw -am{Xambn-cn°pw.

30. in:˛ a\p-jy\v \ne-\n¬°m≥ I¿Ω-ßƒ th≠n-h-∂Xv Ah -

t_m-[-w sIm≠v D≠mb kzm¿∞-Xbpw P\-kwJymh¿≤-\hpw

sIm≠m-Wv. AXn-\m¬ I¿Ω_‘w tam£-Øn\v XS- -am-Ip-∂Xv

Fßns\?

amÃ¿:- I¿Ω-_‘w tam£-Øn\v XS- -sa∂v aX-ßfpw thZm-

¥-ßfpw hymJym-\n-®-h¿ ]d™p ]c-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. a‰p Poh-Pm-e-

ßƒ°v C√mØ I¿Ω_‘w a\p-jy¿°v am{Xw Fßns\ D≠mbn

F∂v kq£va-ambn Nn¥n-°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-™n-√. \iz-c-amb

Poh\pw {]]-©hpw Fßns\ krjvSn-°-s∏- p-sh∂pw Ah-bn¬ a\p-

jysc ZpxJn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thZ-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zmcp-W-amb

kw -h-ßƒ Fßns\ D≠mIp∂p F∂pw tam£w F¥m-sW∂pw

Adn-bm-™Xp sIm≠mWv I¿Ω-_‘w tam£-Øn\v XS- -am-

sW∂v ]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv.

31. in:˛ \∑ {]hr-Øn-Ifpw \∑t_m[hpw \oXnbpw tImS-Xnbpw

]pWyhpw {]m¿∞-\m-e-b-ßfpw Cs√-¶n¬ kaqlw Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-

te°v A[x-]-Xn-°p-I-bns√? kaqlw \ne-\n-∂m¬ As√ Hcp kXym-

t\z-jn°v t_m[sØ Db¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p?

amÃ¿:- kpJ-Ønepw kº-∂-X-bnepw F\n°pw Fs‚ IpSpw-

_-Øn\pw am{Xw \ne-\n¬°-W-sa∂v B{Kln°p∂ kaq-l-

ØnemWv \∑- -Xn-∑-Ifpw \oXn- -A-\o-Xn-Ifpw ]m]- -]p-Wy-ßfpw hnIm-

c-ambn cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xv. AØcw kaq-l-ß-fn¬ Ch-sbm∂pw

tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. tNmZyw sNøm\pw ]mSn-√. AXv kaq-l-

sØ Acm-P-IXzØnte°v \bn-°pw.

Ct∏mƒ kaqlw Fßn-s\-bmtWm \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv, Aßns\

Xs∂-bmWv inem-bp-K-Ønepw \ne-\n-∂n- p-≈-Xv. {Iqc-X-bnepw Xn∑-

bnepw A\o-Xn-bnepw ]pXnb ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ h∂p-sh-t∂-bp-≈p.

57Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnse aX-˛-km-aq-lnI \nb-a-ßƒ Hcn-

°epw ewLn-°-s∏-Sm≥ ]mSn-√. Acm-PIXzw D≠m-Ipw. Cu kXyw

a\- n-em-°msX kaq-l-Ønse Xn∑-Isf, \∑-bpsS ]pXnb hnIm-

c-ßƒ sIm≠v ad®p ]nSn-°m≥ {ian® Nne BƒssZ-hß-fmWv

{Iqin-°-s∏- Xpw h[n-°-s∏- -Xpw. AXv Xmgv∂ t_m[Øn‚ \nb-

a-amWv, A\o-Xn-b-√.

Acm-P-IXzw D≠m-ImsX Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønse hnIm-c-ßsf

\ne-\n¿Øm≥ D]-tZiw \¬Ip∂ as‰mcp Iq´w BƒssZ-hßsf

Bflob Kpcp-°-∑m-cmbn AtX kaqlw Xs∂ _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw

Ahsc ssZh-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw tImSo-iz-c-∑m-cm-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂Xv ImWmw. C∂pw AXp Xs∂-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.

\∑, Xmgv∂ t_m[Øns‚ Xncn®dnhn¬ \n∂p-≠mIp∂ hnIm-

camWv. Xn∑bv°v ]cn-lmcw Ds≠∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°-em-W-Xv. kzm¿∞

XbpsS as‰mcp cq]amWXv.

32. in:˛ \∑bpw Xn∑bpw \ne\n¬∏ns‚ kzm¿∞Xbm

sW¶n¬ kaq-l-Øn\v Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw t_m[-Øn-ep-b-cm≥

km≤y-a√ F∂t√ A¿∞w?

amÃ¿:- Xo¿®-bmbpw GsXmcp kaq-l-Øn\pw t_m[-Øn-ep-

bcmw. F√mw Ft‚Xpw Fs‚ IpSpw-_-Ønt‚Xpw am{X-am-bn-cn-°-

W-sa∂ kzm¿∞Xbpw a’-chpw Dt]-£n-®m¬ am{Xw aXn. aX-

ÿm-]-\-ßfpw `cW IqShpw H∂mbn \n∂p sIm≠v t_m[-

imkv{X kvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n®v Ip´n -Isf sNdp∏w apX¬

t_m[sØ Db¿Øm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-cn¬ aen\ hmk-\- -km-

[-\- -B-cm-[\mtZmj-ßƒ DW-cm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-cpXv.

F√m aX˛cmjv{Sob k¶¬∏-ßfpw kaq-l-Øns‚ kpJhpw

kam-[m-\-]-c-hp-amb \ne-\n¬∏n\pw th≠n \ne sIm≈p-∂p F∂v

]d-b-s∏Sp∂-h-bm-Wv. kaqlw F{X sNdp-Xm-bmepw hep-Xm-bmepw

AXnse hy‡n-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw

AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp P\X, t_m[-imkv{X ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Db¿∂p

hcpw. Aßn-s\-bp≈ kaq-l-Øn¬ \∑,- \oXn, ]pWyw F∂nh

Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bpsS hnImcambn \ne-\n¬°msX Ah

Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ambn \ne-\n¬°pw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v58Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw XßfpsS \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

kzm¿∞-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. kz¥w kzm¿∞-Xsb

Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS kzm¿∞-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-

bp-∂-XmWv Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X. P\-kwJy

h¿≤n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw Bhiy km[-\-ßƒ Ipd-bpIbpw

sNbvXm¬ kzm¿∞X a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-h-ambn amdp-

sa∂v Ip´n-Isf sNdp∏w apX¬ ]Tn∏n--°-Ww.

Xs‚ thZ\ Xs∂-bmWv a‰p-≈-h-cpsSbpw thZ\ F∂v

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ A]-cym-]vX-

X sIm≠p≈ kzm¿∞X ho≠pw h¿≤n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-I.

Aßns\ t_m[w ho≠pw Xmgv∂v t]mbm¬ kz¥w amXm- -]n-Xm-

°-fp-sSbpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßƒ t]mepw ]nSn®p

]dn-°p∂ kzm¿∞-X-bn-te°v t_m[w Xmgv∂v t]mIpw.

kz¥w kzm¿∞X Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Bh-iy-amb t_m[w-t]mepw

C∂sØ hnZym-`ym-k-w \¬Ip∂n-√. AXn-\p-]-Icw kzm¿∞X

hy‡nXzØns‚ ASnÿm\ambn IW°m°p∂p. \∑-˛ -\o -

Xn˛]pWyw˛kvt\lw˛A\p-Iº F∂nh-bpsS hnIm-c-ßsf D]-tbm-

K-s∏-SpØn kzm¿∞-Xsb ad®p ]nSn-°m≥ kaq-lhpw aX-ßfpw

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. P\-kwJy IpdbpIbpw Bhiy km[-\-ßƒ h¿≤n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ am{Xsa GXp kaq-lhpw kzbw ]cym-]vX-am-

Ip-I-bp-≈p.- AXn\mhiyamb hnZym-`ym-k-amWv \¬tI-≠-Xv.

At∏mƒ a\p-jy-cpsS kzm¿∞X Ipd-bp-Ibpw t_m[w kmh-[m\w

Dbcp-Ibpw sNøpw. F∂m¬ ap‡n-bpsS km≤yX hf-cp∂

CØcw kaq-lsØ Poh-i‡nbmbn \n¬°p∂ hnIm-c-ßƒ Hcp

]cn-[n-°-∏pdw t_m[sØ Dbcm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√.

kaq-lt_m[w Fs∂mcp {]tXyI t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-√. hy‡n -

t_m-[ßfpsS BsI XpI-bmWv kaq-l-t_m-[w. F\n°pw Fs‚

IpSpw-_-Øn\pw am{Xw kº-∂-am-IWw, kt¥m-jn-°Ww, kpJn-

°Ww, kam-[m-\ambn Pohn-°Ww F∂ kzm¿∞ Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp≈

IpSpw-_-ßƒ sIm≠v sI´n-∏-Sp-°p∂ kaqlw, {]iv\-ßfpw ZpxJ-

ßfpw thZ-\-Ifpw sIm≠v \nd-bp-sa-∂Xv AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-

bm-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿§sØ kw_-‘n®v A¿l-X-bp-≈-h-cpsS AXn-

Po-h-\-am-I-cpXv kaql PohnXw. _p≤n-bnepw t]io-_-e-Øn-epap≈

59D®\o-NXzw kº-Ønepw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Bh-iy-ß-fnepw {]Xn- -en-

°m≥ ]mSn-√.

P\-kw-Jybpw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Bh-iyhkvXp-h-lI-fpw k¥pen-

X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. am{X-a√ AXv Xpey-ambn hnX-cWw sNøm-\p≈

t_m[w kaq-l-Øn-\p-≠m-I-Ww. AXn\v _p≤n Db¿∂Xp sIm≠v

Imcy-an-√, t_m[w Db-c-Ww. ImcWw _p≤n \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ kl-

Pm-h-t_m[-am-Wv. AXv arK-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ kzm¿∞-X-bm-Wv. AXv

A¿l-X-bp-≈-h-cpsS AXn-Po-h-\-am-Wv. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ \nb-a-amWv.

AXn\m¬ Cu kzm¿∞-Xsb \ne-\n¿Øm≥ _p≤n F¥v kq{Xhpw

(technique) {]tbm-Kn°pw. _p≤n-bpsS Cu kq{Xw Xmgv∂ t_m[-

Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-Wv. AXv Xncn-®-dn-b-emWv Db¿∂ t_m[w

sIm≠v kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv.

33. in: -˛ t_m[sØ Db¿Øphmt\m XmgvØphmt\m

km≤ya√, AXv tIh-e- bm-Ym¿∞y-am-Wv F∂mWv Aßv

]dbp∂Xv. ssZhoI aqeyßƒ F∂v hnizkn°s∏Sp∂ \∑,

kvt\lw,A\pIº,tkh\w Ch sIm≠v t_m[w Db¿Ømsa

∂mWv Rm≥ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ a\pjy¿ Nn¥n°p∂Xv. AXpw

km≤ya√ F∂v h∂m¬ ]ns∂ Fßns\bmWv t_m[sØ

Db¿ØpI?

amÃ¿:- ssZhw AJWvV˛\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-amb Xpcobw F∂

t_m[m-h-ÿbmbn \Ω-fn--se-√m-h-cnepw Hcp t]mse \ne-\n¬°p-

∂p AXns\ A\p-`-hn-°m≥ kmam\y _p≤n-bp≈ B¿°pw

Ignbpw.- {`aw sIm≠v krjvSn-°-s∏´ tZl-Øn¬ Xms\mcp hy‡n-

t_m-[-am-sW∂v Nn¥n®v DW¿∂-t∏m-gmWv hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-

b-Xv. Cu hnImcw sIm≠mWv t_m[w Xmgv∂p-t]m-Ip∂p F∂v

tXm∂p-∂-Xv. AYhm Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ am{Xsa hnImcßƒ

D≠m-Ip-I-bp≈p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am-°m≥

{ian-®m¬ t_m[w Db-cp-∂-Xmbn tXm∂pw. AXm-bXv hnIm-c-ßƒ

t_m[sØ XmgvØpIbpw Db¿ØpIbpw sNøp∂p F∂v

tXm∂n∏n°pI am{X-am-Wv.

hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ F∂v \n w-K-am-Ip-∂pthm A∂v Xs‚

hy‡nXzw C√m-Ø-Xmbncp-∂p-sh∂pw Poh\pw tZlhpw Ne-\hpw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v60A\p-`-h-ßfpw {`a-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw a\- n-em-Ipw. CXmWv

G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnse A\p- -hhpw.

Cu `qan-bn¬ \ne-\n∂p acn-°m≥ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ß-

fpsS Bh-iy-an√. kl-Pm-h-t_m-[sØ Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v \nb-

{¥n®v kpJ-ambn Pohn-°phm≥ -Ignbpw. F∂n´pw hnIm-c-ß-fn-s√-

¶n¬ PohnXw hnc-k-ambn t]mIpsa∂v Nn¥n®v F√m-hcpw hnIm-c-

ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw t_m[sØ XmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønse _p≤n I≠p-]n-Sn® kq{X-amWv \∑-bpw,

\oXnbpw, ]pWyhpw, kvt\lhpw, A\p-I-ºbpw, tkh-\hpw F√mw.

Cu hnIm-c-ßƒ ssZhoI aqeyß-fm-sW∂v \pW- ]-d™v \n¿≤\-

tcbpw \ncm-ew-_-tcbpw _p≤n -Ip-d-™-h-tcbpw XßfpsS Ah-

Im-i-ßƒ tNmZn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n°p-∂p.

krjvSn-I¿Ωw ]pdsa \n¬°p∂ Hcp ssZhoI -i-‡n-bm¬

D≠mbn F∂v {]N-cn-∏n-®m¬ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw ssZhw \¬In-b-

Xm-sW∂v hniz-kn-∏n-°m≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. aX-hn-izmkap≈ kaq-l-

Øn-em-bn-cn°pw aXn-{ -a-hpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw IqSp-X-embn ImWp-

I. Cu `qan-bn¬ kpJ-ambn Pohn-°m≥ XXz-im-kv{X-ß-fp-sSbpw

aX-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-√.

\ne-\n¬∏n-\m-h-iy-an√mØ Cu virtual hnIm-c-ßƒ Fhn-sS-

\n∂p hcp∂p? Fßns\ {]hr-Øn-°p∂p? F¥p sIm≠v {]hrØn-

°p∂p? Ah F¥mWv ? Ah Fßns\ t_m[sØ XmgvØn

tIhe bmYm¿∞ysØ Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞yß-fm°n am‰p∂p,

F∂o kXy-ßsf At\z-jn-°m\pw Ah-bpsS t{kmX- n-te°v

t\m°m\pw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp imkv{X imJ a\pjy¿ hnI-kn∏n°-

Ww. Aßns\ hnIm-c-ßsf imkv{Xo-b-ambn \n w-K-am-°n-bm¬

t_m[w Db-cp-∂-Xmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

A≤ymbw Bdv

klPmht_m-[-sa∂

kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ _p≤n

34. in:˛ a\p-jy\v am{Xw Fßns\ i‡-amb hnIm-c-ßƒ

D≠mbn? hnIm-c-ßƒ°v kzbw -D-≠m-Im\pw C√m-Xm-Im\pw

Ignhp≠v F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p sIm≠v? arK-ßƒ°pw kky-

ßƒ°pw hnIm-c-ap-s≠-¶nepw Ah hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ambn amdm-dn-√.

AXm-bXv Rm≥ A\p- -hn-°p∂p AYhm Ft‚-sX∂ A\p- hw

Ah-bn¬ ImWm-dn-√. CsXm∂v hy‡-am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ a\p-jy≥ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw \ne-

\n¬°p-∂Xv kl-Pm-h-t_m[w AYhm kl-P-amb _p≤n sIm≠m-

Wv. kl-P-amb _p≤n F∂v ]d-™m¬ kzbw {]h¿Øn°m≥

Ign-hp≈ Xncn-®-dnhv, {i≤, Hm¿Ω, A\p- hw F∂mWv A¿∞w.

F¥pw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp ImcWw thWw F∂mWv

\mw \sΩbpw {]]-©-sØbpw t\m°p-tºmƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-

bp-∂-Xv. \ap°v {]hr-Øn-°m≥ kzm¿∞- Xm¬]-cy-ßfpw {]]-©-

Øn\v {]hr-Øn-°m≥ 4 i‡n-Ifpw (Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿jW _ew, sshZyp-

X Im¥nI i‡n, i‡n Ipd™ \yqIvfn-bm¿ _ew, i‡n IqSnb

\yq¢n-bm¿ _ew) Bh-iy-amWv. F∂m¬ Poh≥ am{Xw F¥p

sIm≠v kv]μn-°p∂p F∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.

N{μ≥ F¥v sIm≠mWv `qansb hew hbv°p-∂-sX∂pw Hcp

hml\w Fßns\ X\nsb HmSp∂p F∂pw \ap-°-dn-bmw.

\ap°v bp‡n sIm≠v a\ nem°m≥ Ign-bm-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ

AXv Hcp AXnùXnI i‡n-bpsS Xe-bn¬ sIń-h-bv°p-∂Xv

kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. AXp sIm≠mWv aX-ßfpw ùXnI imkv{Xhpw

{]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw Poh-s‚bpw ImcWw GI-amb i‡n-bm-sW∂v

sXfn-bn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

t_m[w k¶¬∏w sIm≠v Hcp {à temIw krjvSn°ptºmƒ

AXv kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-ambn AYhm _p≤n-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p.

a\p-jys‚ _p≤n-bp-ambn t_m[w ho≠pw en¶v sNøp-tºmƒ AXv

hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn amdp-∂p.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v62F√m Ncm-N-c-ßƒ°pw _p≤n Ds≠∂pw F∂m¬ Bflmhv

a\p-jy\v am{Xsa D≈p-sh∂pw t_m[-imkv{Xw Is≠-Øn-bXv

AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

kzbw {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[tØmSv

t_m[w Ah-t_m-[-ambn ho≠pw _‘-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ {à hkvXp-°-

sf√mw bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ

sIm≠mWv Cu bmYm¿∞y t_m[w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞ym-\p-

`h-Øn¬ \n∂mWv hnIm-c-ßƒ cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xv. cmk-h-kvXp-

°ƒ hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw hnIm-c-ßƒ cmk-h-kvXp-°-sfbpw D¬∏m-Zn-

∏n®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-tØmSv hnIm-c-ßƒ

_‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv hnIm-c-ßƒ kzbw {]h¿Øn-

°p∂p F∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpsS _p≤n-tbmSv t_m[w Ah-t_m-[-ambn

_‘-s∏-Sm-ØXp sIm≠mWv Ah-bn¬ hnIm-c-ßƒ D≠mbn´pw

cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°s∏ń´pw Ah¿°v Rm≥ A\p-

`hn°p∂p F∂ A\p- hw e`n-°m-ØXv.

35. in:-˛ t_m[hpw Aht_m[hpw _p≤nbpw a\ pw

XΩnep≈ hyXymksa¥mWv ?-

amÃ¿:-

t_m[w:˛

\mw ssZh-sa∂v hnfn-°p∂ tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amWv t_m[w.

t_m[w kqcy-\m-sW-¶n¬ AXnse {]Im-i -c-ivan-I-fmWv Ah-t_m-

[w. \mw kqcys\ ImWp-∂Xpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xpw AXns‚ {]Imi

civan-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. AXp-t]mse ssZhsØ \mw kzoI-cn-°p-

∂Xpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xpw Ah-t_m-[-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Pohs\ \ne-

\n¿Øm≥ \mw kqcy-{]-Im-isØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse

hy‡n-t_m-[-sa∂ ‘Rm≥’s\ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ ssZhsØ D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. Aßns\ ssZhsØ ‘Rm≥’ F∂ hy‡n-

t_m-[-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØp-tºmƒ AXn¬ ]c-am-\-μ-kp-Jhpw

kt¥m-jhpw am{Xsa D≠m-Im≥ ]mSp-≈p. ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw

Hcp- Im-c-W-h-imepw hcm≥ ]mSn-√.

Aht_m[w:˛

ssZhsØ Ah-t_m-[-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ

]ń-Wnbpw tcmK-ßfpw ASn-a-Xzhpw bp≤-ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw

63D≠m-Im≥ ]mSn-√. Ch-sIm≠v ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ ssZhsØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p

F∂¿∞w. AXp-t]mse hm¿≤Iyw aqe-ap≈ Pcm-\-cbpw tcmK-

ßfpw hcp-tºmƒ _p≤n Ah-t_m[w D]-tbm-Kn®v Poh-s‚bpw

{]]-©-Øn-t‚bpw \iz-cX Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv. Cu Xncn-®-dn-hmWv

Pohs\ \ntj-[n®v tam£w {]m]n-°-W-sa∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ \sΩ

FØn-°p-∂-Xv.

hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-amb \ne-\n¬∏n-s‚bpw kzm`m-

hn-I-amb thZ\bpw hy‡n-t_m-[-Øns‚ ac-W-an-√m-bvabpw ]Zm¿∞-

ß-fpsS \iz-c-Xbpw tZlhpam-bp≈ t_m[-Øns‚ en¶v C√m-Xm-

°m\pw Cu en¶v aqe-ap-≠mb Pm{KXv F∂ {`aØn¬ \n∂v Xpco-

b-sa∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-Ønte°v DW-cm\pw AXn¬ Fs∂∂pw

\ne-\n¬°m\pw \sΩ i‡-ambn t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. GXv Ah-ÿ-

bnepw GXv Xcw tZlØnepw t_m[w imcocnI thZ\ A\p`hn

°psa∂ AdnhmWv bYm¿∞ ⁄m\n Poh-∑p-‡n-bn-te°v AYhm

bYm¿∞ tam£-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-tc-≠-Xns‚ bp‡n-bmbn D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

a\ v:˛

At\-Im-bncw P∑-ß-fn-eqsS tZl-tIm-i-ß-fn¬ h∂p tNcp∂

hmk-\˛Bcm-[-\˛km[\m tZmj-ßsf Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v Xncn-

®-dn™v Hcp hy‡n-t_m[w cq]o-I-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv a\ v Db¿∂p

hcp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv hy‡nt_m[hpw a\ pw Bflmhpw H∂p

Xs∂. D]m-[n-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn A{i-≤-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ

am{Xsa a\- n\v hy‡nt_m-[-ambn {]hr-Øn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

D]m-[n-Iƒ°-XoXambn Xs∂Øs∂ {i≤n-®m¬ a\ v A{]-Xy-£-

am-Ipw. F∂m¬ X\nsb {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ hmk\mtZmj-

ßƒ a\ v A{]-Xy£-am-Im≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√.

_p≤n:˛

Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hmk-\-I-fpsS Bt]-£nI

A\p- -h-ßsf Iuiew sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v t_m[n-∏n-°p∂ ico-

c-Ønse kwhn-[m-\-amWv akvXnjv°w AYhm _p≤nbpsS Ccn-∏nSw.

36. in:-˛ {]]-©-tØbpw `qan-sbbpw a\p-jy-scbpw krjvSn-

®Xv ssZhamsW∂pw, a\p-jy¿ ssZhsØ a\- n-em-°msX, ssZh

\nb-a-ßƒ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw- ]m]w sNøp-Ibpw Bcm-

klPmht_m-[-sa∂ kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ _p≤n

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v64[n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXp sIm≠mWv ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw

\¬Is∏´Xv F∂mWv ska-‰nIv aX-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

I¿Ω-amWv _‘w, _‘w Dt]-£n-®m¬ tam£w. {]]-©-ambn

ImWp-∂-sX√mw {_“w Xs∂. krjvSn-˛-ÿn-Xn-˛-kw-lm-c-sa√mw

ssZh-Øns‚ shdpw eoe-Iƒ am{Xw. krjvSn°v apºv D◊-bpsS

A\p- -h-tØm-Sp -Iq-Snb AJWvV t_m[w am{Xsa D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p-≈p. AXv kzbw ]e cq]-ß-fmbpw {]]-©-ambpw {]I-S-ambn

F∂mWv D]-\n-j-Øn¬ krjvSnsb hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{_“sØ am{Xw D]mkn®m¬ {_“-Øn¬ ebn®p tNcmw.

{]W-thm-]m-k-\-bn-eqsS Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-cm-sa∂pw

⁄m\-tbmKw `‡ntbmKw I¿ΩtbmKw F∂n-h-bn-eqsS tam£w

{]m]n-°m-sa∂pw thZm-¥-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

F¥mWv Ch-bp-sS-sb√mw s]mcpƒ? kmam\y bp‡n°pw

A\p- -h-Øn\pw tbmPn-°m-Ø-h-bmWv Cu ]d-bp-∂-sX√mw F∂v

Imew sXfn-bn®p Ign-™p. Bcpw tam£w t\Sm≥ Xøm-d-√m-Ø-

Xn-\m¬ P\-kwJy Hcp s]m´nsØdn-bpsS h°n¬ \n¬°p-∂p.

AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬ Chsb Fßns\ a\- n-em°mw?

amÃ¿:- krjvSn- -ÿn-Xn- -\m-i-Øns‚ clkyw Fs¥-∂v A-dn-

bm-ØXp sIm≠pw; \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-Im-Ø-Xp-sIm≠pw; Cu qan-

bn¬ kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n¬°-W-sa∂v i‡-ambn B{K-

ln-°p-Ibpw Aßns\ \ne-\n¬°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ ImcWw Adn-

bmØ {]IrXn Zpc-¥-ßfpw tcmK-ßfpw sIm≠pw; Blm-cw,-

]m¿∏nSw t]mep≈ a‰m-h-iy-ßfpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ffp∏w

e`n-°m-ØXp sIm≠pw; D≠m-Ip∂ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw Xmßm≥

]‰msX hcp-tºmƒ Hcp AXn- u-XnI i‡nsb k¶¬∏n-°p-∂Xv

kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ _p≤n- {]t£-]-W-sa∂ {]Xn-

`m-k-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv ssZhw ]pdØp \n¬°p∂

i‡n-bm-sW∂pw krjvSn ÿnXn\miw kXy-am-sW∂pw \iz-c-amb

hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw bYm¿∞-am-sW∂pw tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F√m

{]]© i‡n-I-sfbpw AS°n `cn-°p∂ Hcp GI i‡n-sb-°p-dn-

®p≈ k¶¬∏w F√m-°m-ehpw a\p-jy-cn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂v

ImWmw.- C-√mØ Hcp i‡n-tbmSv A\p-k-c-Whpw A\p-k-c-W-

t°Spw ImWn-°pI km≤y-a-√, AXns\ At\z-jn-®n´pw Bcm-[n-

®n´pw Imcy-an-√. kz¥w a\- ns‚ aXn-{ -am-\p- hw ssZho-I-am-sW∂v

65[cn® BƒssZ-h-ß-fmWv CØcw I¬∏-\-Ifpw A\pkc-W-t°Spw

Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-ßfpw sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. Ah-bpsS Dt±iw shdpw

NqjWw am{X-am-Wv.

`b-s∏-Sp∂ F¥n-t\bpw Bcm-[n-°pI, AXn\v ASn-a-s∏-SpI

F∂Xv Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ Adn-hn-√m-bva-bm-Wv.

⁄-mt\-{μn-b-ß-fpsS kq£va-ÿnX⁄m\w (perception) D]-

tbm-K-s∏-SpØn t_m[w {]t£-]Ww sNøp∂ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw

\iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-SW-sa-¶n¬ {]t£-]Ww sNøp∂

t_m[w ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßsf amdn-\n∂v t\m°p∂ km£n-bmbn amd-

Ww. s{]mP-IvS¿ Xs∂ kn\n-asb \nco-£n-®m¬ s{]mP-IvS-dn\v

AXv kn\n-a-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-I-bn-√. AXp-t]mse t_m[w Xs∂

Xs‚ {]t£-]Ww \nco-£n-®m¬ AXp {]t£-]-W-am-sW∂v tXm∂p-

I-bn√ F∂Xv Dd-∏t√? s{]mP-IvS-dn-s\bpw kn\n-asbbpw amdn-

\n∂v \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv kn\n-asb \mw bYm¿∞-sa-∂v

AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-Xv. AXp-t]mse kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-sØbpw

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fpsS kq£-a-ÿn-X-⁄m-\-tØbpw amdn-\n∂v

t\m°p∂ km£n-bmbn amdn-bm¬ t_m[-Øns‚ {]t£-]-Whpw

\iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

krjvSn°pw ]m] -]p-Wy-ßƒ°pw A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn\pw Bcm-

[-\bv°pw I¿Ω-Øn\pw; hy‡-hpw hkvXp\njvT-hp-amb t{kmX-

p-≠v. B t{kmX- ns\ At\z-jn-°m≥ Bcpw C∂p-hsc {ian®n-

´n-√. ImcWw F√m-Øn-s‚bpw aqe t{kmX v kz¥w kzm¿∞-X-

bm-sW∂v Is≠-tØ-≠-Xmbn hcpw. kzm¿∞ hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ Pohn-

°-W-sa∂ a\p-jy-cpsS B{K-l-amWv kz¥w AkvXnXzw At\z-

jn-°msX Pohn-°m≥ a\p-jysc t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

C√mØ ssZh-i-‡nsb Ds≠∂v hniz-kn-∏n-®v, hnizm-kn-Isf

Hcp-an®p \n¿Øm-\p≈ X{¥-ßƒ am{X-amWv CsX-√mw.

temI-Ønse Hcp Pohn°pw C√mØ I¿Ω-_‘w a\p-jy\v

am{Xw Fßn-s\ -h-∂p-sh∂v thZm-¥nIƒ Nn¥n-®n-√.

P\\w apX¬ ac-Ww-hsc I¿Ωw sNømsX Pohn-°m≥ Ign-

bn√ F∂pw I¿Ωw {]mc_v[ thZ-\bpw ZpxJ-hp-ambn PohnX Imew

apgp-h\pw \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂pw I¿Ω-amWv G‰-hpw henb ASn-

aXzw F∂pw a\- n-em-°nb thZm-¥n-Iƒ I¿Ω -{]m-c-_v[-ß-fn¬

\n∂p≈ tamN\w tam£-sa∂ ]q¿Æ kzmX-{¥y-am-sW∂v Nn¥n-®m¬

AXpw { a- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{ a hnIm-cm\p`h-ßƒ kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn-∏n-°p∂

t_m[-Øns‚ {]t£-]Ww F∂ {]Xn- mkw Xs∂-bmWv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v66tZl-Øn-ep≈ \ne-\n¬∏v hmkvXhw F∂p≈ A\p- hw Xs∂-

bm-Wn-Xv.

{]IrXn-bnse a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ Fßns\ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂v ]Tn°m-sX, Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xs‚ kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ°-

\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°m≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ, F√m-h-cp-sSbpw kzm¿∞

taml-ßfpw B{K-l-ßfpw XΩn¬ s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw;

PohnXw I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ß-fpsS Hcp bp≤-°-f-ambn amdp-sa∂pw;

AXn\m¬ AØcw PohnXw ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw sIm≠v

\ndbpsa∂pw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bm-™n- √; adn®v Aßn-s\sb Rm≥

Pohn-°p-I-bp≈p F∂v F√m-hcpw hmin-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv

I¿Ωw {]mc_v[ ZpxJ-ambn amdn-b-Xv.

kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v CØcw

{]mc_v[w Ah-bpsS kzm`mhnI-amb Pohn-X-Øn-en-√.

hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v am{X-amWv I¿Ωw {]mc-

_v[hpw ZpxJ-hpw thZ-\-bpw ASn-a-Xzhp-am-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

I¿Ωw tbmK-bpsS am¿§-am-sW∂v kzoI-cn®v, \njvIma I¿Ωw

sNbvXXp sImt≠m, I¿Ω-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hgn™p \n∂Xp

sImt≠m, ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw ASn-a-Xzhpw C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√. tam£-

sa∂ \nXy-amb kzmX{¥yw e`n-°p-I-bp-an-√.

I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ß-fpsS t{kmX v hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fm-sW∂v

a\- n-em°n a\- ns\ \n w-K-am-°m≥ {ian®p t\m°p-I. At∏mƒ

I¿Ω {]mc_v[w tXm∂-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw tam£m-\p- hw F¥m-

sW∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

t_m[-Øn\v ]e cq]-ß-fmbpw {]]-©-ambpw amdm≥ km≤y-a-

√. Aßns\ amdn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ahsbm∂pw \iz-cw B-Ip--am-

bncp∂n-√. Ch-sb√mw t_m[-Ønse {`aw BbXp sIm≠mWv

\izcambn amdn-b-Xv.

{]Wthm]mk\, at{¥m-®m-c-Ww Ch km[-\Ifm-Wv. a{¥w

sNm√m-Xn-cp-∂Xp sImt≠m, km[-\-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xp

sImt≠m, I¿Ωw {]mc_v[w BbXp sImt≠m, Btc-sb-¶nepw

A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xp sImt≠m A√ t_m[w Pm{K-Øn¬ tZlw

kzoI-cn®v DW¿∂-Xv. A⁄m\w bmYm¿∞yhpw Pm{K-Øn-te-°p-

W-cm-\p≈ Imc-Whpw Bbm¬ am{Xsa ⁄m\ tbmKw sIm≠v

ho≠pw tam£-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

67ssZhw X∂n¬ \n∂pw A\y-amb i‡nbpw krjvSmhpw

Bbm¬ am{Xsa ‡n tbmKw sIm≠v ssZh-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥

km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. Xm≥ Xs∂ kzbw ssZh-am-sW-¶n¬ `‡n°v

{]k-‡n-bn-√.

37. in:˛ hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am-°n-bm-ep≈ tam£m-\p-`hw

F¥mWv? AXv ac-W-Øn\v tijw e`n-°p-∂-XmtWm?

amÃ¿:˛ t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xn-

s\-bmWv ]q¿Æ kzmX{¥yw AYhm tam£w F∂ hm°p sIm≠v

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. t_m[-imkv{Xw Cu A\p- -hsØ AssZz-Xm-

\p- hw F∂pw {io _p≤≥ CXns\ \n¿ΔmW F∂pw Pokkv

CXns\ \nXy-Po-h≥ F∂pw AjvS-h{I ap\n CXns\ Poh-\n¬

\n∂p-ap≈ ap‡n F∂pamWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

tZl-Øns‚ ac-W-hp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√mØ A\p-

-h-amWv Ch-sb√mw. tZl-]-Zm¿∞-Øn¬ Poh≥ hcp-∂Xpw t]mIp-

∂Xpw AssZz-Xm-\p- -hhpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. AXn-

\m¬ Poh≥ Ds≠-¶nepw Cs√-¶nepw tam£m-\p- hw km≤y-am-Wv

F∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

AssZz -Xm -\p -`hw F¥m-sW-∂v A\p-` -hn -°m -™Xp

sIm≠mWv ska-‰nIv aX- ]WvUn-Xcpw thZm-¥n-I-fn¬ Nnecpw -a-c-

W- ti-j-amWv tam£w e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂v {]N-cn-∏n-®-Xv.

a\p-jy\v am{Xw e`n-°p∂ AXy-]q¿Δamb Cu A\p-`hw

[mcmfw t]¿°v e`n-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu A\p -hsØ ÿmbn-

bm°n am‰n tam£w t\Sn-b-h¿ {io _p≤-s\bpw caW al¿jn-

tbbpw t]mep≈ hfsc Npcp°w t]¿ am{X-sa-bp-≈p.

sk≥ k\ym-kn-Ifpw kq^n-Ifpw Nne [ym\ coXn-Iƒ sIm≠v

Cu A\p- hw Ir{Xn-a-ambn D≠m-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p

Nne¿°v caW al¿jn-sb-t∏mse CXv {]IrXym e`n-®n- p-≠v.

Cu A\p- -hsØ Zm\-ambn In´n-b-h¿°v CsX-s¥∂v imkv{Xo-

b-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bm-™-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw

BƒssZ-h-ß-fmbn amdn.

kaq-lsØ \∑-bn-te°v \bn-°m≥ Cdßn ]pd-s∏- Ah-cn¬

Nnesc kaqlw Xs∂ ]oVn-∏n®v sIm√p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿ kzbw

]oVn-∏n®pw acn-°m≥ CSbmIpIbpw sNbvXp. aq∂m-a-sXmcp Iq´¿

cmPm-hn-s\-t∏mepw sh√p∂ BƒssZ-h-ßfmbn amdn.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v68Cu A\p- hw At\z-j-W-Øn-eqsS D≠m°n FSpØ {io _p≤-

s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h¿ \n¿Δm-W-bn-se-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp, F∂m¬

Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn® am¿§-ßsf ]ptcm-lnX h¿§w \in-∏n®p If-

™p. Zm\-ambn Inńb AssZz-Xm-\p- hw sIm≠v Poh-\n¬ \n∂pw

ap‡n t\Snb B[p-\nI temI-Ønse Htc-Hcp hy‡n Xangv \mń¬

Pohn-®n-cp∂ {io caW al¿jn am{X-amWv F∂mWv sXfn-hp-Iƒ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø-hcpw D≠m-tb-°mw.

38. in:˛ Xm\pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-fnepw {]]©

hkvXp-°-fnepw Htc ssNX-\y-amWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv F∂ Adn-

hn-s\- AssZz-X-⁄m\w F∂pw c≠v F∂ A\p- hw D≈-Xn-s\-

thZm-¥-ßƒ ssZzXw F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. AXm-bXv Ht∂-bp≈p

F∂ AdnhmWv AssZz-Xw. F∂m¬ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ c≠v

F∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-

∂-Xv. AXv F¥p sIm≠mWv?

amÃ¿:˛ AssZz-XsØ hnIm-c-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ A\p-`-h-Øn-

eqsS a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-®Xp sIm≠mWv Cßs\ Hcp kwibw

D≠m-b-Xv.

Xpco-b-sa∂ AJ-WvU- -\n-›-e- -\n- wKamb t_m[w {]]-©-

sØbpw Poh-s\bpw a\p-jy-s\bpw k¶¬∏n®v {à-Øn-eqsS

krjvSn®v AXn¬ Hcp tZl-Øn¬ DW-cp∂p AYhm Rm≥ tZl-

Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ D◊-bpsS A\p- hw bmYm¿∞y-ambn

Adn-bp-∂p.- A-ßns\ hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn t_m[w(ssZhw) A[x-]-

Xn-®-t∏mƒ kz¥w tZlhpw {]]-©hpw Xs‚ k¶¬∏-ß-f√ F∂v

sX‰mbn [cn-t°≠n h∂p. AXn\p ImcWw {à hnIm-c-ßƒ

sIm≠v Xs‚ Xpco-b-sa∂ tIhe bmYm¿∞y A\p- hsØ Bt]-

£nI bmYm¿∞ym\p`h-ß-fmb tZl-sa∂pw {]]-©-sa∂pw A\p-

-hn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂XpsIm≠mWv. Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v i‡-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

H∂ns\ B[m-c-am°n as‰m∂v bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v [cn-°p-

∂-Xn-s\-bmWv Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v ]d-bp∂Xv. Cu Bt]-

£nI bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ, Xm≥ tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amb AYhm

AJWvV˛\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-amb km£m¬ ssZh-am-sW-∂p≈ A\p-

69`-hsØ C√m-Xm°n,a÷bpw amwkhpw D≈ tZlam-sW∂pw

{]IrXn AYhm ]pdsa \n¬°p∂ Hcp i‡n-bmWv Xs∂ krjvSn®v

\ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv F∂p≈ Adnhpw A\p- -hhpw \¬In. CXn-s\-

bmWv ssZzXm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

ssZzXm-\p- hw amb-b-√, AXp-≈-Xm-sW-¶nepw {`a-am-Wv. Cu

ssZzXm-\p- hw AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-ambn amd-W-sa-¶n¬ Xm≥ AJ-WvV-

˛-\n-›-e-˛-\n- wK t_m[-am-sW∂pw tZl-]-Zm¿∞hpw AXnse

_p≤nbpw ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfpw tN¿∂v D≠m°n ImWn-°p∂ {]]-

©hpw kz¥w tZlhpw \iz-c-am-sW∂pw A\p- -h-s∏-S-Ww.

Adn-bp∂ t_m[w bmYm¿∞yhpw Adn-hn\v Imc-W-amb

tZlhpw {]]-©hpw \iz-c-hp-am-sW∂pw A\p- -hn-®mse ip≤-amb

t_m[w am{XamWv bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv tZlhpw t_m[hpw cs≠∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xns\ AssZz-

Xm-\p- hw F∂v t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ ]d-tb-≠-Xmbn h∂-Xv.

Rm\pw {]]-©hpw c≠v F∂ kmam\y Adnhv ssZzXw. F√m-

Øn-t‚bpw ssNX\yw H∂p-Xs∂ F∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv _p≤n-bpsS

bp‡n AYhm AssZz-X-⁄m-\w. c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv

AssZz-Xm-\p- hw AYhm tam£w. c≠n¬ H∂v \iz-c-am-sW-¶n¬

_m-°n-bm-Ip-∂Xv am{Xsa bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p. Aßn-s\-bp≈

B bmYm¿∞ysØ A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

t_m[w \iz-c-amb tZl-_p≤nbp-ambn tN¿∂v Xm≥ \iz-c-

a√ F∂v hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn A\p- -hn-

°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv \iz-c-amb hy‡n-XzsØ a\p-jy¿ bmYm¿∞y-

sa∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xv.


A≤ymbw Ggv

t_m[hpw tZlhpw

cs≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ ]co-£Ww

39. in:˛ t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂ A-\p-`hamWv

AssZz-Xm-\p`hw F∂mWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ AXv A\p-

-hn-°p∂ hy‡n°v t_m[-Øns‚ kz`mhw Fs¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥

Ign-b-Ww. F¥mWv t_m[sØ hnIm-c-an-√msX X\n-®-\p- -hn-°p-

tºmƒ D≈ A\p- hw?

amÃ¿:˛ t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-tºm-

gmWv t_m[w AJ-WvVhpw \n›-ehpw \n w-K-hp-am-sW∂v A\p-

-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

Hcp {]tXyI tZl-tØmSv am{Xw _‘-s∏´v \n∂v A\p- -h-

ßsf Adn-bp∂ H∂mWv t_m[w. Xs‚ tZlw t]mepw Xs‚

B{K-l-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv krjvSn-°-s∏- -sX∂v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp∂

Ah-ÿ-bm-W-Xv.

AXm-bXv Xs‚ tZlw Dƒs∏sS F√m {]]© hkvXp-°fpw

Poh\pw kz]v\ kam-\-amb shdpw {`ahpw \iz-chpam-sW∂ A\p-

-h-hpamWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Abmƒ°v krjvSn F¥n-\p-th≠n

F∂v tNmZn-t°≠n hcp∂-Xv.

C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ {]K-¤-cmb anÃn-°p-Iƒ AYhm BƒssZ-h-

ßƒ t]mepw krjvSn F¥n-\p-th≠n F∂v tNmZn-®-Xmbn sXfn-hp-

I-fn-√. ImcWw Ah¿ kz¥w tZlhpw {]]©hpw anYy-bm-sW∂v

Adn-bp-I-bpw, F∂m¬ Ah bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p-`-hn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp F∂p-≈-XmWv kXyw.

kz¥w tZl-sØ-t∏mepw X∂n¬ \n∂v A\y-ambn ImWp∂

AssZz-Xm-\p- -hn°v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Adn-hp-

Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw F√mw Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞yw am{X-am-Wv.

H∂v t]mbm¬ at‰Xpw A{]-Xy-£-amIpw; AXm-bXv c≠pw

\iz-c-sa∂¿∞w. CXn-s\-bmWv Bt]-£nI A\p- hw F∂v ]d-

bp-∂-Xv.

71Bt]-£nI A\p- hw kz]v\-a√. AXm-bXv C√m-ØXv D≠v

F∂ tXm∂-e√ adn®v D≈Xv \in®p t]mIp-∂Xv F∂ A\p- -

ham-Wv. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ am{Xsa Bt]-£nI

A\p- h-Øn\v \ne-\n¬∏p-≈p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv t_m[-a-WvV-e-

an-√mØ arK-ßƒ \iz-c-Xsb Adn-bm-Ø-Xv.

\m\m-Xz-Ønse GIXzamWv t_m[-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb cl-

kyw. Htc-Hcp tZlsØ A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw a‰p tZl-ß-fnse A\p-

-hsØ A\p- -hn-°m≥ IgnbmsX Ah¿°pw A\p- -h-ßƒ D≠v

F∂v Adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂XmWv A¤p-X-I-c-amb Imcyw.

Xms\m-gn®v a‰p-≈-h¿s°√mw A\p-`-h-ßƒ D≠v F∂-dn-bm≥

am{Xsa F√m-h¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bp≈p. AXm-bXv Ht∂ P\n-®n- p≈p

F∂¿∞w.

t_m[w Hmtcm tZl-tØbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Hcp t_m[-

a-WvVew D≠m-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. B t_m[ aWvVeØnse

hkvXp-°-fmWv {]]-©hpw a\pjycpw a‰p PohPm-e-ß-fpw.

Aßns\ 750 tImSn-bn¬∏cw a\p-jysc D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn 750-

˛tImSn-bn¬∏cw t_m[-a-WvVew D≠m°pIbpw AXn¬ Hcm-fpsS

t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ at‰ Bƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂v {`an-∏n-°p-

∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv F√m-hcpw Htc {]]-©-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂v [cn-°p-∂-Xv.

`qXw-˛-`m-hn-˛-h¿Ø-am\w F∂o Ime-ßsf tIm¿Øn-W°n,

t_m[w cq]o-I-cn-°p∂ kw -h-ßfpsS A\p- -hsØ Nne cmk-h-

kvXp-°-fmbn akvXn-jv°-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®p hbv°p-Ibpw Bhiyw

D≈-t∏mƒ AXv t_m[-Øn-te°v Hm¿Ω-bmbn sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw

sNøp∂Xp sIm≠mWv {`aw XpS¿®-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂Xv. AXm-

bXv t_m[-Øn\v Hm¿Ωsb hmbn-°p-hm≥ am{Xsa Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p,-

ti-J-cn®p hbv°m≥ km≤y-a-√. Hcp akvXnjv°w acn®p Ign-™m¬

AXnse Hm¿Ω-ßƒ \in®p t]mIp-Ibpw ]pXnb tZl-Øn¬ AXv

Xncn®p sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Ign-bm-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

hy‡n t_m[w ]p\¿P-\n-°p∂p F∂v tXm∂m-Ø-Xv.

t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂v A\p-`-hn-°p-tºm-gmWv

t_m[w \n›-e-amWv F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbp-∂-Xv.

tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcmƒ Ata-cn-°-bnte°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂pw

N{μ-\nte°pw t]mbm¬ t]mepw Abm-fpsS Xncn-®-dnhv AYhm

Ah--t_m[w amdp-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv Hcp-hs‚ akvXnjv°w Fhn-

t_m[hpw tZlhpw cs≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ ]co-£Ww

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v72sS-t∏m-bmepw t_m[w Abm-fpsS ]ndsI t]mIp-sa-∂√ adn®v

Abmƒ sN√p-∂n-S-sØ√mw \n›-e-ambn \n¬°p∂ t_m[sØ

hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn kzoI-cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-sa-∂¿∞w.

AXm-bXv hy‡n-t_m-[-a√ Nen-°p-∂Xv adn®v tZlw Nen-°p-

tºmƒ hy‡n-t_m[Øn\v Nen-°p∂p F∂p tXm∂p-I-bm-Wv. kw -

h-ßsf akvXn-j°w XpS¿®-bmbn tiJ-cn®p hbv°p-Ibpw t_m[w

AXv hmbn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -h-amWv Ne-\w.

A¬∏ t\cw kzbw Xncn-™m¬ Xe-I-d-°hpw a\w-]n-c- epw

F√m-h¿°pw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂Xv t_m[w \n›-e-am-sW-∂-Xns‚

sXfn-hm-Wv. akvXnjv°w Xncn-bp-tºmƒ AtXm-sSm∏w t_m[w Xncn-

bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Xncn -bp∂ akvXn-jv°-Øn\v Xncn -bmØ

t_m[hpambp≈ en¶v hnI-e-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ A\p- -h-amWv Xe-Np-‰¬.

whirling meditation- eqsS kq^n-Iƒ t_m[w tZl-hp-ambn

hn´p \n¬°p∂ A\p- hw Ir{Xn-a-ambn krjvSn-°m-dp≠v. Xe Id-

ßp∂ A\p- -hsØ adn-I-S∂v akvXn-jv-°sØ Hcp {]tXyI thK-

Xbn¬ Id-°n-bm¬ tZlhpw t_m[hpw thdn´p \n¬°p∂ {àm-

\p- -h-ap≠-m-Ipw. Cu A\p- -h-Øn-eqsS t_mt[m-Z-b-Øn-se-Øm-sa-

∂mWv Ah¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Id°w \n¬°p-tºmƒ

Cu A\p- hw \jvS-s∏´p t]mIp-Ibpw sNøpw. F¶nepw Cu {àm-

\p- hw bYm¿∞ AssZz-Xm-\p- hw e`n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]cn-{i-a-Øn\v

{]tNm-Z\w \¬Ipsa∂Xv kXy-am-Wv.

Cu saUn-t‰-j-\n-eqsS e`n® A\p- -h-amWv bYm¿∞ AssZz-

Xm-\p- -h-Øn\v ]cn-{i-an-°m≥ Fs∂ t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.

kz¥w Iq¿°w-hen Hcp-\n-anjw tIƒ°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw

AssZz-Xm-\p- hØns‚ {àw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu A\p- -hsØ Hcp

\n-an-j-Øn¬ \n∂v aWn-°q-dp-I-fn-te°pw Znh-k-ß-fn-te°pw \oń

sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ anÃn-°p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-hp-I-bn-√. CXn\v kam-\-amb

A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn ]ecpw Fs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂n- p-≠v. F∂m¬

Ah-cmcpw Cu A\p- -hsØ ÿmbn-bm-°m≥ {ian-®n- n-√. AØcw

Hc-\p- hw F¥p -sIm-≠m-sW∂v Adn-bm≥ t]mepw Ah¿ Iq´m-

°n-bn-√. ImcWw Ah-sc-√m-hcpw ]e -X-c-Øn-ep≈ hmk\˛ km[\˛

Bcm-[\mtZmj-ßƒ°v AYhm hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ°v ASn-

a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°m-\p-≈

ss[cyw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

AssZz-Xm-\p- hØnse-Øp-tºm-gmWv \n w-KX t_m[-Øns‚

aq∂m-asØ {]tXy-I-X-bm-sW∂v a\ nem-Ip-∂-Xv.

73\n w-K-Xsb s]mkn‰ohv s\K-‰ohv hnIm-c-ßfmbn hnL-Sn-∏n®v

A\p-`-hn-°p-tºm-gmWv F√mw bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

t_m[Øns‚ {]t£-]-Whpw \nkw-K-XbpsS hn`P\hpw IqSn

tNcptºmƒ \iz-c-Xsb F√m-hcpw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Cu adhn

kzm¿∞-X-tbbpw Ah- t\-Sm-\p≈ B{K-l-hp-ambn amdp-tºmƒ Pohn-

XØns‚ bmYm¿∞yX ho≠pw i‡n-{]m-]n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

B{K-l-ßfpw Ah t\Sm-\p≈ kzm¿∞-Xbpw Cs√-¶n¬ {à-

-hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ \jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw. AØcw

Pohn-X-sØ-bmWv \yq{S¬ sse^v F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ am{Xw Pohn-°p-∂-h\v {àm-\p- hw am{Xsa D≠m-Ip-

I-bp-≈p. AXv AssZz-Xm-\p- hambn Abmƒ°v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

tZlsØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ {àm-\p- hw am{Xw aXn, {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-cm-\p- h-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-an-√.

P\n-°p∂p acn-°p∂p F∂pw krjvSn- -ÿn-Xn- -kw-lm-c-ßƒ Hcp

AXn- u-XnI i‡n-bn¬ \n∂v D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂pw D≈ A\p- hw

{àamsW∂v \n w-KX kw -hn-°p-tºm-gmWv Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv.

AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-amb AYhm Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[-a-

WvV-e-Øn-te°v {]]-©- Pohm-\p- -h-ßsf t_m[w Xs∂ k¶¬∏-

ßƒ sIm≠v Btcm-]n-®-Xm-sW∂v At∏mgmWv a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv.

Cu hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Ign-™ kw`h-ß-sfbpw hcm≥ t]mIp-

∂ kw -h-ß-sfbpw ÿe- -Ime t_m[-Øn¬ tIm¿Øn-W-°m-\p≈

Hm¿Ω-i-‡nbp≠v.

Cu Hm¿Ω-i‡n-bmWv Pm{K-Xv F∂ kz]v\ kam-\-amb (\iz-

c-amb) {àsØ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv.

CØcw Hcp Hm¿Ω-i‡n C√m-ØXp sIm≠mWv arK-ßƒ°v

‘Rm≥’ A\p- hn°p∂p F∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv.

kq£va-\n-co-£-Whpw ({i≤) `mjbpw Cu Hm¿Ω i‡n-bn¬

\n∂mWv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. h¿Øam-\-Im-e-Øn¬ Hm¿Ωsb t_m[-

]q¿Δw ]nSn®p \n¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv {i≤ AYhm \nco-£Ww

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Hm¿Ω-i-‡nbpw {i≤bpw -am-{X-a√ kzbw kwL-

Sn-°p-hm\pw hfcphm\pw \in-°p-hm-\pw ho≠pw P\n-°p-hm\p-ap≈

Ign-hpw D≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fmb Poh\pw, {]]-

©hpw, i‡nbpw X\nsb D-≠mbn \ne-\n∂v C√m-Xm-Ip-sa∂v thZm-¥-

ßfpw B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{X-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse Is≠-Øn-b-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v74\yq{S¬ sse^n¬ AYhm tam£m-\p-`-h-Øn¬ FØp∂

\n wK km£n°v ]n∂oSv ac-Ww-hsc BsI c≠v A\p- -hsa

D≠m-Ip-I-bp-≈p, imco-cnI thZ-\bpw ssewKnI kpJhpw. Ch-

bn¬ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ imco-cnI thZ-\-Isf (hni-∏v,-Zm-lw,-A-an-X-amb

NqSv-,-X-Wp∏v) ]cn-l-cn®p Ign-™m¬ ]n∂oSv _m°n-bm-Ip-∂Xv tcmK-

ßƒ sIm≠pw A]-I-S-ßƒ sIm≠pw D≠m-Ip∂ thZ-\-Iƒ am{X-

am-Wv. Ah-bpsS imiz-X- ]-cn-lmcw km≤y-a-√m-ØXp sIm≠mWv

Poh-\n¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w AbmfpsS Bh-iy-ambn amdp-∂-Xv.

Cu kXyw t_m≤y-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn¬ X\nsb

Db-cp∂ ssewKnI kpJsØ X≈n-°-f-bm≥ Xocpam\n-°-Ww. CXv

A{Xbv°v Ffp-∏-a√ F∂v \ap°v Adn-bmw. thZ-\sb Ah-K-Wn-

°m≥ Ign-™mepw kpJsØ Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. ImcWw

G‰hpw i‡-amb cmk-bm-Ym¿∞y-amWv ssewKnI kpJw. t_m[-

Øn¬ Db¿∂ anÃn-°p-Iƒ ho≠pw Poh-\n¬ ]Xn-°p-∂Xv, kl-

Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn\v X\nsb D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Cu kpJm-\p- -

hsØ \iz-c-Xm-\p- hw sIm≠v C√m-ØXv F∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥ Ign-

bm-ØXp sIm≠pw Cu kpJsØ a‰p ]e B{K-l-ßfpw B°n

am‰p-∂Xp sIm≠pam-Wv.

km[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v ssewKnI kpJw Hcn-°epw i‡-am-Im-

dn-√. ImcWw Cu kpJw At\-Im-bncw kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ß-fpsS

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ß-fmbn hnL-Sn-®mWv F√m-h-cnepw \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-Xv. hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-bm-Ip∂ anÃn-°n¬

hnLSn®p \n¬°p∂ Cu A\p-`-h-ßƒ F√mw IqSn tN¿∂v

ssewKnI kpJw F∂ Htc-Hcp A\p- -h-ambn amdp-∂p. km[m-c-

W-°m-cmb Nne a\p-jy-cn¬ P∑\m ssewKnI kpJw i‡-am-Im-

dp-≠v. AØ-c-°m-cmWv ssewKnI Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏- p-t]m-

Ip-∂-Xv. kpJhpw ]c-am-\-μhpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]c-am-\μw cmkm-

\p- -h-am-Ip-tºmƒ kpJhpw; kpJw F∂ cmkm\p- hw C√m-Xm-

Ip-tºmƒ ]c-am-\-μhpw D≠m-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Poh-∑p-‡\v t_m[-

Øns‚ ]c-am-\-μ-Øn¬ F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn ebn°-W-sa-¶n¬ tZlw

acn-°-Ww.

