network planning principle part 1

7/25/2019 Network Planning Principle Part 1

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OMF000502 Network Planning

Principle ISSUE1.3

OMF000502 Network Planning

Principle ISSUE1.3

Wireless Training Department


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Introduction to GSM NetworkIntroduction to GSM Network

1. GSM system architecture

2. GSM bandwidth

3. Difference between GSM900 and GSM1800

4. GSM Loica! channe!s


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GSM BandwidthGSM Bandwidth

GSM 900 "

#hanne! s$acin 200%&'

GSM 1800 "

#hanne! s$acin 200%&'

1(10 1(8) 180) 1880

Du$!e* S$acin " 9) M&'

890 91) 93) 9+0

Du$!e* S$acin " 4) M&'


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Dierence Between GSM!"" and GSM#$""Dierence Between GSM!"" and GSM#$""

GSM900 and GSM1800 are simi!ar

GSM 900 GSM 1800

,re-uency band 890...9+0 M&' 1(10...1880 M&'

umber of channe!s 124 3(4

#hanne! s$acin 200 %&' 200 %&'

/ccess techni-ue DM/ DM/

Mobi!e $ower 0.8 2 ) 0.2) 1

There are no major differences between GSM 900

and GSM 1800

There are no major differences between GSM 900

and GSM 1800


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%ogical Channels%ogical Channels

GSM900GSM1800 !oic channe! architecture

roadcast #ontro!

#hanne! ##&5#ontro! #hanne!s#ommon #ontro!

#hanne! ###&5

raffic #hanne!s

#&5

,#& S#& ##&

Sys 6nfo5

#&,/G#& 7/#& SD##& ,/##&

S/##&

#&&

#&9.+,

#& 4.8, &

#& 2.4, &

#&

#ommon #hanne!s

##&5

Dedicated #hanne!s

D#&5

Logical hannels


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Downlink ChannelsDownlink Channels

,##&

S#&

##&

#&

/G#&

##&

###&

#ommon

#hanne!s

SD##&

S/##&

,/##&

#&,#&&

D##&

#&

Dedicated

#hanne!s


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&plink Channels&plink Channels

7/#& ###ommon

#hanne!s

SD##&

S/##&

,/##&

#&,

#&&

D##&

#&

Dedicated

#hanne!s


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&se o %ogical Channels&se o %ogical Channels

Search for fre-uency correction burst

Search for synchroni'ation se-uence

7ead system information

Listen $ain messae

Send access burst

ait for sina!in channe! a!!ocation

#a!! setu$

/ssin traffic channe!

#on:ersation

#a!! re!ease

,##&

S#&

##&

#&

7/#&/G#&

SD##&

SD##&

#&,/##&

id!e mode

;off< state

dedicated

mode

id!e mode


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@*ercises 1. rite down the fre-uency used for u$!in% and down!in%.

/nswer" GSM system uses different fre-uency for u$!in% and down!

in%.

GSM900"

A$!in%" 93)===9+0 Down!in%" 890===91)

GSM1800"

A$!in%" 180)==1880 Down!in%" 1(10==1(8)


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@*ercises 2. rite down the ty$es of !oica! channe!s and the hierarchy

/nswer"

roadcast #ontro!

#hanne! ##&5 #ontro! #hanne!s#ommon #ontro!#hanne! ###&5

raffic #hanne!s

#&5

,#& S#& ##&

Sys 6nfo5

#&,/G#& 7/#& SD##& ,/##&

S/##&

#&&

#&9.+,

#& 4.8, &

#& 2.4, &

#&

#ommon #hanne!s

##&5

Dedicated #hanne!s

D#&5

Logical hannels


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Course ContentsCourse Contents

Introduction to GSM network

Mobile radio link

Network planning procedure

Advanced network planning


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Mobile 'adio %inkMobile 'adio %ink

1. 7adio wa:e $ro$aation

2. ro$aation mode!s

3. /ntenna systems

4. Di:ersity techni-ue

). 6nterference and interference reduction+. Lin% budet


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'adio %ink (ropagation'adio %ink (ropagation

Mu!ti=$ath $ro$aation 7adio $ath is a com$!icated $ro$aation medium

Limited transmittin enery he ser:ice rane is determined by the transmission $ower of m

obi!es

attery !ife=timeLimited s$ectrum

Set u$$er !imitation for data rate ShannonBs theorem5

/dditiona! effort needed for channe! codin

,re-uency reused resu!t in se!f= interference


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'elections'elections

Stron echoes can cause e*cessi:e transmission de!ay o im$act 6f the de!ay fa!!s in the e-ua!i'er window

#ause se!f=interference if the de!ay fa!!s out of the e-ua!i'er wind

ow

direct sina!

stron ref!ected sina!

