nepal trade issue #2 silver jewllery (nepali)
DESCRIPTION
Nepal Trade issue #2 Silver Jewllery (Nepali) All of the articles in this magazine are the copyright of The Nepal Trade. Any reproduction or distribution requires the consent of the editorial staff.TRANSCRIPT
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kf7s ju {,;g\ @)!! hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u cGtu{t …g]kfnsf] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gk|ltsf] k|lta¢tf sfo{Gjog / ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf ;xof]u kl/of]hgfÚ (WTO/EIF-SP) sf nflu ;kmn jif{ /x\of] . To:t}, @)!@ klg utjif{ h:t} ;kmn /xg]5 eGg]df xfdL k'0f{ cfzfjfbL 5f}F . k|ydtM d kf7sx¿nfO{ gofF jif{ @)!@ sf] x[bob]lv g} z'esfdgf JoSt ug{ rfxG5' .
;g\ @)!! Dff g]kfn Jofkf/ klqsfsf] k|yd cÍ k|sflzt eof] h;n] g]kfnsf] cf}ifwLhGo ;'ulGwt jg:klt tyf cTofjZos t]nnfO{ cfkm\gf] k|d'v cfsif{0f agfPsf] lyof] . tkfO{Fx¿ ;fd' of] klqsfsf] bf];|f] cÍ k|:t't ug{ kfpFbf xfdL v';L 5f}F . o; cÍdf klg xfdLn] g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) cGtu{tsf !( j6f pTkfbg tyf ;]jfx¿dWo]sf] PsnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg] hdsf]{ u/]sf 5f}F . of] cÍsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f eg]sf] g]kfndf pTkfbg x'g] rfFbLsf u/uxgfx¿ x'g\ . g]kfndf o; If]qsf] ;Defjgf tyf cj;/sf ;fy} o; If]qn] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf r'gf}tLnfO{ k|d'v ljifoj:t' agfPsf 5f}F . To:t}, Jofkf/ ;xof]u, af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/ / cGo ljifoj:t'x¿sf af/]df yk hfgsf/L k:s]sf 5f}F .
of] cÍ klg tkfO{+x¿sf nflu cl3Nnf] h:t} pkof]uL / hfgsf/Ld"ns x'g]5 eGg] cfzf u/]sf 5f}F . xfdL tkfO{Fx¿sf] ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}F / cfpFbf cÍx¿df s]s:tf ljifoj:t' ;d]l6P x'GYof] eGg] rfxg'x'G5 Tof] klg xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'x'g]5 eGg] cfzf ub{5f}F .
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Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u / g]kfnJofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g (WTO) n] z'¿ u/]sf] Pp6f kxn xf] . o; kxnn] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿df ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog, pSt ;Demf}tfaf6 nfe lngsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Jofkf/;DaGwL ;Lk tyf k'jf{wf/sf] ;'b[9Ls/0f / cGttM tL /fi6«x¿sf] Jofkf/ k|jw{gdf ;xof]u ub{5 .
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u (AfT) s] xf] <
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u (AfT) Jofkf/df cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] kx'Fr j[lå ug]{] p2]Zon] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gåf/f ;~rflnt Ps kxn xf] . Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]un] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] Jofkf/ ;DaGwL ;Lk tyf ;fwgdf kx'Fr j[l4 u/L tL /fi6«x¿nfO{ ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;Demf}tfaf6 clwstd nfe lng ;xof]u ub{5 . To:t} o; ;xof]u sfo{qmdn] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgof{t, ax'kIfLo Jofkf/ k|0ffnLdf ;dfj]z, pbf/ Jofkf/gLlt / a9\bf] ahf/sf] kx'Fraf6 kmfObf lngdf laz]if ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .
;g\ @))% l8;]Da/df ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] xª\sª\ dGqL:t/Lo ;Dd]ngn] Ps sfo{bnsf] u7g u/L Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u ;+oGqsf] z'¿jft u/]sf] xf] . ;g\ @))^ h'nfO{df pSt sfo{bnn] ;]jfu|fxL /fi6«x¿sf] cfjZostfdfly Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u s]lGb|t x'gkg]{, o;n] ;]jfu|fxL /fi6« / bftfaLr ;DaGw ;]t'sf] sfd ug{‘kg]{ s'/fsf] cg'df]bg u¥of] . ;fy}, pSt sfo{bnn] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gdf cfalws k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df Pp6f cg'udg bn u7gsf nflu klg cg'df]bg u¥of] . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g cGtu{tsf] ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf (EIF) cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] Pp6f o:tf] ;+oGq xf] h;n] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof+sg ub{5 . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gdf ;g\ !((& df :yfkgf ul/Psf] PsLs[t ;+/rgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;g\ @))% df ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf Ps ax'bft[ sfo{qmd xf] . o;n] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ ljZj Jofkf/
k|0ffnLdf cem} a9L ;ls|o agfpg pgLx¿sf] lgof{t Ifdtfsf] ;'wf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 . xfn} ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgfnfO{ OcfOPkm 6«i6 sf]if gfds Ps ax'bft[ 6«i6 sf]ifn] ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;df @# bft[ lgsfox¿sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 $& cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿ nfeflGjt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gn] b'OkIfLo, If]qLo / ax'kIfLo bft[ lgsfox¿af6 yk ;xof]usf] k|jfx a9fO Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] kl/rfngdf d'Vo e'ldsf v]Nb5 . of] ;+u7gn]] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] /fli6«o ljsf; /0fgLltnfO{ Jofkf/sf] d'nk|jfxdf Nofpgsf nflu klg pTk|]/ssf] e'ldsf v]Nb5 .
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;g\ @))^ df Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u sfo{bnn] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf dxflgb]{zsnfO{ Ps ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x u7g ug{ l;kmfl/; u¥of] . To;kl5 dxflgb]{zsn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf k|d'v bftfx¿aLr ;dGjo ug{sf nflu ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gdf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿ ;lxtsf] Pp6f ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x u7g u/] . o; ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xdf clk|msL ljsf; a}+s, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s, k'glg{df{0f tyf ljsf;sf nflu o'/f]k]nL a}+s, cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f sf]if -cfOPdPkm_, cGt/ cd]l/sL lasf; a}+s, O:nfdLs lasf; a}+s, cfOl6;L, cf]Ol;8L, o'Pgl;l6P8L, o'Pg8LkL, o'PgOl;P, o'PgcfOl8cf] / ljZj a}+s ;b:o /x]sf 5g\ .
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] sfof{Gjog ;g\ @))^ sf] sfo{bnsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df Jofkf/
sf nflu ;xof]u kxn ;g\ @))& df sfof{Gjogsf] klxnf] r/0fdf k|j]z u¥of]] . To;kl5 ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gn] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ ljZj bft[lgsfo / ;]jfu|fxL /fi6«df Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] sfof{GjognfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg ug{ Ps cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] z'¿jft u¥of] . Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u sfo{bnn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]unfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df If]qLo / ljZj:t/df k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ cg'df]bg u¥of] . If]qLo k'g/fjnf]sgn] Jofkf/ ;xof]usf] af/]df cfjZos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpF5 . o;n] of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo e"ldsf v]Ng'sf ;fy} k|fyldstfx¿sf] klxrfg ug{df ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . of] k'g/fjnf]sg tL k|fyldstfx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ;Gt'lnt of]hgf agfpg] Ps ;+oGq klg xf] . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gn] ;g\ @))& df k]?, lkmlnlkG; / tfGhflgof / ;g\ @))( df hflDaof, hd}sf / SofDaf]l8ofsf ;/sf/ / ltgsf If]qLo a}+sx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df If]qLo Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of] .
ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g cGtu{tsf] cg'udg OsfOn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] aif{sf] b'Ok6s ljZjJofkL :t/df k'g/fjnf]sg ub{5 . If]qLo:t/df ;+sng ul/Psf ;'rgfx¿sf] cfbgk|bfg g} ljZjJofkL k'g/fjnf]sg xf] . o; k'g/fjnf]sgsf] p2]Zo Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] lg/LIf0f / sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfb}{ bft[lgsfo / ;]jfu|fxLx¿nfO{ Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] sfo{;'lr lj:tf/ ug{df clek|]l/t ug'{ xf] . o;sf cltl/St ljZjJofkL Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u k'g/fjnf]sgn] rfn' ultljlwx¿sf] uxg cWoog, x'g'kg]{ ultljlwx¿sf] klxrfg tyf ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] cg'udg / sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/
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5
ub{5 . ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gn] ;g\ @))&, @))( / @)!! Dff h]g]efdf ljZjJofkL k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfof]-hgf u/]sf] lyof] .
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]un] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ub{5 <
ul/aL 36fpg] ;a}eGbf zlStzfnL pkfo cfly{s j[lå xf] . jf:tjdf s'g} klg /fi6«sf] nflu Jofkf/ g} cfly{s j[[lå u/fpg] k|d'v cfwf/ xf] . ;g\ @))@ df d]lS;sf]sf] df]G6]/]df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] …ljsf;sf nflu nufgLÚ ljifos ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf] ;Dd]ngn] cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu Jofkf/sf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . tyflk Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf af/]df lgs} cufl8 p?Uj] ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . kl5 cfP/ ;g\ @))% df ;+o'St /fi6« ;x>fJbL kl/of]hgf sfo{bnn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u cfkm\gf] kl/of]hgf Kofs]hsf] Ps cleGg c+u ePsf] / o; lsl;dsf] nufgL rfn' ;xof]udf yk cfly{s ;xof]u ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfNof] .
g]kfn / cGo Go"g cfo ePsf /fi6«x¿n] cfkm\gf Jofkf/ k|jw{g ug{ / Jofkf/sf] ljljlws/0f ug{sf nflu cg]sf}F ;d:ofx¿;Fu h'Wg' kl//x]sf] 5 . Jofkf/ ;'wf/ / pbf/Ls/0f gLltn] oL /fi6«x¿nfO{ Jofkf/ lj:tf/ tyf j[[lå / ul/jL lgjf/0fdf cfzftLt of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] b]lvFb}g . oL /fi6«x¿sf] lgof{t Ifdtf tyf Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt k'jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;3fpFgsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo Jofkf/sf] nflu ;xof]unfO{ lj:tf/ tyf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xdt ePsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf Jofkf/ lj:tf/ ug{ / ljZjsf] cy{ ahf/af6 kmfObf lngsf nflu 6]jf k'Ub5 .
g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u
cNkljsl;t /fi6« tyf ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o ePsf gftfn] g]kfn Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf lglDt bfj]bf/ /fi6« xf] . o;sf] lgof{t kIf lgs} sdhf]/ 5 . g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] PsLs[t ;+/rgfdf ;g\ @))@ df cfjå eof] / pSt lgsfosf] ;xof]uaf6 lgwfgfTds Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (DTIS) sf] bfloTj lnof] . o;nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))# sf] cu:6df cg'df]bg u¥of] . ;g\ @))# d] df hf/L ul/aL lgjf/0f /0fgLltkqn] Jofkf/;DaGwL s]xL lgwfgfTds Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltsf l;kmfl/;x¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgfn] tx ! -ljG8f] jfg_ / tx @ -ljG8f] 6'_ u/L nufgL ub{5 h;nfO{ qmdzM 6fo/ ! / 6fo/ @ elgG5 . tx Ps k"FhL k|jfxsf] o:tf] Joj:yf xf] h;n] b]zleq sfo{ut ;xof]u k|bfg / lgwfgfTds Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltnfO{ gjLs/0f -ck8]6_ u/]/ /fli6«o sfof{Gjog Joj:yfsf] dfgj ;+;fwgsf] Ifdtf lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ub{5 . tx @ n] eg] o; /0fgLltdf klxrfg ePsf k|fyldstfsf ultljlwx¿df, ltgsf] gjLs/0f tyf PS;g d]l6«S;sf nflu cfly{s nufgL ub{5 .
lgwfgfTds Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltnfO{ g]kfndf ;+o'St /fi6«;+3 ljsf; sfo{qmd
(UNDP) sf] ;xof]un] g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (NTIS) sf] ¿kdf gjLs/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltnfO{ @)!) sf] h'gdf cg'df]bg u¥of] . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) jf:tjdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Jofkf/;DaGwL k|fljlws ;xof]u / Jofkf/ ;xof]unfO{ ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf (EIF) sf] ;+oGqsf] sfof{Gjog u/]/ ;+of]hg / Joj:yf ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] Ifdtf alnof] kfg]{ k|of; xf] . o; ;+/rgfsf] ;xof]usf nflu ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))% / @))* sf] aLrdf b'O{j6f ljG8f] @ kl/of]hgf cfof]hgf u¥of] . klxnf] kl/of]hgf Jofkf/ ;DaGwL Ifdtf j[[l4;Fu ;DalGwt 5 eg]] bf];|f], ;'b[9 Jofkf/ ;DaGwL bIftf (ENTReC) ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))* / @))( df /fli6«o sfof{Gjog Joj:yf (NIA) sf] :yfkgf u¥of] / tbg';f/ ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgfn] dfu{lgb]{z u/]cg'¿k lgDg vfsf to u¥of]Ms. /fli6«o ;~rfng ;ldlt (NSC);v. k|d'v dGqfnox¿ ;b:o /xg] u/L jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnodf cfwfl/t /fli6«o sfof{Gjog OsfO (NIU);u. /fli6«o sfof{Gjog OsfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{sf nflu d'Vo dGqfnosf k|fljlws ;ldltx¿;3. /fli6«o sfof{Gjog OsfO{nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug{ clg ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿ tyf h]g]ef, ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g, ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf / Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf kxnx¿;Fu ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug{sf nflu OcfOPkm kmf]sn KjfOG6;ª. bftf ;xhstf{ .
g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf nflu of]ubfg lbg] k|d'v bftfx¿df ljZj a}+s, hd{gL, hfkfg, l:j6h/-Nof08 / gj]{ /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ;xof]u / ljsf; ;+:yf (OECD) sf cg';f/ g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] nflu 5'§ofOPsf] /sd @))( sf] ( s/f]8 (! Nffvaf6 ;g\ @)!! Dff cfP/ em08} bf]Aa/ !& s/f]8 #% nfv %) xhf/ ?lkofF k'u]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] k|jfx -cd]l/sL 8n/ xhf/df_
;|f]tM OECD,2011
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u Jofkf/ gLlt tyf lgod, cfly{s k"jf{wf/, pTkfbg Ifdtfsf] lgdf{0f / Jofkf/ ;DaGwL ;dfof]hg sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ ;dlk{t 5 . o;sf cnfjf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u k|ltjåtfn] cf]u6\g] ljz]if If]q eg]sf oftfoft, e08f/0f, phf{ pTkfbg / ljt/0f, s[lif, jgh+un, df5f kfng, a}Flsª\, cfly{s ;]jfx¿, pBf]uwGbf cflb x'g\ .
g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] ljt/0f -cd]l/sL 8n/ xhf/df_
;|f]tM OECD,2011
;g\ @)!) sf] gf]e]Da/df hd{gL ;/sf/ Pp6f gofF bftf ;xhstf{sf] ¿kdf r'lgof] . /fhgLlts tj/df hd{gL /fhb'tfjf;n] ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] eg] k|fljlws tj/df hd{g cGt//f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ) n] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g÷;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf–;xof]u kl/of]hgf (WTO/EIF-Support Project) åf/f g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof ]usf ] nflu bftf ;xhstf{sf ] e"ldsf lgjf {x ul//x]sf ] 5 .