40. in:˛ hnIm-c-ß-fn-ep≈ Pohn-Xhpw \n wK Pohn-Xhpw XΩn

ep≈ hyXymkw F¥mWv? Ch-bn¬ GXmWv DØ-aw?

75amÃ¿:˛ PohnXw hnIm-c-am-bm¬ kt¥m-jhpw kam-[m-\hpw

kpJhpw kzX{¥-amb kº-∂-Xbpw D≠m-IpIb-n-√. kt¥mjw

kpJw F∂o hnIm-c-ßƒ \nan-j-ßƒ sIm≠v amdn-t∏m-Ip∂-Xmbpw

ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw Zo¿L-\mƒ \o≠p-\n¬°p-∂Xmbpw \ap°v

A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

At\Iw sshcp-[y-ßƒ \nd-™-XmWv hnIm-c-ßƒ. \iz-c-amb

hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠mWv Poh\pw {]]-©hpw \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv

F∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw F∂m¬ Ah \iz-c-

amWv F∂v tXm∂mØ hn[w adhn D≠m-°p-∂Xv hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

as‰mcp {]tXy-I-XbmWv. AXn-\m¬ \iz-c-Xsb t_m[]q¿Δw

Hm¿Ω \n¿Øn sshIm-cnI Pohn-XsØ Dt]-£n-°p-I-bmWv DØ-aw.

\n wK Pohn-X-Øns‚ AXyp-∂-X-amb kam-[m-\hpw kt¥m-

jhpw kpJhpw kº-∂-Xbpw A\p-`-hn-®Xp sIm≠mWv, AΩ

Im¬°¬ hoWv Ic-™n´pw caW al¿jn Xncn®p ho´n-te°v

t]mIm≥ Iq´m-°m-™-Xv. F√m-h-cp-sSbpw t_m[w, kpJhpw

kt¥m-jhpw kº-∂-Xbpw kam-[m-\hpw Xs∂-bmWv B{K-ln-

°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ {`a hnIm-c-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ sX‰mb A\p- -h-

ßƒ sIm≠v G‰hpw Db¿∂ kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw kº-∂-Xbpw

kam-[m-\hpw F¥m-sW∂pw Ah Fßns\ t\Sm-sa∂pw Nn¥n-

°m≥ km[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v Ign-bmsX t]mIp-∂p.

icocw ]q¿Æ Btcm-Ky-Øn¬ \n w-K-ambn A\p- -hn-°p∂

F√m arZp-kv]¿ihpw Akm-[m-cW kpJw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

B{K-l-ßfpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw C√mØ a\ v Db¿∂

kt¥mjw A\p- -hn-°p∂p.

I¿Ωw {]mc_v[-ß-fm-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw _‘-ß-fn¬ _‘\w

C√m F∂v Adn-bp∂ a\ pw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv F¥mtWm

AXmWv kam-[m-\w.

-D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX kz¥w kºm-ZysØ \ne-\n¿Øphm≥ Ign-

hp-≈-h-\mWv bYm¿∞ [\n-I≥. I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ßƒ sIm≠pw

_p≤n-bpsS kq{Xw sIm≠pw D≠m-°p∂ ]Ww Hcp-hs\ kº-∂-

\m-°p-I-b√ adn®v IqSp-X¬ kzm¿∞\m-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

]Ww D]m-[n-I-tfmsS sImSp-°p-Ibpw hmßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥

Zcn-{Z≥ BIp-Ibpw \n w-K-X-bn¬ D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX \¬Ip-Ibpw

kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h≥ [\n-I≥ BIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.


A≤ym-bw- -F´v

hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \n w-K-X-bn-te°v

41. in:- k¶¬∏w AYhm C—-bmWv {]]© krjvSn°v Imc-

W-sa∂v thZm-¥-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. t_m[-imkv{Xw AXn¬ \ns∂-

ßs\ hyXykvXamIp∂p?

amÃ¿:˛ t_m[w k¶¬∏w sIm≠v AYhm C— sIm≠v {]]-

©sØ krjvSn-°p∂p F∂pam-{X-a√ krjvS Poh-Pm-e-ß-fnepw

{]]© \ma-cq-]-ß-fnepw ssZhw AYhm t_m[w Awi-ambn \ne-

\n¬°p∂p F∂mWv thZm¥-ßƒ ]d-bp∂Xv. AXm-bXv XqWnepw

Xpcp-ºnepw ssZhw AZriy i‡n-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂¿∞w.

Aßn-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ F√m Ncm-N-c-ßƒ°pw Bflmhv Ds≠∂v

AwKo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw. a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse F√m Ncm-N-c-ßfpw ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘ Ft‚Xv-’F∂pw ]d-bp-sa-∂¿∞w. a\p-jy-s\m-gn®v

a‰p Ncm-N-c-ß-sfm∂pw ‘ Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘ Ft‚Xv -’ F∂pw ]d-bp-

∂-Xmtbm `mhn-°p-∂-Xmtbm \mw I≠n- n-√.

C√mØ hkvXp-°sf krjvSn®v \mw kz]v\w ImWp-∂-Xp-

t]mse \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠v {]]-©-sØbpw Poh-s\bpw

{`aw sIm≠v krjvSn®v AXn¬ a\p-jy-tZ-l-sa∂ \iz-c-amb hkvXp-

hn-eqsS (A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v) Xs‚ k¶¬∏

krjvSnsb A\p- -hn®v Ah bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-

I-bmWv, F∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kz]v\w C√mØ

A\p- -h-amWv F∂v \mw DW-cp-tºmƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xp t]mse,

Pm{KXv F∂ \izc temIhpw C√m-Ø-XmWv F∂v AXn¬ \n∂v

DW-cp-tºmƒ hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn \n¬°p∂ ssZh-Øn\p Xs∂

a\- n-em-Ipw.

aX-ßfpw thZm-¥-ßfpw `uXnI imkv{Xw t]mepw ssZh-

sØbpw {]]-©-sØbpw c≠v bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmbn ImWm-\mWv

CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Cu hyXykvX bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn¬ ssZhsØ hnIm-c-ßƒ

sIm≠v A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bmXm-°p-Ibpw tZl-sØbpw {]]-©-

77sØbpw hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmgmWv

{]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-Ibpw ssZhw

bmYm¿∞y-a-√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv.

Cu c≠v kXy-ßsfbpw Hcp-an-®v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hnIm-c-

ßƒ°v Ign-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ aX-ßfpw thZm-¥-ßfpw ]d-bp-∂

krjvSn-I¿Ωw kXy-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\p ]Icw hnIm-c-ßƒ

ssZhsØ ad®p ]nSn-°p-Ibpw (Bh-cWw) {]]-©-sØbpw Poh-

s\-bpw Pohn-X-sØbpw kXy-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ({]t£-

]Ww) sNbvXm¬, bYm¿∞-Øn-ep-≈-Xns\ ad®p ]nSn-°m\pw C√m-

ØXv Ds≠∂v tXm∂n-°m\pw hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Ign-hp-s≠∂v hcp-

∂p. AXn-\m¬ hnIm-c-ßsf C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ _m°n F¥mWv

D≈Xv F∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-sa-∂Xv imkv{Xob bp‡nbm-Wv.

ssZhhpw ssZh-kr-jvSn-bmb {]]-©hpw Poh\pw c≠v bmYm¿

∞y-ß-f-√. Ah-bn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p-

-hn-®m¬ at‰Xv bmYm¿∞y-a-√m-Xmbn amdpw. {]]-©hpw Poh\pw

bYm¿∞amsW∂v A\p- -hn-®m¬ ssZhw, k¶¬∏-w AYhm iq\y-

Xbmbn amdpw AYhm AZr-iyhpw A\p- -hhpw A√m-Xm-Ip-w. adn®v

{]]-©hpw Poh\pw {à-am-sW∂v AYhm \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -

hn-®m¬ Xm≥ kzbw ssZhsa∂v A\p- hn°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

t_m[Øn¬ AYhm ssZh-Øn¬ krjvSn Btcm-]n-X-am-sW-

¶n¬ AhnsS bYm¿∞ krjvSnI¿Ωw \S-°p-∂n√. At∏mƒ krjvSn-

°-s∏´ hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw krjvSm-hns‚ k¶¬∏w am{X-amsW

∂pw B krjvSmhv hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn \mw A\p- -hn-°p∂ t_m[w

Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw a\- n-em-Ipw. Cu bmYm¿∞ysØ A\p-`-

hn°p∂Xns\-bmWv {àm\p- hw AYhm AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂v

]d-bp∂-Xv. CXv A\p- -hn-°m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv t_m[-

im-kv{X-Øns‚ hmKvZm-\w.

krjvSmhv Xs∂ kzbw hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v {àn-°p-tºm-gmWv

Hcp t_m[-a-WvUew D≠m-Ip-∂Xpw B t_m[-a-WvU-e-Øn¬

krjvSn bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw. hnIm-c-ßƒ°v

km£n-bm-bm¬ A\p- hßƒ t]mIpw At∏mƒ AhnsS krjvSn-

bpw- -ÿn-Xn-bpw- -kw-lm-c-hp-an-√, D≈Xv krjvSmhv F∂ t_m[w

am{Xw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v78Cu krjvSn-bn¬ {]]© krjvSn cl-ky-ambn amdp-∂n-√. Dd-

ßp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ kz]v\m-\p- -h-ßƒ°v Hcp clkyw D≠v F∂v

Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bn-√t√m.

Ipd-®p-IqSn hy‡-ambn ]d-™m¬ krjvSn-°p∂p F∂v ]d-

bp-tºmƒ krjvSnI¿Ømhpw krjvSnbpw Zzμhpw bmYm¿∞y-hp-

ambn amdp-∂p. krjvSn Btcm-]n-°p-∂p F∂v ]dbptºmƒ

krjvSnI¿Ømhv bmYm¿∞yhpw krjvSn {àhp-ambn amdp-∂p. AXn-

\m¬ Cu krjvSn-bn¬ clkyw C√m-XmIp∂p. CXmWv thZm-¥-

ßfpw aX-ßfpw ]d-bp∂ krjvSn-bpsS hnizm-k-ßfpw t_m[-im-

kv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw.

42.in:- sshNn{Xyw (singularity)- F∂ \n wK-X-bn¬ \n∂v

s]mkn-‰o-hv- -s\-K-‰ohv Du¿÷-ßƒ th¿]n-cn-™p,-A-Xn¬ s]mkn-

‰ohv Du¿÷w L\o-`-hn-®p-≠m-b ]Zm¿∞ßƒ sIm≠mWv

{]]©hpw Poh\pw krjvSn-°-s∏--ń-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂mWv ùXnI

imkv{Xw sXfn-bn®ncn-°p∂Xv. CXpw t_m[-imkv{X krjvSn-

I¿Ωhpw XΩn¬ F¥mWv _‘w?

amÃ¿:˛ B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{Xw Is≠-Øn-bXpw t_m[-

imkv{Xw Is≠-Øn-bXpw XΩn¬ Imcy-amb hyXym-kap≠v. uXnI

imkv{X-Øn¬ \n∂v imkv{X⁄¿ t_m[sØ Hgn-hm-°n,-t_m-

[sØ Xncn-®-dn-hmbn _p≤n-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®-t∏m-gp-≠mb bp‡n-

bn¬ \n∂mWv CØcw Hcp Is≠-Ø¬ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXp sIm≠p

Xs∂ Ah¿°v F¥p-sIm≠v \n w-K-ambn \ne-\n∂ Du¿÷w

s]mkn-‰ohv˛s\-K-‰o-hmbn hnL-Sn-®Xv F∂v Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-

bn-√. am{X-a√ IzmWvUw _e-X-{¥-Ønse entanglement F∂ {]Xn-

`m-khpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°phm≥ Ffp-∏-a-√. km≤y-X-kn-≤m¥w D]-tbm-

Kn®v CXns\ Af-°phm≥ Ignbp-sa-∂-√msX AXns‚ aqe-Im-cWw

Is≠-ØpI km≤y-a-√.

A\p- -h-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n {]]-©-kr-jvSnsb hni-Zo-I-cn-

°p∂ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ krjvSn cl-ky-hp-a√ sshNn-{Xyhp-a-

√. {àn®p ImWp-Ibpw A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kz]v\-Øn-

tebpw Pm{K-Øn-tebpw krjvSn-bpsS A\p- -h-ßƒ {à-Øn¬ \n∂v

DW¿∂m¬ \jvS-s∏´p t]mIp-sa∂v B¿°pw kzbw sXfn-bn-°mw.

hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am-°n-bm¬ A\p- hw \jvS-s∏-Spw. At∏mƒ

\iz-cX A\p -h-amIpw. \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-Ip∂ Hcmƒ°v krjvSn

bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-I-bn-√. At∏mƒ At\z-j-W-Øns‚ Bh-iyhpw

79C√. F∂m¬ A\p- -hßsf bmYm¿∞y-amsW∂v IW-°m-°p∂

Pm{K-Øn¬ CXn\v DØcw -Is≠ØpI Ffp∏a-√. -ImcWw DØ-c-

Øn\v as‰mcp A\p- -ham-bn am{Xsa \ne\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-

≈p. AXmWv Bt]-£n-I-X-bpsS {]tXy-I-X.

ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-Ifpw ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-eqsS cq]w

sIm≠ a\p-jy- a-kvXn-jv°-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bmWv AYhm

extention BWv t_m[w F∂mWv hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. _p≤n-bpsS

h¿≤-\hv Hcp \nco-£-Is\ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv Fßns\? _p≤n°v

kzbw \nco-£n-°p-hm\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠∂v Poh-Pm-e-ßsf {i≤n-®m¬

a\- n-em-Ipw. F∂m¬ B \nco-£-WsØ H∂p-IqSn \nco-£n-°p∂

‘Rm≥’ Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw _p≤n-bpsS `mKw BIp-I-bn-√. Xm≥

F¥mWv sNøp-∂-sX∂v Xm≥ Xs∂ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv

km£nXzw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \nco-£-I≥ _p≤nb√ F∂v

AdnbWsa¶n¬ hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am°n \nco-£-I≥ Hcp

km£n-bmbn amd-Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xsa _p≤nbpw t_m[-hp-w c≠m-

sW∂v a\- n-em-Ip-I-bp-≈p. A√msX Hcp ]co-£-W-Øn\pw \nco-

£-W-Øn\pw Cu kXysØ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

43. in:˛ t_m[w (ssZhw) F¥n-\mWv {àn®v Pm{K-Øn-te°v

DW¿∂Xv? Aßns\ DW-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂ns√?

Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn-te°v DW¿∂Xv sIm≠s√ ZpxJhpw thZ-

\bpw A\p- -hn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ IqSp-X¬ DW¿Δmb Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Ipd™

DW¿Δmb kz]v\-Øn-te°v F¥n-\mWv Znh-khpw DW-cp-∂-sX∂v

Bcpw tNmZn-°m-dn-√t√m. ImcWw kz]v\w C√m-ØXv D≠m°n

ImWn°p∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bm-sW∂v DW-cp-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw

t_m≤y-am-Ipw. am{X-a√ Xm≥ kz]v\-Øn¬ I≠-sX√mw Pm{K-Ønse

hkvXp-°fpw Nn¥-Ifpw B{K-l-ßfpw Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw a-\- n-

em-Ipw. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Xpco-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Pm{K-Øn-

te°v DW-cp-∂-Xpw. adhn _m[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Xpco-b-Øn-te°v X\nsb

B¿°pw DW-cm≥ Ign-bpw. am{X-a√ t_m[w F¥n-\mWv {àn®v

Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW¿∂Xv F∂v \mw Btcm-SmWv tNmZn-°pI. F√m-

hcpw Hcp-t]mse {àn®v DW¿∂v \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ B

tNmZyw Hmtcm hy‡nbpw kzbw tNmZn-°-Ww.

AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- wK˛]-c-am-\μ kzcq-]-\mb Rm≥ F¥n-

\mWv Pm{KØnte°v {àn®v DW¿∂v ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw ss\an-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v80jnI kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw A\p- -hn-°p∂Xv ? AXns‚ DØ-cw

Is≠-Øp-∂-XmWv tam£-w F∂ ]Zw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

Aßns\ DW-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ B¿°pw Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw Ign-bpw.

thZ-\-sbbpw ZpxJ-tØbpw A -l-\o-b-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xncn®v Xpco-b-sa∂ tIhe

bmYm¿∞yØn-te°v DW-cWw F∂v i‡-ambn Hm¿Øm¬ B¿°pw

X\nsb DWcmw.-

F∂m¬ hy‡n-t_m-[w A\p- -h-ßsf bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v [cn-

®-tXmsS krjvSn bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v [cn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p.

krjvSn \iz-c-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ AXnse bmYm¿∞yX

\jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw. F∂m¬ \iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v tXm∂n-

∏n-°m≥ {à-hn-Im-c-ßƒ°v Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnIm-c-ßƒ

\n w-K-am-bm¬ am{Xsa \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-Ip-I-bp≈p F∂v ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ _m[n-°p∂n√ F∂ A\p-

`hw.

krjvSn \iz-c-sa-∂-dn-bp-∂-h≥ km[m-cW a\p-jy\pw krjvSn

\iz-c-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h≥ ssZhhpamWv. krjvSn bYm¿∞-

sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ GsXmcp hy‡n-t_m-[hpw DS≥ Xs∂

kzm¿∞-\mbn amdpw. AtXmsS {àn-®-h≥ AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn-¬

\n∂v hnIm-cm-\p- -h-Øn-te°v A[x-]-Xn-°pw. AXmbXv {àw sIm≠v

kz¥w kzcq]w (tam£w) \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øpsa-∂¿∞w.

\iz-c-Xsb \iz-cX F∂v A\p`h-s∏-SpØn tam£w t\Sp-

I-bmWv th≠-Xv. tam£m-\p- -h-Øn¬ FØn-bm¬ tam£w \jvS-

s∏-´p-sh∂pw t\Sn-sb∂pw tXm∂p-I-bn-√. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW¿∂-h≥ Pm{KXv t\Sn-sb∂v ]d-bp-I-bn-√s√m.

F∂n-cp-∂mepw F¥n-\mWv {à-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ B{K-ln-®-

Xv F∂ tNmZyw ho≠pw \ne-\n¬°pw. {à-Øn-¬ \n∂v Ft∏mƒ

thWsa-¶nepw ]pdØp IS∂v Xpco-b-sa-∂ -t_m-[-Øn¬ FØm≥

Ign-bp-sa-∂p-≈Xp sIm≠mWv {àn-°m≥ B{Kn-®-Xv.

F∂m¬ {àm-\p- -h-ßƒ \iz-c-am-sW∂v Adn-™n´pw B \iz-

c-Xsb kº-Ømbpw ssewKnI kpJ-ambpw {]i-kvXnbmbpw thW-

sa∂v B{Kn-®m¬ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fßns\ ]pdØp IS-°pw?

CXmWv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw {]iv\w. At∏mƒ Xpco-b-Øn-te°v AYhm

tIhe bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v Xncn®p t]mI-W-sa-¶n¬ Xncn®p

81t]mIm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ hy‡n-t_m[w kºØpw ssewKnI

kpJhpw {]i-kvXnbpw AwKo-Im-chpw F√mw \iz-c-am-sW∂v kz¥w

a\- ns\ I¿Ω- -[¿Ω-ßfpw Nn¥-Ifpw sIm≠v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ø-

Ww. Aßns\ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Bflm¿∞X imkv{Xo-b-

ambn hnI-kn-∏n-°m-\p≈ am¿§-ß-fmWv ‘ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn\v Hcp

]mT ]pkvXIw’ F∂ IrXn-bn-¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn-te°v DW¿∂Xp sIm≠√ ZpxJhpw

thZ-\bpw D≠m-b-Xv. \izcamb {à hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw X\n°p

thW-sa∂pw ths≠∂pw Xocp-am\n°p∂Xv sIm≠mWv {àm-\p-

-h-ßƒ ZpxJ-ambn amdn-b-Xv.

\iz-c-amb kz¥w tZl-]-Zm¿∞sØ ]q¿Æ Btcm-Ky-Øn-¬

\ne-\n¿Øm\pw kv]¿iw sIm≠v kpJn-∏n-°p-hm\pw Hcp ]cn-[n-

hsc Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw ico-csØ ]e-hn[ Bcm-[-\- -km-[-\- -hm-

k-\mtZmjßƒ sIm≠v ]oVn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv F√m-hcpw sNøp∂-Xv.

kv]¿i kpJw F∂ ssewKnI kpJsØ {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-

Øns‚ D]m[nbn-te°v XmgvØp-Ibpw arKo-b-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-K-Xsb hn -Pn®v D≠m-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw henb

kpJ-amWv kv]¿i kpJw. Cu kpJsØ tZlw \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-

tØmfw Imew XpS¿®-bmbn A\p- -hn-°m≥ t_m[w sIm≠v Ign-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw a\p-jy¿ kzm¿∞X sIm≠v AXns\ arKob kpJ-

Øn-te°v XmgvØn \cI bmX\ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p.

kv]¿i kpJw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -h-am-Wv

I-Tn-\-amb ZpxJhpw imco-cnI ]oV-\-ßfpw Nne tcmK-ß-fpw. kpJ-

Øns‚ \ntj-[-amWv ZpxJw. kpJhpw ZpxJhpw {à-ß-fm-Wv, c≠pw

C√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv, \iz-chp-amWv. F∂m¬ A¬∏w kpJw {àm-\p- -

h-ambn hcp-tºmƒ aXn-a-d∂v Al-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw thZ\ hcp-tºmƒ

\ncm-i-bn¬ Xfcp∂Xpw \iz-cXm\p -hsØ Ah-K-Wn-°epw \ntj-

[n-°-ep-am-Wv.

t_m[w hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn tZlw kzoI-cn®v {àn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw

Imew kpJhpw thZ-\bpw kt¥m-jhpw ZpxJhpw A\p-`-hn®p

sIm≠n-cn-°-Ww. GXv tZl-Øn-em-bmepw _p≤n°v kpJ-tØ-°mfpw

kt¥m-j-tØ-°mfpw IqSp-X¬ thZ-\sbbpw ZpxJ-tØbpw krjvSn-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v82°p-hm-\mWv Xm¬∏-cyw F∂v Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v \ap°v

a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv e`n-°p∂ GXv tZlØnepw

t_m[w Xmgv∂v \n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬, Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ kzm`m-

hn-I-X-bmb thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw A\p- -hn-°m≥ \mw _m[y-ÿ-cmbn

amdp-∂p. CXn¬ \n∂v ZpxJhpw thZ\bpw A\p- -hn-t°-≠-Xmbn

hcp-∂-X√ adn®v Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-Xsb \ap°v

\n¿_-‘-ambpw kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXns‚ ]cn-

lmcw Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cm-Xn-cn-°pI F∂Xv am{X-am-Wv.

44. in:˛ {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂v Xpcobw

F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-mhÿ-bmb -tam-£-Øn¬ Fßn-s\-bmWv

FØm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ \iz-c-Xsb A\p-`-h-am-°m≥ {ian-®m¬ {à-Øn¬

\n∂pw; hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-Km-am-°n-bm¬ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw DW-cmw. Ch-bn¬ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-

bm-bm¬ am{Xsa \iz-cX F∂ Adnhv \iz-cX F∂ A\p- -h-

ambn amdm-\p≈ km≤yX sXfn-bp-I-bp-≈p.- \-iz-cX A\p- -h-am-

Ip-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv tam£w AYhm AssZzX A\p- hw AYhm

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te-°p≈ DW¿hv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

24 aWn-°qdpw Hcp-t]mse \ne-\n¬°p∂ ]c-am-\-μ-amWv Cu

DW¿Δns‚ G‰hpw henb sXfn-hv.

45. in:˛ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv {à-hn-Im-cØn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥

km£nXzw sIm≠v -Ign-bm-ØXv ?

amÃ¿:˛{à-hn-Im-cm-\p-`hw AYhm {]]-©hpw Poh\pw

\ne\n¬°p∂p F∂ A\p- hw G‰hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSn-bXpw

D≈-Xp-amb A\p- -h-am-Wv. {i≤bpw Xncn-®-dnhpw Hm¿Ωbpw D]-

tbm-Kn®v t_m[sØ Db¿Øn-bm¬ am{Xsa {à hnIm-cm-\p- -hsØ

C√m-Xm°n {àm-\p- -h-sa∂ AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn-se-Øm≥ Ign-bp-

I-bp-≈p, AYhm P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-

bp-≈p.

F∂m¬ hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-a-˛-hn-Im-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ C√m-ØXv D≠v

F∂ tXm∂-ep-I-fm-Wv. F¶nepw Ah hfsc i‡-am-b-Xn-\m¬

C√mØ A\p- -h-ß-fm-sW∂v B¿°pw tXm∂p-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-

83≠mWv hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-a-˛-hn-Im-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ i‡-am-Ip-tºmƒ

a\p-jy¿°v {`m¥v ]nSn-°p-∂Xpw Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂-Xpw. Cu hnIm-

c-ßsf kq£va-X-tbmsS {i≤n-®m¬ am{Xsa Ah C√m-Ø-h-sb∂v

a\- n-em-Ip-Ibpw A\p-`-hs∏SpIbpw sNøp-I-bp-≈p. CØcw

kq£va-amb {i≤sb AYhm \nco-£-W-sØ-bmWv km£nXzw

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

{àw C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂ tXm∂-e-√. D≈Xv D≠mbn \ne-

\n∂p ad-bp∂p F∂ A\p- -h-am-Wv. AXm-bXv \iz-c-Xm-\p- -hw.

t_m[-Øns‚ {]t£-]-W-sa∂ c≠m-asØ {]tXy-IX sIm≠v \iz-

c-Xsb ad∂p t]mIm\pw Ah-K-Wn-°m\pw CS-bm-Ip-∂p. \iz-c-

amb hkvXp-°sf IqSp-X-¬ Adn-bp-hm\pw Ah kz¥-am-°-W-sa∂v

kZm-k-a-bhpw a\p-jy¿ Nn¥n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \iz-cX A\p- -

h-ambn amd-W-sa-¶n¬ kq£va-amb \nco-£Ww am{X-a√ \iz-c-Xsb

ad-°msX F∂pw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \ne-\n¿Øm\pw ]cn-io-en-°-Ww.

F∂m¬ CØcw Hcp Hm¿Ω hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a- -hn-Im-c-ßƒ°v km£n-

bm-Im≥ Bh-iy-an-√. a\- ns‚ tXm∂-ep-Isf C√m-Xm-°m≥ kq£va

\nco-£-Whpw; \iz-c-Xsb \iz-cX F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ i‡-

amb Hm¿Ωbpw hnI-kn-∏n-°-Ww. Ch-bn-ep≈ hnP-b-amWv tam£w.

46. in:˛ F¥n-\mWv {à˛hn{à˛aXn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

]pdØp IS-°-W-sa∂v AYhm P\-\-˛-a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

tamN\w t\S-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Ah-t_m-[-ap≈ a\p-jy\p am{Xsa {à˛hn{à˛aXn-{ -

am-\p- -h-ßsf ‘Rm≥’ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-

bp-I-bp-≈p. Cu aq∂v A\p- -h-ß-sfbpw Iqń-t®¿Øv s]mXp-hmbn

]d-bp∂ t]cmWv {àw. {à-Øn¬ imco-cnI am\-knI thZ-\-Iƒ

hfsc IqSp-Xepw, kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw ss\an-jn-I-ambpw A\p-

-hn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠mWv {à-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp IS-°-W-sa∂v

t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. am{X-a√ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp

IS-∂n-s√-¶n¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ tZlw acn-®mepw {àw C√m-Xm-Ip-I-

bn-√. ImcWw t_m[-Øn-emWv {àw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. A√msX

tZl-Øn-e-√.

tZlw {àsØ A\p- -h-am-°p∂ D]-I-cWw am{X-am-Wv. AXn-

\m¬ ho≠pw tZlw FSp-°p-∂p-sh∂v {àn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v84F∂m¬ ho≠pw ]pXnb tZl-Øn¬ {àn-°p∂p F∂v Xmgv∂

t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Aßns\ sXfn-

bn-®Xp sIm≠v Imcy-hp-an-√. Htc-Hcp t_m[w ]e tZl-ß-fn¬ ]e

hy‡n-t_m-[amsW∂v [cn®v F∂pw {à-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂v thZ-

\bpw ZpxJhpw XpS¿®-bmbn A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv F{Xbpw thKw tam£m-\p- -h-Øn¬ FØWw F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xv.

PohnXw {à-am-sW∂v AYhm \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sm-

Ø-hsc kw_-‘n®v {]iv\-an-√. Htc-Hcp P∑-sa-bp≈p F∂v Ah¿

Hmtcm P∑-Ønepw hniz-kn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. P\-\hpw ac-Whpw

bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂pw AXv X∂n¬ \n∂v A\y-amb i‡n-bn¬

(ssZhw, {_“w) D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂pw B i‡n°v FXnsc

\n¬°p∂ as‰mcp i‡n-bmWv (]nim-Nv,-I¿Ωêw) thZ-\bpw

ZpxJhpw \¬Ip-∂Xv Fs∂ms°bmWv Ah¿ I-cpXns°m-≠n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

\iz-c-amb tZl-Øn¬ Hcp {]tXyI sFU‚n-‰n-bp≈ A\-iz-

c-amb Hcp B-flmhv \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂pw tZlw acn-®mepw

Bflmhv acn-°msX \nXy-amb im¥n-°p-th≠n Ae™p Xncn-bp-

sa∂pw A¥y-\m-fn¬ ssZhw h∂v Iqń-s°m-≠p -t]m-Ip-sa-∂p-amWv

Ah-cpsS hnizm-kw. Cu hnizmkØn¬ \n∂mWv acn-®-h¿°p-th-

≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞-\bpw t{]X-˛-`q-Xm-Xn-Ifpw Bflmhpw cq]w

sIm≠-Xv. imkv{Xo-b-amb Hcp A-Sn-ÿm-\hpw C√m-Ø-h-bmWv Cu

hnizmkßƒ F¶nepw aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ß-fp≈ a\p-jy¿ Chsb kXy-

ambn A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv am\-knI tcmKm-ip-

]-{Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fp-sSbpw h¿≤-\hv kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xv.

kz¥w A\p- -h-ß-fpsS kXy-ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-

iy-amb Hcp imkv{Xw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmse {à- -hn-{à˛aXn-{à hnIm-

c-ßƒ F¥m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ `mhn Xe-ap-dbvs°¶nepw Ign-

bp-I-bp-≈p.

A≤ymbw˛ HºXv

tZl-an-√msX Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂ t_m[m-hÿ

47. in:˛ \ne\n¬°p∂ tZlw acn-®mepw imco-cnI am\-knI

thZ-\-Iƒ ]e tZl-ß-fn-embn XpS¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-°pw, AXn-\m¬

GXv am¿§w D]-tbm-Kn®pw tZlw kzoI-cn-°mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \ne-

\n¬°-Ww. Aßns\ tZlw C√msX ‘Rm≥ \ne\n¬°p∂p’ F∂ Ah-

ÿ-sb-bmWv t_m[-imkv{Xw tam£w F∂v \n¿Δ-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

I¿Ω _‘w sIm≠v ho≠pw P\n-°p-sa∂v thZ-m-¥-ßƒ

]dbp∂-Xp-ambn CXn\p kmay-apt≠m? CXv sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bm-

Ø-Xn-\m¬ ska-‰nIv aX-°mcpw lnμp-°fn¬ _p≤n-bp≈ \s√mcp

hn`m-Khpw ]p\¿P-∑-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. imkv{Xo-b-amb bp‡n-

sIm≠pw sXfnhp-Iƒ sIm≠pw t_m[-imkv{Xw CsX-ßns\ sXfn-

bn°pw ?

amÃ¿:˛ \ne-\n¬°p∂ tZlw acn-®mepw am\-knI imco-cnI

thZ-\-Iƒ ]pXnb tZl-ß-fn¬ XpS-cp-sa-∂Xv Hcp hnizm-ktam

]p\¿P∑ kn≤m-¥tam A√. GsXmcp km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw bp‡n

sIm≠pw sXfn-hp-Iƒ sIm≠pw A\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠pw kzbw a\-

n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp kXy-am-Wv.

I¿Ω _‘w t_m[-Øns‚ tXm∂-em-sW∂v ap≥ A≤ym-b-

ß-fn¬ sXfn-bn-®n- p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ thZm-¥-ßƒ ]d-bp∂ ]p\¿P∑-

hp-ambn CXn\v bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. P\n-XI an{iWw sIm≠v

]e-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ _p≤n, t_m[sØ Xncn-®-dnhpw, {i≤bpw, Hm¿Ω-

bp-ambn kzoIcn-°p-tºmƒ Htc-Hcp t_m[w ]e hy‡n t_m[-ß-

fmbn(Bflm-°ƒ) A\p`h-s∏SpI am{XamWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

Bflmhv ]e-Xm-sW∂pw ssZhw ]pdsa \n¬°p∂ krjvSn-

I¿Øm-hm-sW∂pw ska-‰nIv aX-°m¿ [cn-®Xp sIm≠mWv A¥y-

\m-fn¬ ssZhw hn[n I¿Ømhmbn h∂v \∑- -Xn-∑-I-fp-sSbpw ]m]-

-]p-Wy-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kz¿§hpw \cIhpw \¬Ip-

sa∂v hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂-Xv.-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v86t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ ssZhw hnizmka√. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂

-km[\-Iƒ°pw Bcm-[-\-Iƒ°pw ]m]- -]p-Wy-ßƒ°pw {]-k‡nbn-

√. bp‡nbpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw sIm≠v kzbw ssZh-

am-sW∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv t_m[-im-kv{X-Øns‚ e£yw.

ssZh-sØtbm kXy-sØtbm At\z-jn-°m≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-

b-X√ t_m[-im-kv{Xw. adn®v thZ-\-bpsS t{kmX v At\z-jn-°p-

hm-\mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

imco-cnI thZ\, am\-knI ZpxJw F∂o c≠v A\p- -h-ß-fpsS

t{kmX v \nco-£n-®-t∏m-gmWv Ah Hcp tZl-Øns‚ acWw

sIm≠v C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bn√ F∂pw ]pXnb tZl-ß-fn¬ Ah ho≠pw

XpS-cp-sa∂pw sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hy‡n-

t_m-[-Øns‚ Poh-\n¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w tam£w BsW∂v \n¿Δ-

Nn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂-Xv.

‘Rm≥’ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂v Fs∂-

Øs∂ t_m≤y-s∏-SpØp∂ am≤y-a-amWv tZlhpw AXnse \mVo-

tImi kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpw. t_m[wsI´p hogp∂ Bƒ°v thZ-\bpw

ZpxJhpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sm-ØXv tZlhpw t_m[hpw c≠mWv F∂-

Xns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. am{X-a√ t_m[w Poh-\√ F∂pw CXv hy‡am-

°p∂p. t_m[w Poh≥ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ t_m[w sI´p hogp∂

\nanjw Poh\pw \jvS-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Poh≥ amwk-Øns‚ ]e

KpW-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. AXv kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-am-Wv.

Pm{KXv kz]v\w kpjp]vXn Cu aq∂v t_m[-X-e-ßsf a\p-

jys‚ _p≤n°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≈p. H∂m-asØ (\mem-asØ) t_m[m-

h-ÿ-bmb Xpcobw F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[w F¥m-sW∂v \ap°v

Adn-bn-√. F¥p sIm≠mWv Xpcobw F∂ G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[m-

hÿ \ap°v A\p- -h-s∏-Sm-ØXv F∂v At\z-jn-®-t∏m-gmWv thZ-

\bpsSbpw ZpxJØns‚bpw kpJØns‚bpw kt¥m-jØns‚bpw

A\p- -h-ßƒ P\\w apX¬ ac-Ww-hsc \mw kXyw F∂v hnNm-

cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv AXn\v ImcWw F∂v Is≠-Øn-b-Xv.

Pm{K-Ønepw kz]v\-Ønepw am{Xsa kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw

thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw A\p- -h-ß-fmbn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≈p. Xpco-b-

Ønepw \n{Z-bnepw CØcw A\p- -h-ßƒ C√ F∂v B¿°pw Adn-

bmw. \n{Z G‰hpw Xmgv∂ t_m[m-hÿ BbXp sIm≠mWv

AhnsS A\p- -h-ßƒ C√m-Ø-Xv. Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ A\p- -h-

ßƒ G‰hpw i‡-am-Ip-sa-∂mWv Pm{K-Øn-tebpw kz]v\-Øn-

tebpw A\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v \ap°v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-™-Xv.

87Nne A\p- -h-ßsf A\p- -hn-°m≥ tZlw Bh-iy-an√ F∂

kXyw \mw BZyw a\- n-em-°-Ww. kz]v\w A\p-`-hn-°p-tºmƒ

\ap°v tZlØnse ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfpw akvXn-jv°hpw Bh-iy-

an√ F∂Xv CXns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv.

Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn\v Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønse kw`-h-ß-sf-

Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-¶nepw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn\v Db¿∂ t_m[-

Ønse kw -h-ßƒ Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Pm{K-Xv,

kz]v\ kw`-h-ßsf Hm¿°p-∂Xpw kz]v\-Øn¬, Pm{K-Øns\

Hm¿Ωn-°m-Ø-Xpw. AXp-t]mse Xs∂bmWv Pm{K-Øn\v Xpco-bm-

h-ÿsb Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ Xpco-b-Øn¬ FØnb

_p≤\v Pm{KXv tZl-Øns‚ ac-Ww-hsc Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

Pm{K-Ønse Hcp Bimcn, Hcp Znhkw Xm≥ cmPm-hm-sW∂pw

c≠mw Znhkw sX≠n-bm-sW∂pw aq∂mw Znhkw tcmKn-bm-sW∂pw

kz]v\w -Im-Wp∂p F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-I. Hmtcm Znh-khpw kz]v\-

Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cp-tºmƒ Abmƒ Bimcn Xs∂-sb∂v a\- n-em-

°pw. kz]v\w Xmgv∂ t_m[m-\p- -h-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Pm{K-Ønse Bim-

cn°v Cu aq∂v kz]v\P∑-ßfpw Hm¿°m≥ Ignbpw ImcWw

Hm¿Ωsb ]Zm¿∞-h-Xv°-cn-°m≥ akvXn-jv°-Øn\v Ign-hp-≠v.

]Zm¿∞-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏´ Hm¿Ωsb hmbn-°m≥ (read) am{Xsa

t_m[-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. A√msX Hm¿Ωsb kq£n-®p-h-

bv°m≥ t_m[-Øn\v km≤y-a-√. Cu Ign-hmWv Pm{KØn\v XpS¿®-

bps≠∂pw ssZ¿Lyw Ds≠∂pw tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. akvXnjv°w

Hcp saΩdn Im¿Umbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠mWv t_m[-Øn\v

ssZzXm-\p- hw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp∂ _p≤\v c≠v

F∂ Ahÿ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. ImcWw H∂v ‘Rm≥’ F∂

t_m[hpw c≠m-a-tØXv \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠v \n¿Ωn-°-

s∏- -h-bp-am-Wv. AØcw hkvXp-°ƒ°pw Poh\pw _p≤-\n¬ A\p-

`hw krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬ Pm{K-Ønse A\p-

-h-ßsf tiJ-cn®p hbv°m≥ _p≤≥ Iq´m-°p-I-bn-√. as‰mcp coXn-

bn¬ ]d-™m¬ read sNøm≥ Iºyq- ¿ D≠v F∂m¬ saΩdn

Im¿Un-√. akvXnjv°w D]-I-c-W-amWv A√msX t_m[-a√ F∂v

t\csØ sXfn-bn-®n- p-≠v.

tZl-an-√msX Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ t_m[m-hÿ

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v88Xpco-b-Øn¬ \n¬°p∂ _p≤\v Ign-™p-t]mb P∑-ßƒ

F¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hm¿°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√ ImcWw Xpco-bw

Hm¿Ωsb kq£n-®p-hbv-°p∂ ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ C√mØ t_m[-X-e-

am-Wv. F∂m¬ Xm≥ Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cp-∂Xv Xs‚ Xs∂

k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠m-sW∂v hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-Ipw. Pm{K-Ønse

Bimcn kz]v\-ß-fnse kw -h-ßƒ°v Imc-Ww- Pm{KØnse ImgvN-

Ifpw k¶¬∏-ßfpw BsW∂p a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse. AXn-

\m¬ k¶¬∏-ßƒ \ne-\n-∂m¬ ho≠pw Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-tc-

≠n-h-cp-sa∂v (ho≠pw P\n-t°≠n hcp-sa∂v) _p≤≥ hy‡-ambn

Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. k¶¬∏n®p {àn-°p-Ibpw {à-ßƒ kw -h-ß-fmbn

A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv t_m[-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-

Wv. AXns\ krjvSn F∂v hnfn-°pI km≤y-a-√. A\p-`-h-ßƒ

bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂v hnNm-cn-°p-Ibpw A{i-≤-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-

Ibpw adhn kw -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv Db¿∂ t_m[-amb

Xpcobw A\p-`-h-am-ImsX t]mIp-∂-Xv. {i≤bpw kq£va-Xbpw

Hm¿Ωbpw sIm≠v B¿°pw Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw Xpco-b-Øn-

te°v DW-cmw. AXn\v hnZym- ym-k-Øn-s‚tbm Bflob km[-\-bp-

sStbm Bh-iy-an-√.

-k¶¬∏ cln-X-ambn \n∂m¬ \ap°v F∂pw tam£-Øn¬

\ne-\n¬°mw. Bimcn cmPm-hm-I-W-sa∂pw sX≠n BtI≠

F∂pw k¶¬∏n-®Xp sIm≠mWv kz]v\-Øn¬ Ah A\p- -h-ß-

fmbn h∂-Xv. Cu c≠v B{K-l-ßfpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Bimcn

kz]v\w ImWp-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Bimcnbmb

Xm≥ ip≤ t_m[-amWv Bimcn A√ F∂v I¿Ω-[¿Ω-ßƒ sIm≠v

a\- mb (B{K-l-ß-fpsS Iq´w) t_m[sØ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v tZlw \ne-\n¬s° Xs∂ DW-cmw.

t_m[-Øn¬ k¶¬∏-ßƒ (B{Kl-ßƒ) h∂m¬ {àw sIm≠v

Ah kw`h-ß-fmbn amdp∂p F∂v tXm∂pw. Cu kw -h-ß-fmWv

Pm{KXv Bbpw kz]v\-ambpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F¥p sIm≠v ?

F∂ tNmZyw tNmZn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ {]Xn- m-k-ß-sf-bm-Wv ùXnI

imkv{Xw kw -h-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp sIm≠mWv Hcp

kz]v\-Øn¬ cmPm-hm-bXpw as‰mcp kz]v\-Øn¬ bmN-I-\mbXpw;

Hcp Pm{K-Øn¬ Bimcn BIp-∂Xpw as‰mcp Pm{K-Øn¬ aqimcn

BIp-∂Xpw F¥p sIms≠∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv.

89k¶¬∏-ßsf A\p- -hn-°m≥ am{Xsa t_m[-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

C√m-Ø hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠pw \in®p t]mIp∂ hkvXp-°ƒ sIm-

≠p-amWv t_m[w A\p-`-h-ßsf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. k¶¬∏-ßƒ

C√msX A\p- -hßsf krjvSn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. Ah-bn¬ am\-

knI imco-cI thZ-\-Iƒ hcp-∂-XmWv tam£-Øn-te°v DW-cp-∂-

Xns\ {]k-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.

48:˛ in:- P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂-h\v {à-hn-Imcw

D≠mIm-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p sIm≠mWv ? {àm-\p- hhpw {à

hnIm-cm\p`hhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-sa-¥mWv ?

amÃ¿ :- tZlw AXns‚ ]cn-Wmaw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n acn°p∂

ka-bw-hsc \ne-\n¬∏n\m-h-iy-amb Blmcw, Pew, hmbp Ch

B{K-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. G‰hpw Ipd™ B{K-l-Øn¬

t]mepw hnIm-c-ßƒ°v A\p- hw D≠m-Ipw. \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Cu

A{K-l-ßƒ B{K-l-ß-fm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™p sIm≠n-cp-∂m¬

P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp IS∂p F∂ A\p- hw acWw

hsc A\p- -h-s∏´p sIm≠n-cn-°pw As√-¶n¬ {à˛hn{ -a -a-Xn-{à

hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fn-te°v t_m[w kmh-[m\w Xmgv∂p-t]m-IpIbpw,

DW¿∂p F∂ A\p- hw ad∂p t]mIp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]e coXn-

bn¬ AssZz-Xm-\p-`hw e`n® anÃn-°p-Iƒ t]mepw ap‡n-bn-se-

ØmsX ]cm-P-b-s∏- -Xn\p ImcWw Cu A\p- -h-Øns‚ imkv{Xo-

bX a\- n-em-Im-Xn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv.

hnIm-c-ßƒ {]Ir-Xymtem km[-\-Iƒ sImt≠m A¬∏ kabw

\n w-K-am-Im-dp-≠v, F∂m¬ B \n w-KX ÿmbn BIm-dn-√. \n w-

KX Fßns\ Ft∏mƒ F¥p sIm≠v kw-`-hn-°p∂p F∂v

Is≠ØpI km≤y-a-√. hnIm-c-ßƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ X\nsb

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse Ahbv°v Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ X\nsb C√m-

Xm-Im\pw Ignbpw. hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am°pIbpw \iz-c-Xsb

ad-°msX \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøptºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -hsØ-

bmWv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu A\p- hw Akm-

[m-c-W-amb Hcp ]c-am-\μ kpJ-am-Wv F∂v a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ AXv

ho≠pw e`n-°-W-sa∂v B{Kln°pw. am{X-a√ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ AXo-

{μnb A\p- -h-ßfpw D≠m-Im-dp≠v. Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-

am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-tºm-gmWv P\\˛ a-c-W {à-ßƒ kXy-am-

sW∂ A\p- -h-ambn amdp-∂-Xv.-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v90Cu A\p- hw ]n∂oSv hn{à˛aXn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -hß--fn-te°v

Xmgp-∂p. F√m anÃn-°p-Iƒ°pw Chn-sS-bmWv hgn sX‰p-∂-Xv. AXo-

{μn-bm-\p- -h-ßƒ shdpw {à-ß-fm-sW∂v a\- n-em°n sIm≠n-cp-

∂m¬ P\-\- -a-c-W -{ -a-ßƒ C√mØ-hsb∂v tZl-hn-tbmKw hsc

A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. AssZz-Xm-\p- hw ÿmbnbmbn A\p-

-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\ {àm-\p- hw F∂pw ss\an-jn-I-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xns\ {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- hw F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.

49. in:- Adn-hp-Iƒ ad-∂mepw A\p- -h-ßƒ ad-°m-dn-√. \o¥¬

F∂ A\p- hw AØ-c-Øn¬ ad-°m≥ Ign-bmØ H∂m-Wv. P\-\-

-a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hcn-°¬ DW¿∂-h≥ B DW¿®-bpsS A\p-

`hw Fßn-s\-bmWv ad∂p t]mIp-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ a\ v kzmb-Ø-am-°p∂ A\p- -h-ß-fmWv ad-°msX

\ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv \o¥¬ Hcp {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-am-Wv.

AXv Hcn-°¬ e`n®p Ign-™m¬ a\- n-\v AXv ]n∂oSv Hcn-°epw

ad-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. \o¥¬ Adn-bm-Xn-cp-∂-t∏m-gp-≠mb `bw C√m-

Xm-Ip-tºm-gmWv \o¥¬ A\p- -h-am-Ip-∂-Xv. hn{à A\p- -h-amb

{]Xn-Im-chpw aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-amb AXo-{μnb A\p- -h-ßfpw ad∂p

t]mbm¬ t]mepw {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- hamb \o¥¬ ad∂p t]mIp-I-

bn-√. ImcWw A\p- -h-ßsf cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ sIm≠v tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øn-h-bv°m≥ akvXn-jv°-Øn\v Ign-bpw.

F∂m¬ P\-\-˛-a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-W-cp∂ A\p-`hw

AYhm tam£m-\p- hw AYhm A\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw C√ F∂ A-

\p- hw a\- ns‚ Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-ap≈ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-a-√. hnIm-cm-

\p- hw am{Xsa t_m[-Øn\v ‘hmbn-°p-hm≥’ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

a\- ns‚ F√m -hn-Im-c-ßƒ°pw km£n-bm-Ip-tºmƒ; hnIm-

cm-\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw C√m-sb∂v a\ v A\p- -hn-°p-tºmƒ; a\ v

Xs∂ C√m-Xmbn t]mIp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ F¥mtWm

_m°n-bm-Ip∂ A\p- hw AXmWv tam£m-\p- -hw. CXv Hc-\p- -h-

am-sW∂v ]d-bpI km≤y-a-√. {àw hnIm-c-ambns√-¶n¬ A\p- -h-ßƒ

D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. B Ah-ÿsb Hcp t]cpsIm≠v kqNn-∏n-°p-hm\pw

\nhr-Øn-bn-√. tZlw \ne-\n¬s° a\ n\v Hcn-°epw ÿmbn-bmbn

kzbw \jvS-s∏-Sm≥ Ffp∏-a-√. GXp \nan-jhpw AXn\v Xncn-®p-h-cm-

\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ Ft∏mƒ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂pthm

B \nanjw tam£m-\p- hw \jvS-s∏´p t]mIpw.

91tZlw Btcm-Ky-tØmsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-tØmfw kl-Pm-h-

t_m-[hpw Ah-t_m-[hpw C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√. Ch -c≠pw t_m[-

Øns‚ c≠v {`a-ß-fm-Wv. Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-

Øns‚ \iz-c-Xsb A\p- -hn®m¬ c≠v {`a-ßfpw H∂mbn tN¿∂v

km£m¬ alm-t_m-[-ambn amdpw. a\- n\v imiz-X-ambn \in-°m≥

tZlw \ne-\n¬s° km≤y-a-√. _p≤n-bp≈ Hcp hn`mKw anÃn-°p-

Iƒ hnIm-c-ßƒ DW-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ F√m euIoI kml-N-cy-ßfpw

Dt]-£n®v _p≤-s\-t∏mse Ah-[q-X-\mbn amdp-∂p. a‰p Nne¿

P\I alm-cm-Pm-hn-s\-t∏mse PohnX hnIm-c-ßƒ DW-cp∂ kml-

N-cy-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v PohnXw A`n-\-bn®p Xo¿°p-∂p. hnUvVn-

I-fmb anÃn-°p-Iƒ AYhm BƒssZ-h-ßƒ Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-ep-≠m-

Ip∂ AXo-{μnbm-\p- -h-ßƒ ssZho-Im-\p- -h-ß-fm-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-

cn°pIbpw a‰p-≈-hsc NqjvWw sNbvXv ]Whpw {]i-kvXnbpw

hmcn Iq´p-∂p.

50. in :- Xmgv∂ t_m[-Ønepw Db¿∂ t_m[-Ønepw _p≤n-

bpsS ]s¶-¥mWv ? Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ _p≤n IqSp-tam As√-

¶n¬ Ipd-bptam?

amÃ¿:- Cu Zriy-{]-]-©-Øn-ep≈ F√m Ncm-N-c-ßfpw \ne-

\n¬°p-∂Xv _p≤n sIm≠m-Wv. \ne-\n¬°phm-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-

amWv _p≤n.

a\p-jys\m-gn-®p≈ F√m Ncm-N-c-ß-fp-sSbpw _p≤n I¬∏n-X-

amWv As√-¶n¬ AS-™-XmWv. F¥m-bn- mWv Hcp hkvXp As√-

¶n¬ Poh≥ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂pthm Aßn-s\-bmbn am{Xsa AXn\v F∂pw D≠mIm\pw

\ne\n¬°m\pw C√m-Xm-Im\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-

sØ-bmWv _p≤n F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

a\p-jys‚ _p≤n-°p-am{Xw t_m[sØ Ah-t_m[w F∂ Xncn-

®-dn-hmbn kzoI-cn®v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw kzbw \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂ D◊ A\p-`-hn-°m\pw Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. AXn-\m¬ _p≤n-

sbbpw Ah-t_m-[-sØbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn I¬∏n-X-XzsØ

Agn®v AXns‚ t{]m{Km-an¬ am‰w hcpØn Poh-\n¬ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p F∂ D◊-bn¬ \n∂pw AYhm Pohs‚ XS-h-d-bn¬

\n∂pw F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ignbpw. CXmWv a\p-jys\

a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-°p-∂-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v92a‰p coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amb t_m[w

AYhm ssZhw k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v Ah-t_m-[-ambpw kl-Pm-

h-t_m-[-ambpw hnL-Sn®v {àn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ klPmh-t_m-

[-sØ _p≤nbmbpw Aht_m[sØ ‘Rm≥’ F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hmbpw

\ap°v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ F√m Ncm-N-c-ßfpw

kl-Pm-h-t_m[w sIm≠mWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p F∂ D◊ A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ahbvs°m-∂n\pw Ign-hn-

√, ImcWw t_m[w Ah-t_m-[-ambn a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jv°-tØmSv

am{Xsa _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p-≈p.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-ep≈ a\p-jy-cpsS _p≤n Ncm-N-c-ß-sf-

t∏mse Xs∂ AS-™Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ Ah-t_m-[sØ

D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ _p≤nsb h¿≤n∏n°pIbpw

k¶o¿Æam°p Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Iºyq- -dns‚ _p≤n-bmWv a\p-jy¿ hnI-kn∏n-® _p≤n-bpsS

G‰hpw i‡-amb DZm-l-c-Ww. a\p-jy-_p-≤n-bpsS Nne kzm`m-hnI

Ign-hn-s\-t∏mepw AXv ]n∂n-em-°p-∂Xv ImWmw. \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

kuI-cy-ßƒ h¿≤n-∏n-®p-sh-∂-√msX Iºyq- -dn\v F¥v ta∑-bmWv

D≈-Xv? AXp-t]mse Iºyq- -dns\ hnI-kn-∏n® a\pjys‚ Ah-t_m-

[-Øn\v Hcp ta∑bpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-√.

Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h\pw Hcp-t]mse \n¬°p∂ kam-[m-\hpw

kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw kzX-{¥-amb kº-∂-Xbpw a\p-jy-_p-≤n-

bpsS Cu hnImkw sIm≠p-≠m-bn- n√. adn®v NqjWw h¿≤n-∏n-

°p-hm\pw bp≤-Øns‚ òI-c-X -Iq-´p-hm\pw temI-Ønse GXv

tImWnepw Pohn-°p-∂-hs‚ kt¥m-jhpw kam-[m\hpw C√m-Xm-

°m\pw Cu _p≤n Imc-W-am-bn. ]ń-Wnbpw Bfl-l-Xybpw sIme-

]m-X-Ihpw Hmtcm h¿jw Ign-bp-t¥mdpw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p. CXmWv

Cu _p≤n-bpsS hnImkw kΩm-\n-®-Xv.

I¬∏nX _p≤n-bpsS AYhm kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ t{]m{Km-

ans\, Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ AhnsS c≠v km≤y-

X-I-fmWv cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xv.