e-ua!i'er window 1+ s

am$!itude

de!ay time

!on echoes out of e-ua!i'er window"se!f=interference


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*ading+#,*ading+#,

S!ow fadin Lonorma! ,adin5 Shadowin due to !are obstac!es o

n $ro$aation direction

,ast fadin 7ay!eih fadin5 Serious interference from mu!ti=$ath

sina!s?10

0

=10

=20

=300 1 2 3 4 ) m

Le:e! d5

920 M&'

: C 20 %mh


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*ading+-,*ading+-,

time

$ower

2 sec 4 sec + sec

?20 d

mean

:a!ue

= 20 d

!onorma!

fadin

7ay!eih

fadin


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Signal .ariationsSignal .ariations


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(ropagation(ropagation

,ree= s$ace $ro$aation

Sina! strenth decreases with distance increases

7ef!ection S$ecu!a 7.

/m$!itude " / ==EF/ E 15

hase " == =H

o!ari'ation " materia! determinin $hase shift

Diffuse 7.

/m$!itude " / == EF/ E 15

hase " random

o!ari'ation " random

s$ecu!a ref!ection

diffuse ref!ection

D


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(ropagation(ropagation

/bsor$tion &ea:y am$!itude attenuation

Materia! determinin $hase shift

Diffraction ede=mode!

Inife ede

Mu!ti$!e %nife edes

/ / = )..30 d


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2. ro$aation mode!s

3. /ntenna systems




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(ropagation Model(ropagation Model

&istorica! ##67= Mode! for 7adio station ot :ery accurate nor serious

J%umura= &ata @m$irica! mode!

Measure and estimate additiona! attenuations

/$$!ied for !arer distance estimation rane" ) .. 20%m5

ot suitab!e for sma!! distance 1%m5


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/ata Model/ata Model

Mode! used for 900 M&'

L A B f h a h

h d L

b m

b morpho

= +

+ +

log . log ( )

( . . log ) log

1382

44 9 6 55

with

f fre-uency in M&'

h S antenna heiht Km

ah5 function of MS antenna heiht

d distance between S and MS K%m and

/C +9.)) C 2+.1+ for 1)0 .. 1000 M&'5

/C 4+.3 C 33.9 for 1000 ..2000M&'5

additiona! attenuation due

to !and usae c!asses


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%and &sage 0ypes%and &sage 0ypes

Arban sma!! ce!!s 40..)0 dDec attenuation,orest hea:y absor$tion 30..40 dDec differs with

season fo!iae !oss5

J$en farm!and easy smooth $ro$aation conditions

ater $ro$aates :ery easi!y CC danerous N

Mountain surface stron ref!ection !on echoes

G!aciers :ery stron ref!ection e*treme de!ay stron

interferences o:er !on distance

&i!!to$s can be used as barriers between ce!!s do not

use as antenna or site !ocation


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Mobil 'adio %inkMobil 'adio %ink


2. ro$aation mode!

3. /ntenna system

4. Di:ersity techni-ue). 6nterference and interference reduction

+. Lin% budet


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Antenna CharacteristicsAntenna Characteristics

Lobes Main !obes

Side and ac% !obes

,ront=to=ac% ratio

&a!f=$ower beam=width

/ntenna downti!to!ari'ation

,re-uency rane

/ntenna im$edance

Mechanica! si'e


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Coupling Between AntennasCoupling Between Antennas

main !obe

) .. 10

&ori'onta! se$aration Sufficient decou$!in distance" )=10O

/ntenna $atterns su$erim$osed if

distance too c!ose

Pertica! se$aration Decou$!in distance"1O can $ro:ide ood 7Q Q decou$!in

Minimum cou$!in !oss


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7ecommended decou$!in Q = Q" >20d

Q = 7Q" >40d

&ori'onta! decou$!in distance de$ends on /ntenna ain

&ori'onta! rad. $attern

Jmni=directiona! antenna Ase :ertica! se$aration for 7Q and Q

Ase :ertica! se$aration ;for%


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Installation )3amplesInstallation )3amples

Directiona! antenna/ntenna downti!t

6m$ro:e hots$ot co:erae

7educe interference

)..8 de


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*eeder*eeder

,eeder $arameter

T!pe Diameter 1800M"# 900M"#

$mm% d&'100m d&'100m

38< 10 14 10

)8< 1( 9 +(8< 2) + 4

1 )8< 4( 3 2

Ase the short feeder whene:er $ossib!e


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Distributed AntennasDistributed Antennas

Lea%in feeder #ab!es with :ery hih !oss $er !enth unit ;distributed antenna< o

ften used for tunne! co:erae. his %ind of feeder is e*$ensi:e

J$tic fiber distribution system Distribute 7, sina! radiate from discrete antenna $oints at rem

ote !ocations :ia :ery thin5 o$tic fiber.

)0 Jhm

ro$aation !oss" 4 ... 40 d100m

cou$!in !oss" > +0 d at 1m dist.5


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'epeaters'epeaters

7e$eater ty$e arrow=band 7e$eater

ide=band 7e$eater

he 7e$eater is used to re!ay sina! into shadowed area ehind hi!!