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lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu:
www.enhancedif.org/EN%20web%20pages/Where%20we%20work/Nepal.htm
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/12/48324820.pdf
g]kfn Jofkf/
6
k|rlnt sfg"g d'tfljs cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] 3/, uf8L / u/uxgfh:tf ;DklQnfO{ ef}lts ;DklQ elgG5 eg] l8hfOg jf 9fFrf, ;[hgfåf/f lgld{t k"j{ cl:tTjdf g/x]sf j:t'nfO{ af}l4s ;DklQ elgG5 . ljZj af}l4s ;DklQ ;+u7g (WIPO) n] kl/eflift u/] cg';f/ af}l4s ;DklQ eg]sf …dfgj dl:tisåf/f l;lh{t ;DklQ x'g\ h;cGtu{t cflj:sf/, ;flxlTos / snf;DaGwL sfo{, ;f+s]lts lrGxx¿, gfd, laDa tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fodf k|of]u x'g] l8hfOgx¿ kb{5g\ .Ú s'g} klg JolStnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;DklQdfly k"0f{ clwsf/ x'G5 rfx] Tof] ef}lts xf];\ of af}l4s . t/ To:tf clwsf/x¿ nfu" ug]{ u/fpg] ;+oGqx¿df eg] Ps¿ktf b]lvFb}g .
af}l4s ;DklQnfO{ b'O{ efudf jfFl8Psf] 5 . klxnf], cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ h;df ljz]if clwsf/kqx¿, Jofkf/ lrGx -6«]8dfs{_, cf}Bf]lus ;+/rgf / ef}uf]lns ;"rsx¿ kb{5g\ . bf];|f] k|sf/sf] af}l4s ;DklQdf ;jf{lwsf/x¿ kb{5g\ . l;lh{t ;DklQsf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu s'g} j:t'sf] vf]h tyf cfljisf/ -h:t} gofF cf}ifwL / o;sf] pTkfbg ug]{ k|s[of_ sf] ;+/If0f0fdf ljz]if clwsf/kqx¿sf] k|of]u ul/G5g\ eg] s'g} sDkgL tyf o;sf pTkfbgsf] klxrfg cGo sDkgLx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf klxrfgeGbf leGg b]vfpg / ltgLx¿sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu 6«]8dfs{sf] k|of]u ul/G5g\. ljleGg df]jfOn sDkgLx¿n] pTkfbg u/]sf df]jfOn kmf]gaLr km/s b]vfpg ljz]if k|sf/sf] ;+s]t / gfdsf] ;+of]hg ul/g' o;sf] csf]{ pbfx/0f xf] . To:t}, cf}Bf]lus 9fFrf tyf l8hfOgåf/f s'g} klg sDkgLsf] pTkfbgsf ljz]if l8hfOgsf] ;+/If0f ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu le8An' la6n sf/sf] ljz]if l8hfOgnfO{ lng ;lsG5. To;}u/L ef}uf]lns ;"rsx¿sf] k|of]u s'g} e'efu ljz]ifdf pTkflbt j:t'x¿sf] klxrfgsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ul/G5 . bflh{lnª\sf] lrof o;sf] pbfx/0f xf] . snf, ;+uLt / ;flxToh:tf >[hgfx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug{ k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
jf}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf] cefjn] pTkfbgx¿ / ltgsf l8hfOg, nf]uf] tyf gfdsf] gSsn ug]{ / lkmNd, ;+uLt / ;flxlTos >[hgfx¿sf] rf]/L ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ a9fjf lbG5 . o;n] ;h{snfO{ gf]S;fg k'Ub5 . csf] {tkm{ af}l4s ;DklQsf] plrt ;+/If0fn] sDkgLx¿n] cfh{g u/]sf ahf/ ljZj;gLotfsf cfwf/df cfkm\gf j:t'sf] ahf/ lj:tf/df ;xof]u k'Ub5 . Jofkf/ / af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0faLrsf] o; lsl;dsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;DaGwnfO{ dgg ub}{ af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/sf Jofkf/ ;DaGwL
kIfx¿df ;xdlt (TRIPS) ePsf] 5 / of] ;xdlt ;g\ !((% df :yflkt ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] Psdfq ;+oGq xf] .
af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . o;sf] nflu sfg"gL k|lqmofx¿ / k|z:t ;|f]t;fwgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;sf cnfjf ;DalGwt /fi6«df af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0f btf{ x'g' cfjZos 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf g]kfndf klg rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] If]qdf af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf] dxTj /xL cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) n] pNn]v u/]sf lgof{td"ns pTkfbgsf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf af]s]sf !( pTkfbgdWo] rfFbLsf u/uxgf klg Ps xf] . of] /0fgLltn] rfFbLsf u/uxgf;lxt oL pTkfbgx¿sf] lgof{t j[lå ug{sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fnfO{ sfo{Gjogdf Nofpg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf af/]df g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltn] lbPsf] ;'emfj cg';f/ …k/Dk/fut 1fg / 9fFrfdfÚ lgdL{t u/uxgfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu k/Dk/fut 1fg ;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ dfGotf lbg'k5{ .
:yfgLo / cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf gjLgtd sfo{ h:t} vf]h / ;[hgfx¿ klg af}l4s ;DklQ g} x'g. ltgLx¿nfO{ k/Dk/fut 1fgsf] ¿kdf ;+/If0f ul/g'kb{5 oBlk of] g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu eg] /fd|f] pkfo xf]Og . rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf nflu k/Dk/fut 1fg / l8hfOg k|of]u ug]{ ;'emfj g]kfndf rfFbLsf u/uxgf pTkfbg sfo{df ljz]ifu/L cNk;+Vos ;'gf/x¿ 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ lbOPsf] x 'g ;S5 . rf FbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] sfnLu9x¿;Fu xft] -cf}hf/x¿ k|of ]u u/]/ /fd|f u/uxgf agfpg] ljz]if k|sf/sf ;Lk 5g\ h'g ltgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf k'vf{af6 x:tfGt/0f x'b} cfPsf] xf] . o:tf vfn] k/Dk/fut ;Lksf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Djw{g ug'{kg]{ s'/fnfO{ eg] s;}n] klg gsfg{ ;Sb}g . ltgLx¿sf] ;Lk c? s;}n] gSsn unf{ ls egL 8/fOxfNg'kg]{ cj:yf klg 5}g lsgsL To:tf ;Lk s7Lg / lg/Gt/ tflndaf6 dfq k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] k/Dk/fut 1fg tyf ;Lk c?n] gSsn u5{g\ ls eGg] eGbf klg ltgsf l8hfOg, nf]uf] / gfdsf] ;+/If0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] d"n lrGtf xf] . To;sf/0fn] rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf ;Gbe{df af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf] s'/f ubf{ 6«\]8dfs{ / ;jf{lwsf/sf ljifo a9L ;fGble{s x'g hfG5 .
6«]8dfs{n] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] Jofkfl/s gfd -a|f08 g]d_, nf]uf] / k|df0fLs/0fsf lrGxx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . ;jf{lwsf/n] u/uxgfsf snfTds 9fFrfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . oBlk k|To]s u/uxgfsf] 9fFrf tyf l8hfOg Ps csf]{af6 km/sx'g] x'Fbf k|To]s 9fFrfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ;jf{lwsf/ ;+/If0fdf To;sf] btf{ ul/g'kb{5 . t/ g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] Joj;fo lgs} ;fgf] kl/lwdf /x]sfn] o; lsl;dsf] ;+/If0f k|lqmof clxn]sf] l:yltdf ;Dej b]lvFb}g . To;}n] g]kfnL rfFbLsf uxgf Jofkf/Lx¿sf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0f ug{] ;jeGbf pko'Qm dfWod eg]sf] 6«]8dfs{ g} xf] . 6«]8dfs{sf] btf{n] ;fdfgsf] gSsnL pTkfbg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ /f]Sg'sf ;fy} pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ klg ;'lglZrt ub{5 .
;|f]tM zdf{ k'ik / lg/h >]i7, @)!) . g]kfnaf6 rfFbLsf u/
uxgfx¿sf] lgof{tM l:ylt / efjL of]hgf . ;fjtL(SAWTEE) n] lhcfOh]8sf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] Ps cWoog k|ltj]bg
-ck|sflzt_ .
6«]8dfs{sf] csf]{ klg Pp6f kmfObf 5 . o;n] pTkflbt j:t'sf] u'0f:t/sf] Uof/]G6L / s|]tfx¿nfO{ pTkfbgstf{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbG5 . o;n] 6«]8dfs{ k|fKt dflnsx¿nfO{ c? pTkfbs;Fu :jR5 k|lt:kwf{sf] af6f]df NofpF5 . To;}n] rfFbLsf u/-uxgfx¿ vf; u/L cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df lgof{t ug]{ g]kfnL Aofkf/Lx¿n] tL ahf/df cfkm\gf 6«\8dfs{ btf{ u/fpg' kb{5 . cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/sf] ;'lglZrttf g} ;DalGwt af}l¢s ;DklQ ;+/If0f k|lqmofaf6 kmfObf lng] Ps dfq ;"q xf] eGg] s'/f klg g]kfnL lgof{tstf{ Jofkf/Lx¿n] a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f xf] .
k'ik zdf{Nf]vs ;fjtL (SAWTEE), sf7df8f}sf sfo{s|d ;+of]hs x'g\ .
6«]8dfs{sf] dxTj Nflntk'/sf ;'dg /Tg wfSjf rfFbLsf u/uxgf / cGo wft'ldl>t u/uxgfsf] pTkfbg tyf lgof{t ub{5g\ . pgsf] pTkfbgsf] k|d'v ahf/ eg]sf] hfkfg xf] . pgn] …eNxfNnfÚ a|f08 gfd k|of]u u/]sf pTkfbgx¿ lgof{t ug]{ ub{y] / o;n] hfkfgdf /fd|f] VoftL klg sdfPsf] lyof] . pgn] cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ lrGxsf] s]xL ;do cufl8 hfkfgdf btf{ ug{ vf]h]sf lyP t/ of] gfpF klxn] g} btf{ eO;s]sf] /x]5 . ToxL Jofkf/ lrGx k|of]u u/L cfkm\gf pTkfbg a]Rg pgnfO{ /f]s nufOof] . To;kl5 pgn] cfkm"n] klxNo} ;[hgf u/]sf] tyf 6«]8dfs{sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] nf]uf];lxt gofF nf]uf] …;'dg wfSjfÚ hfkfg / g]kfn b'j} 7fpFdf btf{ u/fP . xfn pgL oxL gfd / nf]uf]df cfkm\gf pTkfbg a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] pgnfO{ cfkm\gf pTkfbg a]Rg hfkfgL jhf/df s'g} Jojwfg v]Kg'k/]sf] 5}g . ljz]if k|sf/sf] l8hfOg / cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf sf/0f Jofkf/L / u|fxsaf6 pgn] /fd|f] VoftL sdfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] pTkfbgdWo] ljjfxdf k|of]u x'g] cf}F7L hfkfgL ahf/df ljz]if k|z+zgLo 5 . pgsf cg';f/ pgsf u|fxsx¿n] vf;u/L pgsf] a|f08 gfd ePs} ;fdfg vf]Hg] ub{5g\ / pgsf pTkfbgx¿sf nflu ljz]if c8{/ ub{5g\ .
rfFbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fo / af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fs'g} klg km:6fpFb} u/]sf] Joj;fosf] cGt/f{li6«o hut\df klxrfg sfod ug{ af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n
7
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u (AfT) n] g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ km:6fpg ;S5Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]unfO{ k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿df s]lGb|t ul/g'kb{5 . xfn} g]kfn 6«]8n] jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf ;lrj;Fu Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u / g]kfnsf laifodf s'/fsfgL u¥of] .
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf nflu 5'§ofOg] ;|f]t;fwgsf] j[lån] cfufdL kfFrjif{df g]kfnsf] Jofkfl/s If]qn] km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 .
