no entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for intergenerational learning teresa almeida pinto...
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No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for
Intergenerational Learning
Teresa Almeida Pinto
Association VIDA. Intergenerational Valorisation and Active Development
Learning later in life – Uncovering the potential of investing in an ageing workforce
21-22 September – 2011, Brussels
1. Too old to be an entrepreneur?
2. Why fuelling entrepreneurial mindsets of older people?
3. Attractive methods for adult education: true or myth?
4. Intergenerational Learning: do we need such discipline?
5. Final Remarks
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
1. Too old to be an
entrepreneur?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Some people have a job for life
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Some people have a temporary job
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
In some situations was preferable if they retired
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
How old is “too old” for the job?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
How old is “too old” to
be an entrepreneur?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
The myth: entrepreneurship is a challenge to young people.
Seniors: less productive less innovative and creative less ambitious and motivated health decline + low levels of energy
associated to: lower level of intellectual activity lower levels of formal qualifications lack of skills, especially those linked to ICT
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“Grey entrepreneurs are more experienced, possess more social, human and financial capital, have less risks at this stage of their lives in contrast to younger people”
Suresh et all (2006) The Grey Entrepreneurs in UK
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“ The very fact of their longerexperience and maturity can make older men and women more suitable candidates for
self-employment than younger people”
Suresh et all (2006) The Grey Entrepreneurs in UK
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
In USA 21% of all working persons over 65 years old
were self employed, compared to just 11% in the age 45-54 group, and 8% amongst 25-34 year
olds. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002).
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
The Barclays Bank research (2001) shows in the UK that companies started by older people tend to have a 70% chance of surviving the crucial first 5 years compared with 28% for companies started by younger people
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Source: GEM Adult Population Survey, 2007
In New Zealand and Iceland Early-Stage
Entrepreneurial Activity rates are are higher
among older adults of working age than
among younger adults
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Not all seniors can or wish
become entrepreneurs.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
EU is not fully exploiting its entrepreneurial potential and it is failing to encourage enough people to become an entrepreneur
European Commission, 2004
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Europe is supporting young "entrepreneurs for growth and competitiveness" ... But Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity for people 18-34 years still below 10%
GEM Report, 2007
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“Help young and old people who wish to create an intergenerational business together”
“calls for specific initiatives to promote mixed-age teams (...) companies should be supported and that outstanding projects should receive recognition”
European Parliament , 2010
1. Too old to be an entrepreneur?
In resume:
Age should not be seam as an excuse: In some geographic regions young people are less entrepreneurial than mature or older people;
Senior and integenerational entrepreneurship should be encouraged
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
2. Why fuelling entrepreneurial
mindsets of older people?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
The sense of initiative and entrepreneurship it’s one of the eight key-competencies to lifelong learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Entrepreneurship encompasses not only the employment field but also the personal fulfilment and social life
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Due to their age, mature and older do not benefit from school education
to “catalyse” their entrepreneurial
behaviour.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Almost all programs to foster entrepreneurship are target to young people, what would be the results if they also target mature and older people?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
If EU aims to be as economic competitive as solider, mature and older people cannot be let aside of the effort of entrepreneurial programs.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Education and Train can: Promote senior and intergenerational entrepreneurship;
Better working age management;
Improve intergenerational skills transfer at work place;
Educate about familiar business transition.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
•What do we know about senior and intergenerational entrepreneurship?
• How to motivate different generations & trigger their entrepreneurial will?
• What can be the role of entrepreneurial education in promotion of active ageing and successful working lives?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
• There are entrepreneurial programmes or related learning activities to mature and older adults?
• How to design effective training modules to the new emerging needs of an ageing working force?
• How to design successful intergenerational learning programs at workplace?
2. Why fuelling entrepreneurial mindsets of older people?
In resume:
YES, we need to foster senior and intergenerational entrepreneurship, namely through education and training, but this field it still undertheorized and experienced
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
3. Attractive methods for
adult education:
true or myth?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
It’s becoming increasingly evident that flexible, non-formal and informal learning can be more attractive and successful, to mature and older people
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Member States should establish “more flexible learning pathways and make learning more attractive in general — including through the development of new forms of learning”
Council, 2009
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Self-direct learningGuidance Mentoring Coaching
Intergerational learning.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
self-directed learners have: • high degree of creativity, • problem solving ability, • ability to deal with change, one might suggest a linkage between these abilities and successful new venture initiation and development
Guglielmino & Klatt,1993
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Project PALADIN: Promoting Active Learning and Ageing of Disadvantage Seniors
www.projectpaladin.eu
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Often Guidance | Mentoring | Coaching
is based on intergenerational learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“Mentoring between new and experienced entrepreneurs is one of the most effective ways of equipping novice entrepreneurs”
“Schools, authorities and project promoters should seek to tap into the willingness of many experienced and/or retired entrepreneurs to volunteer their time to act as a role model or mentor”
Cedefop, 2011
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“there is a need to adjust education and training systems and curricula for training older workers, through different learning approaches (...) for example, facilitating elderly workers to coach young workers and students"
OCDE, 2011
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“EU should strengthen intergenerational solidarity by increasing the awareness of the contribution made by the elderly people to the society, and by developing entrepreneur attitudes among the elderly which could help to mobilise the full potential of the ageing cohorts.”
Kureka & Rachwa, 2011
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Intergenerational Learning to: Promote senior and intergenerational entrepreneurship;
Better working age management;
Improve intergenerational skills transfer at work place;
Educate about familiar business transition.
4.
Intergenerational Learning: do we
need such discipline?
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Russell: Good afternoon. Are you in need of any assistance today, sir? Carl Fredricksen: No.
Russell: I could help you cross the street. Carl Fredricksen: No.
Russell: I could help you cross your yard. Carl Fredricksen: No.
Russell: I could help you cross your porch. Carl Fredricksen: No!
In an ageing society, professionals need to learn how to deal with
older people needs & with “new generations”
“a new paradigm of learning should be accompanied by new and emergent professions.
Future teachers/trainers in adult learning should learn how to address different generations and become capable of facilitating learning throughout the whole of the life course”
DG Education, 2011
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
“training establishments and especially higher education institutions should develop academic curricula enabling future professionals to deal with an ever growing proportion of older people in societ.”
European Commission, 2011
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Education systems remain very fragmented, by age and by other divisions, and it is necessary to take full advantage of the current paradigm that values lifelong learning and life-wide learning
A new academic discipline to provide basic skills &
address the current and future reality
Intergenerational learning
Gerontogogy
Generationology (?)
Pedagogy
Andragogy
Intergenerational Learning A New Academic Discipline
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Intergenerational Learning
It’s urgent to define standards, equalize terms, identify and elect methods, procedures,
and above all, re-organize the concept and the model
4. Intergenerational Learning: do we need such discipline?
In resume:
To promote an intergenerational
discipline, it’s in line with the new social trends for
the coming decades
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
5. Final Remarks
Entrepreneurial skills, which can be taught at any age, are not usually included in curricula for older people.
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Intergenerational learning • Promote new entrepreneurial business,
• Better matching between novice entrepreneurs and the old ones that are retiring without successors,
• More successful age management and knowledge at work place
We need to promote Intergenerational
Learning to rehabilitate intergenerational
solidarity
No entrepreneurial skills for old men: a call for Intergenerational Learning
Thank You!
Teresa Almeida Pinto
Association VIDA. Intergenerational Valorisation and Active Development