1._p≤n, Aht_m[sØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn _p≤nsb Xs∂

hnI-kn-∏n®v t_m[sØ ho≠pw XmgvØn If-bp-∂p. CØ-c-°m-

cmWv im-kv{X⁄-∑m-cmbpw ⁄m\n-I-fmbpw km[m-c-W-°m-c-

\mbpw amdp-∂Xv. Cu coXn-bn¬ _p≤nsb hnI-kn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ

arKo-b-X- h¿≤n-°p∂XmbmWv sXfn-hp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xv. 2.

93_p≤n Ah-t_m-[sØ D]-tbm-Ks∏SpØn t_m[sØ

Db¿Øp∂p. t_m[w Db-cp-tºmƒ _p≤n h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw

AXns‚ hy‡X IqSp-∂p. Aßns\ hy‡X h¿≤n-°p∂ _p≤n

Xs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ thZ-\-IfpsSbpw ZpxJßfpsSbpw oIc-Xbpw

A¿∞iq\yXbpw Xncn®dnbp∂p. AYhm AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚

A¿∞iq\yX {Kln-°p-∂p. AØcw a\p-jy-cmWv _p≤-∑m-cmbn

amdp-∂-Xv.

kz¥w \ne\n¬∏n\mbpw kpJØn\mbpw D]tbmKn°p∂

kzm¿∞ _p≤nbmWv Xs‚bpw a‰p -≈-h-cp -sSbpw ZpxJ

ImcWsa∂v AØc-°m¿ Is≠Øp∂p. Aßns\ kzm¿∞Xbmb

kz¥w hy‡nXzw \in∏n®p Ifbp∂Xns‚ BhiyIX Ah¿

a\ nem°pIbpw _p≤n t_m[sa∂ ssZhsØ {`a-Øn-eqsS

AYhm AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn-eqsS A\p- -hn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

hf¿∂p hcp∂ Xe-ap-d-bpsS _p≤n h¿≤n-∏n-°-Wsam t_m[w

h¿≤n-∏n-°-Wsam F∂v Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw amXm-]n-Xm-

°ƒ°pw A≤ym-]-I¿°pw `c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ°p-ap-≠v. hy‡n-Xz-

Øns‚ i‡n-bn-eqsS _p≤nsb h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ kaqlw Xocp-

am\n®m¬ t_m[w Xmgv∂v t]mIp-Ibpw kz¥w amXm- -]n-Xm-°sf

t]mepw {Iqc-ambn ]oVn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp Xe-apd Db¿∂v hcpIbpw

sNøpw. AXn\v Fs¥-¶nepw ]cn-lm-c-ap-s≠∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂-h≥

aqV-\m-Wv. ImcWw Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bmWv

kzm¿∞-Xbpw {Iq-cXbpw AXns‚ ZpxJhpw thZ-\-bpw. F∂m¬

t_m[sØ Db¿Øm≥ th≠n _p≤nsb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

kaq-l-Øn¬ _p≤n-bpsS hy‡X h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw kt¥m-jhpw

kam-[m-\hpw kpJhpw kº-∂-Xbpw AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bmbn

h∂p tNcpIbpw sNøp-∂p. Ahsb hcp-Øm≥ cmjv{So-b-˛-B-

flob XXz-im-kv{X-ß-fpsSbpw hnπ-h-ß-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-√.

AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn-te°v t_m[w Db¿∂m¬ P\-kwJy

Ipd™v kaqlw C√m-Xmbn t]mIp-I-bns√ F∂mWv F√m-hcpw

`b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXv Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ bw am{X-am-Wv. AssZz-

Xm-\p- hwhsc t_m[w Db¿ØpI F∂Xv \n m-c-amb Imcy-a-√.

Bt]-£nI kn≤m¥w I≠p-]n-Sn-®-Xn-t\-°mƒ _p≤n-ap- m-W-Xv. efn-

X-amb _p≤n Bt]-£nI kn≤m-¥-tØmfw k¶o¿Æ-am-b-Xp-t]mse

B k¶o¿Æ-amb _p≤nsb ssZh-tØmfw efn -X-am-°m≥


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v94Akm[mcW-amb C—m-i‡nbpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

AXmWv bYm¿∞ Bflo-b-X-bpsS XS- ßƒ.

_p≤n-bpw \oXnt_m[hpw D≈ h°oepw _p≤n Ipd™

km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw Hcp t]mse Ip‰IrXy-ßƒ sNøp-∂Xv _p≤n-

bpsS hyXymkw sIm≠√ F∂v hy‡-amI-p-∂p. Xmgv∂ t_m[-

Øn¬ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS km∂n≤yw _p≤n IqSn-b-h-s\bpw Ipd-™-

h-s\bpw Hcp-t]mse Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv kl-

Pm-h-t_m-[-Øn\v kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. A{i-≤

-sIm≠mWv AXv kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Aßns\ kzbw

{]h¿Øn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ Ah-t_m-[-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw

sIm≠v a\p-jy¿ hnI-e-amb Imc-W-ßƒ bp‡n-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn®v

arK-ß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ kzm¿∞-\m-Ip-Ibpw {Iqc-\m-Ip-Ibpw

sNøpw.

51. in:˛ k¶¬∏w t_m[-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-°pIbpw AXv i‡-

amb C—-bmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏m-gm-Wv, {]]-©hpw Poh\pw

krjvSn-°-s∏´p F∂v tXm∂p∂ Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn-te°v t_m[w

DW¿∂-Xv F∂mWv Aßv ]d-™-Xv. F∂m¬ B {à-Øn¬ \n∂v

ho≠pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ i‡-amb C—m-i‡n D≠m-I-W-

sa-∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv hntcm-[m- m-k-a-s√?

amÃ¿:- {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw Xs‚ hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw \ne-

\n¬∏v kXy-amb A\p- -h-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv {à- -hn-

{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-a-ß-fmb hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠m-Wv. imkv{Xob bp‡n

sIm≠pw hkvXp-\n-jvTX sIm≠pw A\p- hw sIm≠pw kq£-a-X-

sIm≠pw {]]-©hpw Poh-]-Zm¿∞-ßfpw \iz-c-am-sW∂v a\- n-

em°m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bpw. F∂n´pw B bmYm¿∞ysØ ad∂pw

Ah-K-Wn®pw F√m-hcpw Pohn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ImcWw Xm≥ kzbw

ssZh-am-sW∂ AssZz-Xm-\p- hw e`n-°m-ØXp sIm≠m-Wv. AYhm

Xs‚ bYm¿∞ kzcq]w AJ-WvV-˛-\n-›-e-˛-\n- wK t_m[-am-

sW∂v A\p- -hn-°m-ØXp sIm≠mWv AYhm P\-\- -a-cW {à-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW-cm-ØXp sIm≠m-Wv. Cu A\p- hw e`n-°-W-sa-

¶n¬ \ne-\n¬∏v hmkvX-h-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ virtualhnIm-c-ßsf C√m-Xm-°-Ww.

Xs‚ kzm¿∞ B{Klßƒ k -eo-I-cn-°-W-sa∂ i‡-amb

s\K-‰ohv C—m-i‡n sIm≠p-≠mb virtual hnIm-c-ßsf, Ah \iz-

95c-am-sW∂ Adnhv sIm≠v i‡-ambn XS-bp-tºmƒ Cu hnImcßƒ

]c-kv]cw G‰p-ap´n \n w-K-am-Ip-Ibpw; Cu \njv{In-bo-I-cWw

]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ a\ v A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-Ibpw AYhm hy‡n-

t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂pw hy‡nXzw C√m-Xmbn t_m[w am{Xw tijn-

°p-Ibpw tZlhpw t_m[hpw cs≠∂ A\p- -hØn¬ FØp-Ibpw

sNøpw.

CXm-Wv AssZzX A\p- -hw. CXv hntcm-[-ß-fpsS B`m-k-

a√ adn®v hntcm-[-ß-fpsS D∑q-e-\-am-Wv. AXm-bXv \iz-c-am-b-Xns\

\iz-c-am-b-Xp- sIm≠v C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep-≈Xv

F¥mtWm AXv {]Xy-£-am-Ipw.

Iptd-°qSn hy‡-ambn ]d-™m¬ Np‰pw acWw I≠n´pw Fs‚

tZlw acn-°p-I-bn√ F∂ [m¿jvTytØmsS Pohn-°m≥ a\p-jys\

t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ i‡-amb virtual hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßsf, tZl-Øns‚

acWw Fs‚ ac-W-a√ F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hns‚ A\p-`-h-Øn-te°v

sIm≠p-h-cm≥ FSp-°p∂ i‡-am-b -C-—-bpsS hnIm-c-am-Wv

([m¿jvTyw) tam£-Øn-te-°p≈ GI am¿§w AYhm Pm{K-Xv F∂

{`a-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-bØnte°v DW-cm-\p≈ GI hgn. CX-√msX

{]m¿∞\, D]-hmkw, [ym\w, A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, km[-\-Iƒ,

⁄m\w, \∑, \oXn, ]pWyw, A\p-Iº Ch- sIm-s≠m∂pw thZ-\n-

°p∂ \iz-c-amb tZl-]-Zm¿∞-Øn¬ Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°-W-

sa∂ hnUvVn-ØsØ C√m-Xm°n \nXy-amb tam£-Øn-se-Øn-t®-

cm≥ km≤y-a-√. ImcWw Ch-bp-sS-sb√mw Ipdhp sIm≠√

tam£m\p`hw \jvS-s∏- -Xv.

52. in:˛ tam£w t\Sm≥ At\Iw am¿§-ßƒ Ds≠-∂mWv aX-

ßfpw thZm-¥-ßfpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, AXv icn-bmtWm?

amÃ¿:˛ tam£sØ ]e-Xmbn \n¿Δ-Nn®v AXv t\Sm≥ ]e

am¿§-ßƒ Ds≠∂v hniz-kn-∏n®v a\p-jysc I_-fn-∏n-®mWv aX-ßfpw

thZm-¥-ßfpw Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ß-fmbn `qan-bn¬ k¿Δm-[n-

]Xyw ÿm]n-®-Xv. ]e-t∏mgpw cmjv{Sob i‡n-I-sf-°mfpw IqSp-X¬

i‡n aX-ßƒ kw -cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

Pohn-X-Ønse F√m kpJ-ku-I-cy-ßfpw shdpsX e`n-°p∂

Hcp ÿe-amWv kz¿§-w AYhm ]dp-Zo-k-sb∂pw AXv ac-W-ti-

jsa e`n-°p-I-bp-≈p-sh∂pw AXn-\mbn IrXy-amb Nne {]m¿∞-\-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v96Ifpw D]-hm-khpw kvt\lhpw tkh-\hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-bm¬

aXn-sb-∂pw hniz-kn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ tam£-Øns‚ A¿∞w as‰m-

∂mbn amdp-∂p.

]c-{_“Øn¬ \n∂v {_“w Pohi-‡n-bmbn Ah-X-cn®v {]]-

©hpw a\p-jy\pw krjvSn-°-s∏´psh∂pw; {_“sØ Adn-™m¬

{_“-ambn amdm-sa∂pw; AXn\v {_“sØ D]m-kn-°p-Ibpw [ym\n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ aXn-sb∂pw thZm-¥-ßƒ {]N-cn-∏n-®p.

{_“sØ ]pdØp \n¬°p∂ AXn- u-XnI i‡n-bmbn Ipsd thZm-

¥n-Iƒ hymJym-\n-®-t∏mƒ a‰p Nne¿ {_“w a\- n-\-IØv \n¬°p∂

i‡n-bmbn hymJym-\n-®p. ChnsS tam£w as‰mcp \n¿Δ-N\w

ssIs°m-≈p-∂p.

Poh-\n¬ \n∂p≈ ]q¿Æ kzmX-{¥y-amWv tam£w. AXv

t\Sm≥ \n w-K-X-bmWv Htc-Hcp am¿§w F∂mWv AjvSm-h{I KoX

F∂ thZm¥ IrXn-bn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

hni∏pw Zmlhpw A\p- -h-s∏-SmØ \nXy-amb Hcp \ne-\n¬∏v

\nßƒ°p≠v, AXmWv \nXy-Po-h≥ F∂mWv Pokkv tam£sØ

\n¿Δ-Nn-®-Xv. \o \ns∂ kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-

c-s\bpw kvt\ln-®m¬ \nXy-Po-h≥ e`n-°p-sa-∂mWv At±lw ]Tn-

∏n-®-Xv.

Cßs\ tam£-Øns‚ \n¿Δ-N\w \o≠p t]mIp-∂p.

Cu \n¿Δ-N-\-ßsf kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ch-sb√mw

Pm{KXv F∂ {`aw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏- -Xn¬ \n∂v

cq]w sIm≠-Xm-sW∂v ImWmw. Ch-bn¬ AjvSm-h{I ap\nbpw

{io_p-≤-\p-amWv IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn tam£sØ \n¿Δ-Nn-®-Xv.

t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ tam£-Øn\v Hcp \n¿Δ-N-\-an-√. kz]v\-

Øns‚ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂v Pm{KXv F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v

DW-cp-∂-h\v F¥mWv \n¿Δ-Nn-°m-≥ Ign-bpI? kz]v\m\p -h-ß-

sf√mw Pm{KØnse Nn¥-Ifpw k-¶¬∏-ßfpw ImgvN-Ifpw A\p- -

h-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v DW-cp-tºmƒ a\- n-em-Ipw. AXp-t]mse

Pm{KXv F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-

te°v DW-cp-tºmƒ Pm{KØnse A\p- -h-ß-sf√mw Xpco-b-Ønse

k¶¬∏-ßfpw Nn¥-I-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-Ipw. tZlw \ne-

\n¬s°-bp≈ Xpco-b A\p- hØn¬ {`ahnIm-c-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°m-

97Ø-Xn-\m¬ AhnsS ImgvNbpw tIƒhnbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Ds≠

¶nepw Ah tXm∂-ep-Ifpw \iz-c-hp-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-™p- sIm-

≠n-cn-°pw. tZl-an-√m-sX-bp≈ Xpcym-hÿbmsW-¶n¬ Ccp- n\pw

shfn-®-Øn\pw iq\y-Xbv°pw AXo-X-ambn Rm≥ tZl-an-√msX \ne-

\n¬°p∂p F∂ Htc Hcp ‘A\p- hw’ am{Xw.

ùXnI imkv{X-Ønepw aX- -XXz imkv{XØnepw At\Iw

\n¿Δ-N-\-ßƒ ]Tn®p hf¿∂-h-cmWv \Ωƒ. B \n¿Δ-N\-ßƒ ]e

kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ°pw Bflob hnZy-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ahsb \mw hnam-\-ambpw ^m≥ Bbpw Fb¿ I≠o-j-

W¿ Bbpw AXo-{μnb A-\p- -h-ß-fmbpw C∂pw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Pm{KXv F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-bw- F∂ t_m[-

X-e-Øn-te°v DW¿∂ {io _p≤\pw, caW al¿jnbpw, AjvSm-

h{I ap\nbpw, P\-I\pw Ah¿ A\p- -hn® Pm{K-Ønse A\p- -h-

ßsf \n¿Δ-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂v a\- n-em-°n. \iz-c-Xbn¬ F¥v

kXyamWv Is≠-ØpI? F¥p Is≠-Øn-bmepw AXp-sIm≠v

F¥mWv {]tbm-P\w?

Xß-fpsS IqsS Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ \iz-c-Xsb \n¿Δ-Nn®p sIm≠n-

cp-∂-t∏mgpw Ch-¿ Ahsb FXn¿°p-Itbm sXs‰∂v ]d-bp-Itbm

sNbvXn-√. ImcWw kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cm-Ø-

h≥ kz]v\-Ønse kw -h-ßƒ I≠v Ic-bp-Ibpw Nncn-°p-Ibpw

\n¿Δ-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ F¥mWv sNøm≥ Ign-bpI? Xń

DW¿Øm≥ t\m°mw. F∂n´pw DW¿∂n-s√-¶n¬ au\-ambn, im¥-

\mbn Ccn-°mw. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cmsX kz]v\m-\p- -h-ßƒ

C√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ ssZh-Øn\v t]mepw Ign-

bn-√. ImcWw ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv kz]v\m-\p- -h-Øn¬ Ic-bp-Ibpw

Nncn-°p-Ibpw \n¿Δ-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-sX∂v Hm¿°-Ww.

tam£w F∂m¬ Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]q¿Æhpw-

\nXyhpamb DW¿ΔmWv A√msX F¥nse¶nepw \n∂p≈ tamN-\-a-√.

tam£w F∂m¬ H∂nepw \n∂p≈ kzmX-{¥ytam c£tbm

A√. AXn-\m¬ AXn-s\mcp \n¿Δ-N-\hpw am¿§hpw km≤y--a-√.

kq£-ambn \nco-£n-®m¬ F√mw \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏Spw

F√mw \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏- m¬ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ \jvS-

s∏Spw. A\p-`-h-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-´m¬ bmYm¿∞yX \jvS-s∏-Spw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v98bmYm¿∞yX \jvS-s∏- m¬ k¶¬∏-ßƒ C√m-Xmbn hy‡n-t_m[w

Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[Xe-Øn-te-°v DWcpw. kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-

°m≥ GXp \nan-jhpw F√mh¿°pw Ignbpw Aßs\ F√mw \iz-

c-am-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ B¿°pw km≤y-am-Wv. F∂m¬ kq£va-

ambn {i≤n-°m\pw {à-hn-Im-c-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ bmYm¿∞ym-\p- sØ

Dt]-£n-°m\pw B¿°pw IgnbmsX t]mIp-∂p. ImcWw \ΩpsS

A\p- -h-ß-fn¬ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw am{X-a√ A¬∏w ssewKnI

kpJhpw {]i-kvXnbpsSbpw kº-Øn-s‚bpw kpJßfpw kq£n®p

h®n-´p-≠v.

tam£w t\Sm≥ Htc-Hcp am¿§-sa-bp-≈p. Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂

t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v Xpcobw F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn-te°v

DW-c-Ww. Aßns\ DW-cm≥ Bh-iy-amb anÃnIv Du¿÷w \mw

tiJ-cn-°-Ww. tZlw \ne-\n¬°ptºmƒ am{Xsa anÃnIv Du¿÷w

tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. \∑bpw ]pWyhpw kXvI¿Ω-ßfpw

ssZho-I-am-sW∂pw ssZhw X∂n¬ \n∂pw A\y-amb Hcp i‡n-

bm-sW∂pw k¶¬∏n® aX hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw thZm-¥n-Iƒ°pw

]‰nb sX‰mWv acW tij-ap-ff tam£hpw kz¿§-hpw. \∑-bp-

sSbpw ]pWy-Øn-s‚bpw kXv°¿Ω-ß-fpsS t{kmX- ns\°pdn®v

Ah¿ kq£va-ambn ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ CØcw Hcp sX‰v kw -

hn-°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

53. in:˛ AssZz-X -A-\p- hw {àm-\p- -h-amWv F∂mWv Aßp

]d-bp-∂-Xv.- hn-Im-c-ßƒ D≈n-SsØ A\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-I-bp≈p

F∂Xp sIm≠v AssZz-Xm-\p- hhpw Hcp hnIm-cm-\p- -h-as√?

amÃ¿:˛ Pm{K-Øn¬ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂p Icp-Xp∂ F√m

A\p- -h-ßfpw hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-

sfm∂pw C√ AYhm Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂ Hc-hÿ D≠m-

bm¬; AXm-bXv AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬ FØn-bm¬ AXpw Hc-

\p- hw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. tZlw \ne-\n¬s°Øs∂ AØcw Hc-

\p- hw D≠m-bm¬ AXv ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp B-\-μ-

ambn ‘A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p’ (\n w-K-X-bpsS A\p- -hw). Cu ‘A\p-

`hw’ ssewKnI kpJw t]msetbm {]ikvXntbm [\tam sIm≠v

e`n-°p∂ a\- ns‚ D∑mZw t]msetbm A√ F∂v ]d-tb≠n h∂-

t∏m-gmWv AssZzXm-\p-`-hhpw {à hnIm-cm-\p-`-hhpw XΩn¬

hyXymkw Ds≠∂v ]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv.

A≤ymbw ]Øv

thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw \nXy-amb tamN\w

54. in:- {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßsf Fßns\ C√m-

Xm°n Pm{KXv F∂ kz]v\ kam-\-amb {à-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-

Øn-te°v DWcmw?

amÃ¿ :-˛CXns‚ DØcw Rm≥ t\csØ \¬In-b-Xm-Wv.

F¶nepw H∂p-IqSn hy‡-am-°mw. BZyw kzX-{¥-ambn \ne¬\n¬°m-

\p≈ ]Ww kºm-Zn-°p-I. \ne\n¬°m≥ a‰p-≈-hs\ B{i-bn-°p-

∂-h\v Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ km[y-a-√.

i‡-amb {i≤ sIm≠v _p≤nsb kq£va- \n-co-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-

b-am°n hkvXp\njvT-X-tbmsS kz¥w PohnX kw -h-ßsf ]cn-

tim-[n-°m≥ ]Tn-°p-I. bmsXmcp Imc-W-h-imepw a‰p hy‡n-I-sf-

°p-dns®m hkvXp-°sf°pdnt®m kq£va-ambn ]Tn-°pItbm a‰p-

≈-h-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS

Pohn-X-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp∂ kml-Ncyw D≠m-bm¬ AXv £a-tbmsS

kln°pIbpw B kml-Ncyw Dt]-£n®v as‰m-cnStØ°v t]mIp-

Itbm sNøp-I. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep-ap≈ aX hnizm-k-ßƒ°v hnt[-

b\m-I-cpXv. At∏mƒ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a- -hn-Im-c-ßƒ Pohn-X-Øn\v Bh-

iy-an√ F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{X-Øns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-SpØn F√m Bflob hnizm-k-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw AXo-{μn-

bm-\p- -h-ßfpw Ak-Xy-sa∂v Is≠Øn X≈n-°-f-bm≥ Ign-bpw.

kz¥w a\- n¬ X\nsb Db¿∂p Xmgp∂ F√m-hn[ s\K-‰ohv hnIm-

c-ß-sfbpw kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n®p sIm≠n-cp-∂m¬ kt¥m-

jIchpw kpJ-I-c-hp-amb Pohn-X-Øn\v Cu hnImcßƒ FXn-cm-

sW∂v am{X-a√ PohnXsØ ZpxJ-Øn-te°pw thZ-\-bn-te°pw \bn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ Ch-bpsS ]¶v A]m-c-am-sW∂v Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw.

hn{à hnIm-c-ßsf kZm-k-a-bhpw t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂m¬ hy‡n-

t_m[w hy‡nXzw \jvS-s∏´v km£n-bmbn amdm≥ XpS-ßpw.

F∂m¬ hn{à hnIm-c-ßƒ°v kzbw \n¿Æb tijn D≈-Xn-\m¬

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v100ta¬∏-d-™-h-sbm∂pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m≥ A{Xbv°v Ffp∏w

B¿°pw Xs∂ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

t_m[-imkv{X {_“-N-cy-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ hocyw AYhm

anÃnIv Du¿÷w sIm≠p am{Xsa i‡-amb {i≤bpw icn-bmb

Hm¿Ωbpw Xncn-®-dnhpw _p≤n-bp-sa√mw t_m[w Db¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. ‘Rm≥’ F∂ Al-¶m-c-

tØbpw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F-∂p≈ aa-Xm-_-‘-sØbpw C√m-Xm-°m\pw

\iz-c-Xsb A\p-`-hn-°p-hm\pw D≈ ss[cyw D≠m-I-W-sa-¶n¬

t_m[-imkv{X {_“-NcyØn¬ \n∂p≈ anÃnIv Du¿÷w Bh-

iy-am-Wv. Aßns\ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amb B{K-l-ß-fpsS

hnIm-c-ßfmb {àhnIm-c-Øn-te°v t_m[w Db-cp-∂p. hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Cu t_m[-

Øn\v {à -hn-Im-c-ß-fpsS Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞yw AYhm \iz-

cX Ffp∏w t_m≤ys∏Sp-Ibpw AssZz-Xm-\p- hw F∂ Xpco-bm-

h-ÿ-bn-te°v t_m[w DW-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. anÃnIv Du¿÷w

C√msX t_m[w Db-cp-I-bn-√.

t_m[w Db-cmsX DW-cm≥ km[y-a-√. AXn-\m¬ ]cn-{iaw

apgp-h\pw t_m[w Db-cm≥ am{Xsa D]-I-cn°p. Pm{K-Xv F∂ {à-

Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cp-∂Xv kz]v\-Øn¬ DW-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse X\nsb

\S-°p∂ Hcp {]Xn- m-k-am-Wv. _p≤n-°v A-Xn¬ bmsXmcp kzm[o-

\-hp-an-√. Ft∏mƒ? Fßns\? F¥p-sIm≠v? DW-cp-sa∂v I≠p-]n-

Sn-°pI km[y-a-√.

55. in:˛ Hcp- hy-‡n-t_m[w ap‡n t\Sn-t∏m-bmepw a‰p hy‡n -

t_m-[-ßƒ D◊bpw AXns‚ A\p- -h-ßfpw A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-

cn-°p-∂p-≠s√m? At∏mgpw GI kXy-amb t_m[w Xs∂-bs√

AX-\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Hcp hy‡n Xs‚ Dd-°-Øn¬ {]]-©-sØbpw AXnse

Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw X\n°v ]cn-N-b-ap≈ hy‡n-I-sfbpw kz]v\w

I≠p-W¿∂m¬, kz]v\-Øn¬ I≠ {]]-©-sØbpw hy‡n-I-sfbpw

Pm{K-Øn¬ I≠m¬-t∏mepw kz]v\-Ønse A\p- -h-ßsf Abmƒ

AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv kz]v\-Øn¬ I≠ Iq´p-Im-c\v Aº-

Xn-\m-bncw cq] ISw sImSpØp F∂v I≠v Fgp-t∂¬°p-∂-bmƒ

101Pm{K-Ønse AtX Iq´p-Im-ct\mSv ]Ww Xncn®p \¬Im≥ Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. ImcWw Hcp t_m[-X-e-Ønse A\p-`hw B

t_m[Xew hn´v as‰mcp t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ, C√m-

Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°pw. AXp-t]mse Hcp

hy‡n-t_m[w Pm{K-Xv F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw DW¿∂v

Xpcobw F∂ t_m[XeØn¬ FØp-tºmƒ AhnsS Xs∂

A√msX as‰m∂ns\bpw bmYm¿∞y-ambn ImWmt\m A\p- -hn-

°mt\m Ign-bp-Ibn√. AXn-\m¬ Cu tNmZyw B t_m[-X-e-Øn¬

tNmZn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. F∂m¬ GI-amb t_m[w ]eXmsW∂v

{`an°pIbpw {`aw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v Icp-Xp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Pm{K-

Øn¬ Cu tNmZy-Øn\v hy‡-amb DØ-c-hp-an-√.

Htc kw`hw Ipsd-t∏¿ Hcp-t]mse A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂p

IcpXn AXv F√m-h¿°pw bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -h-s∏-S-W-sa∂v

\n¿_-‘-an-√. \iz-c-Xm-\p- hw D≈-h\v Hcp kw -h-Ønepw bmYm¿

∞yX A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. \iz-c-X A\p- -h-am-Im-Ø-h\v

F√m kw -h-ßfpw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

A\p- hw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h\v am{Xw kz¥-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬

A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h≥ am{X-amWv bmYm¿∞yw. A√msX A\p- -h-ß-

ƒ°v Imc-W-amb hy‡n-Ifpw hkvXp-°-fp-a√ bmYm¿∞yw. A\p- -

h-ßƒ°v kzX-{¥-amb \ne-\n¬∏n-√.

Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-c\v tcmKw _m[n-®p-sh∂v kz]v\w I≠p-W-

cp∂ Hcmƒ°v DW¿∂v Ign-bp-tºmƒ, Iq´p-Im-c\v tcmKw _m[n-

®p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? Xo¿®-bmbpw C√. ImcWw C√m-

ØXv D≠v F∂ tXm∂-emWv kz]v\w. AXp-t]mse \iz-c-amb

hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw \in-°p-∂p-sh∂pw thZ-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw

I≠mepw Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-¿∂h\v AØcw A\p- -h-ßƒ

D≠mbn F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-a-√. ImcWw Xpco-b-Øn¬

a‰p-≈-h¿ C√, GI-amb t_m[w am{Xsa D≈p.

56. in:˛ Pohn-®n-cns° AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬ FØp∂ Hcp

ap‡≥ Xs‚ tZl-sØbpw {]]-©-sØbpw a‰p-≈-h-scbpw

bmYm¿∞y-ambn AwKo-I-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂p-≠-s√m. am{X-a√ Abmƒ

tam£-am¿§w a‰p-≈-hsc ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc thZ-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v102\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ZpxJ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ B{K-ln-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXns‚ A¿∞w Abmƒ Pm{KXv bmYm¿∞y

ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p F∂s√?

amÃ¿:˛ GXv t_m[ Xe-Øn-emtWm \mw A\p- -h-ßsf Adn-

bp-∂Xv B t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ A\p- -h-ß-sf√mw D≈Xpw bmYm¿∞y

hpw Bbn-cn-°pw. kz]v\-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ kz]v\m-\p- -h-

ß-sf√mw bmYm¿∞yw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. am{X-a√ Nne A\p- -h-

ßƒ kz]v\-Øns‚ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂v Pm{K-Øns‚ t_m[-X-

e-Øn-te°v \o≠v t]mIm-dp-ap≠v. InS-°-bn¬ aq{Xw Hgn°p-I,

kvJe\w kw -hn-°p-I, Dds° kwkm-cn-°p-I, Ic-bp-I, Fgp-t∂‰v

\S-°pI Ch-sb√mw CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

kz]v\-Ønse bmYm¿∞yw, bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v a\ nem-Ip-

∂Xv Pm{KØn-te°v DWcp-tºm-gm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬

\n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp-tºm-gmWv Pm{K-Ønse bmYm¿∞yw

\iz-c-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Pm{K-Ønse bmYm¿∞ym-\p-`-h-Øn\v i‡nbpw Bghpw

ssZ¿Lyhpw hfsc IqSp-X¬ Bb-Xn-\m¬ \iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-sa∂v

A\p -hn°m≥ Ffp∏w Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp-tºm-gmWv Xs‚

t_m[-Øn\v Xs‚ tZlhpw {]]-©-hp-ambn bmsXmcp-hn[ _‘-

hp-an√ F∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \izcamb GXv hkvXp-hn\pw

kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \in-°m≥ Hcp Ime ]cn-[n-bp-≠v. AXv kz¥w

tZl-Øn\pw _m[-I-am-Wv. tZlw acn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ImØn-cp-∂m¬

am{Xsa Xpco-bm-\p- hw ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

kz]v\-Ønse A\p-`hw Pm{K-Øn-te°v \o≠p t]mIp-∂Xv

t]mse-bmWv Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW¿∂ ap‡s‚ tZlw Hcp `mc-

ambn ac-Ww-hsc Xpco-b-Øn-te°v \o≠p \n¬°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬

ac-Ww-hsc tZl-sØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Poh-∑p-‡\v Pm{K-Ønse

bmYm¿∞y-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn A`n-\-bn-t°≠n hcpw.

t_m[sØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn 750- tImSnbn¬∏cw tZl-ßƒ

]e coXn-bn¬ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw A\p- -hn®p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. thZ\ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

103Øn¬ Hmtcm tZlhpw t_m[-Ønse Im≥k-dm-Wv. AØcw tZl-

ßƒ F{X-tØmfw Ipd-bp-∂pthm A{X-tØmfw t_m[-Øns‚

thZ\ Ipd-bp-I-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS tZl-Øn¬ ]Øv apdn-hp-Iƒ Ds≠-

¶n¬ AXn¬ As©Æw kpJw {]m]n-°p-tºmƒ \ap-°p-≠m-Ip∂

Bizmkw t]mse-bmWXv.

t_m[-Øn-ep-b¿∂v tam£m-\p-`hw Fs¥∂v A\p-`-hn-

°p∂h\p am{Xsa CXns‚ clkyw ]nSn In´p-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv t_mt[m-Zbw e`n® ap‡≥ Xs‚ tijn-°p∂ PohnXw

a‰p-≈-hsc tam£-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

AXv Abm-fpsS \∑ t_m[tam HuZmcytam A\p-I-ºtbm A√.

AXv Abm-fpsS Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn-ep≈ PohnX coXn-bm-Wv.

A\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, A\p-`-hn -°p-∂-h≥

A√msX as‰mcp bmYm¿∞y-an-√. a‰p-≈-h¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂Xv

Hcp-hs‚ Adnhp am{X-am-Wv. Fs‚ hni∏v F\n°v bmYm¿∞yw

as‰m-cm-fpsS hni∏v Fs‚ Adn-hv. AXm-bXv A\p- -h-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h≥ am{Xsa P\n-®n-´p-≈p. a‰p-≈-h-

sb√mw Ahs‚ t_m[-a-WvV-e-Ønse \ma-cq-]-ßƒ am{X-am-Wv.


“ PohnXw kam-[m-\-Ønepw kpJ-Ønepw kt¥m-j-Ønepw

kº-∂-Xnepw \ne-\n¬°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-°p-∂-h≥ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS

t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ {ian-°-cpXv. as‰m-cm-fpsS Hcp sXs‰-¶nepw

Nq≠n ImWn-°p-∂-h≥ Abm-fpsS t_m[sØ A¬∏-sa-¶nepw

Db¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu {]hrØn icn-bm-

sW∂v A]c\v tXm∂n-bm¬ t]mepw Abm-fn¬ {]Xn-Imcw D≠m-

Ip-Ibpw \nß-fpsS i{Xp-hmbn amdp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ImcWw

t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h≥ Pohs\ k¶¬∏n-®-hs‚ i{Xp-

hm-Wv. kzbw t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ B¿°pw Xocp-am-\n°mw {ian-

°mw, AXn-\mbn klm-bhpw Bh-iy-s∏-Smw, Abmƒ tam£w

{]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw” .

A≤ymbw ]Xn-s\m∂v

tZl-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw acWw F∂v

[cn-°p∂ hy‡n-t_m-[-Øns‚ ZpxJw

57. in:- Fs‚ Bflob At\z-j-W-Øns‚ hy‡-amb e£yw

Rm≥ C-t∏m-gmWv Adn-bp-∂-Xv. ZpxJ-ap‡n At\z-jn-®n-d-ßnb

Rm≥ hntZ-l-ap‡n F∂ bYm¿∞ Bflo-b-X-bn-emWv FØn-bn-

cn-°p-∂-sX∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞ Bflo-bX Fs¥∂v Adn-

bmsX, C√mØ ZpxJw AI-‰p∂ Bflo-b-X-bmWv C∂v temIsØ

`cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv ZpxJsØ kzbw sa\-s™-SpØv AXv C√m-

Xm-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ kt¥mjw Bflob e£y-ambn ImWp∂

aμ-_p-≤n-I-fmWv B[p-\nI a\p-jy¿. hntZ-l-ap-‡-\m-Im≥, AYhm

Pm{K-Ønte°v DW-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ F¥mWv am¿§w?

amÃ¿:- Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \iz-c-Xsb AwKo-

I-cn®v Xpco-b-Øn¬ DW¿∂n-cp-∂m¬ aXn. Aßs\ DW-cp-hm≥

XpS-ßp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv t_mt[m-Zbw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXn\v

Pm{K-Ønse t_m[m-h-ÿsb Db¿Øn-bm¬ aXn. Aßns\

t_m[w Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\v kq£va- \nco-£-Whpw \n w-K-Xbpw D]-

tbm-K-s∏-SpØn hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-bm-I-Ww.

Hcp t_m[-Xew Dd-ßp-tºm-gmWv as‰mcp t_m[-Xew DW-cp-

∂-Xv. Xpcobw F∂ G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[-Xew ‘Dd-ßp-tºmƒ’Pm{K-Xv F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Xew DW-cp-∂p. Pm{K-Ønse

t_m[Xew Dd-ßp-tºmƒ AXn-t\-°mƒ Xmgv∂ kz]v\-sa∂ Xe-

Øn-te°v t_m[apW-cp-∂p. kz]v\-Ønse t_m[Xew Dd-ßp-

tºmƒ t_m[w Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-Xmbn A\p-

-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXmWv kpjp-]vXn.

kz]v\-sØ-°mƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ A\p-`-h-ßƒ

Akm-≤y-am-Wv. CtX {Ia-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv t_m[w DW-cp-∂-

sX-¶nepw \n{Z-bn¬ \n∂pw kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw Pm{K-Øn-te°v

X\n-sb-bmWv DW-cp-∂-Xv, F∂m¬ Pm{KØn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-

Øn-te°v X\n-sb DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂XmWv \ΩpsS A\p-

-hw. AXn-\p-Im-cWw Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te-°p-W-cm≥

105hn{ -a- -a-Xn{` hnIm-c-ß-fpsS bmYm¿∞ym\p- hw kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bn-√

F∂-XmWv.

Poh≥ F∂ k¶¬∏w PohnXambn F∂pw {]]-©-Øn¬ \ne-

\n¬°m≥ i‡-ambn B{K-ln-°p∂p F∂-XmWv hn{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`a

hnIm-c-ß-fpsS i‡n kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßsf

t{]m{Km-ap-I-fmbn am‰n s\K-‰ohv Po\p-I-fn-eqsS i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw s\K‰ohv tlm¿tam-Wp-I-sf∂ Nne cmk-h-kvXp-°sf D¬∏m-

Zn-∏n®v A\p- -h-ßsf cmk -bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-fm°n am‰m≥ Ign-hp-≈-

Xn-\m-em-Wv Pm-{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-bØn-te°v X\nsb DW-cm≥

Ign-bm-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. am{X-a√ {]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-Øn-eqsS hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

FÆhpw i‡nbpw h¿≤n-∏n®v IqSp-X¬ Xmgv∂ t_m[-ap-≈Xpw

IqSp-X¬ _p≤n-bp-≈-Xp-amb tZl-ßsf krjvSn-°p-∂p. Cu cmk-

bm-Ym¿∞y-ßƒ Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te-°v D-W-cm-\p≈

km≤yX Imew sN√p-wt¥mdpw Ipd®p sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p.

58. in:- Pm{K-Xv- -kz-]v\w- -kp-jp-]vXn- -Xp-cobw F∂o {Ia-Øn-

emWv thZm-¥-ßƒ t_m[m-h-ÿsb hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬

Pm{KXv H∂m-a-tØXpw Xpcobw \mem-a-tØ-Xp-amb t_m[m-h-ÿ-

bm-Wv. F∂m¬ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ Xpco-bsØ H∂m-asØ

AYhm G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bm-bmWv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.

F¥p sIm≠mWv CØcw Hcp hyXymkw kw -hn-®Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Pm{KXv F∂ DW¿Δns\ G‰hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb

A\p- -h-am-bmWv thZm-¥n-Iƒ a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv. aqe IrXn-I-fn¬

Cß-s\-bmtWm F∂v hy‡-a-√. CsXmcp sX‰mb hymJym-\-am-

Wv. Xpco-b-Øn\v \mem-a-tØXv F∂v A¿∞w sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-

Xn-\m¬ AØcw Hcp sX‰p-]-‰n-sb∂v sXfn-bn-°m\pw km≤y-a-√.

Pohn-®n-cns° Xpco-bm-\p-`-h-Øn¬ FØm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xp

sIm≠m-bn-cn°mw CØcw Hcp sX‰v kw -hn-®-Xv.

Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-\p- hw km≤y-am-sW∂v AjvSm-h{I KoX

F∂ thZm-¥ IrXn Hgn-®m¬ a‰v Fhn-sSbpw ]d-™-Xmbn ImWp-

∂n-√ F∂mWv Fs‚ Adnhv. F∂m¬ ap‡m-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-

bp-∂p-≠v. AXv AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-am-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-I-fn-√. Poh≥

\jvS-s∏-Sp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ Hc-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn-®mWv AXn¬ {]Xn-

]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xpcobw F∂ tam£m-\p- hw Pohn-®n-cn-s° kw -

hn-®-hs\ kw_-‘n®nS-tØmfw Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[m-\p- hw H∂m-

tZl-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw acWw F∂v [cn-°p∂ hy‡n-t_m-[-Øns‚ ZpxJw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v106a-tØXpw G‰hpw Db¿∂Xpw Bbn-cn-°pw. ImcWw Pm{K-Øn-s\-

°mƒ bmYm¿∞ym-\p-`hw Xpco-b-Øn-\m-sW∂v P\-\-˛-a-cW {à-

ß-fn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂-h≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ Xpcobw

H∂m-a-tØXpw G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿbpw BsW-∂-Xn¬

bYm¿∞ ap‡\v kwibw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. ImcWw AXv Abm-

fpsS Adn-h√, A\p- -h-am-Wv. G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[-Xew F∂

A¿∞-Øn-emWv Xpcobw F∂ ]Zw t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns‚ hmNym¿∞w kzoI-cn-®n- n-√.

59. in:- ac-W-tØmsS Hcp hy‡n-t_m[w thZ-\-Ifpw ZpxJ-

ßfpw C√mØ Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn-te-°s√ IS-°p-∂Xv ? AXp-sIm-

≠s√ A -l-\o-b-amb thZ-\-bnepw ZpxJ--Ønepw a\p-jy¿ Afl-

lXy sNøp-∂-Xv ?

amÃ¿:-˛ tZl-Øn¬ \n∂pw Poh≥ hn´p t]mIp-∂psh∂pw

tZlØn-te°v Poh≥ hcp-∂psh∂pw \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw {àn-

°p-I-bm-Wv. tZl-]-Zm¿∞hpw Poh\pw t_m[hpw XΩn¬ t\cn´v

_‘-an-√. {àw sIm≠v Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬

cq]w sIm≠-h-bmWv {]]-©hpw tZl-]-Zm¿∞hpw Poh-\pw. {àw

AYhm kl-Pm-h-t_m[w bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v aa-Xm-_-‘-ßƒ

\¬Ip∂ kpJ- -Zpx-Jß-fp-sSbpw, icocw \¬Ip∂ thZ-\-bp-sSbpw

hnIm-cßƒ sIm≠v A\p- hn-®-t∏m-gmWv tZl-]-Zm¿∞-Øn-te°v

Poh≥ hcp-∂Xv P\-\-sa∂pw Poh≥ t]mIp-∂Xv ac-W-sa∂pw

A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xv.

{à-hn-Im-cßƒ t]mbm¬ Poh-]-Zm¿∞hpw Poh\pw Ahsb

\ne-\n¿Øp∂ {]]-©hpw \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. {à-hn-

Im-c-ßƒ t]mbns√-¶n¬ \iz-cX Adn-hmbn amdpw. AtXmsS P\\

hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-cn-

°pw. Cu A\p- -h-Øn¬ th¿]m-Sns‚ ZpxJhpw imco-cnI thZ-\-

Ifpw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ CsXmcp NXp¿am\ kn\n-a-bmbn I≠p

ckn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Bfl-lXybpw kzm`m-hnI ac-Whpw sIm≠v hy‡n-t_m[w

Xpco-b-sa∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ FØp-I-bn-√. {àw sIm≠p-≠mb

hy‡n-t_m[m\p`-h-ßƒ {à-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ Xs∂

bmYm¿∞ya√ F∂v A\p-`-hn-°-Ww. F∂m¬ am{Xsa hy‡n-

t_m[w hy‡nXzw \jvS-s∏´v Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ ebn-°p-I-bp-

107≈p. kzbw acn-°p-∂-h\pw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn acn-°p-∂-h\pw acWw

bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cpw \jvS-t_m[w D≈-h-cpam-

Wv. acWw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v tXm∂p∂ hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn\v

tZlw Dt]-£n-°m-\-√msX acn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. kXyØn¬

tZlsØ Bcpw kzbw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-X-√. Nne {]tXyI L -Øn¬

Dt]-£n-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. Bfl-l-Xybpw Pcm-\-cbpw

AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ L -ß-fm-Wv.

tZlw t_m[-Øns‚ {àw BbXp sIm≠mWv AXn\v Pcm-

\c _m[n-°p∂p F∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv. tZl-hp-ambn Hcp _‘-hp-an-

√mØ t_m[w tZlw Xt‚-Xm-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv

Cßs\ kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw ac-Whpw Pm{KXv

F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Xe-Ønse A\p`hßƒ am{X-am -Wv.

Pm{KØn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂m¬ Ch-sbm∂pw C√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v

tZlw \ne-\n¬s° Xs∂ t_m[-Øn\v A\p- -h-s∏-Spw.

\iz-c-amb tZlsØ kzbw \in-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ImØp-

\n¬°msX kzbw \in-∏n®p If-bp∂ (Bfl-lXy) A{Xbv°v

ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw hcn-Ibpw AXv ÿe-Im-e-ß-fn¬ At\-Im-

bncw h¿j-ßƒ XpS-cp-∂p-sh∂v _p≤n sIm≠v t_m≤ys∏SpIbpw

sNbvXmtem? Cu {àØn¬ \n∂v Fßn-s\-sb-¶nepw DW¿t∂

]‰p F∂v Nn¥n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. Xs‚ A\p-hmZw C√msX P\n-°p∂p

F∂pw Pcm-\c _m[n®v acn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw A\p-

-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬, B Xncn-®-dn-hn\pw A\p- -h-Øn\pw Hcn-

°epw acn-°mXncn-°m\pw P\n-°m-Xn-cn-°m\pw Ign-bn-√m-sb∂pw a\-

n-em-°m≥ kmam\y _p≤n -am{Xw aXn.

t_m[w tIhebmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. AXn\v k¶¬∏n®v {àn-°p-

hm-\p≈ Ign-hpap-≠v. {àn-®m¬ B \nanjw {à-h-kvXp-°-sf-sb√mw

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°pw. B tXm∂-en\p ImcWw {àw hnIm-

cm-\p-`hw BIp∂Xp sIm≠pw A\p-`hw cmk bmYm¿∞y-am-

sW∂Xp sIm≠pam-Wv. Adnhpw A\p- -hhpw Bt]-£nI kXy-

ß-fm-Wv. Ah-bpsS ]n∂mse t]mbm¬ P\-\- -a-c-W-ßƒ kXy-am-

sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏´p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. Ah \iz-c-am-sW∂v kZm-

k-abhpw a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂m¬ t_m[w k¶¬∏-ß-sfm-

gn™v AYhm {àØn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂v ip≤-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p. As√-

¶n¬ AXv F∂pw P\n-°p∂p, acn-°p∂p F∂v {àn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v108 kz]v\-Øn¬ F¥pw ImWmw F¥pw A\p- -hn°mw, Pm{K-

Ønse Nn¥-Ifpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-amWv Ah-sb-√mw. Pm{K-Øn¬ \mw

acn-°p∂p F∂-dn-bp-∂p. AXmWv \mw kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp-∂Xpw

A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xpw. kz]v\-Ønse acWw I≠v \mw Ic-bp-Ibpw

`b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøm-dp≠v ImcWw kz]v\w ImWp-tºmƒ AXv

bmYm¿∞yw Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ DW¿∂p Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv \mw

a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv kz]v\-Ønse acWw tXm∂-em-bn-cp∂p F∂v.

AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW¿∂m¬ tZlw

\ne-\n¬s° Xs∂ \ap°v acWw C√ F∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-

bpw. \mw tIhe bmYm¿∞y-amb t_m[-am-Wv, tZlw A√ F∂v

A\p- -hn-°pw. Xmgv∂ t_m[-X-e-Ønse acWw Db¿∂ t_m[-X-

e-Øn¬ bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v Pm{K-Øn-sebpw kz]v\-Øn-sebpw

t_m[-X-e-ßƒ sXfnhp \¬Ip∂p. At∏mƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw Pm{KXv

F∂ t_m[-X-e-Ønse acWw Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬

bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡-am-Wv. ac-WsØ AXn-Po-

hn-°m≥ acn-°p∂p F∂v A\p- -h-ap≈ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂v

AXn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v acn-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº

DW¿∂m¬ aXn.

Hcp t_m[XeØnse acWw F∂Xv ‘ Hcp P∑-Øn¬’ (kz]v\-

Øn¬) \n∂pw ‘as‰mcp P∑-Øn-te-°p≈’ (as‰mcp kz]v\-Øn-te-

°p≈) bm{X-bm-Wv. acW ka-bØv \mw Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn-e√ \ne-

\n¬°p-∂Xv, {àm-h-ÿ-bn-em-sW∂v Hm¿°-Ww. ac-W-sa∂ {àm-

\p- hw kXy-sa∂v A\p- -h-s∏- m¬ P\-\-sa∂ {àm-\p- hw ho≠pw

D≠m-Ipw. CXns\ ]p\¿P-∑-sa∂v hnfn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ac-W-sa∂

{àm-\p-`hw \jvS-s∏´v AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ AYhm

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-Øn-te-°p-W¿∂m¬ ]n∂oSv {à-amb tZl-

Øn¬ P\n-°p-hm≥ km≤y-a-√. AXm-W-Xns‚ bp‡nbpw kXy-

hpw. CsXmcp hnizm-k-a√ adn®v bmYm¿∞y-amsW∂v a\- n-em-°p-

I, kwi-b-ap-s≠-¶n¬ ]co-£n-®p-t\m-°mw.

Xm≥ D≠m--°nb kºØpw Xm≥ A\p-`-hn® kpJhpw

kt¥mjhw C\n A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂ Adn-hmWv ac-W-

Øn\v sXm´papºv \jvS-t_m[w D≠m-°p-∂-Xv. hy‡n-t_m[w tZl-

Øns‚ hmk-\Ifpw _p≤nbpw Ignhpw kma¿∞yhpw F√mw Xt‚-

sX∂v [cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ tZl-Øns‚ acWw Ch-bpsS F√mw Ah-

km-\-am-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂p. hmk-\-Iƒ°pw Ah-bpsS A\p- -h-

ßƒ°pw km£n-bm-Ip-tºmƒ (hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a- -hn-Im-c-ßƒ°v km£n-

109bm-Ip-tºmƒ) A\p- -h-ßƒ Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂ A\p- hw

D≠m-Ipw. tNºn-e-bn¬ sh≈w F∂ t]mse t_m[w tZl-Øn¬

\n∂v hn´p \n¬°p∂ A\p- hw D≠mIpw. Cu A\p- -h-amWv tZlw

acn-®mepw hy‡n-t_m[w acn-°p-I-bn√ F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hv.

60. in:˛ tZlw \ne-\n¬s° AssZz-X-sa∂ {àm-\p-`hw

Xm¬°m-en-I-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Rm\pw tZlhpw cs≠∂v XpS¿®-bmbn A-\p-`-

hn°m≥ tZl-Ønepw a\- nepw tImUv sNbvXp h®n-cn-°p∂ hmk-

\-Iƒ A\phZn-°p-I-bn-√. D]m-[n-Iƒ C√mØ i‡-amb {i≤bpw

Hm¿Ωbpw kq-£v-a-Xbpw Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xsa ap‡\v t]mepw

AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬ ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

AssZz-Xm-\p- hw km[-\-Iƒ sIm≠pw X\n-sbbpw [mcmfw

Bfp-Iƒ°v e`n-°m-dp-≠v. X\n-sbtbm A√m-sXtbm hmk-\-Iƒ

{]h¿Øn-°mXncn-°p∂ \nan-j-ßƒ BWv Ch. F∂m¬ CXmWv

Xs‚ ÿmbn-bmb Ahÿ F∂v Xncn-®-dnbm≥ Bcpw Iq´m-°p-

I-bn-√. ImcWw Pm{K-Øn¬ hmk-\-Iƒ kml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠v

X\nsb {]h¿Øn-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv krjvSn-I¿Ωw \S-∂n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v AXv Rm\m-sW∂pw Fs‚-Xm-sW∂pw

kZm-k-abw F√m-h¿°pw A\p- -h-s∏´p sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw A\p- -hn-°p∂ \nan-j-ß-fn¬ F√m-

hcpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬

AXv AssZz-Xm-\p- hw BsW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Pm{K-

Øn¬ DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ `qcn-`mKw ka-bhpw a\ v hnIm-c-ßƒ

sIm≠v {]I-º\w sIm≈p-∂-Xn-\m¬ kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw ss\an-

jn-I-ambn F√m-h¿°pw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXm-bXv hnIm-c-ß-

fmWv AssZz-Xm-\p- -hsØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂-sX∂v sXfn-bp-∂p. AXn-

\m¬ {àw ss\an-jn-Ihpw {à hnImcw ÿmbn-bp-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-

∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ C√ F∂v A\p- -hn-°p-

∂-Xns\ ]c-am-\μ kpJw F∂pw tam£m-\p- hw F∂pw hnfn-®-Xv.

am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-a-√m-ØXv F¥mtWm AXmWv i‡-amb

bmYm¿∞yw AYhm kXyw. Cu bmYm¿∞y-sØ-bmWv tIhe

bmYm¿∞yw (absolute reality) AYhm D]m-[n-I-fn-√mØ bmYm¿∞yw

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw C√ F∂ \n w-K-X-bpsS

A\p- -h-amWv G‰hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSn-b-Xv. Cu A\p- -hsØ

kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Hcp ]Z-Øn\v Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v110bmYm¿∞yØn\v \mem-asØ F∂v A¿∞w hcp∂ Xpcobw F∂

t]cp \¬In-b-Xv. Cu bmYm¿∞ysØ t_m[w, ssZhw, kXyw

Fs∂√mw hnfn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. am‰-Øn\v hnt[b-am-Ip∂ A\p- -

h-ß-sf-bmWv {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à A\p- -h-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

t]cp sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°m\pw A\p- -h-am-Im\pw Ign-bmØ

Cu tIhe bmYm¿∞ysØ k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v ÿe- -Ime--ß-

fn¬ Du¿÷hpw ]Zm¿∞hpw Poh\pw _p≤nbpw -JWvV˛N-e-\- -

hn-Im-c-ßfpw B°n {àn-∏n-®-t∏m-gmWv Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y A\p-

-h-ß-fpsS Hcp {]]-©hpw Poh\pw krjvSn-°-s∏- -Xv. Aßns\

tIhe bmYm¿∞ysØ Bt]-£nIXbpsS cmk-bm-Ym¿∞y-am°n

am‰n.

{àw˛hn-{àw˛aXn{àw F∂o aq∂v Xcw hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v

aq∂v Xcw t_m[-X-esØ krjvSn®v AXn¬ aq∂v Xcw Bt]-£n-

I bmYm¿∞y-ßsf A\p- -h-am-°n. Ah-bn¬ aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ßsf

Hgn®v a‰v c≠v Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞yßsf imkv{Xw t]mepw

kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn-®p.

hnIm-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ tIh-e- bm-Ym¿∞ysØ At\-Im-bn-cw

Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y-ß-fm°n am‰n. Ah-bn¬ aXn-{ -am-\p- -hßƒ

\¬Inb IpWvU-en\n t]mep≈ km¶¬∏nI Du¿÷m\p -h-ßƒ

ssZhoI i‡n-bm-sW∂pw Ahsb ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v tam£w t\Sm-

sa∂p t]mepw ]d™v ]c-Øn. Cu hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ kXy-Øn¬

\ne-\n¬°p-∂-h-bmtWm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ AXns‚ t{kmX-

n-te°v t\m°n-bm¬ am{Xw aXn. Aßns\ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ H-cm-

flob coXntbm imkv{Xob coXntbm a\p-jy¿ hnI-kn-∏n-®n√ F∂-

XmWv G‰hpw B›-cy-I-c-amb Imcyw.

tIhe bmYm¿∞yw {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{àw sIm≠v Bt]-£nI

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmbn amdn-b-t∏mƒ G‰hpw i‡-amb A\p- hw, IqSp-

X¬ bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. AXn¬ imco-

cnI thZ-\-sb∂ {àm-\p- -h-amWv G‰hpw i‡-hpw imkv{Xo-bhp-

amb bmYm¿∞yw. AXn-\m¬ \s√mcp hn`mKw B[p-\nI imkv{X-

⁄cpw imkv{XsØ hniz-kn-®-hcpw ssZhsØ AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-

h-cpambn amdn.

ssZhw Xs∂, Xm≥ ssZhw A√ F∂v ]d-bp∂ Ah-ÿ.