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]un] k|z:t cj;/x¿ k|bfg ub{5 jf0fLHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf ;lrj k'?iff]Qd cf]emfsf cg';f/ g]kfn Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u (AfT) sf nflu ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ k|d'v bz /fi6«sf] ;'lrdf gk/]tf klg oxfF Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf nflu ;xof]u j[lå eO/x]sf] 5 . oBlk pxfFsf cg';f/ g]kfndf Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿sf nflu s]lGb|t x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o;sf sf/0fx¿df /fli6«o r]tgfsf] cefj / bftfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf If]qsf af/]df ;r]t u/fpg g;Sg' /x]sf 5g\ . æbftfx¿nfO{ oL ljifodf ;r]t u/fpg] k|of; x'Fb}5g\,Æ cf]emfsf] egfO{ 5, æt/ cem} klg Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u k|ltaåtf / ;xof]usf] ljt/0faLr 7'n} cGt/ 5 .Æ cfly{s ;xof]u / ljsf; ;+:yf (OCED) sf] ljZjJofkL tYof+ssf cg';f/ g]kfnn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u cGtu{t ;g\ @)!! Dff s'n !& s/f]8 #% nfv %) xhf/ ?lkofF kfPsf] lyof] h'g b'O{ aif{cl3 kfPsf] ( s/f]8 (! nfveGbf em08} bf]Aa/ xf] . æxfdL;Fu ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf (EIF) cGtu{t ;|f]t;fwgx¿ 5g\ / o'P;PcfO8L, ljZj a}+s, / hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]uh:tf bft[ lgsfox¿n] g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . t/ ;xof]u k|fKt ug]{ /fi6«sf x}l;otn] g]kfnn] oL ;xof]u tyf ;|f]t;fwgx¿ Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u sfo{qmd cGtu{t pkof]u ug'{ cfjZos 5 .Æ
Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] nIo
Jofkf/df lbuf]kg Nofpg' / ul/aL lgjf/0f ug'{ Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]u ;+oGqsf] k|d'v nIo xf] . æJofkf/df lbuf]kg eGgfn] lgof{tsf] cj:yfdf j[lå x'g'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ hgfpFb5,Æ g]kfn ;/sf/sf pRr clwsf/L cf]emf eGg'x'G5, ælgof{t j[låsf lglDt g]kfn;Fu 7"nf] kl/df0f / d'Nosf j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿ x'g' cfjZos 5 .Æ oBlk pxfFsf] ljrf/df cNksfnLg hf]8 eg] l5§}] pTkfbg x'g ;Sg] j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿dfly x'g'kb{5 . o;n] tfTsflns kmfObfsf] af6f] v'nfpFb5 . bL3{sfnLg k|of;x¿ eg] Jofkf/;DaGwL k'jf{wf/ ljsf;, Jofkf/sf nflu jftfj/0f / bIf dfgj ;|f]t;fwgdf s]Gb|Lt ul/g'kb{5 . cf]emfsf cg';f/ g]kfnnfO{ Jofkf/sf] k'jf{wf/ ljsf; ug{ rf/ b]lv kfFr aif{sf] ;do nfUg]5 . æJofkf/ If]qsf] ljsf;n] ul/aL 36fpgdf ;xof]u k'Ug]5,Æ pxfF eGg'x'G5 .
cfk"lt{ kIfsf Jojwfgx¿
g]kfnn] Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]uaf6 t'ngfTds ¿kdf lgs} kmfObfx¿ lng ;Sg] s'/f ;lrj cf]emfn] :ki6 kfg'{ eof] . t/ k'jf{wf/sf] cefj / k|lts'n Joj;foLs jftfj/0fn] ubf{ g]kfn ljZj ahf/sf] k|ltikwf{df k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 . pxfFsf cg';f/, g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) sfof{Gjog ug'{sf] p2]Zo g]kfnn] t'ngfTds ¿kdf lng ;Sg] kmfObfnfO{ k|ltikwf{Tds kmfObfdf abNg' xf] . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) df lgof{t kIfsf] bIftf dha't agfpg !( If]q / ltgsf ;Defljt ahf/x¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . ælgof{tdf x'g] Jojwfgn]
eGbf klg d"ntM a9\bf] ahf/;Ddsf] kx'Frsf] cefj k|d'v r'gf}tL xf],Æ pxfF eGg'x'G5 . /fi6«sf] nflu 7"nf] nufgL ug'{ / pTkfbgdf j[[lå ug'{ klg cTofjZos 5 lsgsL ahf/;Ddsf] kx'Frn] dfq} klg g]kfnh:tf cNkljsl;t /fi6«x¿sf] lgof{t Ifdtfdf j[[lå x'Fb}g . æeG;f/afx]ssf cj/f]wx¿ h:t} ;fdfgx¿sf] Go"g u'0f:t/ / dfkb08 o;sf k|d'v sf/0f x'g\ . k'/} z'Ns 5'6 ePklg jfWosf/L gLltlgodsf sf/0f xfdLn] ahf/nfO{ pkof]u ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yf 5.Æ cGt/f{li6«o sDkgLx¿n] lglZrt dfkb08x¿ /fv]sf 5g\ / olb tL k'/f gePdf ltgLx¿n] xfd|f ;fdfg l:jsf/ ub}{gg\, ;lrj cf]emf eGg'x'G5, æpSt dfkb08 k'/f ug{sf nflu g]kfnn] u'0f:t/, ;]jf;'ljwf / cTofjZos k'jf{wf/x¿sf] j[[lå ug'{kb{5 .Æ pxfFn] cqm]l86];g af]8{sf] :yfkgf, k|of]zfnf ;'ljwf / cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klxrfgsf nflu kxnx¿ eO/x]sf] klg hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
lghL If]q;Fusf] sfo{
lghL If]q / ;/sf/ Ps} uf8Lsf b'O{ kfª\u|f x'g\. b'O{dWo] Psdfqsf] cg'kl:yltn] klg uf8L u'8\g ;Sb}g . ;lrj cf]emf eGg'x'G5, ælghL If]q / ;/sf/aLr bl/nf] ;fem]bf/L x'g'kb{5 . ;/sf/n] ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ofTds sfdx¿df lghL If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ;w}F /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .Æ ;/sf/n] g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, l;PgcfO{ / g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . s'g} klg lg0f{o lng' cufl8 ;/sf/n] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu a[xt k/fdz{ ub{5 . ælbuf] ljsf; cEof;sf nflu ;fj{hlgs lghL
“Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] sf]if cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf dfq l;ldt x'g'x'b}g . xfdLn] k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df klg hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . o;sf k|ToIf nfeu|fxLx¿ pTkfbs / pBf]uwGbfx¿ x'g'kb{5 .”
kmf]6f] Mlxdfb|L kflnv]
g]kfn Jofkf/
8
;fem]bf/L (PPP) k4ltsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5,Æ pxfF eGg'x'G5 . ljsf;sf nflu of] k4ltåf/f k|efjsf/L ;fdflhs tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ul/G5 . o; k4ltn] Psftkm{ lghL If]qnfO{ hgxLtsf nflu sfdubf{ x'g] nfut / hf]lvddf lhDd]jf/ agfpF5 eg] csf{tkm{ ;/sf/n] Joj:yfkg / sfof{Gjogdf k|ToIf e"ldsf gv]lnsg klg k'j{lgwf{l/t ;]jf;'ljwfx¿sf] dfkb08 ;'lglZrt ug{ ;S5 . ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ln] ;Defljt kmfObf lbnfpF5 . oL ;fem]bf/Lx¿n] ;/sf/nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ pko'St kl/of]hgfsf nflu nrsbf/ aGg klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . ;lrj cf]emfsf cg';f/ k|efjsf/L ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/Ln] /fi6«nfO{ Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf ;Defljt ;|f]t;fwgaf6 kmfObf lng ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 .
bf];|f] tx -l6o/ 6'_kl/of]hgfx¿
bf];|f] tx kl/of]hgfx¿n] g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) sf k|fyldstfx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ . o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo eg]sf] g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltdf klxrfg ePsf sfo{x¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lglDt nufgLof]Uo tx @ -a}+s]an l6o/ 6'_ k|:tfjx¿ tof/ ug{sf lglDt ;Dk"0f{ OR5's ;fj{hlgs, lghL / u}/;/sf/L Ph]G;Lx¿;Fu
;xsfo{ ug'{ xf] . æbf];|f] tx o:tf] sfo{qmd xf] h;df xfdLn] ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf ;xof]u sf]if (EIF Trust Fund) af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} F,Æ cf]emf eGg'xG5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ yf]/} b]zx¿df dfq l6o/ @ k|f]h]S6; ;~rflnt 5 / g]kfn klg tLdWo] Ps x'Fb}5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ xf8{j]o/ ls|ofsnfkx¿ -h:t} ;8s ;Dks{, e08f/0f ;'ljwf, 7"nf ;'Svf aGb/ufx tyf ahf/ ljsf;, hfFr, k|df0fLs/0f / cfGtl/s Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu k|of]uzfnfsf] ;'ljwf_ nfO{ k|fyldstfdf kfl/Psf] 5, hals ;km\j]o/ lqmofsnfkx¿ -h:t} cg';Gwfg_ nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] ul/GYof] . æJofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf] sf]if cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf dfq l;ldt x'g'x' Fb}g . xfdLn] k'jf{wf/ ljsf;df klg hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . o;sf k|ToIf nfeu|fxLx¿ pTkfbs / pBf]uwGbfx¿ x'g'kb{5,Æ ;lrj cf]emf cufl8 eGg'x'G5 . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltsf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] @%* sfo{x¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] nflu af]nkq k|sflzt u/]sf] 5. /fli6«o sfof{Gjog OsfO{ (NIU) n] of] sfo{df ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{5 .
efjL of]hgf
cf]emfsf] ljrf/df g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ Ifdtf dha't agfpgsf nflu cem} w]/} sfd ug'{ afFsL 5 . pTkfbg
tyf ;]jf;'ljwfsf] ljsf; / /fli6«o Ifdtf clej[[låsf nflu cem} a9L Jofkf/sf nflu ;xof]usf nflu ;|f]t;fwgx¿ k|fKt ug]{ lbzftkm{ sfo{ x'Fb}5g\ . ;/sf/n] nufgL jf]8{ P]g kfl/t ul/;s]sf] 5 / !) ca{ ?lkofFeGbf 7"nf k'jf{wf/ kl/of]hgfsf nflu k|ToIf ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ug{ nufgL jif{ @)!@÷!# klg 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . Joj;fosf] pko'St jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/n] ef/t;Fu låkIfLo nufgL k|jw{g tyf ;+/If0f ;Def}tf -ljKkf_ df x:tfIf/ / bf]xf]/f] s/ 5nL ;Demf}tf (DTAA) nfO{ k'//fjnf]jsg u/]sf] 5, pxfFn] yKg'eof] . lgoldt laB't cfk"lt{df ca/f]w tyf sfdbf/x¿sf] cfGbf]ng / sd{rf/LtGqsf] l9nf;':tLsf afah'b klg cf]emf cfzfafbL x'g'x'G5 / pxfFsf cg';f/ g]kfndf Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t cfpFbf] kfFr aif{leq psfnf] nfUg]5 . k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿df x'g] Jofkf/ ;xof]usf ;|f]t;fwgsf] kl/rfngnfO{ pxfF o;sf] k|d'v sf/s 7fGg'x'G5 .
hGg' r'8fn z]kf{, lhcfOh]8
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu:
www.mocs.gov.np
9
rfFbLsf u/uxgf ;DaGwL of]hgf / gLltx¿rfFbLsf u/uxgf n3' tyf ;fgf pBdLx¿n] 7"nf] dfqfdf pTkfbg ug]{ x:tsnfsf ;fdfg cGtu{t kb{5g\ . d'n'sdf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] pTkfbg / lgof{t;DaGwL s'g} vf; P]g sfg"g gePsfn] rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] ;DaGwdf klg x:tsnf If]q;Fu ;DalGwt of]hgf / gLltx¿ g} nfu' x'g] ub{5g\ .
Jofkf/ gLlt @)^^
Jofkf/ gLlt @)^^ sf] d'Vo p2]Zo /fli6«o cy{tGqdf Jofkf/ If]qsf] of]ubfgnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL lgjf/0f sfo{qmddf 6]jf k'¥ofpg' xf] . cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df ultzLntf, If]qLo tyf ax'kIfLo Jofkf/ k2ltdf /fHosf] ;+nUgtf, :oflg6l/ tyf kmfO6f] :oflg6l/ dfkb08 (SPS), Jofkf/sf k|fljlws cj/f]w h:tf d'2fx¿ ;Daf]wg ug{ of] gLlt th'{df ul/Psf] xf] .
Jofkf/ gLlt @)^^ n] x:tsnf If]qsf w]/} sfo{gLlt tyf /0fgLltx¿nfO{ ;d]6]]sf] 5 . o; gLltn] x:tsnf (rfFbLs u/uxgf ;d]t) nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbPsf] 5 .
• 7"nf] kl/df0fdf lgof{t x'g] klZdgf, pmgLsf ;fdfg, rfFbLsf pTkfbg, wft'sf ;fdfg / xft] sfuhsf] ljsf;df 6]jf k'Ug]5 .
• g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3 (FHAN) sf] k|fof]hg / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf x:tsnfsf] pTkfbg ljljwLs/0f;DaGwL cg';Gwfg, lqmofsnfk / tflndx¿, l8hfOlgª, u'0f:t/ ljsf; / ahf/ lj:tf/sf nflu sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5g\ . ;fy}, x:tsnf l8hfOlgª tyf ljsf; s]Gb| (HDDC) nfO{ x:tsnfsf l8hfOlgª lgdf{0fdf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] ;+:yfsf ¿kdf ljsf; ul/g] 5 .
• clu|d e'QmfgL / k|tLtkq -Pn÷;L_ sf cfwf/df lgof{tsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L x:tsnfsf] lgof{tdf e'QmfgL Joj:yf ;/n agfOg] 5 . l8hfOlgªx¿sf] cfoftdf ljz]if k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 / k|tLtkqsf] x:tfGt/0faf6 vl/bljqmL lkmtf{ Joj:yfaf6 lgof{tnfO{ ;xh agfOg] 5 .
• k|tLtkq cGtu{t lgof{t ePsf afx]s cGo x:tsnfsf ;fdfgsf] lgof{t :jLs[tL e'QmfgL] sfuhftsf cfwf/df lbOg]5 .