6nto :a!!ey

6nto bui!din

ote" he 7e$eater needs a host ce!!

decou$!in >40 d needed


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1. 7adio wa:e $ro$aation2. ro$aation mode!s

3. /ntenna systems




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DiversityDiversity

ime di:ersity

#odin inter!ea:in

,re-uency di:ersity

,re-uency ho$$in

S$ace di:ersity Mu!ti$!e antennas

o!ari'ation di:ersity

Dua!=$o!ari'ed antennas

Mu!ti=$ath di:ersity

@-ua!i'er

t

f


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Beneit *rom DiversityBeneit *rom Diversity

Di:ersity ain de$ends on en:ironment /ntenna di:ersity

3d ain

More $ath !oss acce$tab!e in !in% budet

&iher co:erae rane

7

7di:5 > 13 7 / 1.( /

(0R more co:erae $er ce!!

eeds !ess ce!!s in tota!he abo:e case can be satisfied

on!y under idea! condition. hat

is the en:ironment is infinite!y

!are and f!at


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3. /ntenna systems




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IntererenceIntererence

Sina! -ua!ity C

sum of a!! e*$ected sina!s carrier $ %

sum of a!! une*$ected sina! interference $(%C

otes" GSM s$ecification " # 6 C 9 d #o=#hanne!5

e*$ected sina!

atmos$heric

noise

other sina!s


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)ects o Intererence)ects o Intererence

/ffect sina! -ua!ity#ause bit error

7e$airab!e errors " channe! codin error correction

6rreducib!e errors " $hase distortions

6nterference situation is on= reci$roca! " u$!in% down!in%

Ansymmetrica! "different situation at MS and S

#6 #o=#hanne! #6 " 9d

/dacent #hanne! #6 " =12d


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Signal 4uality in GSMSignal 4uality in GSM

7Q Tua!ity7QTA/L c!ass " 0 ... (

7QTA/L Mean @7 @7 rane

c!ass R5 from... to0 0.14 0.2R

1 0.28 0.2 ... 0.4 R

2 0.)( 0.4 ... 0.8 R

3 1.13 0.8 ... 1.+ R

4 2.2+ 1.+ ... 3.2 R

) 4.)3 3.2 ... +.4 R+ 9.0) +.4 ... 12.8 R

( 18.1 12.8 R

usab!e sina!

unusab!e

sina!

ood

acce$tab!e


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Intererence sourcesIntererence sources

Mu!ti=$ath !on echoes5,re-uency reuse

@*terna! interference

ote " 6nterference has the same effect as $oor co:erae.

7educe the interference

as $ossib!e.


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Methods or reducing IntererenceMethods or reducing Intererence

,re-uency $!anninSuitab!e site !ocation

/ntenna a'imuth downti!t and heiht

ood!ocation

bad!ocation


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,re-uency ho$$in / di:ersity techni-ue fre-uency di:ersity inc!ude"

Less fadin !oss

De=codin ain

6nterference a:erain

ower contro! based on -ua!ity @:a!uate sina! !e:e! and -ua!ity

DQ Si!ent transmission in s$eech $auses


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/da$ti:e antenna /ccordin to subscriber distribution concentrate sina! enery t

o certain direction.

/da$ti:e channe! a!!ocation /!ways assin the best a:ai!ab!e channe! durin ca!! setu$.


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*re5uency /opping*re5uency /opping

Di:ersity techni-ue ,re-uency di:ersity can reduce fast fadin effects

Asefu! for static or s!ow=mo:in mobi!es

#yc!ic base=band ho$$in 7Q ho$s cyc!ic between its a!!ocated fre-uencies

7, ho$$in @ither cyc!ic or random ho$$in

eeds wideband combiner

#an use any fre-uency inc!uded in the M/


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(ower Control(ower Control

Sa:e battery !ife=timeMinimi'e interference

GSM " 1) ste$s and 2 d for each

Ase $ower contro! in both u$!in% and down!in%

triered by !e:e! or -ua!ity

time

sina!

!e:e! taret !e:e!

e.. =8) dm

ower contro! isnUt a!!owedon ##&


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D06D06

DQ Discontinuous transmission5 Switch transmitter off in s$eech $auses and si!ence $eriods bot

h sides transmit on!y si!ence u$dates S6D frames5 comfort

noise enerated by transcoder.

P/D" :oice acti:ity detection

ranscoder is informed the use of DQ P/D

Battery savig a!

iter"ere#e re!$#ig

Battery savig a!

iter"ere#e re!$#ig


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3. /ntenna systems


). 6nterference and interference reduction

+. Lin% budet


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%ink Budget Calculation%ink Budget Calculation

hy we need a !in% budetVhich wi!! decide the co:erae raneV

he co:erae rane is !imited by the wea%er one.

wo=way communication needed !in% usua!!y !imited by mobi!e transmittin $ower

Desired resu!t" down!in% C u$!in%

Lin% budet shou!dbe ba!anced


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@*ercises 1. rite down the di:ersity techni-ues.

