New and old approach

Individual teacher and teaching

Teacher is the facilitator to support students’ learning

Multiple intelligence teacher

Individualised teaching style

Teaching is to arouse curiosity

Reproduced teacher and teaching

Teacher is the centre of education

Partially competent teacher

Standard teaching style

Teaching is to transfer knowledge

New approach Old approach

Teaching is a process to initiate, facilitate, and sustain students’ self-learning and self-actualisation

Sharing joy with students

Teaching is a life-long learning process

Teaching is a disciplinary, delivering, training, and socialising process

Achieving standards in examinations

Teaching is a transfer and application process

New approach Old approach

Localised and globalised teacher and teaching

Multiple local and global sources of teaching and knowledge

Networked teaching World-class teaching

School-bounded teacher and teaching

Teacher as the sole source of teaching and knowledge

Separated teaching Site-bounded

teaching

New approach Old approach

Unlimited opportunities for teaching

Teacher with local and international outlook

As a world class and networked

Limited opportunities for teaching

Teacher with only school experiences

As a school-bounded and separated teacher