As√-¶n¬ Du¿÷hpw ]Zm¿∞hpw Xm\p-amWv bYm¿∞Øn¬

D≈Xv F∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ. Bt]-£nI A\p-`-h-ßƒ

111kXy-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-®m¬ kXyw ]e-Xm-sW∂v {àn-°pw. ùXnI-

-B-flob imkv{X-ß-fn¬ \mw C∂p ImWp∂ F√m Bib Ipg-

∏-ßƒ°pw kwi-b-ßƒ°pw ImcWw kXysØ F√m-hcpw ]e-

Xmbn A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂Xm-Wv.

A\p- -h-ßƒ h∂m¬ bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ {]Xy-

£-s∏-Spw. Imcy-Im-c-W-ß-sf√mw \iz-c-am-sW∂ Imcyw \mw

hnkvacn°pw. \iz-c-amb Imcy-Im-c-Wß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂

bmYm¿∞yw, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-h-b√ F∂v F√m-hcpw

ad∂p t]mIpw. Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ t]mbm¬ A\p- -h-ßƒ C√m-

Xm-Ipw. A\p-`-h-ßƒ C√m-Xm-bm¬ tijn-°p-∂Xv F¥mtWm

AXmWv tIhe bmYm¿∞yw F∂ tam£m\p- -hw. AXv KmV-

\n{Z t]mse-bp≈ At_m-[m-hÿ A-√. F∂m¬ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-

ßƒ t]msesbm imco-cn-Im-\p- -h-ßƒ t]msesbm D≈ Hc-\p- -

hhpw A-√. AXv F¥m-sW∂v \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw kzbw A\p-

-hn®v Adn-b-Ww. At∏mƒ ssZhw i‡n-bm-sW∂pw Du¿÷-am-

sW∂pw c£-I-\m-sW∂pw in£-I-\m-sW∂pw H∂pw \ap°v ]d-

bm≥ Ign-bm-Xm-Ipw. ssZhw i‡nbpw krjvSn-I¿Øm-hp-am-sW∂v

Rm\pw Hcp ImeØv hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

61. in:-˛ B[p-\nI imkv{X-⁄cn¬ ]ecpw, ⁄m\n-Ifpw

IpWvU-en\n i‡n t]mep≈ ]e \nKqV i‡n-Ifpw A\p- -h-am-

sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw tImSn-°-W-°n\v cq]-bpsS _nkn-\ v

AXp-aqew temIØv \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. `mc-X-Ønse tbmKm-

im-kv{X-ß-fmWv IpWvU-en-\nsb ]e t]cp-I-fn¬ temIØv {]N-

cn-∏n-®-Xv. t_mt[m-Zbw {]m]n-°m\pw ssZhsØ A\p -hn-°m\pw

ssZh-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm\pw Cu i‡n-Ifn-eqsS Ign-bp-sa∂pw ]d-

bp∂p, AXv icn-bm-tWm?

amÃ¿˛ IpWvU-en\n i‡n-bpsS \n¿Δ-N-\-Øn¬ Xs∂

AXns‚ DØ-c-ap-≠v. k¶¬∏n-®p-≠m-°nb Hcp Du¿÷m-\p-`-h-

amWv IpWvU-en\n i‡n F∂mWv \n¿Δ-N-\w. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

{]K-¤-cmb ]e a\-x»m-kv{X-⁄cpw IpWvU-en\n i‡nsb

kvIotkm-t{ -\n-b°p Xpey-amb A\p- -h-sa∂v ]d-™-Xv.

aXn-{ -am-\p- hw GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bmepw AsXm-cn-°epw

{àm-\p-`-h-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-Øn\v Xpey-am-Ip-I-bn-√. GXv

k¶¬∏hpw AXns‚ Bflm¿∞-X-bv°-\p-k-cn®v {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v112{à hnIm-c-m-\p- -h-am-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXv t_m[-Øns‚ Ignhp

Xs∂-bm-Wv. A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v A\p- -hn-°m-hp∂

Hcp {]]-©hpw tImSm-\p-tImSn hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw t]mepw {à-

Øn-eqsS D≠m°n ImWn-°m≥ t_m[-Øn\v Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ hn{ -a-

-a-Xn-{à A\p- -h-ß-fmb IpWvU-en\n i‡nIƒ t]mep≈ \nKqV

i‡n-Iƒ D≠m°n ImWn-°m≥ F{Xtbm \n m-c-am-Wv.

\nKqV-i‡n Fs∂mcp i‡n C√. Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ°v AXo-

X-ambn A\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-tºm-gmWv AXv \nKqV i‡n-bn¬

\n∂v D≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. imkv{Xw \n¿Δ-Nn® \mev ASn-

ÿm\ i‡nIfn¬s∏SmØ i‡nI-fpsS A\p`ham-bXp

sIm≠mWv AXv \nKq-V-am-b-Xv. hy‡n-Iƒ tXmdpw hyXy-kvX-ambn

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu i‡nsb imkv{Xo-b-am-°m\pw km≤y-

a-√. AXp-sIm≠v CØcw i‡n-I-fpsS A\p- -hsØ aXn-{à A\p-

-h-sa∂v t_m[-imkv{Xw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. hnizmkßƒ sIm≠v am{Xw

{]h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂p tXm∂p∂ i‡n-Iƒ BWv CXv.

62. in:˛ {àm-\p-`-hhpw kz]v\hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-khpw

kmayhpw Fs¥-√mamWv?

amÃ¿:˛ D≠mbn \ne-\n∂p ad-bp∂p F∂ A\p- -h-sØ {àw

F∂pw C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂ A\p- -h-sØ- kz]v\w F∂pw ]d-bp-

∂p. CXmWv Ch XΩn-ep≈ H∂m-asØ hyXym-kw.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v {à-Øn-te°v (Pm{KXv) DW-cptºmƒ

kz]v\w Hm¿Ωn°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw kz]v\Øn-te°v

DW-cptºmƒ Pm{K-Øns\ Hm¿Ωn°m≥ Ign-bn-√. CXmWv {àhpw

kz]v\hpw XΩn-ep≈ c≠m-asØ hyXym-kw.

Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bmb {à-Øn¬ bm-Ym¿∞ym-\p-`-hhpw

hy‡-Xbpw IqSp-X-em-Wv. am{X-a√ A\p-`-h-ßƒ°v XpS¿®bpw

kab t_m[hpw D≠v. AXn-\m¬ Hcp hy‡n-t_m[w F√m-h¿°pw

A\p- -h-s∏Spw. F∂m¬ Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bmb kz]v\-Øn¬

bmYm¿∞ym-\p- -hhpw hy‡-Xbpw {àm-\p- -h-tØmfw hcm-Ø-Xn-

\m¬ hy‡n-t_m[w A\p- -h-s∏Sp-I-bn-√. am{X-a√ A\p- -h-ßƒ°v

XpS¿®-bp-an-√,k-a-b-t_m[w Ipd-hp-amWv. CXmWv aq∂m-asØ

hyXym-kw. _m°n-bp≈ F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw {àhpw kz]v\hpw H∂p-

X-s∂-bm-Wv.

113{`ahpw kz]v\hpw A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. A\p- -h-ß-fpsS Xo{h-Xbpw

GI-tZiw Xpey-am-Wv. c≠-\p- -h-ßfpw ÿe- -Im-e-ß-fn-em-Wv.

Pm{KXv F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v kz]v\-sa∂

Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ Pm{KXv bmYm¿∞y-a-

√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw Pm{K-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-

tºmƒ kz]v\w bmYm¿∞y-a-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p.

Pm{K-Ønse IÆv AS-®p-]n-Sn-°p-tºm-gmWv kz]v\w ImWp-∂-

sX-¶nepw kz]v\-Øn¬ as‰mcp IÆv D≈-Xmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂v Pm{K-Ønse IÆp sIm≠p \mw ImWp-

tºmƒ kz]v\-Ønse IÆv C√m-Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂v \mw a\- nem-

°p-∂p. Cßs\ kz]v\m-\p-`-h-Ønse F√m A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw

Pm{KXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kz]v\-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Pm{K-

Ønse tZl-sØ-°p-dnt®m ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-sf-°p-dnt®m hy‡n-t_m-

[-sØ-°p-dnt®m bmsXm-c-dnhpw D≈-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. A\p- -h-ßƒ°v

tZl-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw Bh-iy-an√ F∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.

Hcp kz]v\m-\p- -h-Ønse PohnX ssZ¿Lyw Hcp cm{Xn-bm-sW-

¶n¬ Pm{K-Ønse PohnX ssZ¿Lyw P\\w apX¬ ac-Ww-h-sc-bm-

Wv. Hmtcm cm{Xn-bn-sebpw kz]v\-ßƒ XpS¿®-b-√m-ØXp t]mse

Pm{K-Ønse Hmtcm Pohn-Xhpw hyXykvX tZl-ß-fn¬ hyXy-kvX-

ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. CXns\ ]p\¿P-∑-sa∂v hnfn-°m≥ km≤y-a-

√. kz]v\-Øn¬ P\n-°p∂p acn-°p∂p F∂v kz]v\w I≠mepw

DW-cp-tºmƒ AXm-bXv kz]v\-tØ-°mƒ Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬

FØp-tºmƒ P\-\- -a-c-W-ßsf \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Pm{KXv

F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂v AXn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂ Xpcobw F∂

t_m[Xe-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-tºmƒ Pm{K-Ønse P\-\- -a-c-Whpw C√m-

Ø-sX∂v \ntj-[n-t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw.

63. in:˛ kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v Pm{K-Øn-te°v X\nsb DW-cp-∂-

Xp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v X\nsb F¥p-sIm-

≠mWv DW-cm≥ Ignbm-Ø-Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Hmtcm cm{Xnbpw hyXykvX kz]v\-ß-fn-te°v \mw

X\nsb DW-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ Pm{K-Ønepw \mw Hmtcm P∑-

ß-fn-te°v X\n-sb DW-cp-∂p-≠v. kz]v\w XpS-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse \mw

Pm{KØpw XpS-cp-∂p, F∂m¬ Pm{K-Øn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂ t_m[m-

h-ÿ-bmb Xpco-b-Øn-te°v Aßns\ X\nsb DW-cm≥ km≤y-a√.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v114ImcWw 1. -{`aw F∂ Pm{KXv C√mØXv D≠v F∂ tXm∂-

ens‚ A\p- -h-a√ adn®v A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v D≈Xv

F∂-dn-bp-∂h D≠mbn \ne-\n∂v ad-bp∂p F∂pw AXn¬ ZpxJhpw

thZ-\bpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-ap≈ bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb A\p-

`-h-am-Wv. CXv kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ t_m[w CXn-t\-°mƒ

bmYm¿∞yw IqSnbXpw ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw C√mØXpamb Hcp

t_m[-Xew D≠v F∂v hniz-kn-°p-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬ AXn-te-°p-

b-cm≥ {ian-°p-I-bp-an-√.

2. -kz -]v\hpw kpjp-]vXnbpw Pm{KØn¬ ‘Rm≥ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p’ F∂ A\p- -hsØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Bh-iy-amb anÃnIv

Du¿÷w tiJ-cn-°p-∂ Xm¬°m-enI t_m[m-h-ÿ-bm-Wv.

GI-tZiw F´v aWn-°q¿ sIm≠v Cu Du¿÷w ico-c-Øn¬

\nd-bp-∂-Xn-\m¬ t_m[w Pm{K-Øn-te°v X\nsb DW-cp-∂p. I¿Ωw

sNøm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ Pothm¿÷w Ipd-bp-∂Xv sIm≠√ \mw

Dd-ßnt∏mIp-∂-Xv, adn®v 16 aWn-°q¿ sIm≠v anÃnIv Du¿÷w

C√m-Xm-Ip-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv. cm{Xnbnepw \mw `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-

Xn-\m¬ tZl-Øn\v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb Du¿÷w AXv

DXv∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. -F-∂m¬ `£Ww sIm≠v DXv∏m-Zn-∏n-°m≥

Ign-bmØ Hcp Du¿÷w a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-am-sW∂v Dd°w sXfn-

bn-°p-∂p. Dd-ßp-tºmgpw tZlØnse B¥cnI Ah-b-h-ßƒ

I¿tΩm-∑p-J-amWv F∂m¬ ‘Rm≥’ F∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

AYhm \nco-£-I≥ F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Du¿÷w C√m-Xm-

Ip-∂Xp sIm≠mWv Dd-°Øn¬ ‘Rm≥’ \jvS-s∏´p t]mIp-∂-Xv.

A⁄m-X-amb GtXm Hcp t{kmX- n¬ \n∂v hcp∂p F∂v

tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂Xp sIm≠pw Hcp t]cv \¬Im≥ Ign-bm-ØXp

sIm≠p-amWv AXns\ anÃnIv Du¿÷w F∂v hnfn-®-Xv.

\n{Z-bn¬ \n∂pw kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cm≥ anÃnIv

Du¿÷w Bh-iy-am-bXp t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-

te°v DW-cm\pw CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. CXv tiJ-cn-°m-\p≈ am¿§w Pm{K-

Øn¬ DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ _p≤n°v Adn-bn-√. AXn\p ]Icw hnIm-

c-ßƒ sIm≠v Cu Du¿÷sØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. am{X-

a√ `uXnI Du¿÷hpw i‡nbpw bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p∂

Pm{K-Ønse t_m[w, Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂p-W-cm≥ Iq´m-°p-I-bn-√.

ImcWw Du¿÷hpw i‡nbpw ]Zm¿∞hpw Poh\pw ssZh-Øn¬

115\n∂p-≠mb bYm¿∞ krjvSn-bm-sW∂v ska-‰nIv aX°m¿

hnizkn°p-∂p. t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s∏´ {_“-sa∂ Poh-i-

‡n-bmWv {]]-©-ambpw Poh-\mbpw amdn-b-sX-∂mWv thZm-¥n-Ifpw

hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hnizm-k-ß-sf√mw C√m-Xm-bmse Pm{K-Øn¬

\n∂v DW-cm≥ Bh-iy-amb anÃnIv Du¿÷w tiJ-cn-°m≥ F√m-

hcpw Xøm-dm-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

{]]-©sØbpw Poh-s\bpw ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n-bmbpw Awi-

ambpw {]Xn-cq-]-ambpw I≠m¬, Pm{K-Øn-t\-°mƒ bmYm¿∞yw

IqSnb as‰mcp t_m[m-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°m≥ Hcp aX-

hn-izm-kn°pw km≤y-a√mXmIpw.

ÿe- -Ime Du¿÷-ßƒ Bt]-£n-Ihpw AXp sIm≠v Xs∂

Ah \iz-chp-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-®n´p t]mepw ùXn-I -im-kv{Xm-

⁄¿ AXns‚ Dd-hnSw At\z-jn®p sIm≠ncn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \iz-c-

Xbv°v Hcp Dd-hnSw D≠m-IpI km≤y-a√ F∂v Ah¿°v Nn¥n-

°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. \iz-c-X-bpsS Dd-hnSw kz¥w t_m[-a-WvV-e-a-

√msX as‰¥v BIm-\mWv km≤yX? kz¥w t_m[-a-WvV-esØ

Ah-K-Wn-°Ø° coXn-bn¬ Xo{h-amWv {à-˛-hn-{`-a-˛-a-Xn{à hnIm-

cm-\p- -h-ßfpsS i‡n.

tZl-an-√msX ‘Rm≥’ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ G‰hpw i‡n

IqSnb bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ t_m[-a-WvV-e-amWv Xpco-bw. tZl-

Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬‘Rm≥’ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ Bt]-£nI

A\p- -h-Øns‚ t_m[-a-WvV-e-amWv Pm{K-Xv. t_m[w tZl-Ønse

A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fn-eqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ ImWp∂ {]]-©hpw

kz¥w tZlhpw Xs‚ k¶¬∏-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw AXns‚ sXfn-

hmWv AhbpsS \iz-c-X-sb∂pw ad∂p t]mIp-Ibpw AXp-sIm≠v

Xs∂ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bmsX tZl-sØbpw {]]-©-sØbpw

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ ad-

°m\pw sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-hm\pw ImcWw Xpcobw F∂ GI t_m[-

XesØ {àw- -hn-{ -aw- -a-Xn-{àw F∂o aq∂v Bt]-£nI t_m[-X-e-

ß-fmbn hnL-Sn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv.

Bt]-£n-I-amb Cu t_m[ Xe-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°-W-sa-¶n¬ ico-

csØ \ne-\n¿Øp∂ ùXnI Du¿÷w (Blm-cw, Pew, hmbp

F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ Du¿÷w) IqSmsX akvXn-jv°-tØmSv

t_m[sØ _‘n-∏n-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb Hcp anÃnIv Du¿÷w IqSn


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v116Bh-iy-am-Wv. Cu Du¿÷-amWv DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ tZlw Hcp \nco-

£-I-\msW∂pw AXns\mcp t]cpw A{U pw Ds≠∂pw A\p- -

h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. t_m[w sI´v hogp-∂Xpw {`m¥mbn t]mIp∂Xpw

Cu Du¿÷w \jvSs∏´p t]mIp-∂Xp sIm≠m-sW∂v sXfn-bp-

∂p. anÃnIv Du¿÷w Cs√-¶nepw Poh≥ At\I h¿jw \ne-

\n¬°pw, Blm-chpw Pehpw hmbphpw am{Xw \¬In-bm¬ aXn.

kz]v\w \n{Z F∂o t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v t_m[w X\nsb

Xmgp∂Xv Pm{K-Øn¬ DW¿∂n-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb anÃnIv

Du¿÷w tiJ-cn-°m-\m-Wv. GI-tZiw F´v aWn-°q¿ sIm≠v Cu

Du¿÷w \nd-bp-Ibpw Pm{K-Øn-te°v X\nsb DW-cp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Poh\v Nen-°m≥ Cu Du¿÷w Bh-iy-an√ F∂v {`m¥s\

{i≤n-®m¬ a\- n-emIpw

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpcob Ah-ÿ-bnse t_m[-Øn-te°v DW-

cm≥ Cu anÃnIv Du¿÷w IqSp-X-embn D≠m-I-Ww. CXv IqSp-X-

embn D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXp sIm≠mWv B¿°pw Pm{K-Øn¬

\n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v X\nsb DW-cm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xv. kz]v\-

Ønepw \n{Z-bnepw Cu Du¿÷w X\nsb D≠m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse

Pm{K-Øn¬ X\nsb D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. ImcWw \iz-c-amb hkvXp-

°-fpw Poh\pw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂pw Ahsb kz¥-am-°-W-sa∂v

B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ kzm¿∞X Cu anÃnIv

Du¿÷sØ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Db-cm≥ kΩ-Xn-°msX \in-∏n®p

Ifbp∂p.- \-iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p-

-hn-°p-Ibpw Ahsb t\S-W-sa∂ kzm¿∞X \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ anÃnIv Du¿÷w X\nsb Db-cp-Ibpw Pm{KXv F∂

Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v Xpcobw F∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-

Øn-te°v X\nsb DW-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v D≠m-

°p∂ IpWvU-en\n Du¿÷w AYhm AXo-{μnb Du¿÷w t]mse

Xs∂ k¶¬∏ßƒ sIm≠v D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp Du¿÷-

amWv anÃnIv Du¿÷hpw. BZy-tØXv s\K-‰ohpw c≠m-a-tØXv

s]mkn-‰ohpw BsW∂ hyXymkw am-{X-sa-bp-≈p.

A≤ymbw ]{¥≠v

kz¥w Aÿn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w

At\z-jn-°p-∂-hs‚ Db¿®

64. in:˛ tZl-amWv A\p- -h-Øns‚ am≤ya-sa-¶nepw t_m[-

amWv A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv F∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ F\n°v Ign-™n- p≠v.

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n-t_m-[-

Øns‚ A\p-`hw F¥m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v F\n°v Adn-bn-√. AXv

Aß-sb-t∏mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Pohn-®n-cns° D-W¿∂ Hcmƒs°

Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. CsXm∂v hy‡-am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ \mev t_m[-X-e-ß-fn¬ Pm{K-Ønepw kz]v\-Ønepw

am{X sa A\p- -h-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xmbn F√m-h¿°pw tXm∂p-

∂p-≈p. \n{Z-bn¬ A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw C√ F∂XmWv F√m-h-cp-

sSbpw A\p-`-hw. Xpco-bamWv Pm{K-Øn-t\-°mfpw kz]v\t-

Ø°mfpw G‰hpw i‡-amb bmYm¿∞ym\p -`hw. tZlw

\ne\n¬s°bp≈ Xpco-bm-\p- hw AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-X-bm-

Wv. A\-iz-c-X-bpsS A\p- -h-amWv CXv.

Cu Ah-ÿ-bpsS G‰hpw henb {]tXy-IX XpS¿®-bmbn

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ ]c-am-\-μ-am-Wv. am{X-a√ \ap°m-h-iy-ap-≈-t∏mƒ

hnIm-c-ß-fnse kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw A\p-`-hn-°m-sa-∂-Xpw

ZpJsØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw C√mXm°m\pw Ign-bp-sa-∂XpamWv. tcmK-

ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw aqe-ap≈ thZ-\sb Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \nb-{¥n-

°m\pw \n¿Δo-cy-am-°m\pw Cu Ah-ÿbv°v Ign-bpw.

Pm{KXv F∂ {`am-\p- -h-Øns‚ kw -hßsf√mw \ap°v A\p-

Iq-e-am-Ip-∂-Xmbn Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc A\p- -h-s∏´p sIm≠n-

cn-°p-sa-∂-XmWv C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ Fs‚ A\p- hw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xv. Cu t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \iz-cX ad-°msX \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬

bmZr-›n-I-ambpw A√m-sXbpw D≠m-Ip∂ hcp-am-\-Øn¬ BVw-

_-c-ambpw kt¥m-j-I-c-ambpw Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂XmWv

G‰hpw henb {]tXy-I-X.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v11865. in:˛ Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØp∂ Hcmƒ°v

am\-knI ZpxJw ]q¿Æ-ambn C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂m¬ imco-

cnI thZ-\-Isf Hcp-]-cn-[n-h-sc- am-{Xsa C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-

bp≈p F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ?

amÃ¿:˛ Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ kl-P-hm-

k-\-Iƒ kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ k-Zm-k-a-bhpw {i≤-bn¬

Pohn-®m¬ am{Xsa Ah aqe-ap≈ A]-I-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tcmK-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. F∂m¬ kZm-k-a-bhpw

{i≤-bn¬ DW¿∂n-cn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv _p≤n-°n-√ AYhm Db¿∂

t_m[-Øn¬ 24 aWn-°qdpw \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ Ignhv Hcp Poh-∑p-

‡\p t]mepw C√m-Ø-Xn-\m-emWv imco-cnI thZ-\-Isf ]q¿Æ-

ambpw C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

66. in:˛ Pm{K-Øn¬ DW-cp∂ t_m[w, tZl-Øn¬ t{]m{Kmw

sNbvXp-h-®n-cn-°p∂ hmk-\-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂

{]h¿Ø-\-amWv hnIm-c-ßƒ. Cu hnIm-c-ßƒ imco-cnI thZ-\-

sb∂ bmYm¿∞y-sØ-t∏mepw IS∂v bmYm¿∞y-a-√mØ ZpxJ-ambpw

kt¥m-j-ambpw amdp-sa-∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

bmYm¿∞y-a-√mØ Hc-\p- hw sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-amb A\p- -hsØ

Fßn-s\-bmWv ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ G‰hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb A\p- -h-amWv kpJhpw

thZ-\bpw. Ch c≠pw ico-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-∂p. thZ\

Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw kpJw Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw D≈ at\m-`m-h-amWv

F√m am\-knI ZpxJ-ßƒ°pw Imc-Ww. F¥pw thW-sa∂pw

ths≠∂pw (cmKw, tZzjw) B{K-ln-°p-tºm-gmWv hnIm-c-ßƒ {]Xy-

£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. icocw thZ-\n-°p-tºmƒ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Iq´-amb

a\ v ZpxJn-°p-∂p. icocw kpJn-°p-tºmƒ a\ v kt¥m-jn-°p-

∂p.

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ico-c-Øns‚ kpJhpw thZ-\-bp-amWv ZpxJ-

Øn\pw kt¥m-j-Øn\pw Imc-W-sa∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√.

Blm-chpw Pehpw hmbphpw e`n-°mØ Ahÿ h∂m¬

AXv a\- n¬ ZpxJhpw Akz-ÿ-Xbpw D≠m-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv

hni∏p sIm≠v ico-c-Øns‚ kpJw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. Imap-Is‚ t{]aw

ImapIn AwKo-I-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ Imap-I≥ \ncmi kln° hømsX Bfl-

l-Xy-sb-°p-dn®pw sIme-]m-X-IsØ°pdn®pw Nn¥n-°p-∂p. ImcWw

ImapIn \¬Ip-sa∂v {]Xo-£n® ssewKnI kpJw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p.

119a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v hni∏pw Zmlhpw ssewKn-I-Xbpw D≠m-

bm¬ AXv ZpxJ-ambn amdm-dn√ F∂pw Bfl-lXy sNøp-∂n√ F∂v

ImWp-∂Xv sIm≠pw Ahbv°v a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse hn{à˛ aXn-{à

hnIm-c-ßƒ C√ F∂v sXfn-bp-∂p.

Blm-chpw Pehpw Cs√-¶n¬ At\z-jnt®m bmNnt®m

Is≠Ømw. Hcp ImapIn t]mbm¬ as‰mcp Imap-Insb Is≠Ømw

F∂m¬ Ch-sbm∂pw km≤y-a√ F∂v a\p-jy¿ Zn\hpw sXfn-bn®p

sIm≠n-cn-°p∂p. AXm-bXv ]cn-l-cn-°mhp∂ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw

]cn-l-cn-°msX ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw \ncm-i-bp-sSbpw hnIm-c-ßƒ

sIm≠v a\p-jy≥ kz¥w Poh-s\bpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Poh-s\bpw

\in-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv bYm¿∞-amb thZ-

\-sb-°mƒ bYm¿∞-a-√mØ hnIm-c-m\p`hß-fmWv i‡-sa∂v ]d-

tb≠n h∂-Xv.

67. in:˛ t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-K-Xsb hy‡n-t_m[w {à- -hn-{ -

a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fmbn hn -Pn-°p-∂-sX-ßn-s\-sb∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-

°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfpw _p≤nbpw Ah-t_m-[hpw

sIm≠v kz¿ÆØn-s‚bpw Icn-°- -bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm\ IW-ßƒ

H∂m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv {àm-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. Ah-bn¬ kz¿Æw X\n°v thW-sa∂pw AXn\v ]Icw Icn-

°´ X\n°v kzoIm-cy-a√ F∂v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ {àm-\p- hw, {à-hn-

Im-cm-\p- -h-ambn hkvXp-°sf c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°p-∂p (AXm-

bXv hne-]n-Sn-∏p-≈Xpw hne ]nSn-∏n-√m-Ø-Xpw AYhm wKn-bp-≈Xpw

`wKn C√m-ØXpw). Cßs\ hy‡n-t_m[w t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-K-

Xsb {àw sIm≠v c≠mbn hnL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Hcp kpμ-cn-bmb kv{Xosb ImWp-tºmƒ a\ n\p-≠m-Ip∂

kt¥mj-hpw B kv{Xosb e`n°msX hcp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ ZpxJm-

\p-`-hhpw hn{`-a-hn-Im-cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ°v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ChnsS

hy‡n-t_m[w t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-K-Xsb kt¥mj- -Zpx-J-ß-fmbn

{àw sIm≠v hn -Pn-°p-∂p.

{]]-©-sØbpw Poh-s\bpw a\p-jy-s\bpw krjvSn-®Xv X\n°v

]pdØp \n¬°p∂ Hcp ssZhoI i‡n-bm-sW∂pw B i‡n°v

kz¥w Aÿn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-°p-∂-hs‚ Db¿®

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v120kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw kº-∂-Xbpw Xcm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v hniz-

kn-°pIbpw; F∂m¬ Xs∂ ZpxJn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thZ\n∏n-°p-Ibpw

Zcn{Zam°p-Ibpw `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ as‰mcp i‡n

Ds≠∂v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -h-sØ-

bmWv aXn-{ -am-\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ChnsS hy‡n-t_m[w,

t_m[sØ {àw sIm≠v c≠v FXn-¿ hnizmkßfmbn hn -Pn-°p∂p.

Cu hnizm-k-ßƒ hnIm-c-ß-fmbn amdp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv Bflo-bX,

B`n-Nm-c-ßƒ Fs∂√mw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

68. in:˛ Aßp km£m¬ ]c-{_“w Xs∂. Kpcp km£m¬

]c-{_“w F∂ thZm¥hmIyw kXyw Xs∂.

amÃ¿:˛ Rm≥ Bcp-sSbpw Kpcp-hpw c£-I-\pa√. shdpw

A-≤ym-]-I-\m-Wv. kq£va- \nco-£Ww sIm≠v AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚

A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°pI am{Xsa sNbvXn- p-≈p. kmam\y

_p≤n-bp≈ B¿°pw CXp Ign-bpw. Rm≥ \S-Ønb kq£va \nco-

£Ww Fßns\ Bbn-cp∂p F∂mWv ‘t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn\v Hcp

]mT-]p-kvXIw’ F∂ IrXn-bn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXv ]Tn-°p-

Ibpw a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ B¿°pw kq£vaX

e`n-°p-Ibpw Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-sa∂ tam£m-h-

ÿ-bmb AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-sa∂ t_m[Ønte°v DW-cm≥

Ign-bpIbpw sNøpw.

69. in:˛ Aßv Hcp km[m-cW A≤ym-]-I-\-√. A≤ym-]-I≥

CS-\n-e-°m-c-\m-Wv. Hcmƒ Is≠-Ønb kXyw kzbw a\- n-em°n

as‰m-cmƒ°v ]d™p sImSp-°p-∂-h\mWv A≤ym-]-I≥.- A≤ym-]-

I≥ Hcn-°epw Xm≥ Adn-™-Xns\ A\p- -hn-°mt\m ]co-£-W,-

\n-co-£-W-ßƒ sIm≠v Dd∏p hcp-Ømt\m {ian-°p-I-bn-√. \ne-

\n¬∏ns‚ Blm-c-Øn\pw hkvXp-h-l-Iƒ°pw th≠n-bmWv

A≤ym-]-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. At\-I- h¿jw Rm≥ \S-Ønb AkvXn-

Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Kth-jW ]T-\-ßƒ°p-t]mepw \¬Im≥ Ign-

bm-Xn-cp∂ Cu kXy-ßƒ Imcy-ambn Hcp Kth-j-Whpw \S-Øm-Xn-

cp∂ Atß-bvs°-ßns\ e`n®p?

amÃ¿:˛ Xpcobw F∂ AJ-WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- wKamb t_m[w

Dd-ßp-Ibpw Pm{K-Xv F∂ {à-Øn-te°v DW-cp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ

Xpco-bm-hÿ Xmgv∂v, JWvV- -N-e-\- -hn-Im-c-ßƒ D≠m-Ip∂p F∂v

tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ t_m[w {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à A\p- -h-ß-

fmbn amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.

121Ah-t_m-[hpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw sIm≠p Xs∂ CsXmcp

{àm-\p- -h-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw, Xncn®v Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-

cm\pw Ign-bpw.

F∂m¬ {àm-\p- -hw AYhm \iz-c-Xm-\p- hw, {à˛hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-

{`-a-˛-hn-Im-c-ß-fmbn amdn-bm¬ Ah-t_m-[-sØbpw {i≤-tbbpw

hy‡n-t_m[w Xs‚ kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈

_p≤n-°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Aßns\ t_m[w Db-tc-≠-Xn\v

]Icw ho≠pw Xmgp-Ibpw \iz-c-Xsb kXyw F∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ _p≤n h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu kXyw a\- n-em°n Ah -

t_m-[-sØbpw {i≤-sbbpw kz¥w AkvXn-XzØns‚ \iz-c-Xsb-

ad-°msX \ne-\n¿Ønbm¬ anÃnIv Du¿÷w h¿≤n®v Pm{KXv F∂

t_m[-Xe-Øn¬ \n∂pw kmh-[m\w Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[XeØn-

te°v Dbcp-∂p.

At\z-j-Whpw KthjWhpw Xs∂ Hgn®v a‰p-≈-h-bn¬

Bb-ncp∂Xn-\mepw At\z-jW hnjbw \iz-c-am-sW∂v ad-∂Xp

sIm≠pamWv \n\°v Cu kXyßƒ shfn-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.

70. in:˛ a\p-jy\v am{XamWv Ak-l-\o-b-amb am\-knI imco-

cnI thZ-\-Iƒ D≈Xv F∂Xp sIm≠mWv tIhe bmYm¿∞y-sa∂

tam£w t\Sp-∂-XmWv a\p-jys‚ e£y-sa∂v Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚

ASn-ÿm\w.

Cu thZ-\-Isf C√m-Xm-°m≥ icn-bmb am¿§w D]-tbm-Kn-

°msX sX‰mb am¿§-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºm-gmWv PohnXw IqSp-

X¬ kzm¿∞X-bn-te°v \bn-°s∏Sp-∂-Xv. CØcw Hc-hÿ a‰p

Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v C√ F∂mWv Aßv sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

\ΩpsS Cu temIØv [mcmfw P¥p kvt\ln-I-fp-≠v. P¥p-

°sf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈ \nb-a-ßfpw kwLS-\-Ifpw

D≠v. a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse P¥p-°ƒ am\-knI imco-cnI thZ-\-Iƒ

A\p- -hn-°p-∂n-√- F∂v Adn-bp-∂p-sh¶n¬ P¥p-°sf D]-{Z-hn-°p-

∂Xv sX‰√ F∂v hcpw. CsXm∂v hy‡-am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ Poh≥ thZ-\-bm-Wv. Pohs\ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-

tºm-gmWv F√m Pohn-Ifpw IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Hcp D-dp-

ºn-s\-t∏mepw a\p-jy¿ t\mhn-°p-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv. ImcWw thZ-\sb


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v122am\-knI imco-cnI Xe-Øn¬ Xncn-®-dn-™-\p- -hn-°p∂ Htc Hcp

Pohn a\p-jy≥ am{X-am-Wv.

a\p-jy≥ thZ-\sb Adn-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse as‰mcp Pohnbpw thZ-

\sb Adn-bp-∂n-√. thZ\sb Adnbp-∂-hs\ thZ-\sb C√m-Xm-

°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. P¥p°ƒ°v am\-knI thZ\ C√. AXn-

\m¬ imco-cnI thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\yw Ipd-hmWv F∂Xp sIm≠v

Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂Xv \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ Bhn-√. A\p- -hn-°p∂

coXn sIm≠v thZ-\sb th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. thZ-\sb hn‰v ]W-

am-°p-∂Xv {Inan-\¬ Ip‰-ambn I≠v AXn-s\-Xnsc \nbaw D≠m-

°-Ww. AØcw t_m[w Db¿∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ arK-ßƒ kwc-£n-

°-s∏-Spw.

thZ-\-bpsS Imc-W-sØbpw {]tXy-I-X-sbbpw Ipdn®v ]Tn-

°p∂ Hcp imkv{X imJ D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\p ]Icw

thZ-\sb I®-h-S-am°n am‰n-bm¬ A¬∏-\mƒ IqSn Ign-bp-tºmƒ

a\p-jy\v `£y-tbm-Ky-amb F√m Pohn-Ifpw A\yw \n∂p t]mIp-

Ibpw temIw apgp-h\pw ]men-tb-‰ohv sk‚-dp-Iƒ sIm≠v \nd-bp-

Ibpw sNøpw. a\p-jys‚ thZ-\-bpsS hyXym-khpw Bghpw coXn-

Ifpw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp imkv{Xw \ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ F√m a\p-jycpw AXn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN-\-Øns‚ am¿§w

(tam£w)At\z-jn-°pambncp∂p. P\-kwJy C∂p-≈-Xns‚ ]Ip-Xn-

sb-¶n-ep-ambn Ipd-bp-ambncp∂p. thZ-\sb Ipd-bv°p∂ t]mwh-gn-

bmWv P\-kw-Jym-\n-b-{¥Ww F∂v a\p-jy¿°v A\p- -h-s∏-S-W-sa-

¶n¬ thZ\ F∂ {`ahpw AXns‚ Imc-Whpw Bghpw hyXym-

khpw Fs¥∂v H∂mw ¢mkv apX¬ Ip´n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ kwhn-

[m\w D≠m-I-Ww.

71. in:˛ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ B{K-l-ßsf t\Sm≥ _p≤n D]-tbm-

Kn-°msX ‘Rm≥ Bcv ’ F∂-t\z-jn-°m≥ ]pd-s∏- m¬ PohnXw

XI¿∂p t]mIp-I-bns√?

amÃ¿:˛ XI-cmXncn-°p∂ F-s¥-¶nepw Ds≠-¶n-et√ XIcptam

F∂v Nn¥n®v hnj-an-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p?

\izc-X-sb-°mƒ henb- XI¿® F¥mWv ? ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw

A¬∏w kt¥m-j-hp-amWv \iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v tXm∂n-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B bmYm¿∞y t_m[-amWv \iz-c-X-bn¬ Hcp XI¿®

Ds≠∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

123B[p-\nI temIØv Pohn-°m≥ [\w am{Xw aXn, hnIm-c-ß-

fpsS Bhiyw C√. AXn-\m¬ Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Ah-c-h-cp-sS-

Xmb _p≤n sIm≠pw I¿Ωw sIm≠pw kºm-Zn-°p∂ ]Ww hn{ -

a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b tijn AYhm kl-P-

hm-k\ sIm≠v \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®n-s√-¶n¬ Cu qan ]dp-

Zo-k-bmbn F√m-h¿°pw A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. F∂m¬ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

k¶¬∏w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ BVw-_-c-ßfpw taml-ßfpw Zcn-{Z-

s‚bpw [\n-I-s‚bpw PohnXsØ Hcp-t]mse Hm -°-e-am°n am‰p-

∂p. ac-Ww-hsc F{X kºm-Zn-®mepw Pohn-°m≥ C{Xbv°v [\w

aXn F∂m¿°pw Pohn-Xmhkm\whsc tXm∂p-I-bn-√. AXn-\m¬

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw PohnXw ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw sIm≠v F∂pw

XI¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. F∂n´pw AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-

jn-°m≥ _p≤nsb D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ PohnXw XI¿∂p

t]mIp-I-bns√ F∂v tNmZn-°p-∂Xv [m¿jvTyw sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv.

hn{à˛a-Xn-{à hnImcßƒ [m¿jvTyambn amdp-tºm-gmWv Hmtcm

hy‡n-bp-sSbpw Pohn-XsØ AXv I_-fn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

kz¥w AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-°m≥ Ah-t_m-

[-sØbpw {i≤-sbbpw _p≤n-sbbpw D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬, hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn \jvS-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw I_-fn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v hy‡n-t_m[w c£ t\Sp-

Ibpw sNøpw. t_m[w Db¿∂m¬ ‘Rm≥’ F∂Xv ip≤ t_m[w

BsW-∂pw AXn\v \mi-an-s√∂pw tZlhpw {]]© hkvXp-°fpw

\in®p t]mIp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw a\- n-em-Ipw.

Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ ‘Rm≥ Bcv’ F∂v At\z-jn-°m≥ ]pd-

s∏- m¬ PohnXw XI¿∂v t]mtb-°mw. t_m[sØ Fßns\ Db¿

Øm-sa-∂mWv At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv. AXm-bXv \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ A¿∞-

amWv At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv. A√msX ‘Rm≥ Bcv’ F∂v At\z-jn-

°p-I-b√ th≠Xv. \iz-c-amb tZl-Øn¬ Ccp-∂p sIm≠v tZlw

Rm≥ BsW∂pw Ft‚XmsW∂pw Nn¥n®p sIm≠v At\z-jWw

XpS-cp-∂Xv sIm≠v F¥mWv {]tbmP\w.

t_m[w Db¿∂m¬ PohnXw BVw-_-c-ß-fp-sSbpw taml-ß-

fp-sSbpw amkvac he-b-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØp h∂v hkvXp-\n-jvT-X-

tbmsS Pohn-XsØ ImWp-Ibpw AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ kº-∂-X

h¿≤n-°pIbpw kam-[m-\hpw kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw sIm≠v


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v124ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CXv Pohn-X-Øns‚ XI¿®-

bm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-h≥ hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v {`m¥v ]nSn-®-h-

\m-Wv.

t_m[-imkv{Xw C∂v \ne-\n¬°p∂ Pohn-Xhpw Bflo-b-X-

bp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ imkv{X-a-√. F√m aX-ßfpw Bflob

imkv{X-ßfpw a\p-jys‚ t_mt[m-Z-bhpw tam£hpw Xs∂-bmWv

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ F¥mWv t_mt[m-Z-bhpw tam£hpw

F∂v Ah¿°v \n¿Δ-Nn-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. AXp-sIm≠v ]cn-{i-a-ß-

sf√mw ]mgmbn t]mbn.

\o¥¬ Adn-bp-∂Xpw Adn-bm-Ø-Xp-amb c≠m-fp-Iƒ sh≈-

Øn¬ hoWm¬ c£-s∏-Sm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Htc am¿§-ßƒ

Xs∂-bm-Wv. c≠p-t]cpw Hcp-t]mse sh≈-Øn¬ ssIIm-ep-Iƒ

C -Sn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \o¥¬ Adn-bp-∂-h≥ ssIIm-ep-Iƒ C -Sn-

°p-tºmƒ c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \o¥¬ Adn-bm-Ø-h≥ acn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

P\\w apX¬ acWw hsc F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw PohnXw Hcp

t]mse I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ß-fpsS thZ-\bpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Zpx-Jhpw

sIm≠v \nd-™-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ \iz-c-Xsb A\p- -ham°p∂-h\pw

kzm¿∞-Xsb C√m-Xm-°p∂h\pw, tam£w t\Sp-Ibpw F∂m¬

\iz-c-Xsb A\p- -h-am-°m-Ø-h\pw kzm¿∞\pw kwkmc kmK-

c-Øn¬ apßnbpw s]mßnbpw {]mc-_v[-ßfpw ZpxJhpw F∂pw

A\p- -hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬

Pohn-°p-∂-hs‚ {]mc-_v[-ßfpw hnIm-c-ßfpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw

PohnXw bmZr-›n-I-ambn h∂p tNcp∂ kt¥m-jhpw kam-[m-\hpw

kpJhpw kº∂Xbpw sIm≠v \nd-bpIbpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬

kzm¿∞X sIm≠v Ch t\Sm≥ {ian-°p-∂-hs‚ PohnXw ZpxJhpw

thZ-\bpw BIp-Ibpw AXv ]e P∑-ß-fn-embn B-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNøp∂p.

A≤ymbw ]Xn-aq∂v

Poh-i‡n F∂ tkz—m[n-]Xn

72. in:˛ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn F∂v ]d-bp-

∂Xv F¥mWv?

amÃ¿:˛ Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v t_m[w Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂

t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v DW-cp-tºm-gmWv t_m[w {àn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah -

t_m-[hpw A\p`hhpw tN¿∂mWv Cu {àsØ hnIm-c-ßfmbn

am‰p-∂-Xv. tZl-Øn¬ t_m[w DW-cp-∂Xmbpw tZl-Øns‚ kl-

P-hm-k-\-Iƒ Xs‚ kz¥w hmk-\-I-fm-sW∂pw t_m[w [cn-°p-

∂Xmbpw tXm∂p∂p. Cu kl-P-hm-k-\-Iƒ kzbw {]h¿Øn-°p∂

t{]m{Km-ap-I-fm-Wv. Ch-bpsS kzbw {]h¿Ø-\sØ Ah-t_m[w

Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Hm¿Ω-bpsS XpS¿® sIm≠v Hcp kw`-h-ambn

A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Ah \∑- -Xn-∑, ]m-]w- -]pWyw, \oXn-

-A-\oXn F∂n-h-bpsS hnhn[ kw -h-ß-fmbn {àn°p∂p. AXn-

\m¬ kl-P-hm-k-\-I-fpsS kzbw {]h¿Ø\ i‡n hnIm-c-

ßƒ°pw D≈-Xmbn tXm∂pI am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv Nne Imcy-ßƒ icn-bm-sW∂v a\- n-em-bmepw AXv sNøm≥

Ign-bm-Xm-Ip-∂Xpw; Nne Imcy-ßƒ sX‰m-sW∂v Adn™mepw

sNbvXp t]mIp-∂-Xpw. CXv hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn°v

DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

Cu Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv \mw Zp»mTyw, ]nSn-hmin, Al-¶mcw

Fs∂√mw hnfn-°p-∂Xv.

tZjy-s∏-S-cpXv F∂v hnNm-cn-®m¬ tZjy-s∏´v t]mIp∂Xpw,

tZjy-s∏-S-W-sa∂v hnNm-cn-®m¬ tZjy-s∏-Sm≥ ]‰msX t]mIp-∂Xpw

hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn sIm≠m-Wv. \mw \sΩ {i≤n-

°msX a‰p-≈-hsc {i≤n-°p-tºmgpw A{i-≤bn¬ \n¬°ptºmgpw

am{Xsa hnIm-c-ßƒ°v kzbw \n¿ÆbXzw {]mh¿ØnIam°m≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. ImcWw A{i-≤-bn¬ kl-P-hm-k-\-Iƒ X\nsb

{]h¿Øn-°pw. F∂m¬ {i≤n-®m¬ Ahbv°v {]h¿Øn°Wsa-¶n¬

\ΩpsS A\phmZw th≠n-h-cpw.

AXn\m¬ F√m Xn∑-Ifpw A\o-Xnbpw ]m]-hp-sa√mw A{i-

≤-bn¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. A{i-≤-bn¬ am{Xsa hnIm-c-ßƒ°v

kzbw \n¿Æb tijn D≠m-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v126Ipd®p ]Ww an®-ambn ssIøn¬ Ccp-∂m¬ AXn-s\mcp

sNehv I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xnepw; ]nip°p sIm≠v an®w hbv°p∂

]Ww \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°p t]mepw Nne-h-gn°mXncn-°p-

∂-Xpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b tijn sIm≠m-Wv.

B{K-l-ßƒ P\\w apX¬ acWwhsc H∂n¬ \n∂v as‰m∂n

te°v NmSn sIm≠ncn°p∂Xpw CXp sIm≠v Xs∂-bm-Wv. \iz-c-

amb hkvXp-°ƒ°p-w Poh\pw th≠n bp≤w sNøp-∂Xpw IS-°m-

cm-Ip-∂-Xpw A{i≤ sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw

\n¿Æb tijn sIm≠m-Wv.

kºØv sIm≠v kº-∂-amb cmjv{S-ßfpw IpSpw-_-ßfpw

Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-epw IS-s°-Wn-bnepw A[x-]-Xn-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS

hnIm-c-ßfpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-bXzw sIm≠m-Wv. Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw

c£-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ Xs∂-Øs∂ {i≤n-°m≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ t_m[-

imkv{X kvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°Ww. -

73. in:˛ t_m[-Øn¬ Db¿∂m¬ am{Xsa Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p F∂mWv CXn¬

\ns∂√mw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Pm{KXv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Xs∂

DW¿∂ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. AXn¬ \n∂pw ho≠pw Fßns\ DW-cm≥

Ignbpw?

amÃ¿:˛ AssZz-Xm-\p- hw AYhm Xpcobw AYhm t_m[hpw

tZlhpw c≠msW∂ Db¿∂ t_m-[mh-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-b-t∏m-gmWv

Pm{KXv, kz]v\-Øn\v kam-\-amb {à-am-sW∂pw AXn¬ \n∂pw

ho≠pw DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pw F\n°p a\- n-em-b-Xv.

-Pm-{KXv Rm≥ IS∂p h∂ hgnbpw Xpcobw Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ

\n¬°p∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bp-am-Wv. akvXn-jv°-Øn\v Ch c≠p-ambn

Imcy-amb _‘-sam-∂p-an√ F∂v Ct∏m-gsØ A\p- hw Fs∂

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv t_m[w Xncn-®-dnhv F∂

en¶mbn akvXn-jv°-tØmSv _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p∂p F∂pw tZl-

Øns‚ acWw sIm≠v Cu en¶v hn´p t]mhp-I-bn√ F∂pw ]pXnb

tZl-ß-fn¬ ho≠pw en¶v ÿm]n®p sImt≠-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw F\n°v

]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv.

hn{à˛a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v cq]w sIm≠ hy‡n-t_m-

[w AYhm Bflm-sh∂ Cu hniz-a-\- ns‚ ac-W-an-√m-bva-bmWv

127Bflob At\zj-W-Øn¬ Fs∂ ]nSn®p \n¿Øn-b H∂m-asØ

Imcyw. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v \ntj-[n-°-s∏´v GXv tZlhpw kzoI-cn-t°≠n

hcp-sa-∂Xv Pohn-X-Øns‚ GX-h-ÿ-bnepw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-

bmØ H∂m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠mWv krjvSn-bpsS clkyw Fs¥∂v

Adn-tb-≠Xv Fs‚ i‡-amb Bh-iy-ambn amdnbXv. CXmWv c≠m-

asØ Imcyw.

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂v AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬ FØn-b-t∏m-

gmWv krjvSn-bpsS clkyw F\n°p t_m≤y-s∏- -Xv. Dd-°w DW-

cp-tºmƒ kz]v\w bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v A\p-`-h-s∏Sp∂-Xp-

t]msebmWv AssZzX A\p- -h-Øn¬ Pm{KXv bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v

A\p- -h-s∏Sp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Pm{K-Øv Xmgv∂ t_m[-am-

sW∂pw AXn-t\-°mƒ Db¿∂ as‰mcp t_m[-Xew Ds≠∂pw

F\n°v ]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv. B t_m[-X-esØ Hcp t]cv sIm≠v

kqNn∏n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv thZm-¥-Øn¬ \n∂v

Xpcobw F∂ ]Zw IS-sa-Sp-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ thZm-¥-Øn¬ Xpco-b-

Øn\v \¬Inb A¿∞a√ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ Xpco-b-Øn-\v

\¬In-bn-cn°p∂-Xv. \n\°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xn-\mWv

AØcw Hcp t]cv kzoI-cn-®-Xv.

‘Rm≥’ F∂ Al¶mchpw ‘Ft‚Xv’-F∂ aa-Xm-_-‘-ß-

fpsS A\p-`-h-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂p Fs∂ Pm{KXv DW¿ΔmsW∂v

tXm∂n∏n-®-Xv. \iz-c-amb Cu c≠-\p-`-h-ßfpw Dt]-£n-®m¬

B¿°pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cm-\p≈ km≤yX e`n-°pw.

Xpco-b-Ønse k¶¬∏-ß-fmWv Pm{K-Øn\v Imc-Ww. Pm{K-

Ønse k¶¬∏-ß-fmWv kz]v\-Øn\v Imc-Ww. k¶¬∏-ßƒ

Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-XmWv \n{Z. Pm{K-Øns\

\ne\n¿Øphm≥ Bh-iy-amb anÃnIv Du¿÷w tiJ-cn-°p∂

t_m[m-h-ÿ-bmWv \n{Z. i‡-amb thZ-\tbm ZpxJtam kt¥m-

jtam hcp-tºmƒ Dd-°hpw kz]v\hpw \jvS-s∏´p t]mIp-∂Xv Ch

Pm{K-Øn-t\mfw bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂pw sXfnbn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv

kz]v\hpw \n{Zbpw t_m[-Øns‚ kzX-{¥-amb Ah-ÿ-I-f√

F∂¿∞w. \n{Z-bpw kz]v\hpw Cs√-¶nepw Poh≥ \ne-\n¬°pw.

F∂m¬ AXv {`m¥s‚ Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v am{Xw.

t_m[-Øns‚ G‰hpw Xmgv∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv kz¥w hy‡n-

Xz-sØ-t∏mepw ad-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Dd-°w. BZyw Dd°w DW-cp-∂Xv

kz]v\-Øn-te-°m-Wv. ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fpsS klmbw C√mØ

kz]v\m-\p- -h-Øn\v bmYm¿∞ym\p`hhpw hy‡-Xbpw Ipd-hm-bn-

Poh-i‡n F∂ tkz—m[n-]Xn-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v128cn-°pw. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v Pm{K-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-tºmƒ kz]v\-

Ønse {]]-©hpw tZlhpw Poh-\p-sa√mw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-I-bmWv

sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn¬

FØp-tºmƒ AYhm P\-\- -a-cW {à-ßfn¬ \n∂p-W-cp-tºmƒ

Pm{K-Ønse {]]-©hpw Poh\pw tZlhpw F√mw ÿe- -Im-e-Øn¬

D≠mbn \ne-\n∂p ad-bp∂ {à-am-sW∂v AYhm \iz-c-sa∂ A\p-

`hw D≠mIp-∂-Xv.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cp-tºmƒ Xs∂ kz]v\ temIw C√m-

Ø-Xm-sW∂v Adn-bp-∂Xp t]mse P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

DW-cp-tºmƒ Xs∂ {à temIw C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bn-√. Aßns\ C√m-

Xm-I-W-sa-¶n¬ DW-cp∂ \nanjw t_m[w _p≤n-bp-am-bp≈ en¶v

hnS-Ww. Aßns\ kw -hn-°pI km≤y-a√ ImcWw t_m[-a√ en¶v

ÿm]n-®-Xv. adn®v a\p-jys‚ {]tXyI Xc-Øn-ep≈ akvXnjv°w

t_m[sØ en¶mbn kzoI-cn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXn-\m¬

akvXnjv°Øn\v tISp hcn-Itbm \in-°p-Itbm sNbvXmse en¶v

C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bp-≈p. {àtemIw tXm∂-e√ hyXykvX ]cn-Wma

ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw sIm≠p-≠m-°-s∏- -Xm-Wv. AXn-

\m¬ tZlw acn-°p-tºmƒ am{Xsa {à-tem-I-Øn\v C√m-Xm-Im≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

Xpcob A\p- -h-Øn¬ FØp-∂-tXmsS hy‡nt_m[w AJ-

WvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K˛]-c-am-\μw F∂ GI t_m[-ambn amdp-Ibpw

B t_m[-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏´ k¶¬∏-ß-fmWv {]]-©-sØbpw

Poh-s\bpw kz¥w tZl-sØbpw {à-cq-]-Øn¬ AYhm ]cn-Wm-a-

cq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-®-sX∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. Cu A\p- -h-

Øn¬ am{Xsa AssZzXm\p`hw \ne-\n¬°p-I-bp-≈p. tZlw acn-

°p-∂-tXmsS Cu A\p- hhpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw

k¶¬∏-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√ As√-¶n¬ D≠m-°p-I-bn-√. CXmWv

bYm¿∞ tam£w.

“ BtcmKyhpw A\mtcm-Kyhpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS s]mkn-‰ohv

s\K-‰ohv Ah-ÿ-Iƒ sIm≠v D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. s]mkn-‰ohv hnIm-

c-ßsf D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn P\n-X-I-a-√mØ F√m tcmK-ßfpw C√m-

Xm°n ac-Ww-hsc Pohn-°mw. I¿Ωw Hcp s]mkn-‰ohv hnIm-c-amWv.

AXn-\m¬ t]in-_ew Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ I¿Ωw sNbvXp

sIm≠n-cp-∂m¬ tcmK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-am-Imw ” .

A≤ymbw ]Xn-\mev

tam£w F∂ DW¿Δv

AYhm bYm¿∞ t_mt[m-Zbw

74. in:˛ kz]v\-Øn¬ thZ\ sIm≠v hmhn´p Ic-bp∂ Hcmsf

Xń-bm¬ Abmƒ kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cpw. Abm-fpsS thZ-

\bpw A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw. AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ thZ\ sIm≠v

Ic-bp∂ Hcmsf Xń-bXp sImt≠m D]-tZ-in-®Xp sImt≠m thZ-

\bpw ZpxJhpw C√m-Xm-hp-I-bn-√, Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cp-I-bp-an-√.