• s/lkmtL{nfO{ Jojxfl/s / k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu lgof{t d"Nosf] cg'kftdf lglb{i6 ul/Psf] ;dfg b/sf cfwf/df s/ lkmtf{ x'g] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
• k|lqmof ;/nLs/0fsf nflu x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx¿sf] lgof{t ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ k|df0fkq tyf l;kml/;x¿ hf/L ug]{ ;a} lgsfonfO{ Ps} ynf]df NofOg]5 .
• Ps} k6sdf eG;f/ cg'udg / hfFrkf; k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfpgsf nflu eG;f/ sfof{no, k'/ftTj ljefu, ;'/Iff lgsfo, k|x/L nufot ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfox¿nfO{ Ps} ynf]df NofOg]5 .
• ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;dGjodf x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx¿sf] k'/ftflTjs hfFrkf;nfO{
emGem6d'Qm / ;/n agfOg]5 .
• u|fdL0f If]qdf g]kfnL sfuh pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] nf]Stfsf] pTkfbg / ;Íngaf6 cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;'b[9 ug{ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno / jgk}bfj/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;dGjodf lj:t[t sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g] 5g\ .
Jofkf/ gLlt @)^^ n] ax'd"No jf cw{ax'd"No /Tg / kTy/x¿ tyf ;'grfFbLsf u/uxgfsf ;DaGwdf lgDg /0fgLltx¿ klg lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5M
• ax'd"No jf cw{ax'd"No /Tg / kTy/x¿ tyf ;'grfFbLsf u/uxgfx¿sf] pTkfbg, ljsf; / lgof{t k|jw{gsf nflu 5'§} ljz]if gLlt th'{df u/L u/uxgfsf] pTkfbgdf nfUg] sRrf kbfy{sf] cfoft ;/n / s/d'Qm agfOg] 5 .
• ax'd"No jf cw{ax'd"No /Tg / kTy/x¿af6 ag]sf u/uxgfx¿sf] pTkfbg, cfoft, lgof{t / k'gM lgof{tnfO{ a9fjf lbg ax'd"No jf cw{ax'd"No /Tg / kTy/x¿sf] pTvGgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .
• ax'd"No jf cw{ax'd"No kTy/ tyf u/uxgfx¿sf] pTkfbg / lgof{t ug]{ pBf]ux¿sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cf}hf/ / d]lzg/Lsf] cfoftdf eG;f/ / s/ 5'6 x'g]5 .
• u/uxgfsf] pTkfbg lglZrt ahf/x¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .
• laleGg lsl;dsf /Tg, kTy/ / ;'g tyf rfFbLsf u/uxgfx¿sf] pTkfbg / kof{Kt :6ssf nflu cfjZos wg/fzLsf] Joj:yf u/L lgof{t cj;/x¿sf] j[l4 ug{ cltl/Qm k|jw{g sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g]5 . ;'g tyf rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] sfnLu9x¿sf] ;Lk clej[l4 ug{ tflndsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
cfjlws of]hgf
;g\ !((& eGbfcl3 s'g} cfjlws of]hgfx¿df g]kfnL rfFbLsf uxgf pBf]usf] ljsf;sf nflu lglb{i6 of]hgf lyPg . gjf}F of]hgf -lj=;+ @)%$–@)%(_ n] cGt/f{li6«o dfu / rfxgf adf]lhd x:tsnfsf] pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbof] . pQm of]hgfn] g]kfnL k/Dk/fut pTkfbgsf] ljsf;sf ;fy} ;d;fdoLs cfw'lgs :j¿ksf pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg tflndsf] kl/sNkgf u¥of] . cGt/f{li6«o rfxgf adf]lhdsf u'0f:t/Lo ;fdfgx¿sf] pTkfbg u/L lgof{t ug{ ;lsof];\ eGg] x]t'n] o; of]hgfn] pTkfbs / Joj;foLx¿nfO{ ;f];DaGwL ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg sfo{qmdx¿ Nofof] . To;}u/L, bzf}F of]hgf -@)%(–@)^$_ n] x:tsnf nufot k/Dk/fut ¿kdf lgld{t lgof{tof]Uo j:t'sf] k|jw{g / ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg vf]h]sf] 5 .
tLg jif]{ cGtl/d of]hgf -@)^$–@)^&_ cGtu{tsf] Ps /0fgLltn] k/Dk/fut ;Lkdf cfwfl/t x:tsnfsf] pTkfbg / lgof{tdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbPsf] 5 . o;n] rfFbL nufotsf cGo u/uxgfsf] pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / lgof{tsf] nflu cnUu} k|jw{g s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ug{ a[xt k|f/lDes kxn / cWoog ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu Ps 5'§} gLlt lgdf{0f u/L sRrf kbfy{sf] cfoft, pTkfbg jf k|zf]wgdf lgoGq0f, :yfgLo:t/df laqmL, lgof{t, eG;f/ k|lqmof / s/ ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ul/g] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o; gLltn] :yfgLo dfgj ;+;fwgnfO{ tflndsf] Joj:yf / u'0f:t/ ;'wf/, pTkfbgsf] :t/Ls/0f / ljljwLs/0fsf nflu lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf PsLs[t k|fljlws ;+:yf :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
bf]>f] tLg jif]{ k4lt of]hgf kq -@)^&–@)&)_ n] x:tsnf jf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf ;DaGwdf s'g} ljz]if of]hgf jf sfo{qmd ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5}g . tyflk of]hgfn] k|fyldstfsf lgDg If]qx¿ pNn]v u/]sf] 5M
• s[lif, ko{6g, pBf]u / lgof{t Jofkf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ cfly{s j[[l4 / /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf hf]8 lbOg]5 .
• /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf cfof]hgfx¿ / hgtfnfO{ k|ToIf /fxt lbg] sfo{qmdnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfsf] If]qdf /flvg]5 .
>f]tM s= g]kfnaf6 rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] lgof{tM cj:yf / efjL of]hgf . ;fjtL (SAWTEE) n] lhcfOh]8sf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] Ps cWoog k|ltj]bg -ck|sflzt_. v= Jofkf/ gLlt, ;g\ @))(M g]kfn ;/sf/ jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnoåf/f k|sflzt . u= tLg jif]{ of]hgf k2lt kq, @)!)÷@)!!—@)!@÷@)!# .
ljwf k|wfg, lhcfOh]8
g]kfn Jofkf/
10
rfFbLsf u/uxgf pBf]ucj;/ / r'gf}tLx? .
rfFbLsf u/uxgf pBf]un] g]kfnsf] s'n x:tsnf lgof{tsf] Ps rf}yfO efu of]ubfg lbg] cfFsng ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk o; If]qn] em]Ng'k/]sf ljljw ;d:ofsf sf/0f o; s'/fnfO{ cem} dx;'; ul/Psf] 5}g . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (NTIS)–@)!) sf cg';f/ g]kfndf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] jflif{s pTkfbg Ifdtf %) d]l6«s 6g ePklg !% b]lv @) d]l6«s 6gdfq pTkfbg eO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3 (FHAN) sf cg';f/ ;g\ @))& df %@& ;+:yf / sDkgLx¿ uxgf pTkfbg / lgof{tdf k|ToIf ;+nUg lyP . cfly{s jif{ @))(÷@)!) df d'n'sn] $ s/f]8 &) nfvcd]l/sL 8n/ a/fj/sf] rfFbLsf u/uxgf lgof{t u/]sf] lyof] . of] s'n g]kfnL x:tsnf lgof{tsf] !# k|ltzt xf] .
rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf If]qn] s'n Jofkfl/s dfn;fdfg lgof{tsf] of]ubfgdf Tolt 7"nf] dxTj g/fv]klg /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf >[hgf ug]{ x'Fbf o;n] g]kfnL cy{tGqdf ljlzi6 :yfg cf]u6\g ;kmn ePsf] 5 . cfly{s b[li6n] lgof{t clej[l4 ug{‘sf ;fy} sfnLu9 / s]xL cfbLjf;L, hghftL tyf blnt ;d'bfox¿sf] ;zlQms/0fsf nflu;d]t ;d]t /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf] x'Fbf o; If]qsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;gsf cg';f/ xfn u/uxgfsf] If]qdf @% ;o pBdLx¿ sfo{/t 5g\ . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) df rfFbLsf
u/uxgfsf] If]qn] !) xhf/ sfnLu9x¿nfO{ k|ToIf /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ lbO/x]sf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnn] rfFbLnfO{ uxgfsf] ¿kdf lgof{t ubf{ of] wft'sf] d"No $) b]lv %) k|ltzt;Dd j[l4 x'g k'u]sf] 5 / g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) n] s'n lgof{t /fh:jsf] # k|ltzt rfFbLsf u/uxgfaf6 ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
ax'd"No kTy/ h8fg u/L rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpFbf rfFbL tyf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] d'No cem} a9\g] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . ;/sf/n] ax'd'No kTy/sf] vfgL pTvgg / k|zf]wgsf nflu ljz]if ;'ljwf k|bfg u/L d'n'sdf yk /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ >[hgf ug{ ;S5 . o;/L rfFbLsf uxgf pBf]u g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] nflu Pp6f k|d'v kf6f] aGg ;S5 .
cGt/f{li6«o tyf 3/]n' dfu
cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ s]Gb|sf] …g]kfndf lgof{t ;Defjgf n]vfhf]vfÚ (export potential assessment in Nepal) n] rfFbLsf uxgfsf] nflu g]kfn /fd|f] ;Defjgf af]s]sf] ljZjahf/ x'g;Sg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL u/uxgfsf ;a}eGbf cfsif{s ahf/sf ¿kdf o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf s]xL /fi6«, ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf, xª\sË / ef/t /x]sf 5g\ .
cGo ahf/;Fusf] k|ltikwf{sf b[li6sf]0fn] x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfn;Fu y'k|} kmfObfsf kIfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oxfFsf]
Go"g >d nfut, ;'Gb/ k/Dk/fut z}nL / x:tlgld{t j:t'sf /fd|f u'0f:t/sf sf/0f cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf g} rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] ahf/ c+z clej[[l4 x'g ;S5 .
Pp6f bIf g]kfnL sfnLu9sf] dfl;s cf};t cfDbfgL eg]sf] @%) cd]l/sL 8n/ xf] h'g ef/t / yfONof08h:tf b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf sDtL xf] . o:t}u/L g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgf laqmLsf] k|d'v sf/0f logsf] k/Dk/fut l8hfOg xf] h'g k"0f{¿kdf x:tlgld{t /xFb} cfPsf] 5 .
rfFbLsf u/uxgf dfusf cfwf/df g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLltn] klxrfg u/]sf ;Defljt rf/ /fd|f ahf/x¿df xª\sË, cd]l/sf, hd{gL / a]nfot x'g\ . cGo k|d'v ahf/x¿n] klg cToGt} cg's'n /fi6« (MFN) cGtu{t g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfnfO{ s//lxt ;'lawfsf] kx'Fr lbPsf 5g\ . g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfnfO{ cfkm\gf ahf/x¿df o'/f]k]nL ;+3 (EU) n] @=% k|ltzt, cd]l/sfn] % b]lv !#=% k|ltzt, hfkfgn] ^=@ k|ltzt, Sofgf8fn] % b]lv *=% k|ltzt / ef/tn] !) k|ltzt s//lxt kx'Fr lbPsf 5g\ .
g]kfnaf6 lgof{t ePsf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf ;DaGwdf blIf0f Pl;of Jofkf/, cy{tGq tyf jftfj/0f lgu/fgL (SAWTEE) n] tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;g\ @))^ b]lv @))* ;Ddsf] cjlwdf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] ljZj lgof{t jflif{s # ca{ b]lv %
kmf]6f] M?k s'df/ lj=s
11
ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ k'u]sf] lyof] . dlGbk"j{sf] cjlwdf klg rfFbLsf uxgfsf] j[[l4b/n] o;sf] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf nflu /fd|f] ;Defjgf b]vfpF5 / g]kfnn] of] a9\bf] lgof{t ;Defjgfaf6 nfe lng ;Sg'k5{ .
cGt/f{li6«o afx]s 3/]n' ahf/n] klg rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf laqmL tyf vktsf nflu plQs} /fd|f] ;Defjgf af]s]sf 5g\ . k/Dk/fut klx/g jf uxgfsf ¿kdf pkef]u ug]{ k|rngn] rfFbLsf] dfunfO{ pRr agfPsf] 5 . d'n'sdf /x]sf o'jf k':tf dfem o;sf] a9\bf] nf]slk|otf / o;sf] cfkm\g} d'Nosf] ;'kytfafx]s ;'gsf] cfsfl;Fbf] d'No j[l4n] ;d]t rfFbLsf] dfunfO{ a9fPsf] 5 .
s]xL g]kfnL ;d'bfox¿ -h:t} g]jf/x¿_ n] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxdf rfFbLsf uxgf pkxf/sf ¿kdf lbg] k/Dk/fut k|rngn] ubf{ klg ljjfxsf a]nf rfFbLsf] dfu a9\g] u/]sf] 5 .