2. rite down the antennaUs main $arameters.

3. rite down the method used to reduce interference.


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/nswer

1.he di:ersity techni-ues are time di:ersity fre-uency di:ersitys$ace di:ersity and $o!ari'ation di:ersity.

2.he antennaUs main $arameters are !obes main !obes sideba

c% !obes5 front=to=bac% ratio ha!f=$ower beam=width antenna do

wnti!t $o!ari'ation fre-uency rane antenna im$edance mecha

nica! si'e etc..

3.he methods used to reduce interference are fre-uency ho$$i

n DQ $ower contro! based on -u!a!ity ada$ti:e antenna o$ti

mi'ed channe! a!!ocation.


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Mobile radio link




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Network (lanning (rocedureNetwork (lanning (rocedure

1. #e!!u!ar $!annin $rinci$!e2. etwor% to$o!oy

3. raffic estimation

4. #o:erae $!annin

). ,re-uency $!annin

+. Site se!ection

(. ransmission $!annin


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Network (lanning (rincipleNetwork (lanning (rinciple

mar)eting

b*siness

plan

traffic

estimate

initia!

dimensionin

,re-uency

$!an

transmission$!an

fina!

to$o!oy

$arameter

$!an

co:erae

$!an

S i


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Scope o Network (lanningScope o Network (lanning

J$eratorUs re-uirements Subscriber forecasts

#o:erae re-uirements

Tua!ity of ser:ice

7ecommended sites

etwor% desin umber W confiuration of S#

/ntenna s$ecifications

SS to$o!oy

,re-uency $!an

etwor% e:o!ution stratey

@*terna! information errain data

o$u!ation data

andwidth a:ai!ab!e

etwor% $erformance Gos

Marin ca!cu!ations

6nterference $robabi!ities Tua!ity obser:ation

etwor% $!annin

Data ac+*isition

Site s*r,e!

-ield meas*rement e,al*ation

W design and anal!sis

Transmission plan

I D


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Input DataInput Data

Maps Main city

6m$ortant road

Location of mountain rane

6nhabited area

Shore !ineLocal )nowledge

y$ica! architecture

Structure of city

D hi DD hi D t


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Demographic DataDemographic Data

Statistical !earboo) Larest town and city

o$u!ation distribution

here are the e*$ected subscribers

Local )nowledge

o$u!ation miration route raffic :o!ume

Subscriber concentration area

300 000 $o$.

400 000 $o$.

2)0 000 $o$.

N k C i iN t k C i ti


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Network ConigurationNetwork Coniguration

@stimate number of S neededVERYrouh initia! estimation "

tota! o$eratorUs bandwidth

$!anned fre-. reuse rate

number of S needed fortrafficreasons

@:a!uate achie:ab!e ce!! co:erae raneCf to$ora$hy re-uirements sina! !e:e!s

en:ironment ...5

number of S needed for

coveragereasons

C a:erae number of 7Q a!!owed $er ce!!

,inances Mar%etin

!annin


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N t k 0 lN t k 0 l


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Network 0opologyNetwork 0opology

Ambre!!a ce!!

Macro ce!! Micro ce!! ico ce!!

M C ll N t kM C ll N t k


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Macro Cell NetworkMacro Cell Network

#ost $erformance so!utionSuitab!e for co:erin !are area

Lare ce!! rane

&ih antenna $osition

#e!! ranes 2 ..20%m

Ased with !ow traffic :o!ume y$ica!!y rura! area

7oad co:erae

orma!!y Ase omnidirectiona! antenna

@*ce$tion" Ase beamed antenna for road co:erae

2..20%m

Mi C ll N t kMi C ll N t k


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Micro Cell NetworkMicro Cell Network

#a$acity oriented networ%Suitab!e for hih traffic area

Most!y used with beamed ce!! #ost $erformance so!ution

Asae of a:ai!ab!e siteUs e-ui$ment

y$ica! a$$!ication Medium town

Suburb

y$ica! co:erae rane" 0.) .. 2%m

0) .. 2%m

C llCell co erage range


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Cell coverage rangeCell coverage range

.chie,able cell co,erage depend on ,re-uency band 4)0 900 1800 M&'5

Surroundins and en:ironment

Lin% budet fiure

/ntenna ty$e

/ntenna direction Minimum re-uired sina! !e:e!