AsX-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv ? AXn-\p≈ am¿§-ßƒ Fs¥-¶nepw t_m[-

im-kv{X-Øn-ept≠m?

amÃ¿:˛ kz]v\w I≠p sIm≠v Ic-bp∂ Hcmsf tIƒ°m\pw

ImWm\pw Pm{KXv F∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ as‰mcmƒ D≠v. AXp-

a-s√-¶n¬ thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\yw sIm≠v Abmƒ kzbw DW-cpw.

F∂m¬ Xpco-b-Øn¬ c≠m-a-sXm-cmƒ C√. Aßns\ Ds≠∂v

tXm∂p∂ Bsf-bmWv \mw Kpcp F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. {io _p≤s\

t]mse-bp≈ Kpcp-°-∑m¿ Pm{KXv F∂ {àw kXy-sa∂v hniz-kn®v

Ic-bp-∂-hsc Xń-bp-W¿Øm-\mWv 40 h¿j°mew Pohn-®-Xv.

F∂m¬ DW¿∂Xv alm-I-iy]v F∂ Htc-Hcp injy≥ am{X-am-Wv.

F{X Xń-bmepw ‘Rm≥ DW-cn√’ F∂ [m¿jvTy-amWv hnIm-

cm\p- h-ßƒ a\p-jy\v \¬Ip∂-Xv.

‘ITn-\-amb thZ-\bpw am\-knI ZpxJhpw Rßƒ PohnX-

Øns‚ `mK-ambn IW-°m°n sIm≈m--sa∂pw Xosc kln-°m≥

Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ Bfl-lXy sNbvXv Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn thZ-\sb

]cn-l-cn-°mw F∂pamWv ]ecpw Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv ’.as‰mcp Iq´¿ ‘Xßƒ°v Htc-Hcp P∑ta D≈p-sh∂pw AXn-

ep≈ ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw £a-tbmsS kln°pIbpw a‰p-≈-h¿°v

\∑-Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ A¥y-\m-fn¬ tam£w In´p-sa∂

hnizm-k-Øn-emWv Pohn-°p-∂-Xv ’.hnIm-c-ß-fpsS ss\an-jnI kpJ-Øn\pw kt¥m-j-Øn\pw

th≠n F{X Bbncw P∑-ßƒ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw \ymbo-I-cn-°-p-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v130hm\pw A\p- -hn-°phm\pw Xøm-dm-sW-∂mWv temI P\X C∂pw

sXfn-bn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿Øm≥ A¬∏w _e-sa-¶nepw Bh-iy-

am-Wv. F∂m¬ Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DWcm≥ AXv t]mepw Bh-iy-

an-√. Pohn-XØn¬ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw A\p- -hn-°p∂ \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

imco-cnI am\-knI thZ-\-Ifpw \iz-c-Xbpw F¥m-sW∂v H∂p

{i≤n-®m¬ am{Xw aXn.

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp-W¿® Ds≠∂v a\- n-em°m-ØXpw

AXn-\p-th≠n ]cn-{i-an-°m-Ø-Xp-w hnIm-c-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ ss\an-

jnIamb kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw bmYm¿∞ym-\p- -h-amsW∂v [cn-

°p-∂Xp sIm≠m-Wv, as‰m-cmƒ DW¿Øn-bmepw DW-cm-Ø-Xn\pw

kzbw DW-cm≥ Iq´m-°m-Ø-Xn\pw ImcWw CXm-Wv.

A⁄m-\hpw hnizm-k-an-√m-bvabp-amWv tam£w e`n-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ XS- -sa∂v thZm-¥-ßfpw ska-‰nIv aX-ßfpw shdpsX \pW

]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ F{Xtbm

\n m-c-amWv Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥. \ng-ens\ C√m-Xm-°m≥

\ng-en-te°v {]Im-i-a-Sn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw \ng-en\p Imc-W-amb

{]Im-isØsbm hkvXp-hn-s\sbm C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw

\n m-c-amb Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. AX-√msX as‰¥v sNbvXmepw \ng-

ens\ C√m-Xm-°m≥ km≤y-a-√.

tam£-Øn-te-°p-W-cm≥ Fs¥-¶nepw am¿§-apt≠m F∂

tNmZyw A{]-k-‡-am-Wv. ImcWw AXn\v Hcp am¿§hpw Bh-iy-

an-√. \ne\n¬°m≥ B{K-ln-°pIbpw \ne-\n¬∏v bmYm¿∞y-am-

sW∂v [cn-°p-Ibpw sNøptºmƒ AXns‚ `mK-ambn ZpxJhpw

thZ-\bpw D≠m-Ip-sa∂pw \ne-\n¬°m≥ B{K-ln-®n-s√-¶n¬

AYhm \ne-\n¬∏v bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-™m¬

AXns‚ `mK-ambn tam£m-\p- hw D≠m-Ip-sa-∂-Xp-amWv AXns‚

\nb-aw.

a\p-jys‚ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw henb {]iv\-ß-fmbn I≠v apX-

e-°Æp-\o¿ Hgp-°p-∂Xpw BtKmf hym]-I-ambn \S-Øp∂ F√m

t_m[-h¬°-c-W-ßfpw shdpw {]l-k-\-ß-fm-Wv F∂v AXv kwL-

Sn-∏n-°p-∂-h\pw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw Adnbmw. \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw

131hy‡n-Ifpw Xs‚ kz¥-am-I-W-sa∂pw X\n°v kz¥-am-°-W-sa∂pw

hnNm-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv icocw ]oVn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ZpxJw

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xpw. AXn-\m¬ Cu ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥

\iz-c-Xm-t_m[w ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ kvIqfp-Iƒ ÿm]n-®m¬ aXn. t_m[w

Db¿∂v Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v DW¿∂-hs\ kw_-‘n®v Cu `qan-

bn¬ Xm\p-≠m-°p-∂Xpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ _‘-s∏-

Sp-tºmƒ X\n-°p≠mIp-∂-Xp-amb {]iv\-ßf√msX as‰m∂pw C√.

75. in:˛ Xpco-b-Øn-te°v ]q¿Æ-ambn DW¿∂-h\v ]n∂o-sSm-cn-

°epw Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ km≤y-as√?

amÃ¿:˛ \o¥¬ A`y-kn-®-h\v apßn-®m-Im≥ Ign-bn√ F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW¿∂-h\v ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw

Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ km≤y-a√, ImcWw Db¿∂ t_m[m-\p-

`hw AYhm AJ-WvV-˛-\n-›-e-˛-\n- w-KX A\-¥-amb ]c-am-\-

μamWv. {àw \iz-c-amsW∂v A\p- -hn-®-h\v ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw

P\-\- -a-c-W-ßfpw D≈ {àm-\p- -h-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ Ignbn-√.

]dp-Zo-k-bn¬ \n∂pw Bsc-¶nepw Bfn-°-Øp∂ \c-I-Øn-te°v

t]mIptam? Aßns\ t]mI-W-sa∂v k¶¬∏n-°m≥ IqSn Ign-bp-

I-bn-√.

ITn-\-amb ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ H∂p-d-ßn-bm¬

aXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Nn¥n-°mØ Bcpw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. Dd°w

kzbw D≠m-°m\pw AXn¬ \ap-°njvSap-≈{X kabw \ne-

\n¬°m\pw B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv AØcw

kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ Dd° acp-∂p-Iƒ IpØn-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a- -hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ ZpxJhpw {àm-\p-

`hw \¬Ip∂ thZ-\bpw A\p- -hn-°m≥ am{Xw hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

Ah-bn¬ \n∂v Xm¬°m-en-I-amtbm F∂-t∂-bv°p-amtbm c£-

s∏-Sm-\p≈ am¿§w Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ AØcw {à-

Øn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂-h≥ ]n∂oSv B {à-Øn-te°v t]mIm≥ B{K-

ln-°p-I-bn√ F∂Xv bp‡n-bs√?

Xpco-b-Øn-te°v ]q¿Æ-ambn DW¿∂-h≥ B Ah-ÿsb

acWwhsc Hm¿Ω-bn¬ kq£n®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw. Aßns\ acW

ka-bØv \n w-K-\mbn acn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. B acWw bmYm¿∞y-

a√ F∂v Abmƒ Adn-bp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Abmƒ°v P\-\-sa∂

{à-Øn-te°v ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. AXmWv

AXns‚ imkv{Xo-b-X.

tam£w F∂ DW¿Δv AYhm bYm¿∞ t_mt[m-Zbw

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v13276. in:˛ Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpcobw AYhm tam£m-h-ÿ-bn-

te°v Pohn-®n-cns° Xs∂ DW-cmsa∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw Dd∏p

\¬Ip-∂-Xv, Aßns\ DW-cm≥ Hcp hy‡n°v D-≠m-tI≠ G‰hpw

henb Ign-hv F-¥mWv?

amÃ¿:˛ GI-tZiw Ggv- -F´v hb mIp-tºm-gmWv Hcp a\p-

jys‚ hy‡n-t_m[w cq]w sIm≈m≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. _meyhpw

Iuam-chpw IS∂v buh-\-Øn-¬ F-Øp∂Xph-sc-bp≈ hnIm-c-

ßƒ°v bmYm¿∞ym-\p- hw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ipń-

Ifpw sNdp∏-°mcpw ac-W-sØ-t∏mepw Ah-K-Wn®p sIm≠p≈

kml-kn-IX ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw IS-a-Ifpw IS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw [¿Ω-ßfpw

C√mØ PohnXw AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn\v hfsc ASp-Øm-Wv.

A¬∏w t_m[w Db¿Øn-bm¬ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-

bm-Im\pw \nb-a-ßƒ sIm≠v _‘n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m\pw Bflobhn-

izm-k-ßsf bp‡n sIm≠v \ncm-I-cn-°m\pw Ahsc hf-sc Ffp-

∏-Øn¬ {]m]vXcm°mw. ac-Ww-hsc ASn-ÿm\ Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ Pohn-

°m-\p≈ A¬∏w [\hpw kuI-cy-ßfpw Hcpt°≠ Bh-iy-sa-bp-≈p.

F∂m¬ amXm-˛-]n-Xm-°fpw aX -]p-tcm-ln-Xcpw BƒssZ-h-

ßfpw Ipń-I-fpsS a\- n-te°v Bflo-b-X-bp-sSbpw kZm-Nm-c-t_m-

[-Øn-s‚bpw sX‰mb hnizm-k-ßsf aXn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fmbn IpØn-

h-bv°p-∂p. AtXmsS Ah-cpsS a\- n¬ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ hmk-

\- -B-cm-[-\- -km[\mtZmj-ß-fpsS hnIm-c-ßƒ DW-cp-Ibpw Bflo-

b˛ù-XnIm-\p- -h-ßƒ tlm¿tam-Wp-I-sf∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°-fn-eqsS

bmYm¿∞ym\p`hßfmbn amdpIbpw sNøp∂p.

AXns‚ IqsS hnhm-l-sa∂ _‘-\hpw IpSpw-_-sa∂ {]mc-

_v[hpw ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-tºmƒ t_m[w ho≠pw Xmgv∂v t]mIp-

Ibpw {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw i‡n-tb-dnb hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à

A\p- -h-ß-fneqsS kXysa∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ CSbmIp-Ibpw sNøpw.

]n∂oSv Fs¥√mw Adn-hp-Ifpw bp‡n-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw

\¬In-bmepw Pm{KXv {à-am-sW∂pw \iz-c-am-sW∂pw A\p- -hn-

°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bm-Xm-Ip-∂p.

kXysØ \n m-c-ambn t_m≤y-s∏-Sm≥ X° sXfn™ IÆp-

I-fpambn P\n-°p∂ Ipń-I-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ IpØn-s∏m- n®v A‘-

133cm-°n-b-Xn\p tijw IÆp-≈-h-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-

∂-Xn¬ F¥m-W¿∞w?

tIhe bmYm¿∞yØns‚ shfn®w Ah-t_m-[-ambn F∂pw

Chn-sS-bp-≠v. AXp ImWm-\p≈ IÆmWv C√m-Ø-Xv. AXn-\m¬

Xpco-b-Øn-te-°p-W-cm≥ F¥v Ign-hmWv th≠Xv F∂ tNmZyw

Akw-_-‘-am-Wv.

tImSm-\p-tImSn s]m -°-Æ-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿ Ah-t_m-[-sa∂ AI-

°Æp sIm≠pw kml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠pw kq£vaX sIm≠pw

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-°m\pw {à hkvXp-°ƒ \iz-

c-am-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°m-\p-ap≈ ss[cyw ImWn-°pw. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿

DW¿∂v c£-s∏-Spw.

X∂n¬ Dd-ßp∂ ssZhsØ DW¿Øm\pw \iz-c-amb

tZlsØ \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p- -hn®v \iz-cX hmkvX-h-am-sW∂

{à-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥ Hcp Ignhpw Bh-iy-an-√. kmam-\y-_p-

≤nbpw Ah -t_m-[hpw am{Xw aXn.

hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏-SmØ kXym-t\z-jn-I-fmb {_“-Nm-

cn-Iƒ t]mepw P∑\mbp≈ hmk-\ Bcm[\- tZm-j-ß-fpsS A\p-

-h-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v hniz-kn®v Ah-bn¬ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p-

∂Xv ImWmw. Ah-cn-¬ Nne¿ Ah-Zq-X-∑m-cmbpw k\ym-kn-\n- -k-

\ym-kn-I-fmbpw a™p aqSnb lnam-e-b-Øn¬ t]mepw InS∂p \c-

In-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ \cIn°p∂p F∂v Ah¿°v tXm∂p-∂p-an-√.

P∑w sIm≠v a\p-jy\v am{Xw Inńb kzX-{¥-amb Ah-t_m-

[hpw (free will) {i≤bpw, Hm¿Ωbpw _p≤n-bn¬ hkvXp-\n-jvT-

ambn {]tbm-Kn-®v \∑ Xn∑-I-fpsS t{kmX- ns\ At\zjn°phm\pw

Is≠Øp-hm-\pap≈ t_m[-imkv{X in£Ww hfsc sNdp-∏-Øn¬

\¬Im≥ \√-h-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ {ian-°-Ww. {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-

Ip-tºmƒ Ah¿ kzX-{¥-amb Ah-t_m-[sØ kzX-{¥-am-bn-Øs∂

D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AkvXnXz-Øns‚ A¿∞w Ah¿

Is≠-Øp-Ibpw \iz-c-X-bpsS A\p-`-h-Øn¬ FØp-Ibpw

AtXmsS Ah-cpsS t_m[w Db-cp-Ibpw PohnXw ]c-am-\μw

sIm≠v \nd-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AØcw sNdp-∏-°m¿ Xß-fpsS

t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ klm-bn® amXm˛-]n-Xm-°sf F¥p hne


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v134sImSpØpw hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ kwc-£n-°pw. Ahsc B\μtØmsS

acn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

AØ-c-Øn¬ t_m[w Db¿∂ ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw Hcm-Nm-

c-Øn-s‚bpw \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]n≥_-e-an-√msX Hcp kaq-l-ambn

kpJ-ambn Pohn-°pw.

kzm¿∞-X-bn¬ sIń-∏-Sp-°p∂ IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw krjvSn-°p∂

ZpxJ-ßfpw thZ-\-Ifpw Ah¿°p-≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. AXn-\p-]-Icw Hm¿Ω

hbv°p∂ \mƒ apX¬ kzm¿∞ hnImcßƒ DW-cm≥ ]Tn-∏n-®m¬

Ah¿ hep-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ ZpjvS-Xbpw, {Iqc-Xbpw, NXnbpw, h©-

\bpw A√msX as‰-¥mWv Ah-cn¬ \n∂v D≠m-Ip-I?

77. in:˛ ssZhw Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v A[x-]-

Xn®v Pm{K-Øn¬ hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn DW¿∂p F∂v AwKo-I-cn-°m≥

ska-‰nIv aX-°m¿°v Hcp- Im-c-W-h-imepw km≤y-a-√.

{]]-©-sØbpw Xs∂bpw krjvSn® ssZhw al-Xz-ap-≈-h-\m-

sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°-W-sa-∂pamWv Ah¿

hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

thZm-¥nIfn¬ Nne¿ t_m[w ssZhamsW∂v kΩ-Xn-°psa

¶nepw a\p-jy-\mbn A[x-]-Xn®p F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bn-√. AXv

krjvSn-bpsS ssNX-\y-amWv F∂mWv Ah-cpsS at\m-`m-hw.

km£m¬ ssZhw Hcp hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn {àn-°p-I-bmWv F∂

t_m[-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Is≠-Ø¬ F{X-am{Xw icn-bm-sW∂v hni-

Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ ssZhw ]pdØp \n¬°p∂ Hcp GI i‡n-bm-sW∂pw

B ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n sIm≠mWv krjvSn I¿Ωw \S-∂Xpw {]]-

©hpw a\p-jy\pw D≠m-bXpw F∂mWv ska-‰nIv aX-°m¿ hniz-

kn-°p-∂-Xv. t_m[w {_“-sa∂ Poh-i-‡n-bmbn AIØpw

]pdØpw \n¬°p∂p F∂pw krjvSn-bpsS ssNX-\y-amWv {_“w

F∂p-amWv thZm-¥n-Iƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv hnhn[

AXo-{μnb i‡nIfp≈ At\Iw ssZh-ßƒ lnμp aX-Øn¬ cq]w

sIm≠-Xv.

ùXnI imkv{Xhpw aX-ßfpw thZm-¥hpw {]]-©-Øns‚bpw

Poh-s‚bpw \iz-c-Xsb Xosc Ah-K-Wn®p If-™p. A\-iz-c-\mb

135ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v \iz-c-amb {]]© hkvXp°fpw Du¿÷hpw

Poh\pw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv bp‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X√ F∂v Ch-cmcpw

Is≠-Øn-bn-√. A\-kyq-X-ambn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ hkvXp-hn-

s\bpw Poh-s\bpw Ipdn®v ]Tn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ akvXn-jv°w-

t]mepw A\-kyq-X-amb am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-sa∂pw

Bcpw Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√.

Ign™ \q‰m≠v hsc ùXnI imkv{Xw Du¿÷-Øns‚ Dd-

hnSw ]pdta \n¬°p∂ ssZh-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv Btcm-]n-®n-cp-∂-

sX-¶nepw Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ Hcn-Ss]S¬ {]]©

krjvSn°v Bh-iy-an√ F∂v sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ska-‰nIv aX-°m¿ ]sØmºXmw \q‰m-≠nse uXnI imkv{X

Is≠-Ø-epIƒ ssZh-Øns‚ i‡n°v sXfn-hmbpw \ncoiz-c-hm-Zn-

Iƒ ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbpw Ct∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

ssZhw ]pd-ta-bp≈ i‡n-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Hcp Imc-

W-h-imepw km≤y-a-√. ImcWw Ah-t_m[w A©v ⁄mt\-{μnb-

ßƒ°v \¬Ip∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn-s‚bpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw D≈n¬

am{Xsa {]]-©-Øn\pw Poh\pw \ne-\n¬∏p≈p F∂Xv Hcp Xc-

Ønepw \ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kXy-am-Wv. t_m[w Rm≥ F∂

Ah-t_m-[-ambpw {i≤-bmbpw Hm¿Ω-bmbpw A\p- -h-ambpw \ne-

\n¬°mØ Pohn-Iƒ°v krjvSnbpw ÿnXnbpw kwlm-chpw A\p-

-h-a√ F∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Hcp _p≤n-ap´pw C√.

\iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw sIm-≠v Hcp bYm¿∞

{]]©w krjvSn®p F∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv ]ca hnUvVn-Ø-amWv. Dd-

ßp-tºmƒ \mw C√mØ hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw sIm≠v kz]v\-

sa∂ t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ {]]-©sØbpw Poh-s\bpw krjvSn-

°p-∂Xp t]mse Xs∂ Pm{KXv F∂ as‰mcp t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬

{àw sIm≠v AYhm \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw sIm≠v

Hcp {]]©sØbpw Poh-s\bpw krjvSn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. Htc-

Hcp t_m[w ]e tZl-ß-fn¬ Hcp-t]mse {àn-®Xp sIm≠mWv F√m-

h¿°pw {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Hcp-t]mse A\p- -h-s∏- -Xv.

hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ t]mbm¬ {àw t]mIpw. AtXmsS {]]-

©hpw Poh\pw t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ \iz-c-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°pw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v136F∂m¬ A\p-`-h-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ah-bpsS bmYm¿∞yX

A\p-h-Zn--°p-I-bn-√. ImcWw Cu bmYm¿∞yX cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ

sIm≠mWv D≠m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

t_m[-imkv{X coXn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°sf

C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ A\p- -h-ßfpw Ah \¬Inb bmYm¿∞y-Xbpw

90%˛tØmfw C√m-Xm-Ipw. AtXmsS AssZz-Xm-\p- hw e`n-°p-Ibpw

krjvSn-bpsS clkyw B¿°pw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. ssZhw

]pd-ØmtWm AI-ØmtWm i‡n-bmtWm Du¿÷-amtWm Xm≥

Xs∂-bmtWm Fs∂√mw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-Ipw.

“]Zm¿∞ßƒt°m Poht\m Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw ‘Rm≥’F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. ]e Bh¿Ønbpw

Bb-Xnbpw D≈ {]I-º-\-ßsf \ma-cq-]-ß-fmbn ImWp-tºm-

gmWv Ah ]Zm¿∞ßfpw Poh-\p-ambn tXm∂p-∂-Xv. CXn¬

\n∂v ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv akvXn-jv°w

A√ t_m[-am-sW∂v hy‡w.”

A≤ymbw ]Xn-\©v

PohnXw Hcp cmk bmYm¿∞yw

78. in:˛ bp‡n--hn-Nm-cw,- P-]-ßƒ, a-{¥-ßƒ, km[-\-Iƒ, [ym-

\w,- \n-jv°m-a- -I¿Ω-ßƒ Ch- sIm≠v ]c-{_-“-Øn¬ ebn-°m-sa∂v

thZm-¥-ßfpw; kvt\lw, -tk-h-\w,- \-∑,- ]pWyw Ch-sIm≠v tam£w

{]m]n-°m-sa∂v ska-‰nIv aX-ßfpw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠t√m, AXv

km≤y-amtWm?

amÃ¿:˛ bp‡n-hn-Nmcw sIm≠v F√mw \iz-camsW∂v a\- n-

em-°mw. F∂m¬ B \iz-c-Xsb, \iz-c-X-sb∂v A\p- -hn-°m≥

bp‡n-sIm≠v km≤y-a-√.

]c-{_-“-Øn¬ \n∂v hn´p-t]m∂p F∂ Adn-hp-≈Xp sIm≠m-

Wv ]-c-{_-“-Øn¬ ebn-®p- tN-cp-∂Xv tam£-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-

°p-∂-Xv. ]c{_“Øn¬ \n∂v F¥p sIm≠v hn´p-t]m∂p As√-

¶n¬ F¥v ImcWw sIm≠mWv {]]-©hpw Poh\pw \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂ A\p- hw D≠m-Ip∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°n-bmse Xncn®p ebn-

°p-hm-\p≈ am¿§w Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

P]-ßfpw a{¥ßfpw shdpw i_vZßfpsS A`ym-khpw km[-

\-Iƒ `uXnI A`ym-k-ß-fp-am-Wv. [ym\w, {i≤sb Hcp hnj-b-

Øn¬ tI{μo-I-cn-°-em-Wv.

Fs¥-¶nepw B{K-ln-°msX I¿Ωw sNøm≥ B¿°pw km≤y-

a-√. At∏mƒ \njvIm-a-I¿Ωw F∂Xpw hnIm-c-ßfpsS A`ym-k-am-

Wv. ta¬∏-d-™-h-sb√mw shdpw {`a-m\p`hßƒ \¬Ip-∂-h-bm-

Wv. CØcw A\p`-h-ßsf√mw C√m-Ø-h-sb∂ A\p-`-h-amWv

tam£w AYhm Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ DW¿Δv.

Hcp kw -htam A\p- -htam F¥p -sIm-≠mWv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv

F∂-dn-™mse B Imc-WsØ \o°w sNbvXv AXv C√m-Xm-°m≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. Zl-\-t°-Sn\v ]\n-bpsS acp∂p Ign-®Xp sIm≠v

Imcy-an-√. AXpt]mse ]e thZm¥ IrXn-I-fnepw ]d-bp∂ Cu am¿§-

ß-sfm∂pw tam£-am¿§-a√ F∂v hy‡-am-Wv. ‘ AjvSm-h{I KoX’

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v138F∂ thZm-¥-Ir-Xn-bn¬ Cu am¿§-sam∂pw ]d-™n-ń√ F∂Xv

{it≤-b-am-Wv.

_p≤n-bnepw kº-∂-X-bnepw D®-\o-N-Xz-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw P\-

s∏-cp∏w sIm≠pw kzm¿∞X sIm≠pw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ Bhiy

km[-\-ßƒ ]cn-Xm-]-I-camw hÆw Hcp Iq´w P\-ßƒ°v \ntj-[n-

®-Xv sIm≠p-amWv kvt\lw, -\-∑,- \o-Xn,- tk-h-\w, -]pWyw Ch-

sb√mw ssZho-I-amb hnIm-c-ß-fm-sW∂v tXm∂n-∏n-®-Xv.

P\-kw-Jybpw IpSpw-_- kw-hn-[m-\-Øns‚ kzm¿∞-Xbpw Ipd-

™m¬ F√m-h¿°pw kpJ-ambn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXn-\p≈

hkvXphl-Iƒ `qan°v \ncq-]m-[nIw \¬Im\pw Ign-bpw. AXn-

\m¬ CØcw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Bhiyw C√m-Xm-Ipw.

C√mØ hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v bYm¿∞-Øn¬ D≈ tam£w

Fßns\ t\Sm≥ Ign-bpw?

a\p-jy- a-kvXn-jv°-Øns‚ GtXm Hcp `mKw t_m[-hp-ambn

en¶v sNbvXv t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-K-Xsb hn -Pn®v hnIm-c-ßfpw

A\p- -h-ßfpw krjvSn®v \ne-\n¬∏v bmYm¿∞y-amWv F∂ A\p-

`hw D≠m-°p-∂p. Cu A\p- -h-Øn¬ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw h∂-Xp-

sIm-≠mWv F√m-hcpw AXn\v ùXnI-˛-B-flob ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ

Dt≠m F∂v At\z-jn-®-Xv.

saUn-°¬ kb≥kv ùXnI ]cn-lm-cßfpw aX-ßƒ Bflob

]cn-lm-cßfpw \n¿t±in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu ]cn-lm-c-ßƒ°v

ZpxJsØ C√mXm-°m≥ Ign-™mepw thZ-\sb C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-

bn-√.

ZpxJ-Øn¬ \n∂pw thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂p-a√ D◊m-\p- hw AYhm

Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ A\p- hw D≠m-b-Xv.- adn®v ‘Rm≥’tZl-Øn¬ D◊bm-bn \ne\n¬°p-∂Xv sIm≠mWv Ch-sb√mw

D≠m-b-Xv.

t_m[w Ah-t_m-[-ambn Xmgv∂v hy‡n-t_m-[-am-b-t∏mƒ

D≠mb {à-amWv thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw kpJhpw kt¥m-jhpw. Xpco-

bm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ t_m[w {àn®v Pm{K-Øn-te°v D-W¿∂-t∏m-gmWv

Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-b-Xv. Cu A\p- -h-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-

bmWv kzm¿∞-Xbpw AXp-aq-e-ap≈ thZ-\bpw ZpxJ-hpw. AXn-

\m¬ ta¬∏-d-™-h-sbm∂pw bYm¿∞ tam£-am¿§ßƒ A√.

13979. in:˛ Poh-\n¬ \n∂p≈ tamN-\-amWv AYhm akvXn-jv°-

hp-am-bp≈ t_m[-Øns‚ en¶v F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-

Xn-s\-bmWv t_m[-imkv{Xw tam£w, -\n¿Δm-W, -Po-h-∑p‡n, \nXy-

Po-h≥ Fs∂√mw \n¿Δ-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-tZlw C√m-Xm-bm¬

am{Xsa AXv ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-I-bp≈p F∂mWv CXn¬ \ns∂√mw a\-

n-em-Ip-∂-Xv. Aßn-s\-sb-¶n¬ a\p-jy-Ipew A\yw \n∂v t]mIp-

I-bns√?

amÃ¿:˛ \in-°p∂ tZl-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw sIm≠v \in-°mØ

Ft¥m H∂v \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂Xp sIm≠s√

\in-®p -t]m-Ip-I-bns√ AYhm A\yw \n∂v t]mIp-I-bns√ F∂v

tNmZn°p∂Xv? kz¥w tZlw t]mepw \in®p t]mIp-sa∂v Adn-

bp ∂ \nco-£-I≥ Hcn-°epw tZl-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡-am-

Wv.

At∏mƒ \in-°m-ØXv Ft¥m a\p-jy- _p-≤n-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´p \n¬°p∂p F∂v kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn sXfn-bp-∂p.

Xßƒ A\yw \n∂v t]mIptam F∂v \nco-£n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

F{Xtbm Poh-Pm-e-ßsf a\p-jy¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn C√m-Xm°n If-™p.

F∂n´pw B Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfm∂pw Xß-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v òj-Wn-

bmb a\p-jy¿s°-Xnsc bp≤w sNbvXn-√. ImcWw Ah-bpsS

_p≤n-tbmSv Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Ft¥m H∂v \nco-

£-I-\mbn en¶v sNbvXn- n√ F∂t√ A¿∞w?

{à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fmWv kz¥w h¿§-\m-isØ kXy-

sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu {à-hn-Im-c-ß-fn-√m-Xm-bm¬ A\yw

\n∂p t]mIp-sa∂ {àhpw C√m-Xm-Ipw. kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp∂ {]]-

©hpw AXnse Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw a\p-jy\pw kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-cp-tºmƒ A\yw \n∂p t]mbn F∂mcpw kΩ-

Xn-°p-I-bn-√s√m? AXp-t]mse {à-Øn¬ \n∂v AJ-WvV- -\n-›e˛\n-

w-K-amb t_m[-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-tºmƒ a\pjyh¿§w A\yw \n∂p

t]mbn F∂m¿°pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

tam£w {]m]n-°p-∂Xv tZl-]-Zm¿∞a√. Bflmsh∂pw, -hy-

‡n-t_m-[sa∂pw \nco-£-I-s\∂pw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xpw _p≤n-bp-

ambn en¶v sNbvXp \n¬°p∂Xpamb t_m[amWv tam£w {]m]n-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v140°p-∂-Xv. {àsØ AYhm \iz-c-Xsb _p≤n D]-tbm-Kn®v {à-am-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™v Xm\pw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂pw AXn¬ Xm≥

\in-°m-ØXpw tZlw \in-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw Xncn-®-dn™v A\p- -

hn°p-I- am-{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Bflm-hmb hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬

\n∂v hy‡n-Xz-sa∂ Al-¶m-c-tØbpw, Al-¶mcw kz¥w F∂v

hniz-kn® \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°-sfbpw Poh-s\bpw Dt]-£n-°pI

am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AtXmsS Bflmhv AYhm \nco-£-I≥

C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. hy‡nXzw \jvS-s∏´ t_m[w \nco£Ww Dt]-£n®v

kzX-{¥ km£n-bmbn -amdp-∂p.

F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn h∂p-tN-cp-∂-Xn-emWv

Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Bflm-hn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ (Xncn-®-dnhv) Aßn-

s\-bmWv Pohn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ah Adn-bp-∂n-√.

AXp-t]mse Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Bflm-hp≈ Hcp hy‡n-

°p- am-{Xsa t_m[Øn\v tZlhpambn _‘an√ F∂v Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

Cu `qan-bn¬ kpJ-ambn \ne-\n¬°m≥ {]IrXn kzm`m-hn-I-

ambn \¬Ip∂ hkvXp-h-l-Iƒ am{Xw aXn. Bcm-[-\bpw {]m¿∞-

\bpw D]-hm-khpw [ym\hpw Iem-]-ßfpw bp≤hpw hnπhhpw

H∂pw \ne-\n¬∏n\v Bh-iy-an-√. a‰p PohPme-ßfn¬- \ne-\n¬∏n-

\m-bp≈ t]mcm- -ßƒ ImWm-sa¶nepw Bcm-[-\bpw {]m¿∞-\bpw

P]hpw D]-hm-khpw [ym\hpw H∂pw ImWm-dn-√.

At∏mƒ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a-ap≈ a\p-jy-cmWv kzm¿∞X sIm≠pw

{]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-h¿≤-\hp sIm≠pw Cu qansb Hcp {`m¥m-e-b-am°n

am‰n-b-Xv.

kzm¿∞X sIm≠v {`m¥v ]nSn-®Xv tZl-]-Zm¿∞-Øn-\√ adn®v

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn-\m-Wv. kzm¿∞X a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠v.

Pohs‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-W-Xv. F∂m¬ Ah-bn¬ AXv {`m¥mbn

amdp-∂n-√.

tZl-]-Zm¿∞w Hcp \izc hkvXp-hm-Wv, AYhm {à-am-Wv.

X\nsb \in-°p-Ibpw D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv AXns‚

{]tXy-I-X. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Poh\pw ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw Nm{In-I-amWv

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \nco-£-I-\mbn tZl-tØmSv en¶v sNøp∂ t_m[w

141Xm≥ Poh-\m-sW∂v [cn-®m¬ \nco-£-I\pw Nm{In-I-X-bn¬ s]Spw.

Cu Nm{In-I-X-sbbmWv ]p\¿P∑w F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

tZlsØ C√m-Xm-°n-b√ tam£w t\Sp-∂-Xv. tZlw Xm\m-

sW∂v {àn-°p∂ hy‡n-t_m[w Xs‚ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp

IS-°p-∂XmWv tam£w. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏pw

\mi-hp-ambn Xpco-bm-\p- h-Øn\v bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.

kz¥w t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ D≠mb {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a-ßsf

C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ AYhm Ahbv°v km£n-bm-bm¬ a\p-jy-tZlw

a‰p arK-ß-sf-t∏mse \ne-\n¬°pw. AXn-\m¬ A\yw \n∂p t]mIp-

sa∂ Bi¶ th≠.

AssZz-Xm-\p- hw AYhm tam£m-\p- hw tZlsØ C√m-Xm-

°-e-√. tZl-hp-ambn en¶v sNbvXv hy‡n-t_m-[-ambn \n¬°p∂

Rm≥ F∂ t_m[w, tZlhpw Xm\p-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an√

F∂-\p- -hn-°p-∂-XmWv tam£w.

tZlw Ds≠-¶nepw Cs√-¶nepw tam£m-\p- hw km≤y-am-Wv.

Bt]-£n-I-X-bpsS {àm-\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v tam£w

A\p-`-hn-°pI km≤y-a-√. AXn-\m¬ Bt]-£n-Im-\p-`-h-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°-Ww. \n¿Δm-Wbpw tam£hpw \nXy-Po-h\pw,

Adn-thm, t\´tam A-√. Bt]-£nI A\p- -hØn\v AXo-X-amb

bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb AkvXnXz A\p- -h-am-Wv F-∂mWv t_m[-

imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

80. in:˛ F¥mWv tam£m-\p-`hw? \n¿Δm-W,- \n-Xy-Po-h≥,-

kz¿§w F∂o ]Z-ßƒ sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv CXv Xs∂-

bmtWm?

amÃ¿:- tZlw Ds≠¶nepw Cs√¶nepw ‘Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p’F∂ A\p- hw BWv tam£m-\p- -hw. -A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßsf

D]-tbm-Kn®v Xm≥ \nco -£-I\mWv F∂v sX‰n -≤-cn -°p∂

t_m[sØ, Xm≥ \nco-£-I-\√ shdpw Hcp km£n -am-{X-amWv

AYhm A\p- -h-ßƒ _m[n-°mØ ip≤ t_m[-am-sW∂v t_m≤y-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv tam£w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v142Rm\√msX as‰m∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv as‰m-c-

\p- -hw. kz¥w `mcybpw a°fpw hoSpw hbepw Hs° F{X-tØmfw

bmYm¿∞ym-\p- hßfmtWm AXn-t\-°mƒ Bbncw aSßv bmYm¿

∞y-amWv ‘Rm≥’ am{Xw \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ tam£m-\p- -hw.

Pm{KXv F∂ t_m[-X-e-Ønse A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

DW¿®-bmWv tam£w. A√msX tZl-Øn-s‚tbm Poh-s‚tbm thZ-

\-bp-sStbm qan-bp-sStbm XS-h-d-bn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN-\-a-√. H∂nepw

\n∂p≈ kzmX-{¥y-hp-a-√.

Pm{KXv D≈Xv \in®p t]mIp∂p F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. kz]v\w C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

kpjp]vXn A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw C√ F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

kpjp]vXn Hgn-®p≈ F√m A\p-`-hß-fnepw ‘Rm≥ \ne-

\n¬°p∂p’ F∂ Adnhpw A\p- -hhpw D-≠v. F∂m¬ tam£m\p -

h-Øn¬ am{Xw ‘Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p’ F∂ A\p- -ha√msX as‰-

s¥-¶nepw \ne\n¬-°p∂p≠v F∂- A-\p`hw Xosc C√. CXp-sIm-

≠mWv tam£m-\p- -hsØ DW¿® F∂ hm°p sIm≠v hnti-jn-

∏n-®-Xv.

\n¿ΔmWbpw \nXy-Po-h\pw GI-tZiw tam£-Øns‚ A¿∞w

Xs∂-bmWv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ kz¿§hpw ]dp-Zo-kbpw

s]mkn-‰o-hmb A\p- -h-ßƒ am{X-ap≈ Hcp km¶¬∏nI CS-am-bn-

´mWv F√m aX-°mcpw ImWp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠Xv {`aw Xs∂-bm-

Wv.

81. in:˛ hnIm-cßfpw A\p- -h-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymk-ßƒ

F¥mWv? F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Aßv F√m A\p- -h-ß-sfbpw hnIm-

cm-\p-`-h-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-∂Xv? hnIm-c-ßfpsS {][m-\-s∏´

{]h¿Ø\w Fs¥-√m-amWv ?

amÃ¿:˛ hnIm-c-ßƒ A\p- -h-sØbpw A\p- -h-ßƒ hnIm-c-

ß-sfbpw krjvSn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv c≠n-t\bpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv

hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

AJ-WvV-˛-\n-›-e-˛-\n- wK t_m[sØ Bh-cWw sNøpI;

hnt£-]Ww F∂ {]Xn-`mkw sIm≠v C√m-Ø-Xns\ Ds≠∂v

143tXm∂n-∏n-°pI Ch-bmWv hnIm-c-ß-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\w. Cu {]h¿Ø-

\sØ thZm¥w amb F-∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. amb Hcp i‡n-bm-

sW∂v Icp-Xn-bm¬ amb i‡n Xs∂bmWv. As√-¶n¬ Im\¬

Pew-t]mse C√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.

hnIm-c-ßƒ i‡-am-bm¬ A\p- -h-ßƒ i‡-am-Ipw, A\p- -

h-ßƒ i‡ambm¬ kw -h-ß-fpsS bmYm¿∞yX IqSpw. kw -h-

ß-fpsS bmYm¿∞yX IqSn-bm¬ {àhkvXp-°ƒ \iz-c-a√ F∂v

tXm∂pw. AXn-\m¬ {àØn¬ \n∂pw Hcp ImeØpw Hcp P∑-

Ønepw DW-cm≥ km≤y-a-√m-Xm-Ipw.

82. in:˛ ZpxJhpw kt¥m-jhpw am\-knI A\p- -h-ßfpw; thZ-

\bpw kpJhpw imco-cnI A\p- -h-ß-fp-am-Wv. Ah-bn¬ ZpxJhpw

kt¥m-jhpw bmYm¿∞yw Ipd™ A\p- -h-ßfpw; thZ-\bpw kpJ

hpw bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb A\p-`-h-ßfpamWv F∂v hy‡-am-Wv.

bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb thZ-\-bpsSbpw kpJ-Øn-s‚bpw 85%˛tØmfw

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v hnLSn-∏n-®mWv ZpxJhpw kt¥m-

jhpw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xv F∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\p-

jys‚ Pohn-XsØ arK-ß-sf-°mƒ A[x∏-Xn∏n-°p-∂Xv Cu hyXym-

k-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy-cn¬ {]Xn-Im-chpw `bhpw ac-

Ww-hsc amdmsX \n¬°p-∂Xv F∂mWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Ah-t_m-[-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw sIm≠p-≠mb Cu {àm-\p- -h-

ßƒ cmk -bm-Ym¿∞y-am-sW-¶n¬ kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw cmk

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fm-sW∂v hcpw. ZpxJ-Øns‚ A`mhw kt¥m-jhpw

thZ-\-bpsS A`mhw kpJ-hp-am-sW-∂mWv ‘t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn\v

Hcp ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬’ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ch sshcp-≤y-am-Ip-

I-bns√?

amÃ¿:- ZpxJw am\-knI A\p- -h-am-Wv. ZpxJ-Øns‚ A`mhw

kt¥mjw Xs∂-bm-Wv. kt¥mjw cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ sIm≠v D≠m-

Ip-∂-Xp-a-√. AØcw kt¥m-j-sØ-bmWv \n w-KX AYhm ]c-

am-\μw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

ZpxJ-Øns‚ t{kmX- n¬ sN∂v ZpxJw Xm≥ k¶¬∏n®v D≠m-

°n-b-Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°pIbpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-

gmWv a\ v \n w-K-am-Ip-∂-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v144AXp-t]mse \n w-K-Xsb D∑m-Z-sa∂ sshIm-cnI kt¥m-j-

am°n am‰m≥ \ap°p Ign-bpw. Sn.hn., kn\na, hmb\, hnhn[ Xcw

hnt\m-t[m-]m-Zn-Iƒ Ch-sb√mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn \n w-K-Xsb

hn -Pn®v D∑m-Z-Øns‚ cmk-h-kvXp-°sf D¬∏mZn-∏n°mw, D∑mZw

A\p- -hn-°mw. F∂m¬ D∑m-Z-Øn\v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønb D]m[nsb

]n≥h-en-®m¬ D∑mZw C√m-Xm-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Bkz-Zn®p

sIm≠n-cp∂ kwKoXw \n∂v t]mbm¬ kt¥m-j-an-√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xv.

thZ-\-bn-√mØ Ahÿ (]q¿Æ BtcmKyw) ico-c-Øns‚

\n w-K-X-bm-Wv, AXv ]c-am-\μw Xs∂-bm-Wv. ssewKnI {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ sIm≠v Cu ]c-am-\-μsØ ssewKnI D∑m-Z-sa∂ kpJ-Øn-

te°v Db¿Øm≥ Ign-bpw. CXmWv cXn-kp-Jw. CXv cmk- hkvXp-

°ƒ sIm≠p≈ kpJw Xs∂-bm -Wv. Nne ssewKnI

tlm¿tamWpIfpsS {kh-ß-fmWv Cu kpJsØ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-Xv.

t_m[-Øns‚ \n w-KX F∂ ]c-am-\μw Hc-\p- -h-a-√. ]c-am-

\-μsØ A\p- -h-am°n am‰-W-sa-¶n¬ hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v \n w-

K-X sb hn -Pn-°-Ww. AXn\v hn -Pn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp D]-IcWw

thWw. B D]-I-c-W-amWv a\p-jy-a-kvXnjv°w. Cu akvXn-jv°sØ

t_m[w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ krjvSn-°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv,- a-dn®v {à-Øn-

eqsS D≠m°n ImWn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv akvXnjv°w

Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°m-Ø-Xv. {àw F∂m¬ \izc hkvXp-°ƒ

sIm≠v D≠m-°p∂ A\p- hw F∂mWv A¿∞w. Jc-h-kvXp-°fpw

{Zmh-I- -hm-XI X∑m-{X-Ifpw,ssh-ZypX Im¥nI Xcw-K-ßfpw \mVo-

tIm-i-ßfn¬ D≠m-°p∂ a¿≤hpw {]I-º-\-ßfpw akvXn-jv°w

t_m[Øn\v \¬Ip-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ A\p- -h-ß-fmWv {]]-©hpw

Poh-Pm-e-ß-fpw. akvXnjv°hpw t_m[hpw Hcp-an®p \n∂m¬

am{Xsa {]]-©m-\p- hw D≠m-Ip-I-bp-≈p. Ah-bn¬ GsX-¶nepw

H∂v A{]-Xy-£-am-bm¬ F√mw \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ A\p-`hw

C√m-Xm-Ipw.

{à-Øn-eqsS D≠m°n ImWn-°p∂p F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ AXv

D≈Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. ImcWw AXv D◊-bpsS A\p- -h-am-Wv. ÿe-

145˛-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ ]Zm¿∞hpw Du¿÷-hp-am-WXv.

kz]v\w t]mse C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂ tXm∂-e√.

ZpxJhpw kt¥m--jhpw DW¿∂n-cn-°p-tºm-gp≈ kz]v\-am-Wv.

Ah a\ ns‚ {]I-º\ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv. _p≤n t_m[sØ

Ah-t_m-[-ambpw {i≤-bmbpw Hm¿Ω-bmbpw A\p- -h-ambpw kzoI-

cn®v, C√mØ ZpJ-sØbpw kt¥m-j-sØbpw k¶¬∏n®v D≠m°n

A\p- -hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXv Db¿∂ t_m[m\p`hamb ]c-am-\μsØ

ad-®p-]n-Sn-°p∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øns‚ Bh-c-W-w sNøpI F∂

kz`m-h-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ ZpxJØns‚bpw kt¥m-jØns‚bpw

hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am-°n-bm¬ AYhm Cu Bh-cWw \o°w

sNbvXm¬ am{Xsa t_m[sØ ssZh-ambn A\p- -hn-°m≥ I-gn-

bp. AXn\v ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw t{kmX- n-s\-

°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhp am{Xw aXn.

hn{à aXn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fmWv Cu Bh-c-WsØ D≠m-°p-∂Xpw

GXv _p≤n-am-s\bpw ss\an-jnI hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v I_fn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xpw. hn{à- aXn-{à hnIm-c-ß-sf∂ Bh-cWsØ \o°w sNøp-

tºmgp-≠m-Ip∂ A\p`h-sØ-bmWv bYm¿∞ t_mt[m-Zbw

AYhm Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

thZ-\bpw kpJhpw {à- hnImcm\p- hß-fmWv. CXv Xmgv∂

t_m[-Øns‚ {]t£-]-W-sa∂ Ign-hn¬ \n∂v D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXm-bXv tIhe bmYm¿∞yamb alm-t_m[sØ ad-®p-]n-Sn®v a‰p

]e-Xm°n ImWn-°p∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn-ep≈ _p≤n-bpsS kq{X-

am-W-Xv. AXv \mVotImiß-fn¬ sNep-Øp∂ a¿±--Øns‚ {]I-

º-\-ßƒ aqew D≠m-Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv. AYhm t_m[sØ tZl-]-

Zm¿∞hpw {]]-©-hp-am-sW∂v a¿±w sIm≠v tXm∂n-∏n-°-em-W-Xv.

‘Alw {_“m-kvan’, ‘XØz-a-kn’, ‘Rm≥ Xs∂ AXv’. F√m

Ncm-N-c-ßfnepw ssZh-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw D≠v F∂ XXz-im-kv{X-

ßƒ t_m[-Øns‚ {]t£-]-W-sa∂ {]tXy-I-Xsb Xncn-®-dn-bm≥

Ign-bm-Xn-cp∂ ⁄m\n-Iƒ°p ]‰nb A_-≤-ß-fm-Wv. Xm≥ Hcp

hy‡n-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂-h\v am{Xsa ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘\o’ F∂pw

‘Ft‚Xv-’F∂pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

X∂n¬ Xncn-®-dn-hpw {i≤bpw Hm¿Ωbpw A\p`hhpambn

\n¬°p∂ t_m[w F¥m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°msX t_m[w {]t£-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v146]-W-Øn-eqsS ImWn®p Xcp∂ {à-h-kvXp-°-fmb tZlhpw {]]-

©hpw hy‡n-Xzhpw F√mw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw;

Xm≥ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-h-sb√mw \iz-c-am-sW∂v Adn-™n´pw Ah-

sb√mw bmYm¿∞y-ß-fm-sW∂ coXn-bn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-

t∏m-gmWv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v CØcw Adn-hp-Iƒ cq]w sIm≠-Xv.

\iz-c-h-kvXp-°-fnepw Poh-\nepw A\-iz-c-\mb ssZh-Øn\v

Fßns\ \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bpw? {]I-º\w sIm≠pw a¿±w

sIm≠pw t_m[w {àn®p ImWp-Ibpw A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂

{]]-©hpw hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw Fßns\ bmYm¿∞y-amIpw?

AXp-sIm-≠mWv C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ Hcp _p≤n-am\pw t_m[-

sØ-°p-dn®v A-t\z-jn-°msX t_m[sØ Bh-c-Ww sNbvX-t∏m-

gp-≠mb -AYhm t_m[w {]I-ºn-X-am-b-t∏m-gp-≠mb ZpxJ-sØbpw

kt¥m-j-tØbpw Ipdn®v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ ZpxJØns‚ {]I-

º\sØ Fßns\ C√m-Xm°n kt¥mjØns‚ {]I-º-\-ßsf

h¿≤n-∏n-°m-\p≈ D]m-[n-Ifpw XXz-im-kv{X-ßfpw Is≠-Øn-b-Xv.

Ch-sc-bmWv ⁄m\n-Iƒ AYhm BƒssZ-h-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-

∂-Xv.

t_m[w {]t£-]Ww sIm≠v kXy-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

tZl-sØbpw {]]-©-sØbpw Ipdn®v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw At\z-jn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvX-h-sc-bmWv imkv{X-⁄-sc∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

thZ-\bpsS a¿±sØ Ipd®v kpJØns‚ a¿±sØ h¿≤n-∏n-

°m-\p≈ imkv{Xob I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw -a-c-W-sØ

AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ am¿§-ßƒ Dt≠m-sb∂v At\z-jn-°p-∂Xpw Ch-

cm-Wv. {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ D≠m-°p∂ a¿±-Øns‚ {]t£-]-W

kz`mhsØ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ch¿ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. Chsb√mw {]t£-

]-W-am-sW-∂-Xns‚ G‰hpw henb sXfnhv Ah-bpsS \iz-c-X

Xs∂-bm-Wv.

{àw {]t£-]Ww BsW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. \mw

ImWp∂ kn\na C√m-ØXv D≠m°n ImWn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Adn-

bm≥ {]tXy-In-s®m-c-dnhpw Bh-iy-an-√. kn\n-am-{]-t£-]Ww \n¬°p-

tºmƒ kv{Io≥ Imen-bm-Ip-∂Xv {i≤n-®m¬ aXn. AXp-t]mse Dd-

ßp-tºmƒ AYhm t_m[w akvXn-jv°-tØmSv en¶v sNøm-Ø-t∏mƒ

147A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw C√m-sb∂v Znh-khpw \mw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv

Xs∂ Pm{K-Xv F∂ {àw {]t£-]-W-am-sW-∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv.

hnIm-c-ßƒ \n w-K-am-bm¬ t_m[-w Bh-cWw \o°n ]pd-

Øp-h-cpw. AXm-bXv {]I-º-\-an-√mØ t_m[w _m°n-bm-Ipw.

]n∂oSv D≈Xv {àm-\p- hw F∂ {]t£-]-W-am-Wv. {]t£]-W-sa∂

{àmhÿ-bn¬ tZlhpw {]]-©hpw \iz-c-a-mb c≠v hkvXp-°-fm-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™v A\p- -hn-°m≥ hfsc Ffp-∏-am-Wv. ImcWw

AhnsS \iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-am°n tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-c-ßfpsS {]I-º-\-ß-ƒ C√.

AXm-bXv bYm¿∞ t_mt[m-Zbw AYhm Bfl-km-£m-

Xv°mcw e`n-®-h\v P\-\-˛-a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-W-cm≥ hfsc

Ffp∏w Ign-bp-sa-∂¿∞w.


“{]I-º-\-ßƒ Hcp {]tXyI ÿe-Im-e-Øn¬ km{μ-am-Ip-

tºm-gmWv Ah ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw Poh-\p-ambn tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

t_m[w Xs‚ Xs∂ t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ D≠m-°p∂ {]I-

º-\-ßsf ]Zm¿∞-ß-fmbpw Du¿÷-ambpw Poh-\mbpw {àn®v

A\p-- hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ch {]I-º-\-ambn Xncn-®-dn™v km£n-

bm-bm¬ Ch-sb√mw kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse

A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw.”

A≤ymbw ]Xn-\mdv

t_m[-Ønse NXp¿am\ kn\na

83 in:-˛ t_m[-Øns‚ Bh-cWw, {]t£-]Ww F∂o c≠v

{]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv {]]-©m-\p- hw F∂v thZm¥-Øn¬ ]d-™n- p-

≠v. t_m[-imkv{Xw AXn¬ \n∂v Fßn-s\-bmWv hyXy-kvX-am-

Ip-∂Xv?

amÃ¿:˛ {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠mWv t_m[w

Xs∂-Øs∂ Bh-cWw sNøp∂-sX∂pw Xs∂ tZl-ambpw {]]-

©-ambpw {]t£-]Ww sNøp-∂Xv F∂pw C∂v e`y-amb thZm¥-

Øn¬ ]d™Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. thZm¥-Øn¬ Imcy-Imc-Wap≠v

AXv bp‡n-bm-Wv. kq£va \nco-£-W-amWXv, _p≤n-°Xv kzoIm-

cy-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AXns‚ t{kmX- n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhn-√.

AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ Imcy-Im-c-WsØ C√m-Xm°n tam£w t\Sm≥

Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

t_m[-imkv{Xw Hcp ]pXnb imkv{X-a-√. aX-ßfpw thZm-¥-

ßfpw ]dbm≥ hn´p-t]m-btXm AYhm Ime-∏-g-°w- sIm≠v \jvS-

s∏-´p-t]m-btXm Bb kXy-ßsf bp‡n-bn-epw hy‡-X-bnepw

{]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ {ian-°p∂ imkv{X-am-Wn-

Xv. hnizm-ksØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn ImcyIm-cWßfn¬ \iz-c-Xsb

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-®m¬ Bi-b-ßƒ hnI-

e-ambn, _p≤n kXyw Is≠-Øp∂Xn¬ ]cmPb-s∏-Spw. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv thZm-¥-ß-sf-t∏mepw ùXnI imkv{Xw AwKo-Icn-°msX

t]mb-Xv.

Bflob imkv{X-ß-fnepw thZm-¥-ß-fnepw Ib-dn-°q-Snb

anØpIfpw hnizm-k-ßfpw aqeIrXn-I-fn¬ ImW-W-sa∂v \n¿∫-

‘-an-√. ]eXpw ]n∂oSv Iqń -tN¿°-s∏- -h-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.-

tIhe bmYm¿∞y-Øn-se-Ønb Hcp AssZzX A\p-`hn

kXysØ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Hcn-°epw anØp-Ifpw hnizm-k-ßfpw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bn-√. bmYm¿∞ysØ sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°m≥ am{Xsa

Chbv°v Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

149anÃnIv A\p- q-Xn-I-fpsSbpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp imkv{X-

a√ thZm-¥-ß-sf∂v ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’ hy‡-am°p∂p≠v. \nkzm¿

∞-X-bnepw \n w-K-X-bnepw \n∂p sIm≠mWv thZm-¥n-Iƒ AkvXn-

Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w {Kln®-Xv. AXn\v Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn® am¿§w

kq£va \nco-£-W-am-Wv. Cu \nco-£-W-sØ-bmWv Ah¿ [ym\w

F∂v hnfn-®-Xv. A√msX IpWvV-en\n i‡n-Ifpw AXo-{μnb i‡n-

Ifpw \nKqV Du¿÷hpw DW¿Øp∂ [ym\ coXn-Iƒ thZm-¥n-

Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- n-√. Ah-sb√mw ]n∂oSv Iqń-t®¿°-s∏- -Xm-Imw.