r'gf}tLx¿
rfFbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fo r'gf}tLaf6 d'Qm eg] 5}g . o; Joj;fosf d'Vo cj/f]wdf sRrf kbfy{sf] kx'Frdf sdL, Sof8ldod (cadmium) sf] ld;fj6, bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj, pRr dfusf] k"lt{df ;d:of, cGt/f{li6«o k|ltikwf{df s7LgfO{, lgof{t d}qL lgod–sfg"gsf] cefj / ckof{Kt af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/ ;+/If0f k2lt /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] rfFbL yf]sdf dfq rfFbL laqmL ub{5 . d'No clej[l4 s/ -Eof6_ df btf{ ePsf sDkgLx¿n] dfq s]Gb|Lo a}+saf6 rfFbL vl/b ug{ ;S5g\ . s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] k|fjwfgn] ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdLx¿ (SMEs) nfO{ rfFbL a}+saf6 vl/b ug{sf nflu k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] 5}g . :yfgLo ahf/x¿n] rfFbLsf] z'4tfsf] Uof/]G6Lgug]{ ePklg qm]tfn] log} ahf/x¿af6 rfFbL vl/b ug{ afWo x'g'k/]sf] 5 . 7"nf] dfqfsf] lgof{tsf nflu rflxg] sRrf rfFbL, ax'd'No wft' / kTy/h:tf sRrf kbfy{ / rfFbLsf uxgf agfpg k|of]u x'g] cf}hf/x¿sf] 3/]n' cfk"lt{ kof{Kt 5}g . sfnLu9x¿ k/Dk/fut snfTds 9fFrf, ;Lk tyf k|ljlwdf dfq e/ k/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] Joj;flos tj/n] rfFbLsf u/uxgf pTkfbgsf] ahf/ a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5}g .
rfFbLsf u/uxgfdf xfn;fn} b]lvPsf] csf]{ r'gf}tL eg]sf] o;df Sof8ldodsf] ld;fj6 xf] . Sof8ldod rfFbLaf6 5'§¥ofpg g;lsg] ljiffn' wft' xf] . hfgsf/x¿sf cg';f/ of] wft'n] 5fnfsf] PnhL{ u/fpFb5 / o;sf] uGwn] Zjf;k|Zjf; tyf d[uf}nfdf uDeL/ c;/ kfb{5 . g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgf pTkfbgsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] qm]tf o'/f]k]nL o'lgogn] oxfFsf] pTkfbgdf Sof8ldodsf] ld;fj6 ePsf] kfOPdf k|ltaGw nufpg] s'/f atfO;s]sf] 5 . Sof8ldodsf] k/LIf0fhfFr ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3 / g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k/LIf0f hfFr ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] ePklg k/LIf0f ug]{ d]lzgsf] cefjsf sf/0f of] ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g .
r]tgfsf] cefj / cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf ahf/ klxrfg ug{ g;s]sf sf/0f g]kfnL sfnLu9x¿ cGo If]qtkm{ knfog eO{/x]sf 5g\ . bIf sfnLu9sf cefjsf sf/0f 7"nf kl/0ffdsf dfux¿ lgof{t ug{ lgof{tstf{x¿nfO{ cK7]/f] k/]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ uxgf pTkfbsx¿ ljb]zL sfnLu9sf] e/ kg'{ k/]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k g]kfnLx?n] Psflt/ :jb]zdf g} /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ k/Dk/fut z}nLsf]nflu 1fg cfh{gsf] e08f/ klg ljlng x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
g]kfnn] ef/t, >Ln+sf, d]lS;sf], OG8f]g]lzofh:tf d'n'sx¿;Fu bx|f] k|ltikwf{sf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 / o;n] rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf nflu gofF ahf/sf] vf]hLsf nflu ahf/ cg';Gwfg ug{ cem} afFsL g} 5 .
cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ s]Gb| (ITC) sf] n]vfhf]vfsf] lgisif{ cg';f/ g]kfndf ax'd'No wft', kTy/ / uxgfsf] pTvgg, k|zf]wg, pTkfbg, lgof{t, cfoft / k'gM lgof{tdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lgof{td}qL tyf kf/bzL{ P]glgod / ;/nLs[t k|s[ofx¿sf] cefj 5 .
d'n'sdf af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/ (IPR) ;+/If0f k2ltsf] ckof{Kttfn] ubf{ rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf l8hfOgstf{n] ltgsf l8hfOgx¿ -gofF / k'/fgf b'j}_ / cfkm\gf l8hfOgsf clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug{ ;ls/x ]sf 5}gg\ . Joj;foLx¿sf cg';f/ k|ltikwL{ b]zx¿n] ;d]t g]kfnL l8hfOgsf gSsn u/L ljz]if d]l;g4f/f a[[xt pTkfbg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgf pTkfbsx¿;Fu 7"nf] dfqfdf pTkfbg / lgof{t ug]{ Ifdtf ;Lldt 5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgf pTkfbg k|s[ofsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / j[xt dfqfdf lgof{tsf nflu cg's'n gePsf] ljZjf; lgDg b'O{ k|d'v sf/0fn] ul/G5M !_ ljb]zdf rFfbLsf u/uxgfsf] g]kfnL ahf/ ltgsf x:tlgld{t k|s[lt / /fd|f] u'0f:t/sf sf/0f ljsf; ePsfn] @_ ef/t, yfONof08, O08f]g]lzofh:tf d'n'sn] cfkm\gf pTkfbgx¿sf] cfw'lgsLs/0f ul/;s]sf / 7"nf] dfqfdf lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] ePsfn] . dflysf dfGotfx¿sf cfwf/df g]kfnn] pTkfbgsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f u/]tfklg :yflkt b]zx¿;Fu nfut / dfqf b'a}sf cfwf/df k|ltikwf{ ug{ g;Sg] b]lvG5 . To;}n] g]kfnn] a9\bf] u/uxgfsf] ahf/af6 kmfObf lng] / cfkm\gf] df}lns ;fdYo{nfO{ kF'hLs[t ug]{ :j:Yo lsl;dsf] k|jw{gd"ns /0fgLlt agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
oL r'gf}tLx¿ ;Daf]wgsf nflu ;/sf/ / lghL If]q k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnf :yfkgf ug{ / sfnLu9nfO{ tflnd pknAw u/fpg ;Fu} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon] hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ), ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g÷;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf–;xof]u kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf rfFbLsf u/uxgf If]qsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf] 5 .
kl/of]hgfsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu o; If]qsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;lDdlnt Ps kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d'x (PAG) u7g ul/Psf] 5 . kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d'xn] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0fsf nflu k|of]uzfnfsf] :t/ j[l4, l8hfOgstf{ tyf sfnLu9sf] Ifdtfj[[l4 / ahf/ ;+oGqsf] ljsf;h:tf o; If]qsf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df s]lGb|t !( j6f s[ofsnfk ;d]6L Ps sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM www.nepaltrade.org.
lxdfb|L kflnv], lhcfOh]8
“rFfbLsf u/uxgfsf] Joj;fo g]kfnsf] cffly{s pGgtLsf] dfWod
;flat x'g ;S5 .”
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n
g]kfn Jofkf/
12
rFfbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fosf] z'¿jft– sfg'gL kIfr/0f a4 k|ls|of .
rFfbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fo z'¿ ug{sf nflu ckgfpg'kg]{ k|s[of cGt{ut btf{ ug'{‘kg]{ lgsfox¿sf] ;"rL:
!. dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{no jf pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfof{nodf btf{ ug]{ .
;a} Joj;fox¿ ;DalGwt dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{kg]{5 . btf{ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft cfjZos kg]{5g\M
• k|:tfljt k;n jf sDkgLsf nflu cfj]bg kmf/fd
• k|:tfljt wgLsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk
• kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|lt • rfFbLsf uxgf k;n / pTkfbg sDkgLsf nflu
btf{ z'Ns qmdzM ? !,))) / ?= !),))) .
pko'Qm sfuhft k|fKt x'g cfPkl5 dxfgu/kflnsf sfof{no jf pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfof{non] lgj]bsnfO{ Joj;fo btf{ k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ 5 . of] k|df0fkq k|To]s jif{ gjLs/0f ug'{kb{5 . jflif{s gjLs/0f z'Ns btf{ z'Ns a/fa/ nfUg]5 . cfkm\gf] Joj;fosf] gjLs/0f >fj0f d;fGt;Dddf ug]{ Joj;foLn] %
k|ltzt 5'6 ;'ljwf kfpg]5 . tf]lsPsf] ;do gf3L gjLs/0f x'g cfPsf Joj;foLx¿n] hl/jfgf;d]t ltg'{kg]{5 .
lj:t[t ljj/0fsf nflu: www.kathmandu.gov.np
@. Joj;fosf] k|s[lt / k|sf/sf cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt ljefudf btf{ ug'k5{ .
• jfl0fHo ljefu
Jofkfl/s sDkgLx¿ (trading companies) jfl0fHo ljefudf btf{ ul/G5g\ . d'ne"t¿kdf oL sDkgLx¿n] cfkm\gf ljljw k|sf/sf pTkfbgx¿ pkef]Qmf, Joj;foL jf ;/sf/nfO{ laqmL u/L Jofkf/ k|jw{g ub{5g\ . oL sDkgLx¿n] j[xt bfo/fsf pTkfbgx¿ vl/b u/]/ k;n jf :6ssf] Joj:yfkg u/L u|fxsx¿ dfem cfk"lt{ ub{5g\ .
Jofkfl/s sDkgLx¿sf] btf{sf nflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhftx¿ jfl0fHo ljefu, aa/dxn, sf7df8f}Fdf a'emfpg'k5{M
• k|:tfljt k;n wgLsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq
• k|:tfljt k;n wgLsf] kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|lt
• k;nsf] clws[t kF'hLsf] cfwf/df btf{ z'Ns b]xfo adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5M
- clws[t kF'hL ?= ! nfv ;Ddsf] ?= &)) - clws [t k F 'hL ?= # nfv ;Ddsf ] ?= @!))- clws[t kF'hL ?= % nfv ;Ddsf] ?= $!)) .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu: www.doc.gov.np
• 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu (DCSI)
pTkfbg, ko{6g, phf{, s[lif, ;]jf tyf lgdf{0f h:tf clwsf+z ;fgf Joj;fox¿ h:t} rfFbLsf uxgf pTkfbs sDkgL klg 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefudf clgjfo{ ¿kdf btf{ x'g' cfjZos 5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefudf btf{ x'gsf nflu lgDg sfuhft k]z ug{‘kb{5M
• btf{sf nflu lgj]bg• gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk• kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|lt• nfnk'hf{sf] k|ltlnlk• uflj; jf pk÷dxf÷gu/kflnsf sfof{nosf]
l;kmfl/;kq
rFfbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fonfO{ Ps :jtGq sfg'gL lgsfosf ¿kdf z'¿ ug{sf lglDt ckgfpg'kg]{ k|s[ofnfO{ tn lbOPsf] rf6{n] qmlds¿kdf dfu{bz{g ub{5 . oBlk Joj;fosf] k|s[lt / k|sf/sf cfwf/df tn pNn]v ul/Psf lgsfox¿sf] qmd km/s klg x'g ;Sg]5 .
13
kmf]6f] M pHjn ah|frfo{
• Joj;fo ;~rfng ul/g nfu]sf] If]q j/k/sf l5d]sL hUuf3gLx¿;Fusf] ;xdtLkq
• cfjZos eP cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox¿af6 ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfkq
• ?= % sf] l6s6 .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu: www.dcsi.gov.np
#. sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no
lghL sDkgLx¿ pBf]u dGqfno cGt{utsf] sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no, lqk'/]Zj/df btf{ x'g'kb{5 . sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nodf btf{ x'gsf nflu lghL sDkgLx¿n] lgDg sfuhft k|:t't ug{‘kb{5M
• jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf] cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfsf] lgj]bg / ?= % sf] x'nfs l6s6
• g]kfnL efiffdf cg';"rL–@ adf]lhdsf] ;+3sf] n]vsf] @ k|lt
• g]kfnL efiffdf cg';"rL–# adf]lhdsf] :d[ltkqsf] n]vsf] @ k|lt
• ;+:yfks z]o/wgLx¿sf] gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlkx¿
• lghL sDkgLsf] xsdf ;+:yfks ;fem]bf/x¿ aLrdf s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk
• ;+:yfks sDkgL g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] sDkgL eP lgDg adf]lhdsf sfuhft;d]t k]z ug'{kg]{5M
- sDkgL btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk Ps - k|:tfljt sDkgLdf ul/g] nufgLsf] lj:t[t ljj/0fsf ;DaGwdf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk Ps - k|:tfljt sDkgLsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmsf] gfd / gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk .
ljb]zL gful/ssf] xsdf sDkgL btf{ ug{ lgDg adf]lhdsf yk sfuhkqsf] cfjZostf kb{5M
• k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd g]kfndf nufgL ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt kfPsf] k|df0fsf] k|ltlnlk
• ljb]zL gful/s Psn ePsf] xsdf• sDkgL btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk - ;+:yfksåf/f k|:tfljt sDkgLdf ul/g] nufgLsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f;DaGwL lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk - ;+:yfkg sDkgLsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmsf] /fxbfgLsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk .
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof sDkgL btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] s]xL lbgleq} sfof{non] btf{sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbPkZrft ;DalGwt JolQmn] btf{z'Ns a'emfO{ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . btf{z'Ns sDkgLsf] clws[t k'FhLsf cfwf/df to ul/Psf] x'G5 .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu :www.cro.gov.np
$. cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf btf{
Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] #% lbgleq cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu (IRD) df btf{ ul/g' cfjZos x'G5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fo d'No clea[l4 s/ -Eof6_ sf] ljifo gePsfn] cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefuaf6 Kofg gDa/ lng'k5{ . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf k|:t't ug'{kg]{ sfuhft k;n÷:6f]/ / pTkfbg sDkgLx¿sf] xsdf km/s km/s /x]sf] 5 .
u/uxgf k;n jf :6f]/ vf]Nbf k|:tfljt wgLn] lgDg lnlvt sfuhft;lxt sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5M
• lgj]bg kmf/fd • kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] @ k|lt• k|:tfljt wgLsf] gful/stf k|df0fkqsf]
k|ltlnlk• Joj;fo btf{sf] k|df0fkq • hUuf3gL;Fu s'g} k|sf/sf] ;Demf}tf ul/Psf]
eP pSt ;Demf}tfsf] k|df0f .
pTkfbg jf Jofkf/ sDkgLsf] xsdf lgDg k|sf/sf cltl/Qm sfuhftx¿ btf{ k|s[ofdf cfjZos kb{5g\M
• k|:tfljt ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu s'g} ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP To:tf] ;Demf}tf
• ;+u7gsf] ;Demf}tfkq (Memorandum of Association) sf] k|ltlnlk
• ;+u7gsf] ;xdltkq (Articles of Association) sf] k|ltlnlk .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu :www.ird.gov.np
%. cGo ;DalGwt lgsfox¿df btf{
cltl/St If]q ePklg rfFbLsf u/uxgf Joj;fo g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3 (FHAN), g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g (NEGOSIDA), g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf ;+3 (NEGOASAA), g]kfn ax'd'No wft' tyf u/uxgf ;+3 (NEGJA), g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3h:tf ljleGg ;DalGwt k|ltlglw ;+:yfx¿df uP/ btf{ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . Joj;fosf] ;~hfn lj:tf/ ug{, gofF tyf ljBdfg ahf/sf] vf]hL ug{ / ltgsf clwsf/x¿sf /Iff ug{sf nflu oL ;+:yfx¿ pko'St ;femf d~r x'g\ -dfly pNn]lvt ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] sfo{sf nflu k]h !* x]g{xf];\_ .