/ d C ll/e3agons and Cells


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/e3agons and Cells/e3agons and Cells

hree ce!!s three he*aons5



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4. #o:erae $!annin


+. Site se!ection


0raic )stimation0raic )stimation


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0raic )stimation0raic )stimation

@stimate number of subscribers Lon=term $rediction

,orecast Subscribers

@*$ected traffic !oad $er subscriber

articu!ar habits of subscribers

usy hour conditions usy hour of the day

raffic $atterns

0raic (lanning0raic (lanning


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0raic (lanning0raic (lanning

@stimation of e*$ected traffic umber of subscribers in area

raffic !oad $er subscriber

#o:erae

CC traffic $er s-.%m

CC traffic $er ce!!

CC number of 7Q needed $er S

/!!ow e*tra ca$acity for roamer and busy hour traffic

ransmission shou!d not be the

bott!enec% of the system

0raic (atterns0raic (atterns


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0raic (atterns0raic (atterns

raffic :aries between different hours estimated traffic must be ab!e to satisfy the $ea% !oads. usy hour traffic is ty$ica!!y twic

e that of the a:erae.

0

10

20

30

40

)0

+0

(0

80

90

100

0 2 4 + 8 10 12 14 1+ 18 20 22 24 hr

R

$ea% hour

off=$ea%



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4. #o:erae $!annin


+. Site se!ection


Coverage (lanningCoverage (lanning


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e/ternal inp*tstraffic subs. forecast

co:erae re-uirements...5

(nitial networ) dimensioning

7Qs ce!!s sites

bandwidth needed

to$o!oy

nominal cell plans*ggestions for

site !ocations

ce!! $arameters

co:erae achie:ed

co,erage prediction sina! strenth

mu!ti=$ath $ro$aation

co:erae

o%V

site ac-uisition

site acce$ted V

real cell planfie!d measurements

$!annin

criteria fu!fi!!edV

create ce!!

data for

S#

o to

fre-uency

$!annin

X

X

Coverage 'e5uirementsCoverage 'e5uirements


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Coverage 'e5uirementsCoverage 'e5uirements

7o!!out $hases and time schedu!es#o:erae re-uirement

/ree on min. !e:e! for outdoor co:erae

Loss re-uirement

6ndoor co:erae area

Mobi!e c!asses

J$eratorUs ce!! de$!oyment strateies Jmni=ce!! site in rura! area

Directiona! site in urban area

$hase 1

# !aunch

ro!!out

$hase 2

ro!!out$hase 3



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Loss Due to co:erae

Due to interference

Full coverage of an area can hardly be

guaranteed ! common values: 90~95

Network planningNetwork planning


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Network planningNetwork planning



4. #o:erae $!annin


+. Site se!ection


*re5uency (lanning*re5uency (lanning


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hy we reuse the fre-uencyV 8 M&' C 40 channe!s F 8 times!ots C 320 users

CC ma*. 320 simu!taneous ca!!sNNN

Limited bandwidth

6nterference are una:oidab!e Minimi'e tota! interference in networ%

Ase ca!cu!ated $ro$aation $rediction for fre-uency a!!ocation



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aret ,ind so!ution to minimi'e interferences in the networ%

raditiona! method &e*aona! ce!! $atterns

7eu!ar rid

#!uster si'es

,re-uency reuse distance"

D C 7 Fs-rt3Fc!uster=si'e5

7

D



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,re-uency $!annin a!ways consider the fo!!owin case /ctua! situation is different.

ower contro! actua! traffic and distribution of subscribers.

/:erae fre-uency reuse rate is a criteria for ood a!!ocation s

cheme"

$ractica!

!imit

safe butuneconomica!

$hysica!

!imit

0 10 20

*re5uency 'euse*re5uency 'euse


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*re5uency 'euse*re5uency 'euse

7euse fre-uency as often as $ossib!e 6ncrease networ% ca$acity

ut maybe cause some interference

#onsideration for fre-uency reuse 6nterference matri* ca!cu!ation

ro$aation mode! tunin Minimi'e tota! interference in networ% 7

D

f2

f3

f4f)

f+f(

f3

f4f)

f+

f2

f3

f4f)

f+f2

f3

f4f)

f+

f(

f2

f3

f4f)

f(

f2

f3

f4f)

f2

f3

f4f)

f+

f(

Multiple 'euse 'ateMultiple 'euse 'ate


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Multiple 'euse 'ateMultiple 'euse 'ate

,re-uency reuse rate measurement criteria for effecti:eness of fre-uency $!an

#o=re!ationshi$ " effecti:eness interferences

6nteraction with co:erae $!annin

Mu!ti$!e reuse rate increase effecti:eness of fre-. $!an

1 3 + 9 12 1) 18 21

safe $!annin

##& !ayer5norma! $!annin

#& macro !ayer5

tiht reuse $!annin

tiht !ayer5

same fre-uency

in e:ery ce!!