\iz-cXsb ad∂p, {à-˛-hn-{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ D≠m°n

ImWn® bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v kXyw Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-

®t∏mgmWv uXnI imkv{Xhpw thZ-ßfpw aX-ßfpw cq]w sIm≠-

Xv. \iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈ i‡-

amb Bbp[-amWv hnizmkhpw- s]mkn-‰o-hmb Nn¥-Ifpw {]hr-

ØnIfpw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ska-‰nIv aX-ßƒ Ahsb t{]m¬km-

ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

ùXnI imkv{X-Øn\v hnizm-ksØ kzoI-cn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√.

AXn\m¬ A-h¿ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv bp‡n D]-tbm-K-

s∏SpØn. bp‡n ImcyImcW _‘-am-sW-¶nepw Bt]-£n-Ihpw

D]m-[n-Ifn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amWv F∂ Imcyw ùXnI imkv{Xw

kuI-cy-]q¿Δw -ad∂p If-™p.

Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂v PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ°m-

h-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-ßfpw {]Xn-Im-c-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ Bbp-

[-ßfpw D≠m-°m-sa∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°nbncp∂p.

bp‡nbpw A\p- -h-ßfpw Bt]-£n-I-am-bm¬ AXv A‘-hn-

izmkw t]mse Xs∂ A]-I-S-Im-cn-bm-Wv. ImcWw AXv hn{ -a- -a-

Xn-{`-a-˛-hn-Im-cm-\p-`-hß-sf IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ bmYm¿∞y-am°n

am‰pw. t_m[sØ ad®p ]nSn-°p∂ BhcWØns‚ Iń Iq´pIbpw

{]t£-]-W-Øns‚ hy‡X h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

Ch-sbm∂pw sX‰m-sW-∂√ CXn-\¿∞w. Ch-sb√mw \ap°v

PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. Bbp-[-ßƒ sIm≠v

]c-kv]cw X√n acn-°mw. F∂m¬ Ch {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v150ß-fm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv Hmtcm \nan-jhpw ad-°msX \ne-\n¿Øm≥

\ap°p Ign-b-Ww. As√-¶n¬ P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hcp-

Im-eØpw DW¿∂v \nXyX {]m]n-°m≥ km≤y-a-√mXmIpw.

84. in:˛ ]ns∂bpw Hcp tNmZyw DØ-c-an-√msX _m°n-bm-Ip-

∂p. tZl-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-amtbm, PohnXw

]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-ImØ imco-cnI thZ-\-bm-sWt∂m, F√mw \iz-c-

am-sWt∂m D≈ Adn-hp-sIm≠v X≈n-bm¬ B \nanjw Xpco-bm-

\p- -h-Øn-te°v DW-cm-sa-∂mWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Aßn-s\-bm-

bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ CXv a\- n-em-°nb Cu \nanjw Rm≥ t_m[w

Db¿∂v Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØp-am-bn-cp-∂p, F¥p- sIm-≠mWv

Aßns\ kw`hn°m-Ø-Xv ?

amÃ¿:˛ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ kXy-sa∂v t_m[n-∏n-°p∂ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{à hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßfpw thZ-\sb∂ {àm-\p- -hhpw Pm{KXv F∂

{àsØ kXy-sa∂v t_m[n-∏n-°p∂ A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. Cu A\p- -

h-ßƒ C√m-Ø-h-sbt∂m \iz-c-sat∂m Nn¥-Iƒ sIm≠pw bp‡n

sIm≠pw Adn-bm-sa-∂-√msX A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√,

Hcp t_m[ -X-e-Ønse Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p`h-ßfpw B t_m[-

X-e-Øn¬ h®p-Xs∂ C√m-Xm-°mt\m X≈mt\m km≤y-a-√.

Imcy-Im-c-W-ß-fn¬ AYhm D]m-[n-I-fn¬ A√ Xm≥ Pohn-°p-

∂Xv F∂v I¿Ω- -[¿Ω-ßƒ sIm≠v a\- ns\ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw

thZ-\-bn¬ `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw \iz-c-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p∂

{]h¿Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏´v a\- ns\ \iz-cX t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-tºmƒ a\ v kmh-[m\w Npcpßn C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw Pm{K-

Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cm≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ

\jvS-s∏- m¬ \n w-K-\m-Ipw, \n w-K-\m-bm¬ \iz-cX A\p- -h-

am-Ipw.- \-iz-cX A\p- -h-s∏- m¬ ZpxJw A{]-Xy-£-amIpIbpw BI-

kvan-I-amb imco-cnI thZ-\-bn¬ kt¥m-j-ambn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-

bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AtXmsS A\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw C√ AYhm A\p-

-h-ßƒ Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂ AssZzX A\p- hw D≠m-Ipw.

CXv Imcy-Im-c-W-ßƒ°v AXo-X-amb Hcp almkw- -h-am-Wv.

CXv A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h\v ]n∂oSv BtcmSpw kwkm-cn-°m\pw CS-]-

g-Im\pw km≤y-a-√m-Xm-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ap‡s\ Bfp-Iƒ

151{`m¥-s\∂pw hnUvVn-sb∂pw IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Aßns\ IW-

°m-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Nne ap‡-∑m¿ Imcy-Im-c-W-ßsf AwKo-I-cn®v

Pohn-°p-∂-Xmbn A`n-\-bn-°p∂p.

Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ ]q¿Æ Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈-h\v a\- ns\ \n w-

K-Xbpw \izcXbpw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \nan-j-ßƒ aXn. AXn-√m-

Ø-h\v F{Xm-bncw h¿jw Ign-™mepw AXv km≤y-a-√.

\nt∂mSv Xs∂-bp≈ \ns‚ Bflm¿∞X ]q¿Æa-√m-Ø-Xp-

sIm-≠mWv CsX√mw Adn™n´pw H∂pw kw -hn-°m-Ø-Xv.

]Ww, {]ikvXn, ssewKnI kpJw Ch-sb√mw shdpsX e`n-

®mepw I¿Ω-{]m-c-_v[-ßƒ sIm≠v t\Sn-bmepw Ah-tbmSv \ncp-

]m-[nIw \n w-K-X ]pe¿Øn-bm¬ a\ v Pm{KXv, {à-amsW∂v

A\p- -hn®v AwKo-I-cn-°pw. Pohn-X-Ønse hepsX∂v tXm∂p∂

Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ch {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-bm¬ a\ v Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v

DW¿∂v {àsØ {à-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°pw. a\- n¬ \n∂pw Adn-hp-

I-sf-b√ Xt≈-≠Xv A\p- -h-ß-sf-bm-Wv. Adnhpw A\p- -hhpw

c≠m-Wv. Adnhv shdpw Nn¥-Ifpw bp‡n-bp-amWv.

icocw \iz-c-am-sW-¶nepw AXv t_m[-Øn¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ thZ\ \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂ H∂-√. Hmtcm P∑-ß-fnepw AXv

\ne-\n¬∏n-s‚bpw tcmK-ß-fp-sSbpw thZ\ A\p- -hn®p sImt≠-

bn-cn-°pw. AXm-bXv Hmtcm ico-c-Øn\pw \mi-ap-≠v, F∂m¬ thZ-

\bv°v \mi-an-√. ImcWw thZ\ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂dnbp∂

t_m[w A\iz-c-\m-Wv. AXn\v P\n-°mt\m acn-°mt\m C√m-Xm-

Imt\m km≤y-a-√. thZ-\-bpsS Cu A\-iz-c-X-bmWv a\p-jy≥ Fßn-

s\bpw tam£w t\S-W-sa-∂-Xns‚ bp‡n. AYhm t_m[w {à-

Øn\v hnt[-b-am-I-cpXv F∂-Xns‚ bp‡n.

ac-WsØ `b-s∏´v \n m-c-amb tcmK-ßƒ°v t]mepw acp-

∂-t\z-jn®p t]mIp∂h≥ acWw bmYm¿∞yamsW∂v AwKo-I-cn-

°p-∂-h-\m-Wv.

GXv thZ-\bpw acWtØmfw \o≠p t]mIs´sb∂v Xocp-am-

\n®v D]m-[nIfn√msX kln-®m¬ a\ v ac-W-sa∂ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw

DW-cm\p≈ km≤yX sXfnbpw.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v152Xmßm-\m-hmØ thZ-\-bn¬ am{Xsa Bip-]-{Xnsb B{i-bn-

°m≥ ]mSp≈p. F∂m¬ A -l-\o-b-amb thZ\ kln-°p-∂Xv

tam£-am¿§-a√, hnUvVn-Ø-am-Wv.

ac-WsØ \n¿`bw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw A l\ob-amb thZ\

kln-°p-∂Xpw c≠m-Wv. F∂m¬ ac-W- bw C√m-sb∂v ]d-bp-

Ibpw \n mcamb thZ-\-Isf `b∂v Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ t]mIp-∂-

h≥ hn{à hnImcw sIm≠v kzbw Iº-fn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

85. in:˛ dnb¬- -sh¿Nz¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-Ifpw F≥ssk-ap-I-fp-

amWv A\p- -h-ßsf krjvSn-°p∂Xv F∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-

bp-∂-Xv. CsXm∂v hy‡-am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ Xpco-b-sa∂ alm-t_m[w Hcp tZl-Øn¬ DW-cp-∂Xv

kzbw {àn-®m-Wv. B {à-Øn¬ Xs‚ Xpco-bm-hÿ AXv ad∂v

t]mIp-∂Xv {à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnImcm\p -h-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂

Bh-c-Whpw {]t£-]-Whpw sIm≠m-Wv. Ch-bn¬ {à-hn-Imcw ]pd-

s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°sf dnb¬ tlm¿tamWpIƒ, F≥ssk-

ap-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Ch s]mkn-‰ohv ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ sIm≠v D≠m-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ CXns\ th¿Xn-cn-°p-hm\pw ]t©-{μn-b-ßƒ

sIm≠v Adn-bm\pw Ign-bpw. Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmWv {]t£-]-

W-sa∂ {àsØ krjvSn®v Cu {]]-©hpw AXnse Ncm-N-c-ßfpw

Poh\pw; {à-Øn-\mbn D]-tbmKs∏Sp-Ønb kz¥w tZlw t]mepw;

bYm¿∞-sa∂v A\p`h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

Ch-sb√mw \iz-camsW∂v Adn-bm-ambncp∂n´pw Hmtcm \nan-

jhpw Cu {à-hn-Imcw \¬Ip∂ A\p- -h-ßƒ sIm≠v B \iz-c-

Xsb t_m[w Xs∂ ad∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu adhn Hcp tZl-

Øns‚ ac-Ww-hsc XpS-cp-Ibpw ho≠pw ASpØ tZl-Øn¬ Bcw-

`n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ sIm≠v akvXn-jv°-Øn¬ ]Xn°p∂

{]I-º-\-ßsf kpJw-˛-th-Z\ F∂nßs\ hn`-Pn-®mWv t_m[w

‘Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p’ F∂ coXn-bn¬ A\p`hn°p∂-Xv.

ssewKnI kpJw, tcmK-ßfpw apdn-hp-Ifpw sIm≠p≈ thZ\ Ch

CXn\v DZmlcWß-fm-Wv.

153Xpco-bm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ t_m[w tZl-Øn-ep-W-cp-tºmƒ AXv

Aht_m[w, {i≤, Hm¿Ω, A\p- hw F∂nh-bmbn Xmgv∂v t]mIp-

∂p. Ch-bn¬ Hm¿Ω A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS {]I-º-\-ßsf Hmtcm

sk°‚nepw XpS¿®-bmbn Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv ‘Rm≥

A\p -hn-°p∂p’ F∂v tXm∂p∂Xv. CØcw Hcp Hm¿Ω a‰p Poh-

Pm-e-ßƒ°v C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ah-bpsS thZ\ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-

ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßƒ D≠m-°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°-sf-bmWv

sh¿Nz¬ AYhm s\K-‰ohv tlm¿tam-Wp-Isf∂pw F≥ssk-ap-I-

sf∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°sf th¿Xn-cn-°p-hmt\m

ImWp-hmt\m Ign-bp-I-bn√ ImcWw Ah s\K-‰ohv ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ

sIm≠v D≠m-°s∏´n´p-≈-h-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ t_m[-imkv{Xw

Chsb an\-tdm-Wp-I-sf-∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. a\- n¬ \n∂pw cq]-

s∏´h F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv Ahbv°v an\tdmWp-I-sf∂ t]cv

\¬In-b-Xv. Cu cmk-h-kvXp-°sf A\p- -hn-°m≥ am{Xsa Ign-bp-

I-bp-≈p. ]t©-{μn-b-ßƒ°v A\p- -h-am-Ip-I-bn-√. tZjyw, {]Xn-Imcw,

A\p-Iº, kvt\lw, Akqb, Bk‡n F∂o hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ

CXn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

a\p-jysc kw_-‘n®v sh¿®z¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ°mWv IqSp

X¬ {]m[m-\yw. \∑-˛-Xn∑, ]m]w-˛-]pWyw, \oXn˛A-\oXn F∂o

hncp≤ t_m[m-h-ÿ-Iƒ Cu sh¿®z¬ tlm¿tamWpIfn¬

\n∂mWv cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞y-a-√mØ Chsb A\p- -h-

Øns‚ ASnÿm-\-Øn¬ bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v [cn-®m¬ Chsb C√m-

Xm-°m≥ Hcp-X-c-Ønepw km≤y-a-√m-Xm-Ipw.

dnb¬ tlm¿tamWn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw D≠mbn \ne-\n∂p

ad-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ (\izcw) tZl]Zm¿∞sØ hmkvXh-sa∂v

tXm∂n-∏n°p∂Xv sh¿®z¬ tlm¿tam-Wp-I-fpsS km∂n≤y-amWv.

Cu tlm¿tam-Wp-Iƒ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xncn-®-dnhp hbv°p∂

Imew apX¬ Hcp a\p-jy≥ \iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°p-

Ibpw AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠v F∂

AssZzX A\p-`hw t\cn´v A\p`hn-°p∂h-\mbn amdpIbpw

sNøpambn-cp-∂p.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v154hn{ -a-˛-a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ß-fpsS km∂n≤yw Cu A\p- -hsØ

Hcm-h-c-W-sa-∂-hn[w aqSn-°-f-bp-∂p. AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ kzm¿∞-

Xbpw \ne-\n¬∏n-\m-bp≈ t]mcm- hpw a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xw C{Xbv°v

{Iqc-am-bXpw thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-bXpw Cu Bh-c-W-Øns‚ Ińbpw

i‡nbpw adhnbpw sIm≠m-Wv. F¥n-t\bpw `b-°p-Ibpw kwi-

bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv Cu hnIm-c-ß-fpsS G‰hpw i‡-

amb {]h¿Ø-\w.

hnIm-c-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Imew Hcp a\p-jy\pw

kam-[m-\hpw kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw kzX-{¥-amb kº-∂-Xbpw

e`n-°p-I-bn-√.

hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-bmbn ]pdØp IS-∂m¬ am{Xsa Pohn-

X-Øns‚ A¿∞w F-s¥∂v A\p- -h-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

86. in:˛tZlw \ne-\n¬t°-bp≈ tam£m-\p-`hw AYhm

AssZz-Xm-\p- hw {à hnIm-cm-\p- -hØnte°v A[-x]-Xn-°mw F∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xv F¥p sIm≠m-Wv ?

amÃ¿:˛ ]q¿Æ-amb \n w-KX, A\p- hßƒ H∂pw, Xs∂

_m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂ A\p- -h-am-Wv. AYhm t_m[hpw tZlhpw

c≠m-sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂-XmWnXv. CXmWv tam£m-\p- -hw.

AssZz-Xm-\p- hw {]Ir-Xym-ep-≠m-bm¬ AXv Nne sshIm-cnI

k¶¬∏-ßƒ°v Imc-W-am-Ipw. Cu k¶¬∏-ßƒ Hcp hy‡nsb

]q¿Æ-amb \n w-K-X-bn-tet°m As√-¶n¬ aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ap≈ Hcp

a\p-jy-ssZ-h-amtbm ⁄m\n-bmtbm Hs° am‰n-tb-°mw. AsX-

¥mbn amd-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv Abm-fpsS kl-Pm-h-t_m-

[-amWv AYhm _p≤n-bm-Wv.

-AssZz-Xm-\p-`-hsØ Bflm¿∞-X-tbmsS i‡-ambn

k¶¬∏n-®m¬, hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v a\ v AXv D≠m°n ImWn®p

Xcpw. -A-Xm-bXv {]Ir-Xymtem k¶¬∏-ßƒ sImt≠m AssZz-

Xm-\p- hw D≠m-bm¬, AXv hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠p≈ {àm-\p- hw

am{X-am-Wv. Cu {àhnIm-csØ bmYm¿∞yw F∂v IW-°m-°msX

\izcw F∂v Xncn-®-dn™p sIm≠n-cp-∂m¬ Abmƒ Pm{KXv F∂

{àm\p`h-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cpw.

155tZlw \ne-\n¬s°-bp≈ Cu DW¿®-sb-bmWv tam£w F∂v

]dbp∂-Xv. AXv Hc-\p- -h-a-√, A\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw Xs∂ _m[n-

°p∂n√ F∂ A\p- -h-am-Wv, CXmWv {àw. {à-Øn¬ hnImcßƒ

h∂m¬ AXv Bt]-£nI A\p- -h-ßfmbn A[x-]-Xn-°pw. AXn-

\m¬ {àhpw {àhnIm-cm-\p-`hpw c≠pw c≠m-Wv F∂v a\- n-

em°mw. AXm-bXv {àw, A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√

F∂ A\p- -hhpw; A\p- -h-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ _m[n-°p∂p F∂

A\p- hw {à-hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-hpamWv. AssZz-Xm-\p- -hsØ ac-Ww-

hsc ÿmbn-bmbn \ne-\n¿Øn-bm¬ ac-W-tijw t_m[-Øn\v

D≠m-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv tam£mhÿ.

87. in:--˛ A\p- -h-ßƒ H∂pw Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂v ]d-

bp-tºmƒ am\-knI thZ\ C√ F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

F∂m¬ imco-cnI thZ\ C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n√ AYhm AXv Xs∂

_m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. CsXm∂v hy‡-

am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ hni-∏v, Zmlw, Aan-X-amb NqSv, XWp-∏v, tcmK-ßfpw

A]-I-S-ßfpw sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ thZ-\-Iƒ Ch AssZz-Xm-\p-`-

hnsb _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ thZ\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂n√

F∂√ A¿∞w. thZ\ Xs∂ _m[n-°p-∂n√ F∂m-Wv.

imco-cnI thZ\ \ncm-i-bmbpw am\-knI ZpxJambpw amdp-∂-

Xn-s\-bmWv _m[n-°pI F∂Xv sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. “thZ\

\ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂m¬ Rm≥ thZ-\n-°p-∂n√” F∂v caW al¿jn

]d-™-Xns‚ A¿∞w AXm-Wv.

{à-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂v acWw C√ F∂v A\p-`-hn-°p∂

Fs∂ imcocnI thZ-\-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xv. imco-cnI thZ-\sb C√m-Xm-°m≥ ⁄m\-Ønt\m km[-\-

Iƒt°m kq£va \nco-£-W-Ønt\m km£n-Xz-Ønt\m Ign-bn-√.

Hcp t_m[-X-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw as‰mcp t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v tZlw

\ne-\n¬s° DW¿∂Xv sIm≠pw Imcy-an-√. ab°v acp-∂p-Iƒ am{X-

amWv AXns‚ GI {]Xn-hn-[n. AXv Xm¬°m-en-Ihpw ico-csØ

]n∂oSv IqSp-X¬ ]oVn-∏n°pIbpw sNøpw F∂mWv saUn-°¬

kb≥kv sXfn-bn-®n- p-≈-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v156P\-\- -a-cW {`a-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Pohn-®n-cns° tam£w t\Sp-∂-

h\v At∏mƒ Xs∂ Xs‚ tZl-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Pohs\ C√m-

Xm-°m≥ Hcp am¿§hpw C√. ImcWw Poh≥ kl-Pm-h-t_m[w

F∂ _p≤n-bn¬ \n∂mWv cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xv. AXpw t_m[w

Xs∂-bm-sW-¶nepw kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ kzbw {]h¿Ø-\-

Øn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ Ah-t_m-[-Øn\v Ignhv \¬I-s∏- n- n-√. Bfl-

lXy am{X-amWv GI t]mwhgn. F∂m¬ AXpw km≤y-a√ ImcWw

Bfl-lXy sNbvXm¬ AhnsS tam£w Hcp D]m[n AYhm Imc-

W-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw. ImcWw F∂m¬ B-{Klw F∂mWv

A¿∞w. B{Klw h∂m¬ t_m[w Bflm-hmbn A[x-]-Xn®v

ho≠pw tZlw kzoI-cn-°pw. \nXy-amb tam£w \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøpw.

AXp-sIm≠v ap‡≥ tZlsØ Aan-X-amb NqSn¬ \n∂pw

XWp-∏n¬ \n∂pw hni-∏n¬ \n∂pw Zml-Øn¬ \n∂pw kwc-£n®v

A]-I-S-ßfpw tcmK-ßfpw hcmsX {i≤-tbmsS kq£n-°p-∂p. Hcp

thZ-\bpw C√msX s]s´t∂m As√-¶n¬ kmh-[m-\tam icocw

ac-W-Øn-te°v ]cn-W-an-°p-hm≥ BImw-j-tbmSpw kt¥m-j-

tØmSpw ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. Fs∂ kw_-‘n®v acWw Fs‚ Pohn-

X-Øns‚ G‰hpw henb BtLmj-am-bn-cn-°pw.

“C√m-bva-bn¬ \n∂v {]I-º-\-ßƒ sIm≠v {]]-©

-h-kvXp-°-tfbpw Poh-t\bpw D≠m-°n-Im-Wn-°m≥ t_m[-Øn\v

Ign-bp-sa-∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv kz]v\w. kz]v\w Pm{K-Øn-t\-

°mƒ Xmgv∂ t_m[-X-e-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv A\p-`-h-ßsf

D≠m-°m≥ ⁄mt\{μn-b-ßƒ Bh-iy-an√m F∂v ImWp-∂-Xv.

Pm{KØv kz]v\tØ-°mƒ Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-am-bXn\m¬

AhnsS {]I-º-\-ßƒ ÿe-Im-e-ß-fn¬ hy‡-ambn \ne-

\n¬°p-∂p. B hy‡-Xsb hcp-Øp-∂Xv A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-

b-ß-tfbpw akvXn-jvI-tØbpw {]I-º-\-ßƒsIm≠v krjvSn®v

AXn-eqsS {`an-®m-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Pm{KØnse F√m A\p- -h-

ßfpw ÿe-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ]cn-Wm-a-hn-t[-b-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v

tXm∂p-∂p”.

A≤ymbw ]Xn-t\gv

⁄m\n-bpsS A[x]-X\w

88. in:˛ Zp»mTyw D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-Ip-Ibpw AXn¬ kzm¿∞

em -ßƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw ap‡n-

bn-te°v Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ t_m[w Db-cp-Ibpw A\p-

`-h-ßƒ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-Ibpw Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂p-sh∂v

Pohn-®n-cns° A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bpIbpw -sNøpsa∂mWv Aßv

]d-bp-∂-Xv. Aßn-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zp»mTyw Bflo-b-XbpsS- Hcp

am¿§am-sW∂p hcpw. CsXm∂v hy‡-am-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ Hcp bp‡nbpw Imcy-Im-cW _‘hpw hkvXp-\n-jvT-

hpa√msX Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ Dd®p \n¬°p∂Xn-s\bmWv

Zp»mTyw, ]nSn-hm-in, [m¿jvTyw Fs∂√mw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hn{ -a- -a-Xn-

{`a hnIm-c-ß-fmb kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cyßfpsS cmk-h-kvXp-°-fmWv

CØcw Zp»m-TysØ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Zp»mTyw Hcp s\K-‰ohv

hnIm-c-amWv. t_m[hpw _p≤nbpw sIm≠v Cu hnIm-c-ßƒ ]n∂oSv

sX‰m-sW∂v Adn-bp-∂Xp sIm≠mWv (cmk-hkvXphns‚ i‡n

Ipd-bp-tºmƒ) a\p-jy¿ ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw bp‡n-sIm≠v \ymbo-

I-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw Bt]-£n-I-amb Imcy-Im-c-Wßƒ sIm≠v

Xs‚ [m¿jvTyw icn-bm-sW∂v a‰p-≈-h-scbpw kzbhpw t_m≤y-

s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian-°pIbpw sNøp-∂-Xv.

Xs‚ Zp»mTyw a‰p-≈-h¿°v tZmj-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-

tºm-gmWv Ip‰-t_m-[hpw ]m]-t_m-[hpw Xn∑-t_m-[hpw I¿Ω- -

ehpw Hs° \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂v Adn-bp-∂-Xv. Chsb C√m-Xm-

°m≥ a\ v I≠p-]n-Sn® kq{X-amWv [ym\hpw, {]m¿∞-\bpw, D]-

hm-khpw, \∑-bpw, kvt\lhpw, Zm\˛[¿Ω-ß-fpw Hs°-bmbn- B[p-

\nI a\p-jys‚ Bflo-b-X-bmbn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv.

D]m-[n°pw bp‡n°pw AXo-X-amb Bflm¿∞X FXn¿ Zp»m-

Ty-ambn sIm≠ph∂v s\K-‰ohv Bb Zp»m-TysØ \n w-K-am-°n-bm¬

am{Xsa Xmgv∂ t_m[-amb a\ v Db¿∂ t_m[-ambn ]cn-W-an-

°p-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-cWw AYhm

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v158kXyw Adn-bWw F∂ s]mkn-‰o-hmb Cu Zp»mTyw ap‡n-bpsS

am¿§-ambn amdn-b-Xv. CXns‚ as‰mcp t]cmWv \qdp iX-am\w

Bflm¿∞-X.

kz¥w hy‡n-t_m-[-sØ-t∏mepw X≈n-°-f-bp∂ Bflm¿∞-

X-bm-W-Xv. Pm{KXv, kz]v\ kam-\-amb \iz-c-Xbm-sW∂v kz¥w

a\- ns\ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Bflm¿∞-X-bm-W-Xv.

P\I alm-cm-Pm-hn\pw `cX alm-cm-Pm-hn\pw {io _p≤\pw

am{Xw Ign-bp∂ Bflm¿∞-X-bm-W-Xv. Cu Bflm¿∞X D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv AjvSm-h{I ap\n shdpw F´p aWn-°q¿ sIm≠v

P\I alm-cm-Pm-hns\ ap‡-\m-°p-∂-Xv.

89. in:˛ Zp»mTyw [m¿jvTyw hmin {]Xn-Imcw ZpjvSX Ch-sb√mw

kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-as√? ]ns∂ Fßns\ Zp»mTyw ap‡n-bpsS am¿§-

amb Bflm¿∞-X-sb cq]-s∏Sp-Øp∂p?

amÃ¿:-˛ H∂v as‰m-∂ns\ lnwk-bn-eqsS `£-W-am°n \ne-

\n¿Øp∂ Hcp temI-sØ-bmWv t_m[w {`a-Øn-eqsS krjvSn-®n-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv krjvSn-bnse G‰hpw henb ZpjvS-

X. At∏mƒ krjvSn-I¿Ωw ssZh-amWv \S-Øn-b-sX∂v hniz-kn-

°p-∂-h¿ ssZhw ZpjvS-\m-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw.

AXp sIm≠v Zp»mTyw hmin {]Xn-Imcw [m¿jvTyw ZpjvSX

Chsb√mw a\p-jy≥ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ F√m Nen-°p∂ PohPme-ß-

fpsSbpw kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-Wv. Cu kl-Pm-h-t_m-[sØ a\p-jys‚

Bflmhv ( Ah-t_m[w) Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ, Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hy‡n-

t_m-[-Øns‚ (Bflm-hns‚) t_m[w hfsc Xmgv∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬

Zp»m-Ty-sØbpw hmin-sbbpw {]Xn-Im-c-sØbpw ZpjvS-X-sbbpw

_p≤n sIm≠v H∂p IqSn i‡-am-°pw. A¬∏w t_m[w Db¿∂m¬

Xs‚ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ kzbw {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]›m-Ø-

]n-°p-Ibpw \∑ sIm≠v ad®p ]nSn-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Ipsd-°qSn t_m[w Db¿∂m¬ Chbv°v km£n-bmbn Ah-bn¬

\n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°p-∂p. km£n-bm-Ip-∂-hs‚ Zp»mTyw 100%

Bflm¿∞-X-bmbn am‰-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ Abmƒ

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ clkyw Adn-bp-Ibpw {`a-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂v

tam£w {]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

15990. in:- AjvSm-h{I ap\n P\I alm-cm-Pm-hns\ C{Xbpw

Ipd™ kabw sIm≠v ap‡-\m-°n-b-sX-ßn-s\-sb∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-

°mtam?

amÃ¿: ]WvVn-X\pw ⁄m\n-bp-amb Hcmƒ P\I alm-cm-Pm-

hns\ Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw AYhm t_mt[m-Zbw t\Sp-∂-Xn\p th≠

ka-b-sØ-°p-dn®v thZm-¥-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n- p≈ `mKw tIƒ∏n-®p.

IpXn-c-bpsS Hcp ]mZm[mcw Nhpń apI-fn-te-°p-b¿∂v c≠m-

asØ ]mZm-[mcw Nhn- p∂ kabw sIm≠v Bfl km£m-Xv°mcw

kw -hn-°p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p AXv.

P\-I≥ hfsc _p≤nbpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw D≈ cmPm-hm-bn-

cp-∂p. DS≥ At±lw Hcp IpXn-csb sIm≠p-h-cm≥ I¬∏n-®p.

F∂n´v Xm≥ ]mZm-[m-c-Øn¬ Nhnń Ib-dp∂ kabw sIm≠v Bfl-

km-£m-Xv°mcw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏- p.

⁄m\n Xs‚ ]cn-anXn cmPm-hns\ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn. {]mtbm-

Kn-I-a-√mØ Hcp XXz-imkv{Xw ]d™p \S∂ ⁄m\nsb At±lw

Pbn-en-e-S-®p. ⁄m\n-Isf∂v ]d™p \S∂ ]e-tcbpw hnfn®p

hcpØn CXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-am°n ImWn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]cm-

P-b-s∏´ Ah-sc F-√m-h-scbpw Pbn-en-e-S-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Aßn-s\-bn-cns° B cmPy-Øp-IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ CS-bmb

AjvSm-h{I ap\n Imcy-ßƒ {Kln®v cmPm-hns‚ kwi-b-ßƒ

Xo¿Øp-sIm-Sp-°m-\mbn sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øn. AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\nbpsS

Bfl-ss[cyw I≠v cmPmhv Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw t\Sm≥ XnSp°w

Iqń. F∂m¬ sIm´m-c-Øn¬ h®v AXv \¬Im≥ Ign-bn√ F∂pw

h\-Øn-\-cn -In¬ Xs∂bpw cmPm-hn -s\bpw hnń´v a‰p-≈-

htcmSv t]mIm≥ I¬∏n-°-W-sa∂pw ap\n cmPm-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy-

s∏-´p.

A{]-Imcw sNbvXv c≠v t]cpw am{X-am-b-t∏mƒ, IpXn-c-bpsS

]pd-Øp-I-b-dp∂ A{Xbpw Npcpßnb kabw sIm≠v Bfl-km-

£m-Xv°mcw e`n-°p-sa∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ thZm¥ `mK-Øns‚

ASpØ mKw IqSn ap\n cmPm-hns\ tIƒ∏n-®p. Hcp -DØa injy\p

am{Xsa A{Xbpw kabw sIm≠v Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw \¬Im≥

Ign-bp-I-bp≈p F∂m-bn-cp∂p AXv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v160D-Øa injy-\m-Im≥ Xm≥ F¥mWv sNtø-≠-sX∂v cmPmhv

Xncn®p tNmZn-®p.

cmPm-hv F∂ Al-¶m-chpw cmPyhpw X\n°v ASn-b-d-sh®v

Kpcp-hmb X∂n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn Iog-S-ß-W-sa∂v ap\n Bh-iy-s∏-

´p. c≠v hmN-I-ßƒ sIm≠v cmPmhv Xs‚ cmP-]-Z-hnbpw cmPyhpw

AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\n°v ImgvN-sh®p Iog-S-ßn.

“sIm≈mw” F∂v ap\n {]Xn-h-Nn-®-tXmsS Bfl-km-£m-

Xv°mcw F∂ {`am-\p- -h-Øns‚ ]cam-\-μ-Øn¬ cmPmhv Hcp {]Xn-

a-sb-t∏mse \n›-e-\mbn AhnsS \n∂p. ap\n A{]-Xy-£-\m-Ip-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

kabw Gsd Ign-™n´pw cmPm-hns\ ImWm-Xm-b-t∏mƒ

{][m-\- a-{¥n°pw a‰pw thh-em-Xn-bm-bn. Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ hn´n´p

t]mb ÿe-sØ-Øn. H∂pw kwkm-cn-°msX {]Xn-a-sb-t∏mse

\n¬°p∂ cmPm-hns\ Ah¿ sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øn-®p. CXn\v Imc-

W-°m-c-\mb AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\nsb Is≠Øn cmPm-hns‚ ap∂n¬

FØn-°m≥ a{¥n I¬∏\ sImSp-Øp.

Aßns\ cmP-k-Z- n¬ sIm≠p-h∂ AjvSm-h-{I-t\mSv

a{¥n°v tZjyw tXm∂n-sb-¶nepw cmPm-hns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ \ne-bn¬

\n∂v ]pdØp sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ ap\n-°-√msX a‰m¿°pw Ign-

bn√msb∂v Xncn-®-dn-™v, Xß-fpsS {]nb-s∏´ cmPm-hns\ ]gb

Ahÿbn¬ Xncn®v \¬Im≥ hfsc _lp-am-\-tØmsS ap\n-tbmSv

-At]£n-®p.

cmPm-hv C-ßs\ Bb-Xn¬ X\n°v bmsXmcp ]¶pw C√m-

sb∂pw AXn¬ kwibw Ds≠-¶n¬ cmPm-hn-t\mSv Xs∂ tNmZn-

°p-hm\pw ap\n a{¥n-tbmSm-h-iy-s∏- p. a{¥n F{X tNmZn-®n´pw cmPm-

hv A\-ßn-bn-√. CXv I≠v a{¥n ap\n-tbmSv Xs∂ At±-lsØ

DW¿Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏- p.

ap\n cmPm-hns\ t]cp-hn-fn-®p, hnfn-tI-´-bp-Ss\ cmPm-hv

ap\nsb \a-kv°-cn®p “Kptcm” F∂v {]Xn-h-Nn-®p. cmPm-hns\ Cu

ÿnXn-bn¬ B°n-bXv Xm\m-sW∂v a‰p-≈-h¿ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p-

sh∂v ap\n cmPmhns\ t_m[n-∏n-®p. CXv tI´-bp-S≥ cmPmhv

tIm]n®v, BcmWv Aßns\ Xs‚ Kpcp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-®-sX∂v

161Bt{Im-in-®p. t]Sn®p hnd® a{¥n cmPmhns\ ]gb Ah-ÿ-bn¬

Xncn®p sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ ap\n-tbmSv ho≠pw At]-£n®p.

F√m-h-tcmSpw Ahn-sS-\n∂v t]mIp-hm≥ ap\n Bh-iy-s∏- p.

Ah¿ t]mb-Xn\p tijw ap\n P\-I-t\mSv tNmZn®p “P\Im \o

F¥m-Wn-ßs\? \o BtcmSpw hyXy-kvX-ambn s]cp-am-td≠ Bh-

iy-an-√. \o Cu cmPy-Øns‚ cmPmhp Xs∂-bm-Wv. cmPm-hmbn Xs∂

Bfl-km-£m-Xv°m-chpw ap‡mhÿbpw XpScmw.”adp-]-Sn-bmbn P\-I≥ ]d™p “Kptcm Rm≥ Aß-bp-tS-XmWv,

Aßp ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Rm≥ A`n-\-bn-°mw”.AjvSm-h-{I≥ XpS¿∂p “{_“-⁄m\w, Bflm¿∞-Xbpw

ss[cyhpw {]m]vXn-bp-w D≈-h\p am{Xsa e`n-°p-I-bp-≈p. AXv

Dt≠m F∂v ]co-£n-°pI am{Xsa Rm≥ sNbvXp-≈p. -\-∂mbn

`£Ww Ign®p hcn-I, cm{Xn apgp-h≥ Rm≥ \ns∂ {_“-⁄m\w

t_m≤y-s∏-SpØn ap‡-\m-°mw”.Aßns\ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw cmP-k-Z- n¬ h®v cmPmhv thZm-¥-

kmcw kXy-sa∂v {]Jym-]n-®p. Hcp IpXn-c-bpsS apI-fn¬ Ib-dp∂

kabw sIm≠v t_mt[m-Z-bhpw (Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw) Hcp cm{Xn-

sIm≠v Poh-∑p-‡nbpw e`n-°p-sa∂v cmPmhv {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

91. in:˛ P\I alm-cm-Pm-hn\v AssZz-Xm-\p- hw e`n-®-Xp-t]mse

F¥p-sIm-≠mWv C{Xbpw Ipd™ kabw sIm≠v F\n°v AXv

e`n-°m-Ø-Xv?

amÃ¿:- shdpw ct≠m apt∂m an\n‰p sIm≠mWv AjvSm-

h{I ap\n P\I alm-cm-Pm-hn\v t_mt[m-Zbw A\p- -h-am-°p-∂-

Xv. c≠v {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ sIm≠mWv cmPmhv Xs‚ A[n-Im-chpw

kºØpw AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\n°p \¬In-b-Xv.

hm°p ]men-°m≥ th≠n kz¥w Poh≥ t]mepw \¬Ip-∂-h-

cmWv £{Xn-b¿. ac-W-tØmfw \o≠p t]mIp∂ Bflm¿∞-X-bm-

W-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah¿°v cmPm-hm-Im≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

Cu Ignhv B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ Ffp-∏-a-√.

ImcWw At\-Im-bncw _‘-ß-fp-sSbpw _‘-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

kzm¿∞-Xm¬∏-cy-ßfpw hmk-\m-tZm-j-ßfpw sh¿®z¬ hnIm-c-ß-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v162fmbn, cmk-h-kvXp-°sf ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-tºmƒ a\ v NXnbpw h©-

\bpw \pWbpw {]Xn-Im-chpw sIm≠v {]I-º\w sIm≈pw. sNdnb

Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse {]h¿Øn-°m\pw {]h¿Øn-°p-

∂Xpt]mse ]d-bm\pw Ign™m¬ Xs∂ henb Imcy-ßƒ

Aßns\ km≤y-a-√.

-AjvSm-h-{I-ap\n cmPm-hn\v t_mt[m-Zbw \¬Ip-I-b√ adn®v

t_mt[m-Zbw kw -hn-°m-\p≈ Bflm¿∞-Xbpw [oc-Xbpw Dt≠m

F∂v kzbw ]cn-tim-[n-°phm\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-I-bmWv sNøp-

∂-Xv.

B ]cn-tim-[\ sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv cmPm-hn\v t_mt[m-

Zbw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Hcp cm{Xn sIm≠v Poh-\p≈ Poh-∑p-

‡s‚ e£Ww am{X-amWv AjvS-mh-{I≥ cmPm-hns\ ]d™p

tIƒ∏n-°p-∂Xv. AXmWv ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’ F∂ at\m-l-c-amb

Imhyw. AjvSm-h{I KoX ap‡n-bpsS am¿§-a-√, ap‡n-bpsS e£-

W-amWv hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ap‡n-bpsS GI am¿§w D]m-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb Bflm¿∞X

am{X-am-Wv. B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn-eqsS am{Xsa

AXv t\Sm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

AsXmcp Iog-S-ß-em-Wv. hy‡nXzw F∂ Al-¶m-csØ C√m-

Xm-°-em-Wv. ap‡n-bpsS e£-W-ßƒ ]d™p tIƒ°p∂ kabw

Xs∂ t_mt[m-Zbw D≈ cmPm-hns‚ a\ v AXv Dƒs°m≠v B

cm{Xn Xs∂ ap‡n-bn-te°v ]cn-W-an-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

B[p-\nI a\p-jy\pw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≠v, F∂m¬ kzm¿∞

Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ t\Sm-\p≈ Bflm¿∞-X-bmbn AXv am‰-s∏´p Ign-

™p. D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈-h-\m-Im≥ B[p-\nI a\p-

jy\v km≤y-a-√. ImcWw \izcX Ahs\ kw_-‘n®v A{Xbv°v

bmYm¿∞y-amb H∂m-Wv.

thZm-¥-ßsfbpw aX-ß-sfbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn ]ptcm-ln-

Xcpw ⁄m\n-Ifpw D≠m-°ns-h® Bcm-[\ km[\mtZmj-ß-

sfm∂pw C√mØ _p≤n-am-\mb Hcp cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂p P\-I≥.

]pWy-{K-Ÿ-Ønse hN-\-ßsf kz¥w A\p- -h-am-°msX D]-tZ-in®

⁄m\n-Isf At±lw Pbn-en-e-S-®Xv CXns‚ sXfn-hmWv.

163Bcm-[\ km[\mtZmj-an-√mØ Hcp hy‡n ]ptcm-ln-

XcpsSbpw ⁄m\n-I-fpsSbpw hymP-Kp-cp-°-∑mcpsSbpw ASn-a-bm-

Ip-I-bn-√.

GsXm-c-dnhpw A\p- -h-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ AXn-s\mcp kμ¿`w

D≠m-I-Ww. B kμ¿`w A\p-k-cn®v AXn¬ Bflm¿∞-Xbpw

D≠m-I-Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xsa Adnhv A\p-`-h-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

kμ¿`hpw kml-N-cyhpw amdn-bm¬ Adnhv Aÿm-\-Øm-Ipw.

ÿm\w sX‰nb Adnhv A\p- -hamIpIbn-√.

thZm¥w P\n® `mc-X-Øn¬ Bfl-km-£m-Xv°m-chpw

ap‡nbpw A]-lm-ky-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw kμ¿`hpw kml-

N-cyhpw am‰p-Ibpw amdpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

kº-Øn-√mbva Pohn-X-Ønse ZpxJambn amdn-bm¬ AhnsS

thZm-¥-km-c-ßƒ°v {]k-‡n-bn-√. Ah-sIm≠v ZpxJw am‰m\pw

Ign-bn-√. B ZpxJw am‰p-∂-Xn\v t_mt[m-Z-b-Øn-s‚bpw ap‡n-bp-

sSbpw Adn-h√ adn®v kºØmWv Ah\v \¬tI-≠-Xv. At∏mƒ

Ahs‚ ZpxJw kt¥m-j-ambn amdpw.

AXn\v ]Icw ⁄m\n-Ifpw Fgp-Øp-Imcpw a\p-jy-ssZ-h-

ßfpw thZm-¥- kmcsØ {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-ß-fm-°p-Ibpw Bkzm-Z-

\-ßfpw hna¿i-\-ßfpw hym-Jym\ßfpw hnI-e-amb kμ¿ -ßfpw

FgpXn mc-Xo-b-tcbpw A\y-tZ-i-Øn-ep-≈-h-tcbpw NqjWw sNøp-

Ibpw kzbw I_-fn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

92. in:- Bfl-km-£m-Xv°mcw e`n-°-W-sa-∂Xv P\-Is‚ B{K-

l-am-bn-cp-∂ns√? AXn-\p-th≠n ImWn® Bflm¿∞X D]m-[n-I-

tfmSp IqSn-b-Xs√?

amÃ¿:˛ t_mt[m-Z-bhpw ap‡nbpw AYhm Pm{K-Øn¬

\n∂p≈ DW¿®bpw D]m[n°v hnt[-b-ambn D≠m-Ip∂tXm D≠m-

°m≥ Ign-bp-∂tXm A√.

`oI-chpw thZ-\n-°p∂-Xp-amb Hcp kz]v\w I≠v \ne-hn-fn-°p-

∂-hs\ as‰m-cmƒ h∂v X´n DW¿Øn kz]v\w anYy-bm-sW∂v

t_m≤y-s∏Sp-Øn-bm¬, Abm-fpsS `bhpw thZ-\bpw am‰n-bXv

Abmsf DW¿Ønb BfpsS Ign-hm-sW∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-°ptam?


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v164AXn¬ Fhn-sS-bmWv D]m[n \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv ? DW¿Øp-∂-h\pw

DW-cp-∂-h\pw t\´hpw \jvS-hp-an√. t\´-ap-s≠∂pw \jvS-ap-

s≠∂pw hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv D]m-[n-Iƒ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

P\-I≥ AjvSm-h-{I-ap-\n-tbmSv t_mt[m-Zbw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-

Øm-\mWv Bh-iy-s∏- -Xv. AXn\v At±lw henb hnebpw sImSp-

Øp. F∂m¬ AjvSm-h-{I≥ cmPm-hn\v A\p- -h-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-

Xn\p ]Icw At±-l-Øns‚ cmP-]-Z-hnbpw cmPyw F∂ kºØpw

\iz-c-amb A\p- -hamsW∂pw AXn-t\-°mƒ hep-Xmbn A\-iz-c-

amb Hcp bmYm¿∞yw Ds≠∂v t_m≤y-s∏Sp-Øn, AXv

Dt]£n°m≥ am{Xsa D]-tZ-in-®p-≈p.

AXn\v cmPmhv ImWn® Bflm¿∞-X-bmWv At±-lsØ

{àhnIm-c-ßfn¬ \n∂v DW¿Øn-bXv AYhm At±-l-Øn\v

t_mt[m-Zbw kw -hn-®-Xn\v Imc-W-am-b-Xv.

Aßns-\ DW-cm\p≈ Bflm¿∞ B cmPm-hn\v D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. ImcWw P\-I≥ Zp»m-Ty-°m-c-\mb cmPm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥

hnNm-cn-°p∂ Imcyw F¥v hne sImSpØpw At±lw \S-Øp∂

kz`m-h-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Pm{K-Xv F∂ {à-Øn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂-

t∏m-gmWv Xm≥ Xs‚ Kpcp-hn\v H∂pw sImSp-Øn√ F∂pw cmPy-

Øn\pw cmP-]-Z-hn°pw H∂pw kw -hn-®n-√m-sb∂pw cmPmhv F∂

Xs‚ Al-¶m-c-amWv \jvS-s∏- -sX∂pw P\-I≥ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv.

sImSp-Øp-sh∂pw e`n®p-sh∂pw tXm∂n-bXv Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬

\n¬°p∂ \nt∂t∏mep≈ ⁄m\n-Iƒ°m-Wv. Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[m-

h-ÿ-bn-te°v P\-I≥ FØn-b-t∏mƒ AhnsS sImSp-°epw

e`n°epw \S-∂n- n-√m-sb∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n. cmPmhv ap\n-

tbm-S√ Bflm¿∞X ImWn-®-Xv. Xt∂mSp Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Db¿∂

t_m[-Øn-se-Øn-b-t∏m-gmWv a\- n-em-b-Xv.

Db¿∂ t_m[-Ønse Bflm¿∞X Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬

{]mtbm-KnIam-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ am{Xsa Pm{K-Xv F∂ {à-Øn¬

\n∂v DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. \mw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-SmWv Bflm¿∞X

ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS kzm¿∞ Xm¬∏-cy-ßƒ t\Sm-\p≈

Bflm¿∞X am{X-am-WXv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv AXns\ kq{Xw F∂v

165hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. AØcw Hcm-flm¿∞X sIm≠v Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw

DW¿∂v tam£w {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AYhm tIhe bmYm¿∞y-

Øn¬ FØm≥ Ign-bn-√.

DW¿®-bn¬ t\ -sam-∂p-an-√. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂p-W-cp∂ Hcmƒ

Pm{KXv t\Sn-sb∂p ]d-bp-I-bn-√.

Xt∂mSp Xs∂-bp≈ Bflm¿∞X sIm≠v Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v

Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n® GI thZm¥ IrXn-

bmWv ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’. C{Xbpw i‡-ambn \n w-K-X-bpsS A\p-

-h-amWv tam£w AYhm Poh-∑p‡n AYhm \n¿ΔmW F∂v ]d-

™n- p≈ as‰mcp IrXnbpw temI-Øp-≠m-bn- n-√. t_m[-imkv{Xw

t]mepw AjvSm-h{I KoX-bpsS A\p-_‘w am{X-am-Wv.

B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-amb

Bflm¿∞-X-bn-te°v \bn-°p∂ am¿§-ß-ƒ am{XamWv t_m[-

imkv{Xw.

C∂v e`y-amb F√m AjvSm-h{I KoX-bpsS ]Xn-∏nepw P\I

alm-cm-Pmhv ap‡n t\Sp∂ IYm-k-μ¿`w bp‡n°v \nc-°m-Ø-hn-

[hpw k-μ¿t`m-Nn-X-hp-a-√msXbpamWv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv Cu IrXn Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏- -Xv. CXns‚ ImcWw Bcm-

[\Iƒ°pw km[\Iƒ°pw hnizm-k-ßƒ°pw AjvSm-h{I KoX-

bpsS Bi-b-ßƒ FXn-cmbXp sIm≠m-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ kq{X-im-en-I-fmb ⁄m\n-Ifpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw

AXn¬ Bt]-£nI bp‡n sIm≠v C√mØ IYm- m-K-ßƒ Iq´n-

t®¿Øv `mhn-X-e-ap-dsb h©n-®p. ssZhw AIØpw ]pdØpw \ne-

\n¬°p∂ i‡nbmsW∂v ]d-bm-Xn-cp∂Xpw ⁄m\hpw [ym\hpw

Bflo-b-km-[-\-Ifpw Bfl-km-£m-Xv°m-c-Øn\pw ap‡n°pw FXn-

cm-sW∂v ]d-™Xpw ‘AjvSm-h-{I KoX’ F∂ cXv\sØ Ipgn-®p-

aq-Sm≥ CS-bm-°n-.

93. in:˛ ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’bpw t_m[-im-kv{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈

hyXym-k-sa-¥mWv?

amÃ¿: Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-hÿ {]m]n-°p∂ HcmfpsS A\p-

`hw F¥m-bn-cn°pw, Abm-fpsS ]n∂o-Sp≈ PohnXw Fßn-s\-bm-bn-

cn°pw F∂v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ IrXn-bmWv ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v166t_mt[m-Zbw hfsc \n m-c-amb Imcy-am-sW-∂mWv ‘AjvSm-

h{I KoX’ {]Jym]n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n´v t]mepw {io _p≤\v t_mt[m-

Z-b-Øn-se-Øm≥ ]{¥≠v h¿jw th≠n h∂p. t_mt[m-Z-b-ap≈

Hcp hy‡n ‘AjvSm-h{I KoX’ Hcp-X-h-Wtbm c≠p Xh-Wtbm

hmbn-®m¬ Abmƒ Pm{KXv F∂ {`a-Øn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂v ap‡-\m-

Ipw.

AjvSm-h-{I≥ P\-Is\ t_mt[m-Z-b-Øn-\mbn Hcp-°p∂

kμ¿`w \n m-c-a-√. cmPm-sh∂ Al-¶m-csØ sX≠n-tbmfw Xmgv-

Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. CØcw Hcp XmgvØ-en\v Bh-iy-amb

Bflm¿∞X cmPm-hn¬ D≠m-°n-bXv AjvSm-h{I ap\n-b-√. cmPm-

hns‚ Bflm¿∞X cmPm-hn\v Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-°m-\p≈ Ah-

kcw D≠m-°pI am{Xsa sNbvXp-≈p.

GsXmcp km[m-c-W-°m-c-\nepw CØcw Hcm-flm¿∞X D≠m-

°m≥ Bh-iy-amb kXy-ßsf imkv{Xo-b-ambn t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-

IbmWv t_m[-imkv{Xw sNøp-∂-Xv. hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

hmk-\-Iƒ sIm≠v \jvS-s∏- p-t∏mb B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ D]m[n-

Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb Ah-\-h-t\mSv Xs∂-bp≈ Bflm¿∞X, A\p-k-

cWw, hnizmkw At\I h¿j-ßƒ sIm≠v kmh-[m\w cq]-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ imkv{Xo-b- am¿§-amWv t_m[-im-kv{Xw.

“ F√m B{K-l-ßfpw Ah \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb

bp‡n-Ifpw Nn¥-Ifpw hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

F\n°v Nn¥-Ifpw B{K-l-ßfpw C√ F∂v Hcp-h\v tXm∂p-∂Xv

t]mepw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS i‡n sIm≠m-Wv. AXn-\m¬ \n w-K≥

BI-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv sIm≠v

\n wK≥ BIm≥ km≤y-a√ F∂v CXn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°mw.

kq£va \nco-£Ww sIm≠v t_m[sØ km£n-bm°n am‰n hnIm-

c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØp IS-°m≥ {ian-°-Ww” .

A≤ymbw ]Xn-s\´v

ssZhw {àn-°p-tºmƒ BƒssZhw

94. in:˛ C{Xbpw \mfsØ Fs‚ Bflo-b-Xbpw Ah-bpsS

A\p- -h-ßfpw aXn-{ -a-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂p≈ Fs‚ Ct∏m-gsØ

Adnhv F\n°v Xmßm-hp-∂-Xnepw A∏p-d-am-Wv. ]s£ kXy-Øns‚

t\sc IÆ-S-®n´v Imcy-an-√t√m. Aß-\p- -hn-°p∂ ssZhw aXn-{ -a-a-

√ AYhm AXo-{μnb A\p- -h-ß-f√- F-∂-Xn-\v F-¥mWv sXfn-hv?

amÃ¿:˛ \o¥-e-dn-bm-Ø-h≥ \o¥-e-dn-bp∂p F∂Xn\v F¥mWv

sXfnsh∂v tNmZn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv. \o¥¬ Adn-h-√, A\p-

-h-am-Wv. ]cn-{iaw sIm≠v B¿°pw Cu A\p- hw kz¥-am-°mw.

AXn\v Adnhv am{Xw t]mcm, ITn-\-amb ]cn-io-e-\hpw thWw.

AXp-t]mse A\p-`-h-ß-sfm-∂p-an√ F∂ A\p-`-h-Øn¬

FØ-W-sa-¶n¬ A\p- -h-ßƒ°v km£n-bm-Im≥ ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww.

]ptcm-ln-Xcpw BƒssZ-h-ßfpw a{¥hm-Zn-Ifpw \¬Ip∂

Adnhpw ]cn-io-e-\hpw sIm≠v e`n-°p∂ ssZhoI A\p- -h-ßƒ

aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. Ah \ne-\n¬°p-∂-X√ F∂Xv F√m-h-cp-

sSbpw A\p- -h-am-Wv. AXv Xs∂-bmWv AXv bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂-

Xns‚ sXfn-hpw. F∂m¬ AssZz-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS D≠m-Ip∂

ssZho-Im-\p- hw Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂-XmtWm F∂v Adn-bp-

Ibpw A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa-¶n¬ Pm-{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬

\n∂v DW-c-Ww.

kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂p-W-cmsX Pm{K-Ønse {àm-hÿ F¥m-

sW∂v B¿s°-¶nepw C∂p-hsc A\p- -h-s∏- n- pt≠m? Pm{K-Xv

F∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnse Nne A\p- -h-ßƒ°v Adnhpw ITn-\-amb

]cn-{i-ahpw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v \o¥¬ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ

Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw Xpcobw F∂

Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v DW-cp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ A\p-`hw

Fs¥-∂-dn-bm≥ F{X-am{Xw Adnhpw ]cn-{i-ahpw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v

Duln®p t\m°p-I.

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v168]d™p tIƒ°p∂ sXfn-hn-s\-°mƒ i‡-am-bXv A\p- -hn-

°p∂ sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv. A\p- -h-ß-sfm∂pw C√ F∂ A\p- -h-

Øn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ km≤y-a-√. hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ°p am{Xsa sXfn-

hp-Iƒ \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. AØcw sXfn-hp-Iƒ Bt]-£o-

I-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. -

95. in:- kl-Pm-h-t_m-[sØ Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v Xncn-®-dn-

bp-tºmƒ D≠m-Ip∂ hnIm-c-ßƒ°v km£n-bmbn \n w-K-am-Ip-

tºmƒ AssZz-Xm-\p- hw e`n°pIbpw Poh≥ \jvS-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

Poh-\n¬ \n∂v ap‡n t\Sm≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøpsa-∂mWv CXn¬

\ns∂√mw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv.