^. g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu (NBSM)
g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu pBf]ux¿df k|of]u x'g] gfktf}nsf pks/0fx¿ cg'udg tyf lgodg ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo xf] . ;DalGwt sDkgLx¿n] g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefun] to u/]sf] bfo/f / oyfy{sf cfwf/;Fu ldNg] dfkb08sf pks/0fx¿ k|of]udf Nofpg'kb{5 . pBf]ux¿df k|of]u x'g] dfkgsf pks/0fx¿df 9st/fh', rfk dfkg oGq -k|];/ u]h_ / t/n dfkg oGq kb{5g\ .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu :www.nbsm.gov.np
ljwf k|wfg, lhcfOh]8
g]kfn Jofkf/
14
rfFbLsf uxgf agfpg] sfo{
!
@
#
$ %
15
!=rfFbLsf ;fgf bfgfx? .
@=sRrf rfFbL .
#=rfFbLnfO{ lglZrt cfsf/df 9fNg'cl3 kuflnFb} .
$=To;kl5 rfFbLnfO{ uxgfcg';f/sf] cfsf/ lbOG5 .
%=rfFbLnfO{ uxgfsf] l8hfOgdf s'FlbG5 .
^=s'Flb;s] kl5 rfFbLnfO{ z'åLs/0f ul/G5 / cfsf/ lbOG5 . ;tx lrNnf] kfl/G5 .
&=To;kl5 t/n k]6«f]lnod UofF;n] ttfOG5 .
*=uxgfnfO{ /;fogdf /fv]/ clS;hg;Fu ldnfpg] sfo{ -clS;8fOlhª\_ ul/G5 .
(=To;kl5 alkmª\ d]lzgdf /fv]/ uxgfnfO{ rDsfOG5 .
!)=ca uxgf laqmLsf nflu tof/ x'G5 .
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n, ?k s'df/ lj=s
^ &
*
(
!)
g]kfn Jofkf/
16
rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] k]zf—sfnLu9x¿sf] b[li6sf]0frfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] l;NknfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Ff:s[lts ;Dkbfsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . of] Ps :yflkt / km:6fpFbf] Joj;fo xf] . o;n] …k/Dk/fut g]kfnL l;NksnfÚ sf] lrq0f ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfnL x:tsnfsf] ;f}Gbof{Tds tyf /rgfTds kIfnfO{ emNsfpF5 .
rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] sfnLu9x¿ o; If]qsf] k/Dk/fut ;Lk / 1fgdf kf]Vt 5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] ;Lk Ps kLF9Laf6 csf]{ kLF9Ldf x:tfGtl/t ePsf] x'G5 . gofF sfnLu9x¿ o; Joj;fodf ;+nUg cu|hx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ub}{ o; If]qsf] ;Lk cfh{g ub{5g\ . o; qmddf gofF sfnLu9x¿ rfFbLsf u/uxgfdf sfd ub}{ cfkm\gf] ;Lk lgvf{5g\, ltgLx¿dWo] s]xLn] eg] kl5;Dd klg rfFbLs} sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbG5g\ . To:t} sltko eg] ahf/ dfucg';f/ ;'g tyf rfFbL b'j}sf u/uxgfx¿ agfpFb5g\ .
lrtjgdf ljut tL; jif{b]lv uxgf k;n vf]n]/ a;]sf Zofd axfb'/ ;'gf/sf cg';f/ pgn] of] ;Lk cfkm\gf afa'af6 l;s]sf x'g\ / pgL ;fg}b]lv g} rfFbL;Fu} v]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . æw]/}h;f] sfnLu9x¿ uxgfk;nx¿df ;xfossf] ¿kdf sfd z'¿ ub{5g\ . t/ rfFbLsf uxgf agfpg] sfnLu9x¿sf nflu s'g} k|fljlws tflnd lbg] ;F:yf g} 5}g,Æ ;'gf/ eGb5g\ . To:t}, rfFbLsf uxgf agfpg] w]/}h;f] k|lqmofdf s'g} :jrflnt tyf cTofw'lgs pks/0fx¿sf] k|of]u ePsf] kfOFb}g . kufNg], lglZrt ¿k / cfsf/ lbg], lk6]/ kftnf] kq kfg]{, s'Fb\g], ttfpg], sf6\g], ;kmf ug]{, /;fog ug]{, z'¢ kfg]{ tyf rDsfpg] h:tf sfdsf nflu sfnLu9x¿n] ;fdfGo pks/0fsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ .
clwsf+z sfnLu9x¿ uxgfk;ndf g} a;]/ sfd ub{5g\ . sltko eg] uxgf sf/vfgf -js{;k_ df klg sfd ub{5g\ . sf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{ sfnLu9x¿nfO{ uxgf k;nx¿af6 c8{/ cfpg] ub{5 . pgLx¿nfO{ pTkflbt u/uxgfsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df Hofnf lbOG5 . u/uxgfsf] nflu cfpg] c8{/ / ux/uxgf cToflws laqmL x'g] ;dosf cfwf/df Ps sfnLu9n] k|ltdlxgf !% b]lv $) xhf/ ?lkofF;Dd sdfpg ;S5 . ljjfx / rf8kj{sf j]nfdf u/uxgfsf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ cl3kl5eGbf w]/} c8{/ cfpg] ub{5 .
rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] If]qn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofsf af/]df csf{ sfnLu9 /fh]Gb| lj=s= eGb5g\, æg]kfndf rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg]
k|z:t} sfnLu9x¿ 5g . t/ ef/t ljz]iful/ klZrdL a+ufnaf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf cfpg] sfnLu9x¿n]]] g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf 5g .Æ ef/taf6 cfoft x'g]pTkfbgx¿ ;:tf / d]lzgn] lkmlgl;ª\ ul/Psf x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;:tf eP klg cfoftstf{n] xftn] s'FlbPsf uxgfx¿ a9L dg k/fpFb5g\ . /fh]Gb|sf cg';f/ xftaf6 ag]sf u/uxgfsf k|To]s cfO6d Ps csf]{b]lv km/s x'g] x'Fbf w]/} ljb]zLn] dg k/fpF5g\ . æg]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfdf ePsf] ljljwtf tyf logLx¿sf] l8hfOg g} oL uxgf laqmLsf] d'n sf/0f xf],Æ pgL eG5g\ . xfn;fn} rfFbLsf] d'Nodf cfPsf] j[lån] :yfgLo ahf/df rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] dfudf klg sdL cfPsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ sfnLu9x¿sf] sfdsf] dfqf klg 36\g k'u]sf] 5 .
rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] dfu ljZjJofkL ¿kdf a9\bf] 5 . o;sf] ljZj ahf/df lgof{t\ ;g\ @))^ / @)!) sf] aLrdf cf};t !# k|ltztn] j[lå ePsf] lyof] . rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] lgof{tdf cfPsf] xfn}sf] lu/fj6sf afah'b klg g]kfnL] rfFbLsf u/uxgfn] o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf /fi6«x¿, ?;, blIf0f sf]l/of, blIf0f clk|msf / hfkfgdf lgof{t ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . To:t} g]kfn ;/sf/n] rfFbLsf u/uxgfnfO{ g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt–@)!) df Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ lgof{t j:t'sf] ¿kdf ;"lrs[t u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/St rfFbLsf u/uxgfnfO{ d'No >[+vnfdWo]sf] Pssf] ¿kdf hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ) cGtu{tsf] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7g÷;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf–;xof]u kl/of]hgf (WTO/EIF-SP) n] klg o; If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul//x]sf] 5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] sfnLu9x¿nfO{ plrt tflnd lbg ;s]sf] v08df o; If]qn] g]kfnL o'jfx¿sf] nflu /f]huf/L ;[hgfsf] If]qdf Ps v'8\lsnf] yKg ;S5 .
?k s'df/ lj=s=, lhcfOh]8
“g]kfndf rfFbLsf u/uxgf agfpg] k|z:t} sfnLu9x¿ 5g . t/ ef/t, ljz]iful/ klZrdL a+ufnaf6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf cfpg] sfnLu9x¿n]]] g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿sf] /f]huf/Lsf] 7"nf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf 5g .”
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n
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kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x (PAG)rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] If]q k|jw{gdf ;+nUg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] sfdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L .
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"tL{ dGqfno / hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ) n] g]kfnsf] ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gk|ltsf k|lta¢tf tyf ;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgfnfO{ ;xof]u (WTO/EIF-SP) sf] sfof{Gjog ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ul//x]sf 5g\ . o; kl/of]hgfsf] glthfsf ¿kdf g]kfnsf b'O{j6f k|fyldstfsf If]qx¿sf] sfo{of]hgf ljsf; u/L ltgsf] cf+lzs sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ pNn]v 5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgfnfO{ tL dWo]sf Ps If]qsf ¿kdf 5gf}6 ul/Psf] 5 .
sfo{of]hgf ljsf; ug{ / ;f]cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;~rfng k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh kfg{ kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x (PAG) sf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xdf ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qsf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf ;b:ox¿df g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3 (FHAN), nlntk'/ x:tsnf ;+3 (LHA), jfl0fHo tyf cfk"tL{ dGqfno, pBf]u dGqfno, g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu (NBSM), g]kfn ax'd'No wft' tyf u/uxgf ;+3, g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf ;+3, g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g, ;fjtL (SAWTEE), Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|jw{g s]Gb| (TEPC) / hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u /x]sf 5g\ . rfFbLsf u/uxgf;Fu ;DalGwt j[xt sfo{of]hgfsf If]qsf] tof/L ;'lgZrt ug{ kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xsf] u7g ul/Psf] xf] .
o; ;d"xn] ;g\ @)!! df tLgj6f a}7s ;DkGg u¥of] . clk|n @* df ;DkGg klxnf] a}7sn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ klxrfg, ltgLx¿n] ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] lgSof}{n / rfFbLsf uxgfsf] d'No z[ª\vnf (value chain) sf k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofof]]] . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] lgDg tLg r'gf}tLx¿ klxrfg u/]sf lyPM
s_ rfFbLsf uxgfsf] d'No z[ª\vnfsf] k|To]s lqmofsnfkdf k|df0fLs/0f n]vfhf]vfsf] cefj v_ rfFbLsf] z'4tfsf] ;'lglZrttfdf cefj u_ ;Lk x:tfGt/0fsf nflu e/kbf]{ / Jojl:yt ;+oGqsf] cefj .
h'nfO{ @! df ;DkGg bf];|f] kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x a}7sdf ;fjtL (SAWTEE) n] …g]kfnaf6 rfFbLsf uxgf lgof{t–cj:yf / cufl8sf] af6f]Ú ljifos la:t[t If]qsf] cWoog k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (NTIS)–@)!) df cfwfl/t eP/ kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xn] If]q cWoog k|ltj]bg, 5nkmn / sfo{of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf nflu ;d"xnfO{ ljifout pk;d"xx¿df afF8L k|To]s pk;d"xn] lgDg b'O{ a[xt zLif{sdf laleGg lqmofsnfkx¿sf] klxrfg u/]sf lyPM s_ k|zf]wg÷pTkfbg ug]{ v_ lgof{t ug]{ . klxrfg ul/Psf r'gf}tL / ;d:ofx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M
s_ k|zf]wg÷pTkfbgM o; cGtu{t sRrf kbfy{sf] cfk"lt{ / nfut, bIf hgzlQm, pTkfbsnfO{ clek|]/0ff, 7"nf] dfqfdf pTkfbg, cf}hf/ / ;fwgsf] cefj / pTkflbt uxgfsf] u'0f:t/ ;d]l6Psf lyP .
v_ lgof{tM o;cGtu{t cGt/f{li6«o ahf/sf] dfucg';f/ rNg', ljz]ifu/L 8]gdfs{ / ci6«]lnof h:tf gofF ahf/x¿df lgof{t ;+efjgfsf] vf]hL ug{‘, lgof{tstf{x¿sf] nflu ;'ljwf, lgof{tof]Uo pTkfbgsf] nflu Psåf/ k|bz{gL sIf, ax'd'No wft' / uxgfx¿sf] hfFr ug]{ ;'ljwfsf] cefj ;d]l6Psf lyP .