s$read s$ectrum5

Multiple reuse rateMultiple reuse rate


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Multiple reuse rateMultiple reuse rate

apacit! increase with m*ltiple re*se rate

e.. networ% with 300 ce!!s

bandwidth " 8 M&' 40 radio channe!s5

Single re*se $23%

etwor% ca$acity C 4012 F 300 C 1000 T42

M*ltiple re*se##& !ayer" reuse C14 14 fre-.5

norma! #&" reuse C10 20 fre-.5

tiht #& !ayer" reuse C + + fre-.5

CC etwor% ca$acity C 1 ?2 ?15F 300 C 1500T42

cap N BW

re use

i

i

.=



83/126




4. #o:erae $!annin


+. Site se!ection


Site %ocationSite %ocation


84/126

Site %ocationSite %ocation

#e!! $erformance has a c!ose re!ationshi$ with site !ocationSite is !on=term in:estment

Site ac-uisition is a s!ow $rocess

&undreds of sites needed $er networ%

Site is a :a!uab!e !on=term

asset for the o$erator

Bad Site %ocationBad Site %ocation


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Bad Site %ocationBad Site %ocation

/:oid hi!!=to$ !ocation for site Ancontro!!ab!e interference

#ross co:erae

ad hando:er beha:ior

wanted ce!!

boundary

uncontro!!ed stron

interferences

cross co:erae areas"

Good Site %ocationGood Site %ocation


86/126

Good Site %ocation

refer site off the hi!!=to$ Ase hi!! to se$arate ce!!

#ontiuous co:erae area

eed on!y !ow antenna heiht if site are s!iht!y e!e:ated abo:e :

a!!ey bottom

wanted ce!!

boundary

Site Selection CriteriaSite Selection Criteria


87/126

S e Se ec o C e

7adio criteria Good :iew in main beam

direction

o obstac!es

Good :isibi!ity of terrain

/ntenna insta!!ation situation LJS to ne*t microwa:e site

Short feeder !enth

on=radio criteria S$ace for e-ui$ment

/:ai!abi!ity of !eased transmission !

ine or microwa:e !in%

ower su$$!y

/ccess restrictions &ouse owner

7enta! costs

Site Ac5uisition (rocessSite Ac5uisition (rocess


88/126

55

radio $!anner

fi*ed networ%

$!anner

measurement

teams

architect

networ%

o$erator

Site se!ect

site owner

Site InormationSite Inormation


89/126

Tuestionnaire #o!!ect a!! necessary information about site

Site coordinates heiht abo:e sea !e:e! e*act address

&ouse owner

y$e of bui!din

ui!din materia!s

ossib!e antenna heihts

3+0de $hoto c!earance :iew5

eihborhood surroundin en:ironment

Drawin s%etch of roofto$

/ntenna insta!!ation conditions

/ccess $ossibi!ities road roof5

S !ocation a$$ro*imate!y feeder !enths



90/126

gg



4. #o:erae $!annin


+. Site se!ection


0ransmission (lanning0ransmission (lanning


91/126

gg

/ reat $ortion of year!y networ% o$erationa! cost is transmission maintenance cost.

ransmission $!annin is for minimizing theo:era!! cost

,i*ed $art desin

MS#

S# &ub

S

SS

S

S

S

7adio $art desin

S

SS

S

S

S

0ransmission Concept0ransmission Concept


92/126

pp

Transmission media

Transmission techni+*es

Transmission methods

-iber

oa/ial cable

opper cable

Microwa,e radioTerrestrial'satellite

6D" SD"

6M

(SD7 .TM

Transmis

sio

ne

+*ip

ment

"DSL

.T

Microwave %inksMicrowave %inks


93/126

ro Low o$eratin costs

@asy to insta!!

,!e*ib!e

Tuic% W re!iab!e so!ution

&ih ca$acity transmission !in%s fre-uency rane" (>38 G&'

orma! transmission !in% eeds e*tra fre-uencies

Lin% -ua!ity de$end on weather

ot a!ways a:ai!ab!e at idea! sites

LJS $ath5 Lon distance ho$s are $rob!ematic

Ter%ialstatio &

Ter%ialstatio B

'e(eaterstatio

Basic 0ransmission 0opologiesBasic 0ransmission 0opologies


94/126

p g

J6=J=J6

S/7 #oncentration $oints5

he basic criteria for choosin transmission

to$o!oies is #osts :s. ,ai! Safety redundancy5.