Xn∑-bpsS hnIm-c-ßsf \∑-bpsS hnIm-cßƒ sIm≠v _p≤n-

]q¿Δw ad®p ]nSn®pw; Zp»m-TysØ Dd® Xocp-am\w, e£y-t_m[w

F∂o s]mkn-‰ohv hnIm-c-ßfm°n am‰nbpw hy‡n-t_m[w \in-

°msX Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-

sW∂v hy‡-am-Wv.

kaqlhpw aX-ßfpw hfsc Kuc-h-tØmsS hnZym- ym-k-Øn-

eqsS ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm\pw hf¿Øp-hm\pw {ian-°p-∂-h-bmWv \∑-t_m-

[hpw e£y-t_m-[-hpw. hy‡nsbbpw IpSpw-_-sØbpw kaq-l-

sØbpw sFizcy kº-∂-am-°p∂ KpW-ß-fmWv Ch-sb√mw

F∂mWv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnizm-kw. Cu hnizmkw t]mepw hnIm-

c-ßfm-sW∂v hy‡-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ch-bvs°-Xnsc k©-cn®v

tIh-e-bm-Ym¿∞yØn-se-Øm≥ A{Xbv°v Ffp-∏-a-√.

{`a˛ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßfm-Ip-∂-sX√mw s]mkn-‰ohv s\K-

‰ohv cmk-bm-Ym¿∞yam-Ip-sa∂-Xn-\m¬ hy‡n-t_m[Øn¬ \n∂pw

hy‡n-XzsØ \o°w sNøp-∂Xv hfsc Zpjv°-c-ambn amdp-∂p.

X\ns°-¥mWv kw`-hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v X\n°p

t]mepw a\- n-em-hmØ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Xm≥ Hgn®v

a‰p-≈-h¿s°√mw F¥mWv kw`-hn-®p -sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂mWv

F√m-hcpsSbpw \nco-£-Ww.

kz¥w Bflm-hns\bpw Pohn-X-sØbpw \nco-£n-°m≥ DX-

Ip∂ t_m[w -sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Bflm-hn-s\bpw Pohn-X-

sØbpw F√m-hcpw \nco£n-®m¬, tIhe bmYm¿∞yw Bt]-£nI

169bmYm¿∞y-ambn amdpw. a\p-jy-cpsS F√m ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw Bt]-

£nI bmYm¿∞y-ß-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ tIhe bmYm¿∞y-

Øn-se-Øn-bm¬ Ah-sbm∂pw C√m-Ø-h-sb∂v A\p-`-hn -

°psa∂mWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Xs∂-sØs∂ {i≤n-°m-\p≈ Hcp hmk\ a\p-jy-cn¬ cq]w

sIm≠n-ń√ F∂Xv G‰hpw A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kXy-am-Wv.

AØcw hmk-\sb hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kvIqƒ temIØv Hcn-

SØpw D≠m-bn- n√ F∂Xpw B›-cy-I-c-am-Wv.

Xs∂ Hgn®v _m°n-bp-≈-hsb {i≤n-°m\pw ]Tn-°p-hm\pw

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v hnj-b-ß-fmWv a\p-jy¿ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. Ah-sb√mw Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞ysØ°pdn-®p-≈-h-bm-Wv.

CsX√mw ]Tn-®n´pw kz¥w a\- ns‚ Akz-ÿXbpw imco-cnI thZ-

\bpw F¥p-sIm-≠mWv F∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp kvIqƒ F¥p-

sIm≠v ÿm]n-°-s∏- n√ F∂ Adnhv hnc¬Nq-≠p-∂Xv as‰mcp

kXy-Øn-te-°mWv.

temIØv C∂v Pohn-°p∂ F√m a\p-jycpsSbpw hnIm-cßƒ

H∂m-sW∂pw hnIm-c-ßƒ°v kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-bp-s≠∂pw

_p≤n-bpsS hyXymkw D]-cn-π-h-am-sW∂pw As√-¶n¬ Cu hnIm-

cß-fn¬ _p≤n°v bmsXmcp kzm[o-\-hp-an√ F∂s√ CXn-

s‚sb√mw A¿∞w?

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnIm-cßƒ bYm¿∞ tam£-Øn\pw \n¿Δm-

Wbv°pw FXn-cmbn \n¬°p-∂Xn\v ]n∂n¬ Hcp GI i‡n-bm-

sW∂pw AXv Fgp-∂q‰n Aº-Xn¬∏cw tImSn a\p-jysc Hcp

t]mse _p≤n-°-Xo-X-ambn I_fn∏n°p∂p F∂pas√ CXn\¿∞w?

Cu clky-sam∂v A\mhcWw sNømtam?

amÃ¿:˛ \mw \sΩ {i≤n-°msX a‰p-≈-hsbbpw a‰p-≈h-

scbpw {i≤n-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ Hcp {à-am-Wn-Xv.

a\xim-kv{X-Øn¬ If-Iv‰ohv tIm¨jn-b-kv\kv F∂ Bibw

CØcw \nco-£-W-Øn¬ \n∂v D≠m-b-Xm-Wv. X∂n¬ \n∂v A\y-

amb i‡n-Iƒ {]]-©-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ {àm-\p- -h-am-

Wn-Xv. AYhm NXp¿am\ {]t£-]-W-am-Wn-Xv.

NXp¿am\Øn¬ ÿehpw Imehpw tIhe bmYm¿∞y-ß-f-√.

Ah Bt]-£nI bmYm¿∞y-amWv, AXm-bXv ÿehpw Imehpw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v170\nco-£-Is‚ Ne-\-sØ B{ibn®v amdn-t∏m-Ipsa∂mWv B-[p-\nI

`uXnI imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-®Xv.

Hmtcm hy‡nbpw t_m[sØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Hmtcm {]]-

©sØ {]t£-]Ww sNbvXv AXn¬ Xs‚ tZlhpw Hcp `mK-am-

sW∂v A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw Aßns\ NXp¿am-\-Øn¬ Bt]-£n-I-

amb ÿe- -Im-esØ {Xnam-\-Øn¬ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-

cn-°p-I-bpam-Wv sNøp-∂Xv. AXm-bXv Zznam\ kn\na ImWp-tºmƒ

\mw \sΩ Xs∂ ad∂p t]mIp-∂-Xp-t]m-se.

kz]v\-Ønepw Pm{K-Ønepw F¥v ImW-W-sa∂pw A\p- -hn-

°-W-sa∂pw AØcw GsX-¶nepw Hcp Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ

\ap°v Xocp-am\n-°m≥ km≤y-a-√.

Hcp t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnse k¶¬∏-ß-fmWv as‰mcp t_m[m-h-

ÿ-bn¬ {`a-amtbm kz]v\-amtbm {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

]I¬ ka-bØv \mw Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm k¶¬∏n-

°p-∂-hbpw icoc tImi-ß-fn¬ hmk-\m-tZm-j-ß-fmbn h®n-cn-°p∂

k¶¬∏-ß-fpamWv cm{Xn-bn¬ kz]v\-ambn \mw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-

Xv. AXp-t]mse Xpco-b-sa∂ AJ-WvV-˛-\n-›-e-˛-\n- w-K-amb

t_m[w k¶¬∏n-®-h-bmWv \ap°v Pm{K-Øn¬ A\p- -hamIp∂

{]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw F√mw. Ch-sb√mw k¶¬∏-amWv

F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv Ah-bpsS ]cn-Wm-ahpw \iz-c-X-bpw.

CXmWv krjvSn-bpsS cl-kyw. \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠v a\p-

jy-tZ-l-sØbpw a‰p Ncm-N-c-ß-sfbpw {]]-©-sØbpw krjvSn®v

AXn¬ 750- -tIm-Sn-bn¬∏cw tZl-ß-fpsS ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fn¬ IqSn

Htc Hcp t_m[w ]pd-tØ°p t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ D≠mb A\p- -h-

amWv krjvSn.

kz]v\Ønse kw`h-ßƒ FhnsS \n∂p h∂p-sh∂v Adn-b-

W-sa-¶n¬ kz]v\w ImWp∂-h≥ Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-c-Ww. AXp-

t]mse Pm{K-Ønse {]]-©m-\p-`-h-ßfpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw

tZlhpw Fhn-sS- \n-∂mWv hcp-∂-sX∂v Adn-b-W-sa-¶n¬ Pm{K-

Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-c-Ww.

Xpco-b-Øn¬ t_m[-Øn\v cq]- m-h A\p- h-ßƒ H∂pw C√.

shdpw k¶¬∏-ßƒ am{X-sa-bp-≈p. {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw

171F√mw Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[-Øns‚ shdpw k¶¬∏-ßƒ am{X-am-

Wv. B k¶¬∏-ß-fn¬ Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[w ‘ Dd-ßp-tºm-gmWv ’AYhm adhn _m[n-°p-tºm-gmWv k¶¬∏-ßƒ cq]-`mhw

ssIs°m≠v ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw Poh\pw Pohn-X-hp-ambn Pm{K-Øn¬

DW-cp-∂-Xv. Ch C√m-Ø-h-bm-sW-∂-Xns‚ G‰hpw henb sXfn-

hmWv Ah-bpsS \iz-c-X. F∂m¬ Ah \iz-c-am-sW∂pw k¶¬∏-

ß-fm-sW∂pw A\p- -hn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Xpco-b-Øn-te°v ho≠pw DW-

cWw AYhm adhn amd-Ww.

k¶¬∏-ßfpw Ah-bp-≠m-°p∂ {àm\p -h-ßfpw C√m-ØXpw

\iz-c-hpam-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ft∏mƒ thWsa¶nepw \iz-c-X-bn¬

\n∂v \ap°p ]pdØp IS-°mw. ]pdØp IS-∂m¬ am{Xsa Ah

\iz-cßfmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. Aßns\ ]pdØp IS-°m≥

Ign-bmØXp- sIm-≠mWv \iz-camb hkvXp-°ƒ°pw Poh\pw \ne-

\n¬∏n\pw th≠n \mw bp≤w sNøp-∂-Xv.

Hcp hy‡n-bpsSsbm kaq-l-Øn-s‚sbm \ne-\n¬∏ns\

FXn¿°p∂ as‰mcp hy‡n°pw kaq-l-Øn-\pw, Xßƒ Pbn-®mepw

\iz-cX sIm≠v A¬∏-\mƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ \in®p t]mIp-sa-∂-dn-

bm-sa-¶nepw bp≤-Øn¬ \n∂pw hg-°n¬ \n∂pw ]n∑m-dp-I-bn-√.

CXmWv {à hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Ign-hv. ChnsS bp≤-sa∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ

c≠p hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ A`n-{]mb hyXymkw apX¬ cmP ym-

¥c bp≤w hsc AXn¬s∏-Spw. F√m bp≤-ßƒ°pw \mw ]d-

bp∂ ImcWw hcpw Xe-ap-d-bpsS As√-¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ \ne-\n¬°p-

∂-h-cpsS kpJhpw kam-[m-\-]-c-hp-amb \ne-\n¬∏mWv GI adp-

]-Sn. F∂m¬ Fs∂-¶nepw Cu `mhn Xe-apdtbm Ct∏m-gp-≈-htcm

kam-[m-\-ambn Pohn-°p-∂Xv I≠n- pt≠m?

C∂v temI-Øns‚ Ing°pw sX°p-amWv bp≤hpw ]ń-Wnbp-

sa-¶n¬ \msf ]Sn-™mdpw hS-°p-am-bn-cn°pw F∂ hyXym-k-sa-bp-

≈p.

Nne Adn-hpIƒ A\p- -h-am-°m≥ {à-hn-Im-c-ßƒ A\p-h-Zn-

°p-I-bn-√. \iz-c-\mb Xm≥ F¥n-\mWv \ne-\n¬°m\pw \ne-

\n¬∏n\p th≠n t]mcm-Sm\pw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂-sX∂v tNmZn-°m≥

Bcp-sSbpw hnIm-c-ßƒ kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bn-√. Pohn-X-Øn\v Fs¥-

¶nepw e£y-apt≠m? F∂v Nn¥n-°m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. a\p-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v172jy-cpsS kzm¿∞-Xbpw P\-kw-Jym-h¿≤-\-hp-amWv Pm{K-Ønse

BsI c≠v {]iv\-ßƒ. Ch c≠pw C√m-Xm-°m≥ a\p-jy¿ hnNm-

cn-®m¬ km[n°pw F∂m¬ Bcpw Aßns\ hnNm-cn-°m-dn√ F∂v

am{X-a√ AXmWv a\p-jy-cpsS F√m {]iv\-ß-fp-sSbpw aqe Imc-

W-sa∂v _p≤n-bp-≈-h¿°p t]mepw tXm∂p-∂n-√. Ch-bn¬ \n∂mWv

C∂v a\p-jy¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ \qdm-bncw {]iv\-ßƒ D≠m-b-Xv.

At∏mƒ \iz-c-Xsb A\p- -h-am-°m≥ t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-

I-b-√msX as‰mcp t]mwh-gn-bp-an-√. t_m[sØ Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\v

Hcp bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ÿm]n-®m¬ t]mepw {`a hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

DW-cpI Ffp-∏-a-√.

{`a-hn-Im-c-ßƒ t_m[-Øns‚ Im≥k-dm-Wv. Im≥k-dn-s\-

t∏mse AXn\v kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-bp-≠v. kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-

bp≈ H∂n-t\bpw \in-∏n-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. \misØ AXn-Po-hn-°m-

\p≈ _p≤n kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-ambn Ah-bn¬ D≈-Xn-\m¬ ka-bm-

k-a-b-ß-fn¬ AXv _p≤nsb am‰n sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

\iz-c-Xbpw, C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂ tXm∂epw (kz]v\w) c≠pw

c≠m-Wv. Pm{K-Ønse k¶¬∏-ßƒ kz-]v\-Øn¬ A\p- -h-ambn

hcp-tºmƒ Ah C√m-Ø-h-bm-sW∂v kz]v\-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-

tºmƒ Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw tXm∂p-I-bn-√. Pm{K-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-

tºmƒ am{Xsa Ah C√m-Ø-h-sb∂v tXm∂p-Ibpw A\p- -h-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bp-≈p.

\iz-c-Xbv°v C√m-Ø-Xv, tXm∂¬, amb F∂o A¿∞-ßƒ

sImSp-°p-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv.- Ah D≈Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. kz]v\-sØ-

°mƒ bmYm¿∞yw IqSnb A\p- -h-ß-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v \iz-

cX Adn-hmbn \n¬°p-tºmƒ B¿°pw AXv \iz-c-am-sW∂v A\p-

-h-s∏-Sn-√. kz]v\w Pm{KXv F∂o c≠v t_m[m-hÿIƒ A\p- -

hn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw kabw Ah bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v Hcp Imc-W-

h-imepw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.

Cu {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-X-hp-sa√mw \iz-c-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw

\iz-c-amb Pohs‚bpw {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw clkyw At\z-jn-°p-

∂Xpw Ch-sb√mw alm-kw-`-h-am-sW∂pw AXv ssZh-Øns‚

krjvSn-bm-sW∂pw thZm-¥-ßfpw aX-ßfpw imkv{X-ßfpw DZvtLm-

jn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-Wv ?

173\iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v {àn-∏n-°p-I-bpw \ne-\n¬°m≥

D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ lnwksbbpw ZpjvS-X-sbbpw kzm¿∞-X-sbbpw

ad-°p-Ibpw Ah Pohn-X-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-∏n-°p-IbpamWv hnIm-c--

ß-fpsS tPmen. ùXnI imkv{Xhpw thZm-¥-ßfpw ska-‰nIv aX-

ßfpw Chn-sS-bmWv ]cm-P-b-s∏- -Xv. am\-knI ZpxJ-an-√m-Xm-°m≥

Bflob imkv{X-ßƒ°pw; thZ-\-bn-√m-Xm-°m≥ ùXnI imkv{X-

Øn\pw {]b-Xv\n°mw, AXn\p≈ am¿§-ßƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°mw. AXv

\iz-c-Xsb ad∂p sIm≠m-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.

ZpxJ-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\p≈ am¿§-ßfpw thZ-\sb C√m-Xm-°p∂

imkv{Xob I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßfpsS {]tbm-P-\hpw temI-Øp≈ F√m

a\p-jy¿°pw shdpsX e`n-°p∂ kml-Ncyw D≠m-bmse \izc-Xsb

AwKo-I-cn-°m\pw lnwk-bn¬ ]›m-Ø-]n-°m\pw F√m a\p-jy¿°pw

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. As√-¶n¬ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw bmYm¿∞y-am-

sW∂pw Ah-sb-°mƒ henb Hcp bmYm¿∞yw C√m-sb∂pw thZ-

\sbbpw ZpxJ-sØbpw hn‰v Imim-°p-∂-h\pw thZ-\-bpsSbpw ZpxJ-

Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-lmcw ]Ww sImSpØv hmßp-∂-h\pw Hcp-t]mse

[cn-°pw.

kz¥w k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v D≠m-°n-sb-SpØ Cu {à-tem-I-

Øn¬ Fs∂∂pw \c-I-bm-X\ A\p-`-hn®p sIm≠n-cn-°pIbpw

Ah FhnsS \n∂v hcp-∂p-sh∂v Adn-bmsX Pohn-°p-hm\pw AXv

C-S-bm°pIbpw sNøpw.

{à hnImcw sIm≠v \iz-c-Xsb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v {]t£-]Ww

sNbvXpw hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{à hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v \iz-c-Xsb Bh-cWw

sNbvXpw \iz-c-Xsb t_m[w Xs∂ ad®p ]nSn-°p-I- am{X-a√ \ne-

\n¬∏ns‚ lnwkbpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw ad-°m\pw PohnXw ho≠pw

Bh¿Øn-°m\pw B{K-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv t_m[-

Øns‚ A⁄-X-b-√. GsXmcp km[m-c-W a\pjy\pw kq£va

\nco-£Ww sIm≠pw hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ Zp»m-TysØ

C√m-Xm-°nbpw tIhe bmYm¿∞y-sa∂ A\-iz-c-Xsb A\p- -hn-

°m\pw lnwk-bn¬ \n∂pw kzm¿∞-X-bn¬ \n∂pw F∂-t∂-bv°p-

ambn c£-s∏-Sm-\pw Ign-bpw. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv tam£-hpw.

tam£-Øn\v \iz-c-amb Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw {]]-©-hp-ambn

bmsXmcphn[ _‘-hp-an-√. ImcWw tam£w t\Sp-∂Xv Poh\pw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v174Pohn-Xhpw {]]-©-hp-a-√, adn®v {]t£-]Ww sIm≠pw Bh-cWw

sIm≠pw {àn® t_m[w Xs‚ {à-Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cp-∂-XmWv

tam£w.

bYm¿∞ tam£-Øn\pw \n¿Δm-Wbv°pw XS- -ambn hnIm-c-

ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂psh∂pw Ah a\p-jysc I_-fn-∏n-°p-∂p-

sh∂pw shdpsX tXm∂p-I-bm-Wv.

{à-Øns‚ GXv s]mkn-‰ohv s\K-‰ohv hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw Ft∏mƒ thW-sa-¶nepw DW-cm-\p≈ Ignhv F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

t_m[-Øn-\p-≈-Xn-\m¬ Bcpw I_-fn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. {àsØ

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v hnNm-cn-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv CØcw I_-fn-∏n-

°-ep-Iƒ Ds≠∂v tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

{]]-©-kr-jvSn°v ASn-ÿm\-amb Du¿÷hpw ÿe-hpw Im-

ehpw t]mepw {à-am-sW-¶n¬ ]ns∂ F¥mWv {àa√msX _m°n-

bp-≈-Xv ?

F√mw X\nsb D≠m-Ip∂p X\nsb C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. kqcy≥

X\nsb DZn-°p∂p X\nsb AkvX-an-°p-∂p. \mw Bh-iy-s∏SmsX

P\n-°p∂p, Bh-iy-s∏-SmsX acn-°p∂p, Ch-bn-sem-∂nepw \ap°v

kzm[o-\-an-√. {àhpw kz]v\hpw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. c≠nepw D≈

F√m A\p- -h-ßsfbpw am‰mt\m C√m-Xm-°mt\m Ffp-∏-a-√. Ch-

sb√mw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A\p- -h-am-Wv. Cu A\p- hßƒ Xs∂-

bmWv Pm{KXv, kz]v\ kam-\-amb {à-am-sW-∂-Xns‚- G‰hpw henb

sXfnhv.

Pm{KXv {à-a√, hmkvXhambn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ kw`-h-ßƒ

FhnsS \n∂v F¥p-sIm≠v D≠m-Ip∂psh∂pw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p-

sh∂pw; Fhn-sS-\n∂v F¥p-sIm≠v P\n-°p∂p, acn-°p∂p F∂pw

\ap°v hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

kz]v\-Øn¬ ImWp∂ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw hkvXp-°fpw C√m-

Ø-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Pm{K-Ønse {]]-©hpw Poh-\p-amWv

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kz]v\-Øn¬ A\p- -h-s∏´Xv F∂pw \mw DW-cp-

tºm-gmWv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-

b-Øn-te-°p-W-cp-tºmƒ am{X-amWv \Ωƒ A\p- -hn® {]]-©hpw

\ΩpsS P\-\hpw ac-Whpw F√mw AJWvV- -\n-›-e- -\n- w-K-amb

t_m[-Øns‚ shdpw k¶¬∏-ßfpw Ah-bpsS {à-ßfpw am{X-am-

bn-cp∂p F∂v A\p- -hamIp-∂-Xv.

17596.in:˛ Pohn-®n-cns° tam£m-h-ÿ-bn-se-Ønb Aßn¬ \n∂v

tam£-Øns‚ AYhm \n¿Δm-W-bpsS AYhm \nXy-Po-hs‚

clkyw Adn-bm≥ `mKyw \¬Ip-Ibpw AXn-\mbn hnIm-c-ß-fn-

eqsS Aß-bpsS ASp-°¬ FØn® Fs‚ Xs∂ t_m[-Øn\pw;

t_m[sØ Xncn-®-dn-hmbn icn-bmw-hn[w D]-tbm-Kn® Fs‚

_p≤n°pw \μn.

Fs∂-t∏mse _p≤nbpw t_m[hpw D≈ At\Iw a\p-jy¿

Cu `qan-bn¬ D≠v. Ah-cmcpw F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Aß-bpsS ASp-

°¬ kXyw At\z-jn®v hcm-ØXv ? hnc-en¬ FÆmhp-∂{X injy-

∑msc am{Xsa Rm≥ AßbpsS H∏w ImWp-∂p-≈p. ac-WsØ

AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ kq{Xw t_m≤y-s∏-Sm≥ F√m-h¿°pw Xm¬∏-cy-ap-

≠m-Ipw. ac-WsØ Fßns\ AXn-Po-hn®v \nXyX t\Sm-sa-∂mWv

ùXnI Bflob imkv{X-ßƒ At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n´pw AØ-

c-°msc H∂pw ChnsS Imäm-\n√. am{X-a√ t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn-

°m≥ XpSßp∂-h\v Nnehpw Xmak kuI-cyhpw shdpsX

\¬IpIbpw ap‡n-t\-Sm≥ Ign-hp-s≠∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂ ]pcp-j\v

Hmtcm h¿jhpw Hcp e£w cq] hoXhpw kv{Xo°v 50,000 cq]-bpw

Ah-cpsS t]cn¬ \nt£-]n°pw F∂v hmKvZm\w \¬In-bn´p

t]mepw Bcpw t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°m≥ hcp-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-

√. F∂m¬ F{X ôkv sImSpØpw ùXnI hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-°m≥

bphm-°ƒ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂p. CXns‚ clkyw H∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-

Ømtam?

amÃ¿:˛ (]p©n-cn®p sIm≠v) Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw Poh-s‚bpw

AkvXn-Xzhpw Dt±-ihpw e£yhpw F¥v? F∂v Nn¥n-°p-hm-\mWv

Rm≥ F√m-htcmSpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. At\-Im-bncw kwi-b-ß-

fp-ambn \m¬∏Øn A©v h¿jw Pohn-®n´pw Bcpw Ft∂mSv kz¥w

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-®m¬ F√m tNmZy-ßƒ°p-ap≈

adp-]Sn e`n-°p-sa∂v ]d™p X∂n-√. AXn\p ]Icw ]ptcm-ln-

Xcpw ⁄m\n-Ifpw {] -k¿amcpw kwi-b-ßsf IqSp-X-embn h¿≤n-

∏n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. t_m[hpw _p≤nbpw hn]-coX A\p-]m-X-

Øn-emWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, _p≤n IqSp-t¥mdpw t_m[w Xmgp-I-bmWv


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v176sNøp-∂-Xv. \m¬∏Øn A©v h¿j-tØmfw Rm≥ _p≤n h¿≤n-∏n-

°m-\mWv {ian-®-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv kwi-b-ßfpw h¿≤n-®-Xv.

aq∂v Xcw a\p-jy-sc-bmWv \mw Cu temIØv ImWp-∂-Xv.

1.-\-∑-t_m[w D≈ Bflob¿ 2.-Xn∑ t_m[w D≈-h¿ 3. Ch kΩn-

{i-ambn ImWp∂ km[m-c-W-°m¿. Ch-cn-¬ \∑ t_m[w D≈-h-

cmWv Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-∂-Xv.

D]m-[n-Ifpw hnIm-c-ßfpw D≈ \∑, kvt\lw, tkh\w, A\p-

Iº Ch ssZho-I-a√ F∂pw D]m-[n-Iƒ°pw hnIm-c-ßƒ°pw AXo-

X-amb \∑, kvt\lw, tkh-\w, A\p-Iº Ch-bmWv ssZhoIw

F∂mWv Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

\∑-bp-sSbpw Xn∑-bp-sSbpw t{kmX- n-te°v t\m°m-\mWv

Rm≥ F√mh-scbpw t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

\iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw Poh\pw sIm≠v {]]-©hpw AXn¬

Pohs\ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ lnwkbpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂

Hcp kwhn-[m\w A\-iz-c-\mb ssZhw krjvSn-°p-I-bn√ F∂mWv F√m-

hscbpw bp‡n sIm≠v Rm≥ t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

ssZhw ]pdtØm AItØm D≈ Hcp i‡n-b√ F∂pw F√m

i‡n-Ifpw {`a-Øn-eqsS Hcp hy‡n-bpsS t_m[-aWvVe-Øn¬

D≠mbn \ne-\n∂p ad-bp-∂p F∂v tXm∂p-I-bm-sW-∂mWv Rm≥

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

kl-Pm-h-t_m[w F∂ _p≤n sIm≠v krjvSn® {]]-©-

sØbpw Poh-s\bpw Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v ssZhw

Xs∂ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pw Aßns\ PV-Øns‚ P\-\- -a-

c-W-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂pw Xm≥ Poh-\m-sW∂pw sX‰n-≤-cn-

°p-I-bm-sW-∂p-amWv Rm≥ sXfn-bn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv.

AXn-\m¬ P\-\-˛-a-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw; ZpxJhpw thZ-\bpw

sIm≠v \nd™ Pohs‚ XSh-d-bn¬ \n∂pw F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn

DW¿∂v ]caamb kzmX-{¥yw A\p-`-hn-°pI F∂mWv Rm≥

]Tn∏n°p∂-Xv.

Ch-sb√mw GXv km[m-c-W-°m-c-s\bpw sXfnhp klnXw

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ am{Xw aXn. kmam\y

_p≤n-bpw Al-¶mcw Aev]w Ipd-hp-≈ Hcm-fn¬ ]n∂oSv tNmZy-

ß-sfm∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m¬ hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-

177ß-fpsS i‡nbpw {`a hnIm-c-Øns‚ {]t£-]-Whpw ad-hnbpw D≈-

Xn-\m¬ tI -sX√mw Hcp-\n-anjw sIm≠p Xs∂ ad∂v t]mIp-Ibpw

Fs¥√mw hmKvZm-\-ßƒ \¬In-bmepw Ahsb Ah-K-Wn®v ]n∂o-

sSm-cn-°epw Abmƒ Xncn®v hcm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

\n w-K-Xbpw \iz-c-Xm-t_m-[hpw kl-Pm-h-t_m-[amb

_p≤n°pw Hm¿Ωbv°pw \ne-\n¿Øm-\p≈ Ign-hn-√. t_m[w P∑\m

Db¿∂-ht\m, t_m[sØ Db¿Øm≥ IcpØp ImWn-°p∂ht\m

am{Xsa AXv Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p.

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-hp≈

hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb Adn-hv kmam\y _p≤n-bp≈ a\p-jy¿°v s\K-

‰o-hmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂Xn-\m¬ \n w-K-ambn Pohn°pIbpw s\K-

‰o-hmbn kwkm-cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ Bƒ F∂mWv F√m-hcpw

Fs∂-°p-dn®v ]d-bm≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

\∑bpw ]pWyhpw \oXnbpw Bflob kq{X-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®v

kl-Pmht_m-[-Øns‚ Xn∑-sbbpw lnwk-tbbpw A\o-Xn-sbbpw

]m]-sØbpw ad®p ]nSn®v Pohn-°m-\mWv F√m-h¿°pw CjvSw. kl-

Pm-h-t_m[sØ Ah-t_m[w sIm≠v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂

Fs‚ D]-tZiw F√m-h-cnepw a\x- m-£n-°pØv D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬

Ah¿ Fs∂bpw t_m[-im-kv{X-sØbpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂p.

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw D≈n¬ ‘Rm≥ \√-h≥’ F∂v 24- -a-Wn-°qdpw

a{¥n-°p∂ Hcp Al-¶mc i_vZw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. krjvS Poh-

Pm-e-ß-sf√mw \ne-\n¬∏n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ X{¥w lnwk-bm-

Wv. AXv krjvSn-bpsS kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-Wv. t_m[sØ Ah-t_m-

[-ambn a\p-jys‚ akvXnjv°w kzoI-cn-°p∂ \mƒ apX¬ Cu

lnwksb a\p-jy¿ Xncn-®-dn-bpw. Hcp Ip‰t_m[w X\nsb F√m-h-

cnepw cq]o-Ir-X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. ⁄m\n-Ifpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw

BƒssZ-h-ßfpw Cu Ip‰-t_m-[sØ ad®p ]nSn-°m\p≈ X{¥-

ß-fmWv a\p-jysc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv . AXp-sIm≠v Cu Ip‰-t_m-[-

Øn\v Hcp Bizmkw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw F√m-hcpw Ahsc

kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. lnwk kl-Pm-h-t_m-

[-am-b-Xn-\mepw \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am-b-Xn-\mepw Chbv°v

imizX ]cn-lmcw B¿°pw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ign-bn√.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v178t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°m≥ hcp∂ Hcp hy‡nsb Rm≥ BZyw

t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv CØcw Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Xm≥ Hcp

lo\- Po-hn-bm-sW∂v Abmƒ kzbw a\- n-em-°m≥ CSbmIp∂p.

kz¥w AkvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v Cß-s\-b-√msX a-s‰mcp coXn-bn¬

]Tn-∏n-°m≥ a‰p am¿§-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. krjvSn-bpsS i‡-amb sshI-

ey-amWv a\p-jy≥. AXv \ntj-[n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kXy-hpam-Wv.

Rm≥ \√-h≥ Fs∂ krjvSn® ssZhw \√-h≥ Fs∂√mw hniz-

kn®p hcp-∂-hs‚ hnizm-k-sa√mw XI¿∂v Xcn-∏-W-am-Ipw. AXn-

\m¬ ocp-°-fm-b-h¿ XI-cm≥ t]mIp∂ Xs‚ hnizm-khpw ssIøn-

se-SpØv ÿew hnSpw. ]n∂oSv Cu hgn°v hcn-I-bp-an-√.

ssZhsØ hnIm-cambn A\p- -hn-°m≥ At\z-jn-°p-∂-h-sc-

b√ Rm≥ kzoI-cn-°m≥ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬

\n∂v F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn DW¿∂v \nXyX t\Sm≥ kz¥w hnizm-

k-ß-sfbpw hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw hy‡n-Xz-sØ-t∏mepw C√m-Xm-°m≥

F¥pw kln-°p-hm\pw XyPn-°p-hm\pw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂h-s\-bmWv

Rm≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-\mWv F\n°v {]nb-s∏- -h≥. Ah\pw

Rm\p-ambn uXnI Xe-Øntem Bflob Xe-Ønsem Hcp _‘hpw

D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.

Pm{KXv F∂ {à-Øn¬ thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw sIm≠v ho¿∏p-ap-

´p-∂-hs\ Xń-bp-W¿Øn bmYm¿∞yw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-ØpI am{X-

amWv Rm≥ sNøp∂Xv. AØcw Hcp- DW¿Ø-en¬ C∂p \mw

I≠p-h-cp∂ Kpcp˛injy _‘Øns‚bpw em`-˛-\-jvS-Øns‚

IW°pw Bh-iy-an-√. Kpcphpw injycpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw kzX-{¥cpw

kzbw-]-cym-]vXX-bp-≈-h-cpam-bn-cn-°-Ww.

ChnsS c£-I\pw c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\p-an-√. Ah-sb√mw Bflo-b-

X-bpsS NqjW X{¥-ßƒ am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ Kpcphpw

c£-I\pw A√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xv. \iz-c-amb Cu qan-bn¬ Fs¥ms° t\Sn-

bmepw t\Sp-∂h \iz-c-am-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂-hsc Xosc Imäm-\n-√. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hnc-en¬ FÆm-hp-∂-hsc am{Xw ImWp-

∂-Xv. Ah-cn¬ Xs∂ ]ecpw DW-cm≥ Iq´m-°p-∂-h-c-√.

kml-N-cy-ßƒ krjvSn®v Rm≥ Ah¿°p \¬Inb Adnhpw

A\p- -hhpw kzbw]cym-]vX-Xbpw kzmX-{¥yhpw sIm≠v D≠mb

179kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw Bflo-bm-\p- -h-ßfmWv F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-®-

hcmWv Ahcn¬ qcn- m-K-hpw. AXn\m¬ Rm≥ hnI-kn-∏n® tam£-

Øns‚ am¿§w Ffp-∏-a-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. C{Xbpw hmKvZm-\-ßƒ \¬In-

bn´p t]mepw kz¥w AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jn-°m≥

Iq´m-°m-Ø-Xn\v ImcWw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb

tijnbmWv. AXmWv ]e-hn[ XS- -ß-fmbn Fs‚ ASp-°¬

hcm≥ B{Kln°p∂hsc XS-bp-∂-Xv.

Bflo-b-cmWv Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcm≥ IqSp-X-embn B{Kln-

°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C∂p≈ F√m Bflo-bcpw ssZhw ]pdØp

\n¬°p-∂tXm AIØp \n¬°p-∂tXm Bb i‡n-bmWv F∂v

hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Ah-sc√mw aXn-{àw _m[n-®-h-

cmWv F∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Bflob A‘X

sIm≠v ssZh-Øn\v Xß-fpsS Zmcn-{ZyØn¬ \n∂v t]mepw kw`m-

h\ sImSp-°p-∂-h-cmWv C∂sØ Bflo-b¿. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

BƒssZ-h-ßfpw Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p∂ ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw tImSo-iz-

c-∑m-cm-b-Xv. ]ńWn InS∂v NØm¬ t]mepw ssZhsØ At\z-jn-

°m≥ Rm≥ hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ kuI-cyhpw ]Whpw Ah¿ kzoI-

cn-°p-I-bp-an-√. ssZhw AIØpw C√ ]pdØpw C√, AXv i‡n-

bp-a√ F∂v bp‡n- -bp-‡ambn ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Fs‚ ASpØv Ah¿

H∂n¬ IqSp-X¬ {]mhiyw hcn√. bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ Xosc hcm-dn√

ImcWw ssZhsØ A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Fs∂

Ah¿ `-b-s∏-Sp∂p. ]Zm¿∞-Øns‚ Hcp KpW-amWv t_m[w

F∂mWv Ah-cpsS k¶¬∏w. -]-Zm¿∞-Øn¬ \n∂v ssZhsØ

th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Ah¿°v C∂p-hsc Ign™n-ń-√. ]Zm¿∞-ßsf

\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p∂ G‰hpw ASn-ÿm\ IWn-I-I-sf-t∏mepw imkv{Xw

Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™p. F∂m¬ kz¥w t_m[sØ am{Xw Bcpw

Is≠-Øn-bn-√. C\n-bp-≈-h¿ km[m-c-W-°m-cm-Wv. PohnX {]mc-_v[-

ßƒ sIm≠v ac-Ww-hsc HmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ah¿°v kXysØ

At\z-jn-°m≥ Xosc kabw In´p-I-bn-√.

97. in:˛ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b-tijn Fßn-s\-bmWv

Aß-bpsS ASp-°¬ hcp-∂-hsc XS-bp-∂Xv? AXv sXfn-bn-°m≥

IgnbmØ Hcp hnizm-k-as√? hnIm-c-ßƒ°v AXo-{μnb i‡n

Ds≠∂p-≈-Xn-s‚- kq-N-\-bs√ AXv?


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v180amÃ¿:˛ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b-ti-jn-sb-°p-dn®v Rm≥

CXn\p apºv hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. kl-Pm-h-t_m[w F∂ {àw

sIm≠v krjvSn-°-s∏´ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw \iz-c-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw AXv

bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v Fgp-∂q-‰-ºXv- tImSnbn¬∏cw a\pjysc t_m≤y-

s∏-Sp-Øm≥ hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬, hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw

\n¿Æb i‡n-°v as‰¥v sXfn-hmWv th≠-Xv.

hnIm-c-ßƒ°v AXo-{μn-b -i-‡n-bp-s≠-∂Xv hnizm-k-a-√, sXfn-

bn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. aXn-{ -a hnImcm-\p- -h-Øn¬

\n∂mWv AXo-{μn-b -i‡nbpw \nKqV Du¿÷hpw cq]w sIm≈p-

∂-Xv. ùXnI- imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-®n-´p≈ i‡nbpw Du¿÷hpw

A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ°v F{X-am{Xw bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -

h-s∏-Sp-∂pthm A{X-am{Xw bmYm¿∞y-ambn Xs∂ aXn-{àw _m[n®

Hcp hy‡n°v AXo{μn-b- i-‡n-Iƒ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂Xmbn tXm∂pw.

C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ BƒssZ-h-ßƒ F√mhcpw Xs∂ tImSo-iz-c-∑mcm-

b-Xns‚ ImcWw CXm-Wv. BƒssZ-h-ßƒ°v AXo-{μnb i‡n

Ds≠-∂√ CXn-\¿∞w. Ah-cpsS ASp-°¬ sN√p∂ kzm¿∞-cmb

_p≤n-bp≈ a\p-jy¿ kz¥w aXn-{àw sIm≠v Xs‚ ap∂n¬

\n¬°p∂ BƒssZ-h-Øn\v ssZhoI i‡n Ds≠∂v hniz-kn-°p-

I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Aßns\ hniz-kn-∏n-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb kml-

N-cy-ßƒ kq{X-°m-cmb BƒssZ-h-ßƒ Hcp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. aXn-

{àw sIm≠v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ AXo-{μnb i‡n-Iƒ Hcp hy‡n-

bn¬ \n∂pw as‰mcp hy‡n-bn-te°v ]I¿Øm≥ km≤y-a-√. C√m-

ØXv D≠v F∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ i‡n-bm-W-Xv. BƒssZ-h-ßsf

hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ kz¥w aXn-{`-a-Øn-emWv NXn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

A√msX Bcpw Btcbpw NXn-°p-∂-X-√. CXv a\- n-em-°n-bm¬

BƒssZ-h-ßsf Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ap°v km≤y-a-√mXmIpw.

{à- -hn-{ -a- -a-Xn-{ -a-hn-Im-cm-\p- -h-ß-fmWv \iz-c-amb Poh-s\bpw

Pohn-X-sØbpw {]]-©-sØbpw bYm¿∞-sa∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xv. Xncn-®-dn-hp-sIm≠v \iz-c-am-sW∂v Adn-™n´pw \iz-c-Xsb

\ntj-[n®pw Ah-K-Wn®pw Pohn-°p-∂-Xn\p ImcWw Cu hnIm-c-

ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b-tijn sIm≠m-Wv.

\iz-c-Xsb Ah-K-Wn®pw ad∂pw \ne-\n¬°m≥ {ian-°p∂

a\p-jy¿ \iz-c-Xsb \izcw F∂v A\p- -h-am-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Fs‚

ASp-°-te°v hcn-I-bn-√. -\-iz-c-X-bn¬ kzbw Cdßn AXv \¬Ip∂

hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Ipfn-cn¬ Pohn-°p-hm-\mWv F√m-h¿°pw CjvSw.

181\iz-c-amb hkvXp-°ƒ°pw hy‡n-Iƒ°pw th≠n Pohn-X-Imew

apgp-h\pw F√m-hcpw Xnc°p ]nSn®v HmSp-I-bm-Wv. {]iv\-ß-sfbpw

kw -h-ß-sfbpw A\-kyqXambn krjvSn®v _p≤n-bp-≈-h-s\bpw

_p≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h-s\bpw Hcp-t]mse F∂pw HmSn®p sIm≠n-cn-°m≥

hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Ign-bpw. AXn¬ Ipd-®p-t]¿ hgn-sX‰n Fs‚ ASp-

°-te°v hcpw. Ah-cn-¬ Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿ Xßpw. _m°n-bp-≈-

h¿ \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-Ip∂ L -Øn\v sXm´p apºv In´n-bXpw

sIm≠v ÿew hnSpw.

t_m[-imkv{X ]pkvXIw hmbn®v Bthiw sIm≠ kXym-

t\z-jn-Iƒ AXv hmbn®p Xocp-∂-Xn\p apºv Xs∂ Fs∂ t^mWn¬

hnfn-°pw. “Rm≥ Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-bmWv, amÃsd ImWm≥ \msf

hcp∂p” F∂v ]d-bpw. “icn” F∂v Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-°pw. BgvN-

Ifpw amk-ßfpw Ign-™mepw Ahsc ImWm-dn-√. `mcy-bp-sSbpw

a°-fp-sSbpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw {]iv\-ßfpw

sNdnb Akp-J-ßfpw Bbn-cn°pw XS- -ambn Ah-¿°v ]dbm\p-

≈-Xv. CsX√mw Xo¿Øv hcp-tºm-tg°pw kXym-t\z-jWw ad∂p

t]mIpw . \iz-c-amb {]iv\-ßƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-t® a\p-jy¿ A\-iz-

c-Xsb At\z-jn-°p-I-bp-≈p. A\-iz-c-X-sb-°mƒ {]m[m\yw \iz-

c-Xbv°v \¬Iphm≥ Hcp-hs\ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]n∂n¬ hnIm-

c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn F∂ i‡n-bmWv {]h¿Øn-°p-

∂-Xv. CXmWv hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-bpsS H∂m-

asØ sXfn-hv.

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ s]s -∂p-≠mb {]iv\hpw Akp-J-ßfpw kz¥w

t_m[-a-WvV-e-Øn¬ {`aw sIm≠v krjvSn°p∂ kw -h-ß-fm-sW∂v

t_m≤y-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ A¬∏-sa-¶nepw t_m[-imkv{Xw ]Tn®v

t_m[sØ Db¿Ø-Ww. IpSpw-_-Ønse {]iv\hpw Akp-Jhpw

amdp-tºm-tg°pw kXym-t\z-jWw ad∂p t]mIp-Ibpw Ah-K-Wn-

°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu Ah-K-W-\bpw ad-hn-bp-amWv hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-bpsS c≠m-asØ sXfn-hv.

Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcp-∂-h\v Xma-khpw Blm-chpw kuP-\y-

amWv, Bh-iy-s∏- m¬ bm{X-°q-enbpw \¬Im≥ Rm≥ Xøm-dm-Wv.

ASpØ BgvN hcpw, ASpØ amkw hcpw F∂v A©v h¿j-

ambn ]d-™p sIm≠n-cn°p∂ Hcmsf F\n-°-dn-bmw. hnIm-c-ß-

fpsS kzbw-\n¿Æb tijn-bpsS aq∂m-asØ sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv.


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v182kz¥w lrZ-b-Øn¬ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ ssZhsØ DW¿Øp-

hm\pw thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw am{Xw \¬Ip∂ P\-\- -a-cW {à-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v DW¿∂v tam£w t\Sm-\p-amWv Rm≥ t_m[-imkv{Xw

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. AXn-¬ F-s¥-¶nepw Imcy-apt≠m F∂v

t\m°m\pw ]Tn-°m-\p-amWv Rm≥ F√m-h-scbpw £Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

kz¥w mcy°pw a°ƒ°pw t]mepw AXv a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bmØ

hn[w ad-bv°-s∏-s -¶n¬ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijn-bpsS

i‡n AXo-{μnb i‡n-sb-°mƒ hep-Xs√?

Akm-[m-cW _p≤nbpw Xncn-®-dnhpw D≈ F{Xtbm sNdp-∏-

°m¿ hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠p≈ aXn-{ -a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-ambn am\-knI

tcmKm-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw Ign-bp-∂p. hnIm-c-ß-fpsS Akm[m-

c-W-amb i‡n sIm≠mWv Ah¿°v aXn-{àm\p`hw tcmK-ambn

amdn-b-Xv. G‰hpw Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-emWv aXn-{ -am-\p- hw

tcmK-am-Ip-∂-Xv. A√msX akvXn-jv°sØ IqSp-Xembn D]-tbm-

Kn-®Xp sIm≠-√. Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ Bcp-sSbpw a\- ns‚

ka-\ne sX‰p-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv Db¿∂ t_m[-ap≈ Hcp kaq-l-

Øn¬ am\-kn-I tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßfpw D≠m-

hp-I-bn-√.

t_m[im-kv{X-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ß-fn¬

\n∂v hfsc Ffp∏-Øn¬ ]pdØp IS°mw. acp∂pw NnIn-’bpw

C√msX aXn-{à tcmKm-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v t_m[-imkv{Xw D]tbm-

Kn®v c£-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-™n´p≠v.

ùXn-I -im-kv{X-Øn¬ AXn-_p-≤nam\m-b Hcp-h\v aXn-{àw

tcmK-ambn ]nSn-s]- m¬, hnIm-c-ßƒ°v ùXnI imkv{X-sØ-°mƒ

i‡n D≠v F∂s√ AXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcm-fn¬ \n∂pw as‰m-

cm-fn-te°v Hcp coXn-bnepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]I¿Øm\pw A©v

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ D]tbmKn®v kXy-sa∂v t_m≤y-s∏SpØm≥ Ign-

bm-Ø-Xp-amb A\p- -h-sØ-bmWv aXn-{ -am\p- hw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. aXn-{àw i‡-amb s\K‰ohv hnIm-c-am-Ip-tºmƒ {`m¥mbn

t]mIp-Ibpw i‡-amb s]mkn-‰ohv hnIm-c-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXv AXo-

{μnb i‡n-bmbn hf¿∂v BƒssZ-h-ßsf ({]tXyI Ah-Xm-c-

ßsf) krjvSn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

183Cuiz-c-hm-Zhpw \nco-iz-c-hm-Zhpw Cuizc Ah-K-W-\bpw aXn-

{à hnIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

aXn-{ -am-\p- h-ßƒ Hcp ]cn[n hn´m¬ tZhnbpw, ]p-Wym-f-\pw,-

]n-im-Npw, -t{]-Xhpw Hs° tZlØv IqSn-sb∂v {]I-Sn-∏n-°pw. Ah-

bn¬ tZhnbpw ]pWym-f\pw IqSn-b-hsc km[m-cW coXn-bn¬ aXn-

{àw _m[n-®- km[m-c-W-°m¿ Bcm-[n-°pw, kw`m-h-\-Ifpw \¬Ipw,

Ch-sc-bmWv \mw BƒssZ-h-ßƒ F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

]nimNpw t{]Xhpw _m[n-®-hsc am\-knI tcmKm-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ {]th-

in-∏n-°pw. As√-¶n¬ a{¥-hm-Zn-I-fpsSsbm ]ptcm-ln-X-cp-sSsbm

ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. Ch-sb√mw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw -

\n¿Æb i‡n°v hy‡-amb sXfn-hpI-fm-Wv.

98. in:˛ Poh-\n¬ \n∂pw ap‡n-t\-Snb {io _p≤-s\-t∏m-se-

bp≈ Kpcp-°-∑m¿°v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb Nne am¿§-ßƒ Ah¿ cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠m-Ipw. AXp-t]mse Aßv ap‡n t\Sm≥ AYhm

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pWcm≥ D]-tbm-Kn® am¿§w F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

amÃ¿:˛ {à-˛-hn-{`-a-˛-a-Xn-{`-a-hn-Im-c-ßƒ \iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-a√

F∂v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv c≠v Imc-W-ßƒ sIm≠m-sW∂v

Rm≥ kq£v-a-amb \nco-£Ww sIm≠v a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

1. kml-N-cy-ßsf kw -h-ß-fn-eqsS krjvSn®pw 2. a\- nepw

tZl-Ønepw t{]m{Kmw sNbvXp- h-®n-cn-°pIbpw kzbw {]h¿Øn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hmk-\m-tZm-j-ß-fpsS cmkm-\p- -h-ßfpw BWv

\iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-a√ F∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ BZy-

tØXv C√m-Xm-°m-\mWv Rm≥ {ian-®-Xv. AXn-\mbn cm]-I¬

A≤zm-\n®v I¿Ω-ßƒ sNbvXn-s√-¶nepw ac-Ww-hsc Pohn-°m-\m-

h-iy-amb ]Ww kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw B kºmZyw sIm≠v \ne-

\n¬∏ns‚ an\naw B{K-l-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°m≥ ]cn-io-en°pIbpw

sNbvXp.

At\I h¿j-ß-fpsS ]cn-io-e\w sIm≠m-Wv AXv km[n-®-

Xv. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-≈n¬ Fs‚ c≠v Ipń-I-sfbpw `mcy-sbbpw

kzbw ]cym-]vX-X-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Bh-iy-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnhmlw Ign®v Ipń-I-fp≈ Hcp A—s\ kw_-

‘n®v Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v DW-cm≥ A{Xbv°v

Ffp-∏-a-√ F∂mWv Fs‚ PohnXw sIm≠v a\- n-em-°n-b-Xv.

ssZhw {àn-°p-tºmƒ BƒssZhw-

hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v184kXyw At\z-jn-°p∂-h≥ hnhm-l-_-‘-ßfn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂Xpw

hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏- -h≥ kXyw At\z-jn-°p-∂Xpw A`n-

Im-ay-a√.

_‘nX I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂v kzX{¥ I¿Ω-Øn¬ FØn-b-

tXmsS hn{ -a- -a-Xn-{`a hnIm-c-ßƒ°v Fs‚ t_m[w km£n-bmbn

amdn. AXn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e-\hpw Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ Rm≥ \S-Øn-bn-

cp-∂p. a\- n¬ X\nsb Db¿∂p Xmgp∂ hnIm-c-ßsf kq£va-X-

tbmsS \nco-£n®p sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p AXv. B \nco£Ww hnIm-c-

ßsf \njv{]- -am-°n. Aßns\ Fs‚ hy‡n-t_m[w hy‡nXz Al-

¶m-c-Øns‚ ad- \o°n ip≤-t_m[ambn ]pd-Øp-h-cn-Ibpw hy‡nXzw

C√mØ ip≤-amb t_m[w Fs¥∂v A\p- -h-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

t_m[w kmh-[m\w F∂n¬ Db-cp-∂-Xmbn Rm≥ a\- n-em-

°n. Fs‚ IqsS-bp-≈-h¿ Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xn¬ \n∂v hfsc hyXy-kvX-amb Nn¥-I-fpw thdn´ A\p -h-

ßfpw X\nsb D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Bfl- km-£m-Xv°m-c-Øn\pw t_mt[m-Z-b-Øn\pw Bflob

km[-\-Ifpw tkh-\-ßfpw kvt\lhpw ⁄m\hpw H∂p-a√

Bhiyw, \iz -c -Xsb \izcXsb∂v A\p-` -hn -°m -\p≈

kml-N-cy-amWv th≠-Xv.

\ne-\n¬∏n-s‚bpw, Hcn°epw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m-\m-hmØ taml-

ß-fp-sSbpw B{K-lßfmWv \sΩ ac-Ww-hsc I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-

ß-fn¬ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. Cu I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ß-fmWv \iz-c-Xsb

ad∂v \iz-c-amb hkvXp-°fpw _‘-ßfpw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v

A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

At\Iw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v \ne-\n¬°m-\m-h-iy-amb [\-ap≈ kº-

∂¿ \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn-ep≠v F∂m¬ Pohn-°m≥ C{Xbv°v [\w

aXn F∂v Nn¥n-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcmfpw AXn-en-√. Aßns\ Nn¥n-

°p∂p F∂v A`n-\-bn-°p-∂-h¿ [mcmfw t]¿ D≠v.

{io _p≤-s\-t∏mse `n£m-]m-{X-sa-SpØv I¿Ω {]mc-_v[-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v kzX-{¥-am-Im\pw hy‡n-XzsØ AXp-aqew C√m-Xm-

°m\pw B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v km≤y-a-√. ImcWw c≠m-bn-cØn

A™qdv h¿j-ßƒ°v apºp≈ kml-N-cy-a√ C∂p-≈-Xv.- P-\-kwJy

{Iam-Xo-X-ambn h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

185\ne-\n¬∏ns‚ AXym-hiy hkvXp-°-fmb sh≈hpw aÆpw

t]mepw G‰hpw hne-bp-≈-Xmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ A¥n

Dd-ßm≥ A¬∏w aÆpw kzX-{¥-I¿Ω-Øn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Bh-iy-

amb A¬∏w ]Whpw an®-ap-≈-h\v \iz-c-Xsb \iz-c-X-sb∂v A\p-

-hn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v km£n-Xz-Øn-eqsS Db-

cm≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. AXv Xs∂-bmWv B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ ap∂n-

ep≈ Htc-Hcp hgnbpw. A√m-Ø-hsc kw_-‘n®v \iz-cX shdpw

Adn-hm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw \iz-c-X-bnse P\-\- -a-cW {]Xn- m-k-ßfpw

AXn-\n-S-bnse PohnXhpw I≠v ZpxJn®pw Ic™pw {`m¥v ]nSn®pw

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcn-°epw DW-cmsX F∂pw tZlw kzoI-cn®v

{`an®p sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

a\- nepw ico-c-Ønepw kml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠pw X\n-sbbpw

Db¿∂p Xmgp∂ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS cmk bmYm¿∞y-ßsf \iz-c-X-

bpsS Adnhp sIm≠v km£n-bmbn, Pm{K-Xv F∂ t_m[-XeØn¬

\n∂pw Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te-°p-W-cm-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ßsf

GsXmcp km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw Gßns\ krjvSn-°m-sa-∂mWv t_m[-

imkv{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Rm≥ k©-cn-®Xpw Ct∏mgpw k©-cn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-

amb am¿§-am-W-Xv. CXv B[p-\nI _p≤s‚ am¿§-ambn amd-Ww.

At∏mƒ C∂p≈ aXn-{ -am-\p- -h-ß-fpsS Bflo-bX A{]-Xy-£-ambn

\n w-K-X-bpsSbpw \iz-c-Xm-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw bYm¿∞ Bflob

A\p- hw Fs¥∂v F√m-h¿°pw t_m≤y-am-Ipw.


“ t_m[w F¥m-sWt∂m AXns\ Fßns\ Db¿Øm-

sat∂m \nßƒ Ft∂mSv tNmZn-°-cp-Xv. ImcWw AXn-\v D-Øcw

\¬Im≥ {ian-°p-∂-hs\ F√m-hcpw shdp-°p-Ibpw Ah-K-Wn-

°p-Ibpw i{Xp-hmbn ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv t_m[-]q¿Δw

\S-°p∂ Hcp {]Xn- m-k-a-√. Poh\pw Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ßfpw kXy-

sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-\n¬ Xmgv∂ t_m[w sIm≠v D≠m-Ip∂

{]tXy-I-X-bmWv AXv. Poh-s\bpw {]]-©-sØbpw k¶¬∏-ßƒ

sIm≠v krjvSn-®-hs‚ A[x-]-X-\-amWv CXv. CXn¬ \n∂v DW-

cpI Ffp-∏-a-√ ” .