;]K6]Da/ ^ df ;DkGg t]];|f] kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/
;d"x a}7s sfo{of]hgfsf] clGtd tyf sfo{ut ljj/0f tof/ ug{df s]lGb|t eof] . sfo{of]hgf cGtu{t k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ laleGg pk–sfo{qmdx¿df ljefhg u/L ;dotflnsf, sfof{Gjog lgsfo, ah]6 / ljQLo lgsfo;DjGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|:t't ul/of] . ljZj Jofkf/÷;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf – ;xof]u kl/of]hgf (WTO/EIF-SP) n] klg kl/of]hgfn] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] s]xL lqmofsnfkx¿ k|:t't u/]sf] lyof] .
kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x / ljZj Jofkf/÷;'b[9 PsLs[t ;+/rgf–;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf lglDt ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L (PPP) df]8]nsf] 5gf}6 u/] . o; df]8]ncGtu{t bzhgf of]Uo ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ^ dlxgfsf nflu OlG8og OlGi6Ro'6 ckm h]D;\ P08 Hj]n/L, lbNnLdf tflnd lng k7fOg]5 . g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3, g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g / hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u o; df]8]ndf ;+nUg 5g\ . tflnd ;g\ @)!@ sf] km]a|'c/L dlxgfb]lv ;~rfng x'g]5 .
ljwf k|wfg, lhcfOh]8
g]kfn Jofkf/
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kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x (PAG) sf ;b:ox¿:
g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3 (FHAN)lghL Joj;fo / sfnLu9 ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿sf] ;]jfd"ns, u}/ gfkmfd'vL ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+3n] cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ltgsf pTkfbgx¿df ;'wf/ ug{ cg';Gwfg u/L /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o b'j} If]qdf kx'Fr :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . ;+3n] cfkm\gf ;b:o / ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿aLr ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug]{ dfWodsf ¿kdf klg sfo{ ub{5 .lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu : www.nepalhandicraft.org.np
nlntk'/ x:tsnf ;+3 (LHA)nlntk'/l:yt x:tsnf Jofkf/ tyf snf / sfnLu9x¿sf] ;]jfd"ns, u}/ gfkmfd'vL tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf xf] . sfnLu9, pTkfbs, yf]sljqm]tf tyf lgof{tstf{ u/L o;sf nlntk'/df @)) eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o; ;+:yfn] nlntk'/sf] x:tsnf Joj;fosf] k|jw{g /
;+/If0f ug{ cfkm\gf ;b:ox¿ / ;/sf/L tyf u}/- ;/sf/L ;+:yfjLr ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug]{ dfWodsf ¿kdf sfo{ ub{5 . nlntk'/sf pBdL tyf sfnLu9x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ o;n] ljleGg x:tsnf tflnd, ;]dLgf/, uf]i7L, ;Dd]ng tyf k|b{z{gLx¿sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy}, o; ;+:yfn] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ klg sfo{ ub{5 .
jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno (MoCS)g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Ps cË xf] . of] Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu lgofds tyf d'Vo lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/L lgsfo xf] . o; dGqfnon] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ gLlt / cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ ;~rfng;Fu ;DalGwt lg0f{ox¿ ub{5 . o;n] /fli6«o, If]qLo, cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ / kf/jfxg;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfox¿;Fu ;xof]u lng] / ltgLx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ ub{5 . ;fy}, o;n] Jofkf/ / kf/jfxg;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/;/sf/L Jofkf/, jftf{–;Demf}tf tyf d"NofÍg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u5{ . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nfluM www.mocs.gov.np
g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefu (NBSM)g]kfnsf] /fli6«o dfkb08 lgodg ug]{ cË xf] . o; ljefun] g]kfn dfkb08 kl/ifb\ (NCS) sf] ;lrjfnosf ¿kdf sfo{ ub{5 . o;n] cf}Bf]-lus pTkfbg / k|zf]wg;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lg/LIf0f / ko{j]If0f ub{5 . To:t}, g]kfn dfkb08 kl/ifb\n] cg'df]bg u/]sf] g]kfn u'0f:t/;Fu ldNg] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf g]kfn u'0f:t/ lrGx k|of]u ug{ kfpg] cg'dltkq hf/L ub{5 . ;fy}, o;n] hfFr ug]{ ;'ljwf, gfktf}n lgoGq0f tyf k|of]uzfnf hfFrkf; ;]jf pknAw u/fpF5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluMwww.nbsm.gov.np
g]kfn ax'd'No wft' tyf u/uxgf ;+3 (NEGJA) ax'd'No wft' tyf u/uxgf Joj;foLx¿sf] /fli6«o:t/sf] cflwsf/Ls ;Ë7g xf] . o; ;+:yfn] ax'd'No wft'tyf u/uxgf;DaGwL lqmofsnfk ;~rfng tyf o; If]qdf b]vfkg]{ ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfgdf ;xhstf{sf] ¿kdf sfo{ ub{5 . o;n] ahf/sf] lgodg, pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ ljsf; tyf
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cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . To:t}, u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f o;sf] k|fylds sfo{ xf] . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM www.negja.org.np
g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf ;+3 (NEGOSAA);'grfFbL Joj;foLx¿sf] xslxt ;+/If0f ug{] p2]Zon] @)%^ ;fndf btf{ ePsf] xf] . o;n] g]kfnL ;'grfFbL Joj;fonfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf k|ltikwL{ agfpg k|jw{g / cfw'lgssLs/0f ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . xfn o;sf #)) ;b:o / !! lhNnfdf sfof{nox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g (NEGOSIDA)u}/;/sf/L, u}//fhgLlts, u}/gfkmfd"vL, :jfoQ / ;]jfd"vL ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf ;b:o tyf uxgf Joj;foL ;d'bfosf] lxt, clwsf/ tyf ;'ljwfsf] k|jw{g / ;'/Iff u5{ . o;n] u/uxgf pBf]usf nflu bIf hgzlQm pTkfbg ug{ / :yfgLo /f]huf/sf] k|jw{g ug{df klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM www.negosida.com.np
;fjtL (SAWTEE) ;fjtL n] If]qLo tj/df u}/gfkmfd"vL / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ub{5 . o;nfO{ :yfgLo, /fli6«o, If]qLo, cGt/f{li6«o txdf af}l4s ;+:yfsf ¿kdf klg lrlgG5 . h;n] blIf0f Pl;ofdf lgikIf, ;dtfk"0f{, ;dfj]zL, lbuf] j[l4 tyf ljsf;nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] 5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM www.sawtee.org
Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|jw{g s]Gb (TEPC) Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|jw{g s]Gb sf] d'n'ssf] j}b]lzs Jofkf/ / vf; u/L lgof{t Jofkf/ k|jw{g ug]{ nIo /x]sf] 5 . o; ;+:yfn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ gLlt th'{dfsf lglDt ;Nnfx ;'emfj k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt pkof]uL ;"rgf ;ª\sng, k|rf/k|;f/, qm]tf / laqm]tfaLr a}7s cfof]hgf, tflnd, uf]i7L ;]ldgf/x¿ ;~rfng /
lgof{t;Fu ;DalGwt k|lqmofx¿sf] ;/nLs/0fsf nflu ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf sfd ub{5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM www.tepc.gov.np
hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ) GmbHhd{g ;+3Lo dGqfnosf] cfly{s ;dGjo / ljsf;sf nflu sfd ul//x]sf] ;+3Lo lgsfo xf] . o; ;+:yfn] hd{g ;/sf/nfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]usf] If]qdf cfkm\gf] nIo k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . o;n] cfkm\gf :yfgLo, /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o txsf ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ /0fgLlt to ug{ / gLltcg';f/ to ul/Psf nIo k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf] nfluM www.giz.de
ljwf k|wfg, lhcfOh]8
kmf]6f] M lxdfb|L kflnv]
g]kfn Jofkf/
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rfFbL ;DaGwL bz tYo
• ;+o'St /fHo cd]l/sf, d]lS;sf], Sofgf8f, k]?, ?; / ci6«]lnof rfFbL pTkfbg ug]{ s]xL k|d'v /fi6«x¿ x'g\ .
• rfFbLsf] k|of]u ;a}eGbf a9L kmf]6f]u|flkms pBf]udf ul/GYof] .
• ch]{lG6gf dfq o:tf] b]z xf] h'g rfFbLsf] /f;folgs gfd …ch]{G6dÚ af6 gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
• k|foh;f] ;fdfg agfpg k|of]udf cfpg] :6ln{ª\ rfFbL xf], h;df (@=% k|ltzt rfFbL / &=% k|ltzt cGo rLh -d'Votof tfdf_ sf] ld>0f x'G5 . t/ clxn] cfP/ k|foh;f] tfdfsf] 7fpFdf hd]{lgod (Germanium) tTjsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
• rfFbLsf] ld>0f (Silver Compounds) PlG6afof]l6s cfljisf/ x'g'k"j{ klxnf] ljZjo'¢df ;kmntfk'j{s k|of]u ul/GYof] . clxn] klg rfFbLsf] ld>0f hn]sf 3fOt]x¿sf] z/L/sf] aflx/L efusf] pkrf/df k|of]u ul/G5 .
• ;a} tTjx¿dWo] rfFbL pTs[i6 tfksf] ;+jfxs xf] . rfFbLsf] tfk ;+jfxs u'0fsf sf/0f ;f]nf/ Kofg]n / df]6/sf/sf] l/o/ ljG8f] l8kmf]u/ (rear window defogger) df rfFbLsf] pkof]u ul/G5 .
• ljZjdf pTkfbg x'g] s'n rfFbLdWo] ^^ k|ltzt rfFbL lzzf, tfdf / h:tfsf vfgLaf6 x'g] pk–pTkfbg x'g\ .
• ;g\ !$&& df rfFbLsf] k|of]u cfhsf] eGbf em08} Ps ;o u'gf Hofbf lyof] .
• ;'gafx]s rfFbLdfq ;a}eGbf g/d tTj xf] h;nfO{ ;lhn};Fu kftnf] kfg{ of k6\ofpg ;lsG5 . s/La ^% ldnLu|fd rfFbLnfO{ sfuhsf] Pp6f kfgf]eGbf ! ;o %) u'gf kftnf] kfg{ ;lsG5 .
• rfFbL vfg klg ;lsG5 . oBlk of] wft' vfgsf nflu eg] l;kmfl/; ul/Fb}g .
21
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n
g]kfn Jofkf/
22
rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfug]kfnL lgof{tstf{n] rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] o'/f]k]nL ahf/sf] dfunfO{ /fd|/L a'‰g' h?/L 5 .
g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (NTIS)–@)!) sf cg';f/ g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf bz pTs[i6 ahf/x¿df xª\sª, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, hd{gL, a]nfot, k|mfG;, 8]gdfs{, ci6«]lnof, :k]g, g]b/Nof08 / Sofgf8f kb{5g\ . oL dWo] 5 j6f d'n's o'/f]k]nL ;+3 (EU) df kb{5g\ . ;fy} ljZj cfoft tYofÍn] rfFbLsf u/uxgf cfoft ug]{ o'/f]k]nL ;+3 ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfkl5sf bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . o; n]vdf o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] ahf/sf] Dffu kIfdf k|sfz kfb}{ rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf ahf/ / pkef]Qmf k|j[lQ, cj;/ / r'gf}tLx¿ k|:t't ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .
Jofkf/ tYofÍ– dfu / cfk"lt{
u/uxgfsf] ;du| ahf/ o'/f]k]nL ;+3el/ km}ln/x]sf] 5 . rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] ljZj cfoftsf] k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ ;g\ @))& b]lv @)!) ;Dddf d'Nosf] !@ k|ltzt cf};t jflif{s j[l4b/ /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfkl5 hd{gL, a]nfot, xª\sª, rLg, 8]gdfs{, k|mfG; / cGo d'n'sx¿ k|d'v cfoftstf{ x'g\ . ;g\ @)!) df o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf @& j6f b]zsf]]] !=( ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] cfofteGbf a9L ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf PSn}n] @ ca{ cd]l/sL 8n/ a/fa/sf] cfoft u/]sf] lyof] ->f]tM ITC, ahf/ ljZn]if0f cf}hf/, Jofkf/ dfglrq, @)!)_
tflnsf !M rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] ljZj cfoft -cd]l/sL 8n/df_
cfoftstf{ ljZj
@))^ #,$@^,*$!,)))
@))& #,(^@,*&!,)))
@))* $,$^^+,(%#,)))
@))( $,$**,%@&,)))
@)!) %,%!!,@(%,)))
->f]tM jfl0fHo tYofÍdf cfwfl/t ITC u0fgf, pTkfbgM or= o;= sf]8M &!!#!!– Articles of jewellery & pts thereof of silver w/platd/clad w/o prec met.