LJJMAL6D7J #&/6

Network topologyNetwork topology


95/126

p gy

refer centra!i'ed or decentra!i'ed networ% architecture

2 sma!! S# $!uschea$ transmission

1 !are S# $!us

e*$ensi:e

transmission

MS#

S

S#

S

S

S

S# MS#

S

S

S

S



96/126


Mobile radio link



Advanced Network (lanningAdvanced Network (lanning


97/126

1. etwor% e:o!ution2. 6ndoor co:erae

3. unne! co:erae

4. arameters

Cell )volutionCell )volution


98/126

Ambre!!a #e!!)=)0Im@ar!y 80Us

Macro #e!!1=)ImMid=end 80Us

Micro #e!!100m=1ImMid 90Us

ico #e!!10m=100mMid=end 90Us

Macro #e!! Layered etwor%

%ayered Network%ayered Network


99/126

)igh layer statio

Mi!!le layer statioMi!!le layer statio

*!oors statio

*!oor statio

*!oors statio

+o, layer statio+o, layer statio

+o, layer statio+o, layer statio

*!oors statio

Network Capacity evolutionNetwork Capacity evolution


100/126

Measure for networ% s$ectrum efficiency @r! M&' F s-.%m5

/ function of andwidth

,re-uency efficiency of techno!oy

,re-uency reuse #e!! si'e

,r-. ho$$in,r-. ho$$in

DQDQ

Directed

7etry

Directed

7etry

ower

#ontro!

ower

#ontro!

&a!f=rate

code

&a!f=rate

code

Load

distribution

Load

distribution

Load &JLoad &J

mu!ti$!e ce!!

co:erae

mu!ti$!e ce!!

co:erae



101/126


3. unne! co:erae

4. arameters

1hy Indoors1hy Indoors


102/126

6ndoor co:erae become the main com$etition between o$eratorsSubscribers e*$ect continuous co:erae and better -ua!ity

Jutdoor ce!! canUt $ro:ide sufficient indoor co:erae

(7D4 SL:T(7

Good;*alit!1) d5

rear side "

=18 ...=30 d

refC 0 d

indoorC =3 ...=1) d

indoorC =( ...=18 d

=1) ...=2) d no co:erae

sina! !e:e! increases with f!oor

number ">1.) df!oor for

1st ..10th f!oor5

Building (enetration %ossBuilding (enetration %oss


105/126

Sina! !oss for $enetration :aries between different bui!din materia!s e.."

mean value

reinforced concrete wa!! windows 1( d

concrete wa!! no windows 30 d

concrete wa!! within bui!din 10 d

bric% wa!! 9 d

armed !ass 8 d

wood or $!aster wa!! + d

window !ass 2 d

Total b*ilding lossC median :a!ues ?

su$erim$ose standard de:iations ?

!onorma!5 marin for hiher $robabi!ities

In2Building (ath %ossIn2Building (ath %oss


106/126

Sim$!e $ath !oss mode! for in=bui!din en:ironment Jutdoor !oss" J%umuraYs formu!a

Lout C 42+ ? 20 !o f 5 ? 2+ .. 3) !o d 5

a!! !oss

Lwa!! C f materia! an!e5

6ndoor !oss" !inear mode!

,or ico=#e!!s

Lin C L0 ?d d

building tye loss alication e"amle

o!d house 0( dm urban !5

commercia! ty$e 0) dm modern offices5

o$en room atrium 02 dm museum train station5

Lout

Lwa!!

Lin

Indoor Coverage SolutionsIndoor Coverage Solutions


107/126

Sma!! S Mini S

7e$eater /cti:e

assi:e

J$tica!

/ntennas Distribute antenna

Lea%y cab!e

Sina! distribution ower s$!itter

J$tica! fiber

Indoor (lanningIndoor (lanning


108/126

@*am$!e2"

1.2 M&' a!!ocation

)0 m@r!subscriber GJSC2R

reuse $er two f!oor se$arate

fre-uencies within one f!oor"

a5 three f!oors2( @r! C )40 subs

b5 ten f!oors

90 @r! C 1800 subs

@*am$!e1"

1.2 M&' a!!ocation

)0 m@r!subscriber GJSC2R

no fre-uency reuse"

a5 three f!oors3+ @r!C (20 subscribers

b5 ten f!oors

3+ @r! C (20 subscribers

Single cell approach Multi2Cell approach

t

7

8

7

#

-

#

9

:

9#;;8

#;;8

#;;8

%eaky cable%eaky cable


109/126

#oa*ia! cab!e with $erforated !eads7adiatin !oss 10>40 d $er 100m

#ou$!in !oss ty$ica!!y )) d at 1m5

roduce constant fie!d=strenth a!on cab!e runs

or% at wide=band

7adiatin !oss become hiher with hih fre-uency

Pery !are bendin radius

,ormer!y often used for tunne! co:erae

@*$ensi:e

Indoor Coverage )3amplesIndoor Coverage )3amples


110/126

ith 7e$eater 7e!ay outdoor sina! into taret bui!din

eed donor ce!! add co:erae but not ca$acity

ith indoor S and distributed antenna &ea:y !oss brin by $ower s$!ittin and cab!e

1:1

50m

50m

1:1

50m

50m

1:1

50m

50m

1:1

50m

50m

1:1

50m

50m

1:1

1:1:1

1:1

4th "loor

3r! "loor

2! "loor

1st "loor

gro$! "loor

Jutdoor /ntenna

Gain" 18 di

6ndoor /ntenna

Gain" 9di

Target (ndoor o,erage &*ilding

(8ZZ #ab!e

Loss" 4d )0m

#ab!e !enth " 2)m

=)0 dm

4th ,!oor

3rd ,!oor

1st ,!oor

Ground ,!oor

2nd ,!oor

'epeater'epeater


111/126

y$es of 7e$eater /ccordin to o$eratin fre-uency

ide=band 7e$eater

arrow=band 7e$eater

/ccordin to wor%in method

assi:e 7e$eater

eeds stron e*terna! sina! usefu! on!y with

:ery short cab!es and se!dom used

/cti:e 7e$eater

/m$!ify and re=transmits a!! recei:ed sina!s

needs

decou$!in am$!ification

'epeater'epeater


112/126

/$$!ication e*am$!es #o:erae for !ow traffic area

7emote :a!!ey

unne!

Anderround co:erae

0he Bulb (rinciples0he Bulb (rinciples


113/126

Se,eral smaller sites pro,ide

more indoor co,erage areathan a single large site

... is better than ...

Newspaper (rinciplesNewspaper (rinciples


114/126

he news$a$er=$rinci$!e

(ndoor co,erage ma! be

e/pected in locations wherethere is no eno*gh da!light toread a newspaper comfortabl!



115/126


3. unne! co:erae

4. arameters

1ave (ropagation in 0unnels1ave (ropagation in 0unnels


116/126

6dea! antenna $osition" center of cross=sectionDistance to wa!!s" min. 2O

unne! cross=section sha$e unim$ortant if O 10

ime dis$ersion decreases with distance

6nsta!! antenna )0>100m before tunne! entrance

Good sina! cou$!in between successi:e tunne!s

unne!s are :ery suitab!e en:ironment

for radio wa:e $ro$aation

unne!s are :ery suitab!e en:ironment

for radio wa:e $ro$aation

0unnel Cross2Section0unnel Cross2Section


117/126

,i!!in factor determines $ro$aation conditiony$ica! rane for fi!!in factors

7oad tunne!s" 10R

Metro" +0>90R

fi!!in factor C==========



118/126


3. unne! co:erae

4. arameters

BSS (arametersBSS (arameters


119/126

SS 7e!e:ant arameter for etwor% !annin ,re-uency a!!ocation $!an

Loica! radio confiuration

ransmittin $ower

Definition of neihborin ce!!s

Definition of !ocation areas &ando:er $arameters

ower contro! $arameters

#e!! se!ection $arameters

7adio !in% time=out counter

o$o!oy of S#= S networ%

/andover 0ypes/andover 0ypes


120/126

6ntra=ce!! same ce!! but different carrier or times!ot6nter=ce!! different ce!!s norma! case5

6nter=S# different S#

6nter=MS# different MS#

6nter=LM technica!!y feasib!e not su$$orted5

6ntra=ce!!

6nte=rce!!

inter=S#

/andover Criteria/andover Criteria


121/126

1. 6nterference AL and DL2. ad #6 ratio

3. A$!in% Tua!ity

4. Down!in% Tua!ity

). A$!in% Le:e!

+. Down!in% Le:e!(. Distance

8. 7a$id Sina! Dro$

9. MS S$eed

10. ower udet

11. Good #6 ratio

12. #" Lower -ua!ity!e:e! thres

ho!ds DLAL5

13. #" A$$er -ua!ity!e:e! thresho!ds DLAL5

%ocation Area Design%ocation Area Design


122/126

Location u$date affects a!! mobi!es in networ% Location u$date in id!e mode

Location u$date after ca!! com$!etion

Location u$date brins e*tra burden to the networ%

Good !ocation area desin shou!d a:oid $in=$on

!ocation u$date

Location area 1

Location area 5maor road

(aging .S %ocation update 0raic(aging .S %ocation update 0raic


123/126

ainLocation u$date

[ of ce!!s in Loc. area

sina!in

traffic

o$timum number

of ce!!s in Loc. area

function of user density

ce!! si'e ca!! arri:a! rate ...function of

user mobi!ity

minimi'e sina!in traffic

o$timum :aries with networ% e:o!ution


124/126

@*ercises 1. rite down the networ% e:o!ution $rocess.

2. rite down so!ution and e-ui$ment for indoor co:erae.

3. rite down the ty$es of hando:er.


125/126

/nswer 1.he networ% e:o!ution $rocess is" Ambre!!a ce!!= Macro ce!! =

Micro ce!!=icro ce!!

2. he so!ution and e-ui$ment for indoor co:erae are" M

ini S 7e$eater antennas distribute antenna !ea%y ca

b!e5 sina! distribution $ower s$!itter o$tica! fiber5. 3.he hando:er ty$es are" 6nter S# 6ntra S# 6ntra ce!! 6nter

ce!! 6nter MS# and 6ntra MS#.


126/126

network planning principle part 1

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