A≤ymbw ]sØm-ºXv

Xpco-b-Øn-te-°p≈ Ffp∏ hgn

99. in:˛ Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xpco-b-Øn-te°v AYhm tam£-

Øn-te°v DW-cm-\p≈ G‰hpw Ffp∏am¿§w ]d-bm-tam? Aßns\

DW-cm≥ anÃnIv Du¿÷w Bh-iy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂p. anÃnIv

Du¿÷w F∂m¬ \nKqV Du¿÷amWv. Cu \nKqV

Du¿÷amWv IpWvUen\n i‡n-sbbpw AXo-{μnb i‡n-I-sfbpw

krjvSn-°p-∂Xv F∂s√ Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv sshcp-≤y-a-s√?

amÃ¿:˛ kz¥hpw _‘hpw A\y-hp-am-b-h¿ F¥p {]tIm-]-

\-ßfpw {]tem -\-ßfpw \¬In-bmepw AXn-t\mSv a\- p-sImt≠m

hm°p-sImt≠m {]hr-Øn-sImt≠m {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂XmWv

tam£-Øn-te-°p-≈ AYhm Pm{KXv F∂ Xmgv∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ--

bn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-sa∂ Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-te°v Db-cm-\p≈

G‰hpw Ffp-∏-hgn. CXn¬ F√mw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXmWv

G‰hpw ]q¿Æhpw Ipeo-\-hpamb am¿§w (Noble Path). Cu am¿§w

ad∂p- t]m-Ip-∂Xp sIm-≠mWv Pm{KXv bmYm¿∞y-ambn A\p- -h-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv. CXv Hmtcm \nan-jhpw Hm¿Øp -sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h\mWv

Xpco-b-sa∂ tam£m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Poh≥ap-‡≥.

{]Xn-I-cn-°mØ a\ v kmh-[m\w \n w-K-X-bn-te°v ]cn-W-

an-°p-∂p. \n w-K-X-bn-te°v ]cn-W-an-°p∂ a\ v Xms\m-gn®v kz¥w

tZlw Dƒs∏sS a‰p-≈-h-sb√mw \iz-c-sa∂v A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. Cu

A\p-`-h-sØ-bmWv tam£w AYhm AssZz-Xm-\p-`hw AYhm

\n¿ΔmW AYhm \nXy-Po-h≥ AYhm Poh-\n¬ \n∂p≈ Fs∂-

t∂-°p-ap≈ ap‡n F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw t]mepw

C√mØ GXv km[m-c-W-°m-c\pw a\- p-h-®m¬ Hm¿°m≥ Ign-

bp∂ kXy-am-Wn-Xv.

kz]v\-Ønepw \n{Z-bnepw tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Pm{K-Øn-te°v

DW-cm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v Xpco-b-Øn-

te°v DW¿Øp-∂-Xp-amb anÃnIv Du¿÷sØ s]mkn-‰ohv anÃnIv

Du¿÷w F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. AXns\ s\K-‰o-hmbn am‰ptºm-gmWv

IpWvVen\n i‡nbpw AXo-{μnb i‡nbpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw

\n¿Æb i‡nbpw Hs°-bmbn amdp-∂-Xv.

ta¬∏-d™ c≠v anÃnIv Du¿÷-ßfpw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ D≈-

h-b-√. A\p- hßƒ sIm≠p-≠m-Ip∂ tXm∂-ep-Iƒ am{X-am-W-h.

t_m[-Øns‚ k¶¬∏-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Ch hcp-∂-Xv. tZlw \ne-

187\n¬°p-∂n-S-tØm-fta Chbv°p {]k-‡n-bp-≈p.- X-∂n¬ GXp XcwanÃnIv Du¿÷-amtWm {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Adn-bp-∂Xv Hcp-h≥ A\p- -hn-°p∂ ]c-am-\μ kpJsØ B[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv. Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v ss\an-jnI kt¥m-jhpw kpJhpw\nc-¥-c-amb ZpxJhpw thZ-\-bp-amWv A\p- -hn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ Abm-ƒ anÃnIv Du¿÷sØ s\K‰ohmbn am‰p∂p F∂mWv A¿∞w.F∂m¬ t_m[hpw tZlhpw c≠m-sW∂ AssZz-Xm-\p- -h-Øn¬\ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw 24- -a-Wn-°q-dpw -\o≠p \n¬°p∂ kt¥m-jhpwkpJhpw kam-[m-\hpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Abmƒ anÃnIvDu¿÷sØ s]mkn-‰o-hmbn \ne-\n¿Øp∂p F∂¿∞w.

F√m a\p-jy-cnepw Hcp-t]mse Adnhv A\p- -h-ambn amdp-∂XvImWm-dn-√. kzm¿∞-X-sbbpw \iz-c-X-sbbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈Adnhv F√m-h¿°pw Ds≠-¶nepw AXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-hsc Xosc ImWp-∂n√. ⁄m\n-Ifpw Bƒ ssZh-ßfpwt]mepw Ah A\p- -h-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂n√ F∂v ImWmw. AXp-sIm-≠mWv anÃnIv Du¿÷w s]mkn-‰ohpw s\K-‰ohpw Ds≠∂v]d-tb≠n h∂-Xv. temI-Øns‚ C∂sØ Bflo-bX ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-sfbpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-sfbpw {Iqc-X-sbbpwh¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ Hcp s\K-‰ohv anÃnIv Du¿÷w hf¿∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bmWv a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xv.

F∂pw cm{Xn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ \ΩpsS anÃnIv Du¿÷w h√msXs\K-‰o-hmbn amdp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]I¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ `bw cm{Xn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. X\n-sbbpwkml-N-cy-ßƒ sIm≠pw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ß-fmWv CuDu¿÷sØ IqSp-X¬ s\K-‰ohv B°p-∂-Xv. Dd-°-Øn¬ AXvX\nsb h¿≤n°p-Ibpw ]qPy-Øn¬ FØp-Ibpw AtXmsS \mwX\nsb DW-cp-Ibpw CXv acWwhsc Bh¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kzm¿∞-Xbv°pw hnIm-c-ßƒ°pw km£n-bm-bm¬ CuDu¿÷w ]qPy-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]mkn-‰o-hmbn Db-cp-∂p. Cßs\Db-cp∂ anÃnIv Du¿÷w sIm≠mWv Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw X\nsbDW-cm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. a‰v Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°v CØcw Hcp Du¿÷wDf-f-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv ’F∂pw \sΩsIm≠v ]d-bn-∏n-°p∂ i‡n-bpsS Dd-hn-S-amWv Cu Du¿÷w. IqSp-X-emb s\K-‰ohv Du¿÷w sIm≠v a‰p-≈-hsc {àn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-sc- ⁄m\n-Iƒ F∂pw BƒssZ-h-ßƒ F∂pw s]mkn-‰ohv anÃnIv Du¿÷w D≈-h-sc _p≤-∑m¿ F∂pw hnfn-°p-∂p.{àw C√mØ _p≤≥ Bscbpw {àn-∏n-°p-I-bn√ F∂v am{X-a√hkvXp-\n-jvTX sIm≠v bmYm¿∞ysØ IqSp-X¬ i‡n-bmbnt_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. {io _p≤≥ AXns‚ G‰hpw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v188henb DZm-l-c-WamWv. kz¥w aIs\ \jvS-s∏´ AΩ-bp-sS- ZpxJwam‰m≥, acn® aIs\ Db¿∏n°mw F∂√ At±lw ]d-™-Xv, adn®vacWw F∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ B AΩsb hkvXp-\n-jvTX sIm≠vt_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.

100. in:˛F¥p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy¿°v A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Zpc-¥-ßfpw amc-I-amb tcmK-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂Xv ? \∑Iƒ sNøp∂alm-flm-hn\v ITn-\-amb thZ-\-Ifpw Xn∑-Iƒ sNøp∂ ZpjvS\vkpJhpw kº-∂-Xbpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xmbn ImWm-dp-≠v. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Aßns\ kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv?

amÃ¿:˛ Xmgv∂ t_m[-Øn¬ \mw Xn∑-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv an°-hmdpw ad∂p t]mIp-∂p. Nne Xn∑-Isf \∑-I-fmbn \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. {àw sIm≠v Xn∑ sNøp-tºmƒ AXns‚ êwXn∑-bmbn A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂v {àn°pw. AXm-W-Xns‚ \nb-aw.AXp-sIm-≠mWv A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Zpc-¥-ßfpw amc-I-amb tcmK-ßfpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Xn∑-Iƒ \mw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv am{X-a√ sNøp-∂-Xv. kz¥w tZl-tØmSv t]mepw \mw AXv sNøm-dp-≠v. AXmWvtcmK-ß-fmbn amdp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂-bmWv tcmK-ß-fpsSDd-hnSw ]e-t∏mgpw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp-∂Xpw.

hfsc _p≤n IqSn-b-hcpw ⁄m\n-Ifpw BƒssZh-ßfpwXn∑sb kq{Xw sIm≠v \∑-bm-sW∂v t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp-≈-h-cm-Wv. AØcw BƒssZ-h-ß-fpw alm-flm-°fpw BWv {Iqin-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Zpc-¥-ßƒ G‰p-hm-ßp-∂-Xpw.

\∑bpw Xn∑bpw t_m[-Ønse k¶¬∏-ß-fm-Wv. F¶nepwAh \iz-c-X-bnse Xo{h-amb A\p- -h-ß-fm-bXn-\m¬ Ahbv°v{]Xn-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip∂p F∂v {àn-°pw. Cu {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø-\-sØ-bmWv I¿Ω ê-ßƒ F∂v thZm-¥-ßƒ hnfn-®-Xv. Xmgv∂t_m[-Øn¬ Ch-sb√mw kXy-ß-fpw A\p- -h-ß-fpam-Wv. t_m[wDb¿∂-h≥ \∑- -Xn-∑-Iƒ°pw Ah-bpsS {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pwAXo-X-\mbn amdp-∂p. H∂n-t\mSpw {]Xn-I-cn-°mØ \n w-Ks\ \∑--Xn-∑-Isfm I¿Ω e-ßsfm _m[n°pI-bn-√. AXv Db¿∂ t_m[-

Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bm-Wv.

101 .in: aq∂v t_m[-X-e-ß-fn¬°qSn (Pm{K-Xv,-kz-]v\w,-kp-jp]vXn)\mw F√m Znh-khpw IS∂p t]mIp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ H∂m-asØ t_m[-Xew Aß-sb-t∏m-ep≈ anÃn-°p-Iƒt° A\p-`-h-am-Ip-I-bp≈pF∂mWv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. F¶nepw km[m-c-W-°m¿°v Ah-cpsS Xmgv∂ t_m[Xe-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v GsX-¶nepw am¿§-Øn¬Db¿∂ t_m[-Xew Fs¥∂v Adn-bm≥ hgn-bpt≠m?

amÃ¿:˛ bYm¿∞Øn¬ \mev t_m[-X-e-ßƒ C√. H∂m-asØt_m[-Xew AYhm ssZhw am{Xsa D≈p. ssZhw k¶¬∏-ßƒ

189sIm≠v {àn-°p-tºm-gmWv _m°n aq∂v t_m[-X-e-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂p-sh∂v ssZh-Øn\p Xs∂ tXm∂p-∂-Xv. {àw t]mbm¬ _m°naq∂v t_m[-X-e-ßfpw C√m-ØXv F∂v a\- n-em-Ipw. kz]v\hpwkpjp-]vXnbpw Pm{K-Øns\ \ne-\n¿Øp∂ t_m[-X-e-ß-fmWvF∂v Rm≥ CXn\p apºv hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠v. tZlw ]cn-Wma kz`m-h-ap≈ ]Zm¿-∞hpw Poh\pw sIm≠v \n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Poh-∑p-‡\v {àw C√m-Xm-Im≥ tZl-Øns‚ ac-Ww-hsc ImØp\n¬t°≠n hcp-∂p.

‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]d-bp-∂Xv tZl-a-√. tZl-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ F√m Pohn-Ifpw‘Rm≥’F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw]d-bp-Ibpw a\p-jy¿ sNøp-∂-sX√mw Ah¿ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv BcmtWm? F¥mtWm? Hcp- a-\p-jy-s\-s°m≠v ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚Xv’ F∂pw ]dbn∏n-°p-∂Xv, AXn-s\-bmWv ssZhw F∂v t_m[-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂Xv. F∂m¬ Hcpa\p-jy\pw Xm≥ ssZh-am-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw A\p`-hn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂v ImWmw. ImcWw ssZhw F∂ alm-t_m[w Hcp tZl-Øns‚ _p≤n-tbmfw Npcp-ßn-t∏m-bn. Aßns\Npcp-ßnb t_m[-amWv {àn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Hcp tZl-Øns‚A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fn-eqsS Xs‚ k¶¬∏-kr-jvSnsb ‘t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ’ AXv oam-Im-c-amb {]]-©hpw AXnse krjvSn-Ifpw Xs‚k¶¬∏-am-Im≥ Hcp km≤y-Xbpw C√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-IbpwAßns\ a\- n-em-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn® D]-I-c-WsØ (tZlhpw,-_p-≤nbpw) ‘Rm≥’ F∂v -sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]cn-an-Xn-IƒD≈ tZl-Øn¬ Xm\pw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂v Adn-™-tXmsS kzm¿∞\mbn amdp-Ibpw; X\n°v ‘\jvS-s∏- -sX√mw’ùXnI hkvXp-°-fn-eq-sSbpw Du¿÷-Øn-eq-sSbpw t\Sm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

cmhnse Fgp-t∂¬°p-tºmƒ t_m[w Cs√-¶n¬ Hcmƒ°pw‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚-Xv’ F∂pw ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√, F∂pIcpXn Poh≥ \jvS-s∏-S-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-an-√. AØc-°m-sc-bmWv{`m¥≥ F∂pw tImam Ah-ÿ-bn¬ D≈-h-s\∂pw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.AXm-bXv Xpcobw F∂ t_m[w tZl-tØmSv _‘-s∏-SmsXB¿°pw ‘Rm≥’ F∂pw ‘Ft‚-sX∂pw’ ]d-bpI km≤y-a-√. AXm-bXv \mw F√mw F∂pw Xpcobw F∂ t_m[-X-e-Øn-emWv tZl-Øn¬ DW-cp-∂-Xv. AXv Adn-bp-∂-h-s\bpw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-s\bpw bYm¿∞ anÃnIv AYhm Poh-∑p-‡≥ F∂pw AXv Adn-bm-Ø-h-sc- km[m-cW a\p-jy¿ F∂pw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

102. injy≥:˛ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb-bm-sW∂vthZm-¥n-Ifpw; Ct∏mƒ B[p-\nI imkv{X-⁄cpw sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp Xs∂-bmtWm t_m[-im-kv{Xhpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv?


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v190amÃ¿:˛ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ°v aptº thZm-¥-

ßƒ ambsb kwi-b- c-ln-X-ambn sXfn-bn-®n- p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ B[p-

\nI uXn-I-im-kv{X-⁄cpw AXv icn-h-bv°p-∂p. F∂m¬ t_m[-

imkv{Xw CXn¬ \n∂pw hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. t_m[-im-kv{X-

Øn¬ A\p- -h-ßsf aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn-®n- p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ am\-

knI ZpxJ-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ hn{`-a aXn-{`-a A\p-`-h-ßƒ amb-bm-

sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°mw. F∂m¬ {àm\p- hw ambbmsW∂v sXfn-bn-

°m≥ B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{X-Øn\v kn≤m-¥-ßfpw sXfn-hp-

Ifpw sIm≠v Ign-™mepw A\p- -h-Øns‚ Xo{h-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ AXv amb-bm-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km≤y-a-√.

{àw F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w Xs∂ C√m-ØXv D≠v F∂

tXm∂-¬ F∂m-Wv. At∏mƒ t_m[-im-kv{X-Ønepw{]]-©hpw

Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb Xs∂-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-tZ-l-sa∂

]Zm¿∞-Øn-eqsS t_m[w A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ-\- -ZpxJw F∂o c≠v

A\p- -h-ßƒ ambsb∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Aßns\ sXfn-

bn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp hy‡nsb tIma Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bt°≠n hcpw.

\n-co-£-I-\mbn \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v AXv km≤y-a-√. AXn-\m¬

t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn¬ thZ-\bpw kpJhpw amb-b-√. Bt]-£nI

A\p- -h-ß-fnse G‰hpw i‡n-tb-dnb hmkvX-h-am-W-Xv. ab°p

acp-∂p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°msX thZ-\-Isf ]q¿Æ-ambn C√m-Xm°n

kpJw am{Xw \¬Im-\p≈ imkv{Xob Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw ⁄m\hpw

[ym\hpw km[-\m-co-Xn-Ifpw Ch-sc√mw I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

ambm-hm-Z-Øn\v A¿∞w D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.

B[p-\nI ùXnI imkv{X-⁄tcm thZm-¥n-Itfm BƒssZ-h-ßtfm imco-cnI thZ\ F∂ A\p- -hsØ Xosc kv]¿in-°p-∂n√ F∂v ImWmw. ImcWw thZ-\-bn-emWv tIh-e -bm-Ym¿∞ysØHfn-∏n®p h®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. thZ-\-bpsS Dd-hnSw, AXns‚ hym]\w,{]h¿Ø\w, B-h¿ Ø\ kz`mhw Ch-sb√mw ]T\ hnj-b-am-°-Ww. F{Xtbm Bbncw h¿j-ß-fmbn a\p-jy¿ `qan-bn¬ h∂n- v._p≤n-bp≈ F{Xtbm Xe-ap-d-Iƒ IS∂p t]mbn, F∂n´pw Bcpwimco-cnI thZ-\-sb-°p-dn®v am{Xw ]Tn-®n-√. thZ-\sb Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn ]cn-l-cn-°p∂ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]e coXn-bn¬ F√mImeØpw I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v,-D-]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ thZ-\-bpsS Dd-hnSw am{Xw Bcpw At\z-jn-®n-√.

thZ\ amb-b-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ambm-hmZw a\p-jy-cn¬ C∂pwshdpw kn≤m-¥-ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. AXv {]tXy-In®v HcpKpWhpw a\p-jy\v sNbvXn- n-√. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Cu tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°p∂ “ Rm≥” Bsc∂pw At\z-jn-®n- pw Imcyan√.kv]¿i -⁄m-t\-{μn-b-amb amwkw apgp-h\pw thZ-\-bp-sSbpw kpJ-

191Øn-s‚bpw am≤yaamWv. Ah-bn¬ thZ-\-bpsS Dd-hnSw At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw kpJsØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. t_mt[m-Zbw e`n® _p≤≥ CXv am{X-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. As√-¶n¬ CuAt\z-jWw am{XamWv Hcp-hs\ _p≤-\m-°p-∂-Xv. a‰v \mev⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ A\p- -h-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse Hcn-°epwt]mhp-I-bn-√. ImcWw Ah amb-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ thZ\ amb-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Hcp ImeØpw Hcp P∑-Ønepw a\pjy\vIgn-bn-√. Chn-sS-bmWv t_m[-imkv{Xw a‰p imkv{Xß-fn¬ \n∂vhyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂-Xv. uXn-I-im-kv{X-ßfpw Bflob imkv{X-ßfpwthZ\ F¥m-sW∂pw Ahsb Fßns\ ASn-®-a¿Øm-sa-∂p-amWvAt\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ t_m[-imkv{Xw AXns‚ t{kmX- mWvAt\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv. t{kmX v Is≠-Øn-bm¬ am{Xsa AXns\ F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. thZ-\-bpsS Dd-hnSwAt\z-jn-°p-∂-hs‚ {]Xn- -e-amWv tam£w. _m°n F¥v At\z-jn-®mepw AXn-s\m-∂n\pw Hcp {]Xn- -ehpw e`n-°p-I-bn-√.

103. in:˛A©v ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fn¬ IqSn t_m[w Xncn-®-dn-hmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-tºm-gmWv Pm{KXv F∂ DW¿Δv bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-∂Xv F∂mWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ah-bn¬ IÆv,-aq-°v,-\m°v,sNhn F∂o \mev ⁄mt\{μn-b-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ A\p- -h-ßfn¬ \n∂v DW-cm≥ Ffp-∏-am-sW∂pw F∂m¬ amwkw F∂⁄mt\-{μnbw \¬Ip∂ thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw kpJ-Øn¬ \n∂pwam{Xw DW-cm≥ t_mt[m-Zbw e`n® _p≤\v t]mepw Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂pamWv Aßv ]d-bp-∂p. t_mt[m-Zbw kw -hn® B¿°pwAXv Ign-™n- n√ F∂v Aßv sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXm-bXv imco-cnI thZ\ am{Xw amb-b√ F∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. CXvH∂p-IqSn hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ amwkw (kv]¿ti-{μnbw) Hgn®v a‰v \mev ⁄mt\-{μnbßƒ \¬Ip∂ Adn-hn¬ \n∂pw A\p- -h-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw DW-cm≥ Ffp∏w Xs∂-bmWv. hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am°n t_m[sØDb¿Øp-I. At∏mƒ \iz-cX A\p- -h-am-Ip-Ibpw AtXmsS Xm≥t\Snb kº-Øp-°-sf√mw \μnbpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw D≈-hcpw _‘p-°-f-√m-Ø-h-cpamb hy‡n-Isf G¬∏n®v kzX-{¥-\m-Ip-I. AtXmsSt_mt[m-Zbw e`n-°p-Ibpw _p≤\mbn amdp-Ibpw ta¬∏-d™\mev ⁄mt\-{μn-b-ß-fpsS amb-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn\v Izm≠w _e-X-{¥-Øns‚ ]co-£W \nco-£-W-ßtfm thZm-¥ ]T-\-ß-fp-sStbm Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m¬t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ AYhm hnIm-c-ßsf \n w-K-am-°m≥ A`n-am\w F∂ CutKm A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bn-√. A`nam\ Øn\v s]mkn-‰ohv s\K-‰ohv Ah-ÿ-I-fn-√. G‰hpw i‡n-tb-dnb kzm¿∞-X-bp-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v192sSbpw Zpcm-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw t{]m{Km-amWv A`n-am-\w. A`n-am\w

C√m-Xm-°n-bmse t_m[w Db-cp-I-bp-≈p. a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v

GXv Zcn-{Z-\n¬ t]mepw i‡-ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂ A`nam\sØ

C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ffp-∏-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv t_m[w Db¿Øm≥

Rm≥ ÿm]n® kvIqƒ Hcp ]cm-P-b-ambn amdn-b-Xv. Fs¥√mw

shdpsX sImSp-Øm¬ t]mepw AXv kzoI-cn®v A`n-am-\sØ C√m-

Xm-°m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√. ]´n-Wn-In-S∂v acn-t°≠n h∂mepw

{Iqc-amb thZ-\-Iƒ kln®v Pohn-t°≠n h∂mepw A`n-am-\sØ

a\p-jy¿°v ssIsh-Sn-bm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. acW ka-bØv t]mepw

Rm≥ Hcp hy‡n-bm-sW∂ A`n-am\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv

ho≠pw amwk-Øn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-tS≠n hcp-∂Xpw t_m[sØ

en¶mbn kzoI-cn-t°≠n hcp-∂-Xpw.

[oc-\mb Hcp-h≥ A`n-am-\sØ C√m-Xm°n _p≤-\m-bm¬

t]mepw A©m-asØ ⁄mt\-{μn-b-amb amwkw sIm≠v D≠m-Ip∂

thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw kpJ-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fßns\ DWcpw? F√m

BƒssZ-h-ßfpw anÃn-°p-Ifpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv.

Db¿∂ t_m[w sImt≠m, \n wKX sImt≠m, XymKw sImt≠m

thZ-\-sbbpw kpJ-sØbpw kv]¿ in°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXm-bXv

_p≤≥ Bb-Xp-sIm≠v tam£w In -W-sat∂m \n¿ΔmW {]m]n-

°-W-sat∂m C√. sk‚v {^m≥kokv A o-kn--sb-t∏mse ssewKnI

kpJw h∂m¬ tdmk-ap-≈n¬ InS∂v Dcp≠v ssewKnI kpJsØ

thZ-\-bm°n am‰mw. F∂m¬ F¥n¬ InS∂v Dcp-≠m¬ thZ\ C√m-

XmIpw F∂XmWv {]iv\w.

thZ-\sb t_m[-imkv{X {_“-Ncyw sIm≠v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc

kpJ-am°n am‰mw. hni-∏n-s‚bpw Zml-Øn-s‚bpw thZ-\sb £Ww

sIm≠pw Pew sIm≠pw ]cn-l-cn-°mw. Aan-X-amb NqSpw XWp∏pw

B[p-\nI imkv{Xw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn ]cn-l-cn-°mw. amc-I-amb

tcmK-ßƒ sIm≠pw A]-I-S-ßƒ sIm≠pw D≠m-Ip∂ thZ-\sb

imiz-X-ambn Fßns\ C√m-Xm°pw? ho≠pw ho≠pw tZl-tØmSv

en¶v sNøp∂ t_m[w thZ-\sb Fs∂∂pw XpS¿∂p sIm≠p

t]mIp∂psh∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw; \ap°v CjvS-ap≈ coXn-bn¬

Btcm-Kyhpw kº-∂-Xbpw PmXnbpw aXhpw D≈ tZlsØ Xnc-

s™-Sp-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ ; Pohs‚

hnj-a-hr-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fßns\ ]pdØpI-S∂v tZlw kzoI-cn-

°msX Fs∂∂pw \ne-\n¬°msa∂ coXn Is≠-tØ-≠Xv \ΩpsS

Bh-iy-hpw e£yhpambn amdp-∂p. AXn-\mbn ⁄m\n-Ifpw

imkv{X-⁄cpw ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww. t_m[-imkv{X coXn-Iƒ AXn-\mbn

D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bptam F∂v Nn¥n-°-Ww. A√msX {]]-©hpw

193Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb-bm-sW∂v ]d-™Xp sImt≠m sXfn-bn-

®Xp sImt≠m Imcy-an-√.

k¶¬∏-ßsf k¶¬∏-ßƒ sIm≠v bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v a\-

n-em-°m\pw sXfn-bn-°m\pw GXv ImeØpw a\p-jy\v Ign-™n-

cp∂p F∂v ImWmw. F∂m¬ k¶¬∏-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m≥ Hcp

ImeØpw a\p-jy¿°p Ign-™n- n-√. AXn-\p≈ am¿§w Is≠-Øn-

bn-´p-an-√.

t_m[-imkv{Xw C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ a‰p imkv{X-ß-fp-ambn hyXy-

kvX-am-Ip-∂Xv Ahn-sS-bm-Wv. k¶¬∏-ßƒ \¬Ip∂ A\p- -h-

ßƒ F¥m-sW∂pw Ah F{X-tØmfw bmYm¿∞yamWv F∂v ]Tn-

°p-∂Xp sIm≠v A¬∏w PohnX kuI-cy-ßƒ h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-

t™-°mw. A√msX AØcw At\z-jWw sIm≠pw ]T-\-ßƒ

sIm≠pw Pohn-XsØ Fs∂∂pw kpJØnepw kt¥m-j-Ønepw

\ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Aßn-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ AhbpsS

]pdtI t]mbn´pw Imcy-an-√. thZ\bpw ZpxJhpw {]iv\-ßfpw a\p-

jys‚ Pohn-XsØ an°-hmdpw Iog-S-°p-Ibpw kpJhpw kt¥m-

jhpw kz¿§hpw km¥z-\Øns‚ hnizm-k-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp

sIm≠n-cn-°pw.

Hcp- th-Z-\sb am‰n as‰mcp thZ-\sb \¬Ip∂ C∂sØ

B[p-\nI NnIn¬km coXnbpw thZ\ kwlm-cn-Ifpw thZ-\-bpsS

imkv{Xo-b-amb ]cn-lm-c-a√ F∂pw a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ kmam\y

_p≤n C∂sØ Kth-j-I¿°pw Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ km[m-cW

a\p-jy¿°pw D≠mIWw. As√-¶n¬ \n m-c-amb ]\n°pw Xe-th-

Z-\bv°pw acp∂p Ign®v hr-°bpw Icfpw lrZ-bhpw \jvS-s∏ v [\-k-

lmbw tXSp∂ a\p-jy-cpsS FÆw h¿≤n®p sImt≠-bn-cn-°pw.

kzm¿∞-Xbpw P\-kw-Jym-h¿≤-\hpw \nb-{¥n-°m≥ P∑\m

Ign-hn-√mØ a\p-jysc kw_-‘n®v thZ-\-sbbpw ZpxJ-sØbpw

C√m-Xm-°m≥ t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ tam£-a-√msX as‰mcp

am¿§-apt≠m F∂v imkv{Xo-b-ambn [mcmfw Kth-jW ]co-£-W-

ßƒ \S-Ønb tij-amWv A\p- -h-ßƒ°v km£n-bmbn tam£w

t\Sp∂ am¿§w t_m[-imkv{Xambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. thZ-\bpw

ZpxJhpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂-h¿°v {]]-

©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb-bm-sW∂v ]d-™p- \-S-°mw, hniz-

kn°mw thZ\ hcp-tºmƒ amc-I-amb hnjw acp-∂mbn Ign°mw

ambm-t_m[w ad-∂p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNømw. F∂m¬ _p≤n-bp-≈-h\v

AXv Ign-bp-I-bn-√.

c≠m-bn-cØn A™qdv h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv Izm≠w _e-X-{¥-

Øns‚ klm-b-an-√msX Xs∂ {]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb-


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v194bm-sW∂v {io _p≤≥ Is≠-Øn-bXp sIm≠mWv sIm´m-chpw IpSpw-

_-Po-hn-Xhpw Dt]-£n®v amb-bn¬ \n∂pw F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn ]pdØp

IS-°m≥ \n¿ΔmW F∂ am¿§w I≠p ]nSn®-Xv. F∂m¬ At±lw Is≠-

Ønb am¿§-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ ªq {]n‚v \ap°v e n-®n-√. ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§w

AXv \in-∏n®v \n¿Δm-Wsb Hcp A n-{]mbam°n (aXw) am‰n.

{]]-©hpw Poh\pw Pohn-Xhpw amb-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn® {]K-

¤-cmb `uXnI imkv{X⁄¿°v Cu amb-bn¬ \n∂v Fßns\

]pdØp IS-°m-sa∂v am{Xw Adn-bn-√. Ah¿°-Xn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-hp-

an-√. amb-bnse amb Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv Ah-cpsS e£yw. AXns\

Ah¿ Theory of Everything F∂mWv t]cn-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

F¥mWv Ch-bp-sS-sb√mw {]tbm-P-\-sa∂v Ah¿°v Nn¥n-°m≥

Ign-bp-∂n-√.

ambsb ho≠pw i‡-am-°p-I F∂ tPmen-bmWv C∂sØ

imkv{X-⁄cpw Bflob ⁄m\n-Ifpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw sNbvXp

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ F√m-hcpw hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw t\m_¬

kΩm\w ]¶n´p \¬Ip∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

t_mt[m-Z-bhpw \n¿Δm-Wbpw tam£-hp-sa√mw Hcp Xcw

DW¿ΔmWv (awakening) kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂w Pm{K-Øn-te°v DW-

cp-∂Xp t]mse. DW¿Δn\v Hcn°epw aX-am-Im\pw imkv{Xam-Im\pw

{]ÿm-\-am-Im\pw ]cn-Wm-a-am-Im\pw am‰am-Im\pw bp‡nbmIm\pw

{]Xn- m-k-am-Im\pw kw -h-am-Im\pw Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬ AXn\v A\p-

-h-am-Im≥ Ign-bpw. kz]v\-Øn¬ \n∂pw DW-cp-tºmƒ kz]v\m-

\p- -h-ßƒ C√mØXmbncp-∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-°m\pw Pm{KXv F∂

as‰mcp A\p- hw D≠v F∂v Adn-bm\pw Ign-bpw. AXp-t]mse

Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂v ho≠pw H∂p-IqSn DW-cm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv

t_m[-imkv{Xw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. kzm¿∞-Xbv°pw B{K-l-

ßƒ°pw km£n-bm-Ip∂ \nanjw AYhm A`n-am-\sØ C√m-Xm-

°p∂ \nanjw Pm{K-Øn¬ \n∂pw t_m[w Db-cp-Ibpw ho≠pw

H∂p IqSn X\nsb DW-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. At∏mƒ Pm{KØnse

A\p- -h-ßƒ \iz-camsW∂pw amb-bm-sW∂pw Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-

Icw A\p- -hamIp-Ibpw Xpco-b-sa∂ G‰hpw Db¿∂ t_m[-X-e-

Ønse A\p- -h-ßƒ F¥m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. thZ-

\ \iz-c-am-sW∂pw ZpxJw amb-bm-sW∂pw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ Cu

t_m[m-hÿ tZl-ap-≈-t∏mƒ Xs∂ km≤yamWv.

tZl-ap-≈-t∏mƒ Xs∂-bmWv \mw \n{Zbpw kz]v\hpw Pm{KXpw

A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ Xpco-bhpw tZl-ap-≈-t∏mƒ

Xs∂ A\p- -hn-°m≥ km[n-°p-sa-∂mWv t_m[-imkv{Xw sXfn-

bn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ GXv t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-emWv \ne-\n¬t°-

195≠Xv F∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw tZlw \ne-\n¬s°-bp≈ tam£m-hÿ \¬Ip-∂p. tZlhpw AXns‚ thZ-\bpwZpxJhpw C√mØ Hcp t_m[m-hÿ a\p-jy≥ Xncn-®-dn-™m¬AXn¬ \ne-\n¬°m-\-√msX thZ-\bpw ZpxJhpw sIm≠v kpjp]vXnt]mepw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂ Hcp t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°m≥ BcpwB{K-ln-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m-¬ Xpco-b-sa∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bn-te°v DW-cm≥ Ign-™m¬ am{Xsa CXv km≤y-am-Ip-I-bp-≈p.

ssewKnI kpJw amb-bm-sW∂v \ap°v Is≠-Ømw. AXn-\p≈ Ignhv \ap-°p-≠v. “jWvUcmbn P\n-°p-∂-h-cp≠v ; a\p-jy-cm¬ jWvU-cm-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp≠v ; kz¿§-cm-P y-sØ-{]Xn Xß-sf-Øs∂ jWvU-cm-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.” (aØmbn 19-,12) F∂v ss__n-fn¬ Pokkv ]d-bp-∂p-≠v, AXv kXy-hp-am-Wv. Aßns\ jWvU-\m-Ip-∂-hs\ kw_-‘n®v ssewKnI kpJw amb-bm-Wv. F∂m¬jWvU\pƒs∏sS B¿°pw thZ\ amb-bm-sW∂v A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. GXv amb-sbbpw bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°m-\p≈Ignhv thZ-\-bv°p-≠v. Fs¥√mw amb-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-®mepwthZ\ am{Xw amb-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Hcp-Im-eØpw a\p-jy¿°vIgn-™n- n-√. Bh-iy-ap-≈-t∏mƒ am{Xw ico-ctØmSv t_m[sØen¶v sNøn-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcp b{¥w Is≠-tØ-≠nbncn-°p-∂p.F∂m¬ AXv ico-c-Øns‚ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb \ne-\n¬∏ns\ _m[n-°m\pw ]mSn-√. F∂m¬ am{Xsa thZ\ amb-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. XXz-Øn¬ CXv Ffp-∏-a-√. ImcWw en¶v\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ _p≤n°v Xncn-®-dnhv \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw en¶ns\]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Xm-°p-Ibpw _p≤n arKm-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw sNøpsa-∂¿∞w.

104. in:˛ Hcp a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-Xz-amWv A`n-am-\-ambn amdp-∂-Xv. A`n-am-\sØ s]mkn-‰o-hm-bmWv F√m-hcpw IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.a\ v F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xp Xs∂-bmWv A`n-am-\w. A`n-am-\sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm-\p-amWv C∂p-h-sc-bp≈ kaqlßƒ{ian-®n-´p-≈-Xv. AXn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-´-sØ-bmWv PohnXwF∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Poh≥ t]mepw A`n-am-\-Øns‚ ap∂n-¬ H∂p-a√ F∂v Imew C∂pw sXfn-bn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬t_m[w Db¿Øm\pw AXn-eqsS P\-\- -a-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kzX-{¥-am-Im\pw A`n-am\amWv XS w F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Fßns\Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bpw. CsXm∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

amÃ¿:˛ A`n-am\w Hcp am\-knI tcmK-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWva\ v t_m[-Ønse Im≥k-dmWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. A`n-am\w i‡-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv Bfl-l-Xybpw {`m¥pw kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. arK-ß-sf-

°mƒ {Iqc-∑m-cm-Ip-∂Xpw. arK-ß-fn¬ t]mepw ImWmØ F√m


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v196s\K-‰ohv kz`m-h-ßfpw a\p-jy-cn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw ZpxJw HcpXocm-im-]-ambn Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hsc XpS-cp-∂Xpw A`n-am\w F∂]nim-Nns‚ {]h¿Ø\w sIm≠m-Wv. a\p-jy-cn¬ C∂p-hsc hf¿∂n-´p≈ F√m ss]im-NnI i‡n-Ifpw A`n-am-\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-b-Xv. C∂p temI-Øp≈ ap°m¬ `mKw hnZym- ymk ÿm]-\-ßfpwCu ss]im-NnI i‡n-Isf hf¿Øp∂ tI-{μ-ß-fm-Wv.

Cu `qan-bn¬ kpJ-ambn Pohn-°m≥ A`n-am-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√ F∂v a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßsf {i≤n-®m¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. kz¥w A`n-am\w am{X-a√ mcy-bp-sSbpw a°-fp-sSbpw A`n-am\w t]mepw kwc-£n-t°≠ KXn-tI-SmWv a\p-jy¿°p-≈-Xv. A`n-am\w C√m-Ø-h\vam\-knI ZpxJhpw `bhpw Xosc D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. Ahs\ NqjWwsNøp-hm\pw h©n-°p-hm\pw B¿°pw km≤y-a-√. A`n-am-\w IqSp-t¥mdpw _p≤n t\sc {]h-¿Øn-°p-I-bn -√. A`n-am-\sØDb¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-tºmƒ _p≤n hnI-e-am-Ip∂Xp ImWmw. A`n-am-\-Øns‚ t]cn-¬ \S∂ F{Xtbm bp≤-ßfpw Iq -°p-cp-Xn-IfpwNcn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

t_m[w kzX-{¥-am-Wv. kzX-{¥-amb t_m[-sØ-bmWv {ôhn¬ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. a\p-jy\p am{Xsa {ô hn√ns\ Xncn-®-dn-hmbn _p≤n-bn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. F∂m¬ Cu{ô hn¬ a\p-jy¿ A`n-am-\sØ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw Db¿Øp-hm-\p-amWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. kzX-{¥-ambt_m[sØ kzX-{¥-ambn A\p- -hn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n´pw F√m-hcpw CXns\ B{K-l-]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn _p≤n-bn¬ kZm-k-a-bhpw D]-tbm--Kn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

kzX-{¥-amb t_m[sØ \mw F¥ns\-¶nepw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ B \nanjw AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bmb ]c-am-\μw \jvS-s∏´v AXv \ΩpsS k¶¬∏-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p. AXm-bXv t_m[wk¶¬∏-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏Spw F∂¿∞w. A`n-am-\hpw B{K-l-ßfpw kzm¿∞-X-bp-sa√mw AØcw k¶¬∏-ß-fm-Wv. Cu k¶¬∏-ß-ƒ \ma-cq-]-ß-fm-Ip-tºmgmWv Ahsb amb F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. ambbv°v Hcn-°epw bmYm¿∞y-am-Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. \mwAXns\ amb F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bmsX bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v F{X-tØmfwi‡-ambn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂pthm A{X-tØmfw a\- ns‚ ka-\nesX‰m-\p≈ km≤yX h¿≤n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

imco-cnI thZ-\-bmWv Cu ambsb bmYm¿∞y-sa∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ amb-bn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ thZ-\-bpsS t{kmX v At\z-jn-°-Ww. At∏mƒ thZ-\-bpsS apºn¬A`n-am-\hpw kzm¿∞-Xbpw B{K-l-ßfpw amb-bm-sW∂v A\p- -

h-s∏-Spw. ÿe- -Im-e-ßƒ C√m-Ø-hbpw Bt]-£n-I-hp-am-sW∂v

197a\- n-em-Ipw. P\-\- -a-c-W-ßƒ shdpw tXm∂-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

t_m≤y-s∏-Spw. AXmWv Pohn-®n-cn-t°-bp≈ tam£w AYhm

\n¿ΔmW. Cu kXyw A\p- -h-s∏- n-s√-¶n¬ tZl-Øns‚ hntbm-

Kw-hsc t_m[w A`n-am-\-ambn thjw amdn \ne-\n¬°pw.

kzX-{¥-amb t_m[sØ kzX-{¥-ambn \ne-\n¿Øn-bp≈ Pohn-

XsØ _u≤ PohnXw F∂pw t_m[sØ kzm¿∞X°mbn D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ Pohn-XsØ ùXnI Pohn-X-sa∂pw hnfn-°mw.

_p≤-\mbn Pohn-°p∂ Hcp a\p-jys\ kw_‘n®v Cu `qan ]dp-Zo-

k-bm-Wv. _p≤-∑m¿ Pohn-°p∂ GXp qanbpw ]dp-Zo-k-bmbn amdpw.

kzX-{¥-amb t_m[sØ F¥n-s\-¶nepw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h≥

]nim-Nn\p Xpey-am-Wv. ImcWw Cu PohnsØ \ne-\n¿Øm≥

t_m[w Bh-iy-an-√m-sb∂v a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ßsf {i≤n-®m¬ a\- n-

emIpw kzm¿∞≥ ]dp-Zo-k-bn¬ Pohn-®m¬t∏mepw AXv \c-I-ambn

amdpw. Hcn-°epw \in-∏n-°phm\pw _p≤n-sIm≠v t\scbm°m≥

Ign-bmØXpamb H∂mWv \c-Iw. AXn¬ Bh¿Øn-°p∂ PohnXw

C√m-Xm-°m≥ km≤y-a-√. ImcWw AXv k¶¬∏-am-Wv. k¶¬∏sØ

C√m-Xm-°n-bm¬ am{Xta B \c-I-Øn¬\n∂pw tamN-\-ap-≈q.

kzX-{¥-amb t_m[w tZl-tØmSv en¶v sNø-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv

AXns\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\√ adn®v AXns‚ ]c-am-\μw amwk-

Øn¬ A\p- -hn-°m-\m-Wv. t_m[w Xs∂ k¶¬∏n® tZl-tØmSv

t_m[w Xs∂ ho≠pw en¶v sNøp-tºmƒ F¥mWv A\p- -h-sa∂v

t\m°m-\mWv. t_m[sØ A`n-am-\-Øn\pw kzm¿∞-Xbv°pw B{K-

l-ßƒ°pambpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Adn-bmØ Hcp ]n©p-

Ip™v `qan-sbbpw AXnse Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw \£-{X-ß-sfbpw

N{μ-s\bpw kqcy-s\bpw ImWp-tºmƒ A\p- -hn°p∂ BÀmZw

F¥mtWm B \njvI-f¶ A\p- -h-Øn\p th≠n-bmWv t_m[w

tZlsØ k¶¬∏n-®-Xv.

A`n-am\w sIm≠pw kzm¿∞X sIm≠pw Zpcm-{K-l-ßƒ

sIm≠pw Ipń-Isf Condition sNbvXn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah¿

F{X hep-Xm-bmepw BZ-sØbpw luh-sbbpw t]mse \njvI-

f¶cmbn Pohn®p acn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. sIm®p-Ip- n-Iƒ P\\- -a-c-W-

ßƒ Fs¥∂v Adn-bm-ØXp t]mse Ahcpw P\-\- -a-c-W-ßƒ

Adn-bpIbn-√.

\njv°-f¶-cmb Ipń-I-fpsS a\- n-te°v Bk-‡n-bpsS

t{]m{Kmw BcmWv Ib-‰n-hn-Sp-∂Xv? ]pdta \n∂p≈ Hcp i‡n-b-

√. t_m[w _p≤n-bp-ambn en¶v sNøp-tºmƒ _p≤n°v e`n-°p∂

Xncn-®-dnhv Hcm-Imw-jsb krjvSn-°pw. kz¥w k¶¬∏ krjvSn-I-

fpsS A¿∞w Fs¥∂v Adn-bm-\p≈ Pn⁄mk AYhm Hcp


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v198hnUvVnØw AYhm Hcp hnh-c-t°Sv, AXmWv thZ-\sb krjvSn®

ambsb bmYm¿∞y-am°n am‰n-bXv ! c≠v hb v {]mb-ap≈ Hcp

Ip™v Hcn-°epw CXv F¥mWv AXv F¥mWv F∂v tNmZn-°m-dn-

√. wKn-bp-≈Xpw C√m-Ø-Xp-amb F¥p I≠mepw AXns\ hnS¿∂

IÆp-I-tfmsS t\m°n kt¥m-jn-°pw. {]mb-am-Ip-t¥mdpw F¥pw

Adn-bm-\p≈ BImwj Ipń-I-fn¬ \nd™p XpS-ßp-∂p. ambsb

AYhm \iz-c-X-bpsS A¿∞w At\z-jn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp {`m¥v.

_p≤≥ c≠v hb- p≈ Ipń-sbt∏msebmWv. Abmƒ kzX-

{¥-amb t_m[-Øns‚ ]c-am-\μw am{Xw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv.

t_m[sØ _p≤≥ H∂n-\mbpw _p≤n-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-

SpØpIbn√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Abmƒ \n w-K-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]n©p Ip™n¬ \njv°f-¶X kzm`mhnIam-sW-¶n¬ _p≤-\n¬

\njv°-f-¶X \n w-K-X-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°p∂p F∂ hyXym-k-ta-bp-

≈p. kmam\y _p≤n-bp≈ B¿°pw Cu ]cn-Wm-a-Øn\p hnt[-b-

am-Im≥ Ign-bpw. A`n-am\w F∂ ss]im-NnI i‡nsb AYhm

A[-a-XzsØ Dt]-£n-°m-\p≈ N¶q‰w am{Xw aXn.

in:˛ Fs‚ a\ v t_mt[m-Z-b-Øn-te°pw AhnsS \n∂v

tam£-Øn-te°pw ]cn-W-an-°m≥ ]mI-ambn F∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-

°p-∂p. Fs‚ hmk\˛Bcm-[\˛km[-\m-tZm-j-ßƒ°v km£n-bm-

Im≥ Ad∏v, shdp∏v, e÷ F∂o hnIm-c-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m\pw

hnIm-c-ßsf kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw Rm≥ Xocp-am-\n®p

Ign-™p.

hnIm-cm-\p- -h-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw C√ F∂-\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

Aß-bpsS klmbw IqSnsb Xocp F∂v Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂p. _p≤n

sIm≠v kq{XsØ sa\™v hnIm-c-ßsf \ne-\n¿Øm\p≈ a\-

ns‚ Ignhv A]m-c-am-sW∂v F\n-°-dn-bmw. XnI™ Hcp Kpcp-

hn\p am{Xsa AØcw kq{X-ßsf t_m≤y-s∏-SpØnØcm≥ Ign-

bp-I-bp-≈p.

A\p-`-hn-°p∂p F∂pw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂n√ F∂pw {àn-∏n-

°phm≥ a\- n\v Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv A\p- -hn-°p∂p F∂ Hcp

hnImcw A\p- -hn-°p-∂n√ F∂pw Xncn®pw {à-Øn-eqsS t_m≤y-

s∏-SpØn Xcm≥ a\- n\v \njv{]-bmkw Ign-bpsa∂¿∞w. AØcw

NXn-°p-gn-I-fn-emWv ⁄m\n-Iƒ F∂pw ]Xn-®n´p≈-Xv.

as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ akvXnjv°w Hcp saΩdn Im¿Um-

Wv. AXv kzbw doUv sNøp-Ibpw tImUv sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ AXns\ kl-Pm-h-t_m[w F∂v hnfn-°mw. F√m Poh-

Pm-e-ß-fnepw t_m[w Cßs\ kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-

199∂p. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xw Cu saΩdn Im¿Uv doUv sNøm≥

km£m¬ t_m[w (ssZhw) Xs∂ en¶mbn hcp-∂p. Aßns\

ssZhw Xm≥ Xs∂ k¶¬∏n®v D≠m-°nb kl-Pm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚

{]h¿Ø-\sØ kzbw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw tZlw ‘Rm≥’ BsW∂pw

‘Ft‚Xv’ BsW∂pw sX‰mbn [cn-°pIbpw sNøp-I am{X-a√

kzm¿∞X sIm≠pw hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠pw Cu A\p- -hsØ i‡-

am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßns\ kz¥w k¶¬∏- kr-jvSn-bn¬

Xs∂ IpSp-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p.

a\- p- sIm≠v a\- ns\ F∂-t∂-bv°p-ambn C√m-Xm-°m-≥

Ign-bp-sa∂mWv thZm-¥-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ a\ p

sIm≠v a\- ns\ C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ -_p-≤n \¬Ip∂

B⁄-Iƒ hy‡hpw IrXy-hp-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

_p≤n, Iºyq- ¿ lm¿Uvshb¿ t]mse Hcp D]-I-c-W-am-Wv.

\n w-K-Xsb s]mkn-‰ohv s\K-‰ohv hnIm-c-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°p-I-

bmWv AXns‚ tPmen. tZl-tIm-i-ß-fnepw a\- nepw h®n-cn-°p∂

Un -t^mƒ´v t{]m{Km-ap-Isf (klP hmk-\-Isf) hnIm-c-ß-fmbn

_p≤n X\nsb hn -Pn®p sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ coXn-bn-emWv F√m Poh-

Pm-e-ß-sfbpw krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-\n¬ am{Xw

klPmh-t_m[w IqSmsX Ah-t_m[w IqSn D≈-Xn-\m¬“ Rm≥

A\p- -hn-°p∂p” AXp-sIm≠v “Rm≥ \ne-\n¬°p∂p” F∂v {`an-

°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jys‚ PohnXw a‰p Poh-Pm-e-ß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-

X¬ A\p-I-ºm¿lam-Ip-∂p. Db¿∂ t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂p sIm≠p

\¬Ip∂ B⁄-Iƒ am{Xsa hy‡hpw IrXyhpw Bbn-cn°pIbp-

≈p. Ahbv°p am{Xsa \iz-c-X,-\-iz-c-Xsb∂pw kzm¿∞-X-sb

kzm¿∞-Xsb∂pw A\p- -h-s∏-SpØm≥ Ignbp-I-bp-≈p.

Db¿∂ t_m[Xe-amb Xpcob-Øn¬ FØn-bm¬ am{Xsa,

AXm-bXv hnIm-c-ßƒ C√m-Xm-bm¬ am{Xsa CØcw B⁄-Iƒ

\¬Im≥ Ign-bp-I-bp≈p F∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Xmgv∂

t_m[Ønse sshd-kmWv hnIm-c-ßƒ. hnIm-c-ß-fpsS km∂n≤yw

sIm≠v Ah-t_m-[-Øn\v icn-bmb hn[-Øn¬ B⁄-Iƒ

\¬Im≥ Ign-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v GXv _p≤n-Po-hn-bp-sSbpw _p≤n

kXysØ Is≠-Øp-I-bn-√.

hnIm-c-ß-sf∂ ‘sshdkv’ Pohn-X-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-sW-∂mWv kaq-

lhpw aX-ßfpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ hnIm-c-ß-sf∂ ‘sshdkv’_m[n® t_m[w Xm≥ {`an-°p∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°p-I-bn-√.

a\ p Xs∂-bmWv t_m[w. hnIm-cm -\p -` -h -ß-fmWv

t_m[sØ a\- m°n am‰p-∂-Xv. hnIm-c-ßƒ A\p- -h-am-I-W-sa-

¶n¬ cmk-h-kvXp-°ƒ D≠m-I-Ww. AXn\v tZl-sa∂ am[yaw


hy‡n-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-t_m-[-Øn-te°v200IqSnsb Xocq. AXn-\m¬ a\- p- sIm≠v a\- ns\ C√m-Xm-°pI

F∂v ]d-™m¬ hnIm-c-ßƒ sIm≠v hnIm-c-ßsf C√m-Xm-°pI

F∂m-W¿∞w. AsXm-cn-°epw km≤y-a√ F∂v t_m[-imkv{Xw

sXfn-bn-®n- p-≠v. am{X-a√ s\K-‰ohv anÃnIv Du¿÷-Øns‚ km∂n-

≤yhpw hnIm-c-ß-fpsS kzbw \n¿Æb tijnbpw IqSn-t®¿∂m¬

A\p- -h-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-a√ F∂v Hcp ⁄m\n°pw _p≤n-am\pw

Hcp- Im-eØpw Hcp P∑-Ønepw tXm∂p-I-bn√. ImcWw t_m[-

Øn-s‚ \mev KpW-ß-fn¬ H∂mb {i≤sb D]m-[n-I-fn-√msX D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ a\p-jy\v kzm`m-hn-I-ambn Ign-hn-√. AXn\v

ITn-\hpw XymK-]q¿Æhpw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-ap≈ ]cn-io-e\w Bh-

iy-am-sW∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

At\-Im-bncw hmk-\-I-fpsS t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ sIm≠v \nd™

a\ v do -t{]m-{Km-an-ßn-eqsS Bflo-b-X-bpsS GX-\p- -hhpw D≠m°n

ImWn-°pw. AXn¬ A\p`hßfn√ F∂ A\p-`hw t]mepw

D≠m°n ImWn-°m≥ AXn\p Ign-bp-sa∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

Aßp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Un -t{]m-{Km-anßv F∂ km£n-Xz-am-Wv.

a\- ns\ G¿s∏-Sp-ØmØ H∂m-W-Xv. a\- ns\ Ah-K-Wn-°p∂

coXn-bmWv AXv. hmk-\-Isf∂- t{]m{Kmap-Ifp≠m°p∂ hnIm-c-

ßsf Uneo‰v sNbvXv a\- ns\ F∂-t∂-°p-ambn C√m-Xm-°p∂

coXn-bm-W-Xv. t_m[-imkv{Xw AØcw Hcp coXn-bn¬ \n∂v hnI-

kn-∏ns®SpØ-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Cu ]pXnb imkv{X-Øn-eqsS P\-

\- -a-cW {`a-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°-s∏´v \nXy-amb ]c-am-\μ

kpJ-sa∂ Db¿∂ t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnte°v (Xpcobw) Fs‚

t_m[sØ DW¿Øp-hm≥ Fs∂ klm-bn-°-W-sa∂ {]m¿∞-\-

tbmsS Aßsb \a-kv°-cn-°p-∂p.

NB:- At\I h¿jsØ kq£va-amb ]co-£-W- -\n-co-£-W-

ß-fn-eqsS cq]s∏Sp-Ønb B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ Bflo-b-X-bmWv

t_m[-im-kv{Xw. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb [mcmfw sXfn-hp-Ifpw tiJ-cn-

°-s∏- n- p-≠v. Ah-sb√mw IqSp-X-embn Adn-b-Ww F∂m-{K-ln-°p-

∂-h¿°v \m≥sk≥ kvIqƒ Hm^v Fth-bvtdm-f-Pnsb kao-]n-

°pItbm ‘t_m[-im-kv{X-Øn\v Hcp ]mT ]pkvXIw’ F∂ IrXn

hmbn°p-Itbm sNømw. \nß-fpsS GXv kwi-b-ßƒ°pw Xmsg

ImWp∂ \º-dn¬ _‘-s∏-Smw.

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