;g\ @))( df o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] rfFbLsf] ahf/ #=! ca{ o'/f] a/fa/sf lyof] h'g s"n u/uxgf ahf/sf] !# k|ltzt xf] . o'/f]k]nL d'n'sx¿sf] dfudf lgs} ljljwtf b]lvG5 . h:t}M k|mfG; -^) s/f]8 *) nfv o'/f]_ / ;+o'Qm clw/fHo -#( s/f]8 ^) nfv o'/f]_ kl5 hd{gL, O6fnL / :k]gdf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] dfu pRr /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @))( df oL % d'n'sx¿sf] s"n dfu o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] uxgf ahf/sf] ^^ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . dWodju{sf dflg;x¿sf] j[l4n] ubf{ k"jL{ o'/f]kdf klg rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] Jofkf/sf] /fd|f] ;+efjgf b]lvPsf] 5 .
o'/f]k]nL ;+3df clwsf+z rfFbLsf uxgfx¿ yfONof08af6 cfoft x'g] ub{5 . ljZj tYofÍnfO{
lgofNbf yfONof08 rfFbLsf u/uxgfx¿sf] ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lgof{tstf{ xf] ->f]tM ITC, ahf/ ljZn]if0f cf}hf/, Jofkf/ dfglrq, @)!)_ . ;g\ @))( df yfONof08n] o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] s"n cfoftsf] #) k|ltzt -#@ s/f]8 &) nfv o'/f]_ lx:;f cf]u6]sf] lyof] . yfONof08 afx]s rLg, ef/t / 6sL{ h:tf d'n'sx¿ o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf nflu k|d'v cfoftstf{ x'g\ .
dfu k|j[lQ ;s/fTds b]lvPsf] ePtfklg xfnsf jif{x¿df rfFbLsf] u/uxgf ahf/nfO{ ljZj cfly{s dGbL / ax'd'No wft'sf] pRr k|zf]wg d'Non] c;/ kf/]sf] 5 .
ljZj ahf/df g]kfnL rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] lx:;f
rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] lgof{tdf g]kfn ljZjsf] %) cfF} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!) df g]kfnsf] lgof{t c+z )=! k|ltzt eGbf sd /x]sf] lyof] ->f]tM ITC, ahf/ ljZn]if0f cf}hf/, Jofkf/ dfglrq, @)!)_ . ;g\ @)!)÷!! df g]kfnaf6 lgof{t ePsf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] d'No kl5Nnf] jif{sf] !& nfv o'/f]af6 a9]/ #* nfv o'/f] k'u]sf] lyof] ->f]tM TEPC, g]kfn j}b]lzs Jofkf/ tYofÍ, @)!)÷)!!_ . lgof{t d'Nosf cfwf/df g]kfnL rfFbLsf uxgfsf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf -@$ nfv o'/f]_ ;a}eGbf k|d'v ahf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!)÷)!! df g]kfnaf6 o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] lgof{t d'No % nfv o'/f] k'u]sf] lyof] h;df hd{gL -;a}eGbf pRr ! nfv #) xhf/ o'/f]_, g]b/Nof08, O6fnL, k|mfG;, a]nfot, a]]lNhod, :k]g / 8]gdfs{ k|d'v 5g\ .
pTkfbg / pkef]u÷vkt
o'/f]k]nL ;+3leqsf] pTkfbg ahf/ 3l6/x]sf]n] aflx/sf lgof{tstf{nfO{ ToxfF cfkm\gf pTkfbg lgof{t ug{sf nflu /fd|f] cj;/ ldn]sf] 5 . o'/f]k]nL ;+3 rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf nflu d'Votof yfONof08 / rLgh:tf d'n'sx¿df Hofbf lge{/ /x]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿sf ;fgf cfk"lt{stf{nfO{ o'/f]k]nL ;+3df cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfpg s7Lg ePsf] 5 .
uxgf pBf]usf] ljZjJofkL k|j[lQnfO{ x]bf{ pkef]Qmfx¿ ;'g / Knfl6gdaf6 rfFbLsf u/uxgflt/ cfslif{t ePsf 5g\ . …j}olQms/0f / cWoflTds uxgfÚ, …cleJolQm uxgfÚ / …g}lts uxgfÚ h:tf ljz]if0fn] rfFbLsf uxgfnfO{ lrgfpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . a[xt pTkfbgdf k|ltikwf{ ug{ g;Sg] ljsf;zLn /fi6«x¿n]] cfkm\gf pTkfbgx¿sf] u'g:t/ / l8hfOgdf ljljwLs/0f ug{ / rngrNtLsf k|j[lQdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{‘ cfjZos 5 . o;sf ;fy} sRrf kbfy{sf] u'0f:t/sf] j[lå h:t} :6/ln{Ë rfFbLeGbf z'4 rfFbLsf] k|of]u / ljleGg kTy/ jf u'0f:t/Lo l:6nsf] ld>0faf6 tof/ kfl/Psf nf]enfUbf pTkfbgx¿sf] :t/Ls/0f ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . uxgfx¿ emf]nf, nQfsk8f, h'Qf, rKkn cflbdf klg hf]8]/ pTkfbg ug]{ k|rng al9/x]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ u/uxgfsf] ahf/ cem} km/flsnf] x'g k'u]sf] 5 .
“rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] lgof{tdf g]kfn ljZjsf] %) cfF} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!) df g]kfnsf] lgof{t c+z )=! k|ltzt eGbf sd /x]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!)÷!! df g]kfnaf6 lgof{t ePsf rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf] d'No kl5Nnf] jif{sf] !& nfv o'/f]af6 a9]/ #* nfv o'/f] k'u]sf] lyof] .”
kmf]6f] M ;'dg wfSjf
23
o;sf cnfjf u/uxgfsf nflu ahf/ kfpg / kfPsf] ahf/nfO{ hf]ufpgsf nflu k|jw{g, ljt/0f / d"No lgwf{/0f dxTjk"0f{ tTjx¿ dflgG5g\ . To:t}, ;dodf cfk"lt{ / u|fxs;]jfh:tf dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿nfO{ klg j]jf:tf ug{ ldNb}g . JolQmut tj/n] ul/g] k|jw{geGbf cGo lgof{tstf{;Fu ldnL u/]sf] ;+o'Qm k|jw{g cleofg g} a9L ;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ . O6fnLsf uxgf pBf]un] Jofkf/ d]nfdf cfkm\gf] k|jw{g ug{ …O6fnLdf ag]sf]Ú (made in Italy) cjwf/0ff Nofpg' o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . o;k|sf/sf k|jw{g rfFbLsf u/uxgfdf dfq l;ldt geO{ cGo pTkfbgx¿sf] k|jw{gdf klg ;kmn /0fgLltsf ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ .
o'/f]k]nL qm]tfsf nflu k|fjwfg
o'/f]k]nL ;+3df rfFbLsf u/uxgf cfoft ug{sf lglDt ltgLx¿sf l8hfOg / ;f}Gbo{ afx]s cGo b'O{ dxTjk"0f{
k|fjwfgx¿ 5g\M j}wflgs jf sfg'gL k|fjwfg / u}/j}wflgs k|fjwfg . Sof8ldodsf] k|of]u gug]{ / 5fnfsf] ;Dks{df cfpg] pTkfbgdf lgs]nsf] tf]lsPsf] dfqfsf] k|of]u lgof{tstf{n] kfng ug'{kg]{ b'O{ d'Vo sfg'gL k|fjwfg x'g\ .
k|fljlws, jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs dfkb08h:tf u}/ljwflosL k|fjwfgx¿ klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o u'0f:t/ dfkb08 ;+:yf (ISO) n] sfd ug]{ cj:yf, u'0f:t/Lotfsf] dfkb08, :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf h:tf ljleGg k|fjwfgsf af/]df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . Jofkf/d]nf dfkb08 nufotsf ;fdflhs txsf bfo/f o;df klg nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} d'n'sx¿df ;a} txx¿n] dfGotf kfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] lgof{tstf{x¿n] cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0f / lgof{t /0fgLlt th'{df ubf{ oL k|fjwfgdf Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .
>f]tM • ljsf;zLn d'n'sx¿sf] lgof{t k|jw{g
s]Gb| (CBI) (www.cbi.eu)M rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf nflu k|lta4 o'/f]k]nL ;+3 lgof{t ahf/, @)!)Ù rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf k|j[lQ / v08x¿, @)!)Ù rfFbLsf u/uxgfsf o'/f]k]nL qm]tfsf] cfjZostf;Fu ;fd~h:otf, @)!)
• cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ s]Gb| (ITC), ahf/ ljZn]if0f ljlw, Jofkf/ dfglrq, (www.trademap.org)
• Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|jw{g s]Gb| (TEPC)M g]kfn j}b]lzs Jofkf/ tYofÍ @))(÷@)!) / @)!)÷@)!!
Uofla|on l;n]u/, TEPC
kmf]6f] M lkmlnk s|'z]n
g]kfn Jofkf/
24
;dfrf/ v08;dfrf/ / sfo{s|dx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L .
g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ d]nf (NTIF), @)!@ldltM %–( clk|n, @)!@:yfgM e[s'6Ld08k, k|bz{gLdfu{, sf7df8f}+
g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3 (FNCCI) n] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf % lbg] g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ d]nf, @)!@ sf] cfof]hgf ug{ uO/x]sf] 5 . vf;u/L g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs/0f /0fgLlt (NTIS-@)!)) df klxrfg ePsf g]kfnL lgof{tof]Uo pTkfbgsf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ u/L g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/nfO{ k|jw{g ug]{ nIo lnO{ ul/Psf] o:tf] vfnsf] k|bz{gL g]kfndf klxnf] xf] . of] d]nfn] g]kfnL ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdLx¿ (SMEs) nfO{ cGt/f{li6«os/0f ug{ / ltgLx¿nfO{ cj;/ k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ d]nfn] k|bfg ug]{M• @ s/f]8 ^) nfveGbf a9L hgtf ;fd' ahf/ kxF'rsf] cj;/ .• sd vr{df gofF cjwf/0ff, ;f]r, pTkfbg, ;]jf tyf k|ljlw k|jw{gsf]
;femf d~r .• ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdLsf nflu pkef]Uo j:t' tyf ;]jf nufot lj[xt
If]qsf pTkfbgsf nflu Pp6} ynf]df ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ d~r .• gofF pTkfbg, cjwf/0ff / k|ljlwsf] k/LIf0f ahf/Ls/0fsf] d~r .• k|ljlw x:tfGt/0faf6 pBdLx¿n] l;Sg] / kmfObf lng] cj;/ .• nufgL tyf ;+o'Qm nfufgLsf] ;+efjgfsf] vf]hL ug]{ cj;/ .• Joj;fo b]lv Joj;fo -la 6' aL_ / Joj;fo b]lv pkef]Qmf -la 6 ;L_
hf]8\g] d~r .
lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu: www.fncci.org / www.fncci.org/events/nitf2012/tf_brochure.pdf
rfFbLsf u/uxgf tflnd sfo{qmdldltM km]a|'c/L– h'nfO{, @)!@:yfgM Ol08og OlGi6Ro"6 ckm h]D; P08 Hj]n/L (IIGJ), lbNnL, ef/t
rfFbLsf u/uxgfdf tflnd sfo{qmd kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d'x (PAG) åf/f tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{of]hgf (Action Plan) df klxrfg ePsf] ls|ofsnfk dWo] Ps xf] . sfo{of]hgf;Fu d]n vfg] / ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L (PPP) cGt{ut bzhgf of]Uo pDd]b\jf/x¿ nfO{ u/uxgf k|ljlwdf tflnd lngsf nflu ef/tsf] lbNnLdf cjl:yt Ol08og OlGi6Ro"6 ckm h]D; P08 Hj]n/Ldf k7fOg]5g\ . tflndsf] ljifoj:t' eg] lghL ;fem]bf/x¿åf/f 5gf}6 ul/Psf] xf] .
cfjf;Lo ;'ljwf ;d]t pknAw u/fOg] pQm tflnddf ljB'tLo n]kg, ljB'tLo 9fFrf lgdf{0f, 9nfg / d]lzg ;+rfng, kTy/ nufpg] / k/Dk/fut uxgf agfpg] h:tf k|ljlw ;dflxt 5g\ . of] k]ma|'c/Laf6 ;+rfng ul/g] ^ dlxg] tflnd sfo{qmd xf] . pDd]b\jf/x¿ kl/of]hgf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d'x / ;DalGwt lghL ;fem]bfx¿n] agfPsf] dfkb08sf cfwf/df 5gf}6 ul/g]5g\ .
;+nUg /x]sf lghL ;fem]bf/x¿df g]kfn ;'grfFbL l8n;{ P;f]l;P;g (NEGOSIDA), g]kfn ;'grfFbL snf ;+3 (NEGOSAA) / g]kfn x:tsnf dxf;+3 (FHAN) /x]sf 5g\ . hd{g cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (GIZ) nufot lghL ;fem]bf/x¿ / Jofkf/ tyf lgof{t k|jw{g s]Gb| (TEPC) n] tflnd sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . tflnd ;lsPkZrft pDd]bjf/x¿ g]kfn kmsL{ cfkm"n] tflnd cjlwdf l;s]sf] l;k / 1fg cGo sfnLu9x¿nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{5g\ . o:tf vfn] tflndx¿n] d'n'sdf rfFbLsf u'0f:t/Lo u/uxgfsf] pTkfbgsf nflu bIf dfgj >f]t;fwg ljsf; ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
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xª\sË cGt/f{li6«o u/uxgf k|bz{gL,km]a'|c/L !^ b]lv @) ;Dd, @)[email protected]
sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;"lrolb tkfO{F oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf ljifodf ¿lr /fVg'x'G5 eg] o; ljifodf yk hfgsf/L lng tyf lgDg sfo{qmx¿df efu lng ;Sg'x'G5 .
ax'd'No wft' tyf u/uxgf OlG8of k|bz{gL @)!@, (GJIIE)km]a'|c/L @# b]lv @^ ;Dd . www.jewelleryfair.in
OnfO6PS;kf]Dffr{ ! b]lv $ ;Dd .www.galexpo.lviv.ua
km];g tyf Hj]n/L u|f08 ;]n @)!@,dfr{ @$ b]lv clk|n ! ;Dd .www.unionpan.com/event-calendar
pkxf/ k|bz{gL s'j]t @)!@,dfr{ @( b]lv clk|n & ;Dd .www.kif.net
kmf]6f] M ;'dg wfSjf
O:tfga'n u/uxgf k|bz{gL, Dffr{ @@ b]lv @% ;Dd . www.istanbuljewelryshow.com
dn]l;of u/uxgf cGt/f{li6«o d]nf @)!@,h'nfO{ . www.elite.com.my
x}b/fjfb u/uxgf, df]tL tyf ax'd'No wft' d]nf,h'g @@ b]lv @$ ;Dd . www.jewelleryfair.in
b lukm\6Lg]/L, tfOk]O @)!@clk|n !( b]lv @@ ;Dd . www.giftionery.net
t]x|f}F a]Olhª\ cGt/f{li6«o u/uxgf d]nf,h'nfO{ !# b]lv !^ ;Dd . www.newayfairs.com/EN/EventCalender.asp
OlG8of cGt/f{li6«o u/uxgf k|bz{gL, cui6 . www.iijs.org
hfkfg u/uxgf k|bz{gL, cu:6 @* b]lv #) ;Dd .www.jewellerynetasia.com
;]K6]Da/ xª\sË u/uxgf tyf ax'd'No wft' d]nf @)!@,;]K6]Da/ !( b]lv @# ;Dd . www.exhibitions.jewellerynetasia.com