nongqai : volume 10 no 9 · veiligheidsgeskiedenis en het 'n ma-graad in nasionale strategiese...

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NONGQAI : VOLUME 10 NO 9 Table of Contents

Contents

ADMINISTRATION | ADMINISTRASIE ........................................................................................... 7

Publisher | Uitgewer .................................................................................................................. 7

Contact Details | Kontakbesonderhede ..................................................................................... 7

Aim | Doel .................................................................................................................................. 7

Policy | Beleid ............................................................................................................................ 7

Welcome | Welkom .................................................................................................................... 8

ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL .................................................................... 9

FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD ..................................................................................................... 10

• Gen. JJ Geldenhuys ......................................................................................................... 10

General Jannie Geldenhuys: Lt. Col. William Marshall ............................................................ 10

• Ons Pa, Jannie Geldenhuys ............................................................................................. 13

• Huldeblyk: Lt.genl. RF Holtzhausen, SSA, SD, SM, MMM ............................................... 17

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VROUEDAG: Brig. Duveen Botha: Grondlegger SA Vrouepolisie ........................................... 26

VISIT OUR WEBSITE | BESOEK ONS WEBWERF ..................................................................... 27

Ons het die Nongqai laat herleef! | We revived the old Nongqai ............................................. 27

POLICE HISTORY | POLISIEGESKIEDENIS ............................................................................... 27

Operation “K” ............................................................................................................................... 28

Trauma Centre: Jim Hooper .................................................................................................... 28

Police History | Polisiegeskiedenis ............................................................................................ 38

• Spesiale- konstabels: Brig. Fanie Bouwer ........................................................................ 38

• Is die grondwet bloot 'n skyn? Mnr Johan Botha ............................................................... 39

• 1915: Vroue-optog na Uniegebou ..................................................................................... 40

• Wednesday, August 4, 1915 (HBH) .................................................................................. 40

• 4 & 5 Augustus 1915: Grote vrouwen demonstratie (HBH) ............................................... 41

Guerrilla-Oorlogvoering is heel moontlik die polisie se grootste uitdaging. Merk ek

hersenskimme in gekleurde oorpakke op? (Saamgestel deur Philip Malherbe) ...................... 42

SAP Coin: Rhodesia: Kendaya TTL: Bob Sylvester ................................................................ 52

History: SA Police: Management of Explosives: A SA Railways point of view: J & J Wepener52

Herinneringe Jimmy Taylor: Brig. Christo Davidson ................................................................ 56

Huldeblyk Jimmy Taylor: Genl. Johan van der Merwe ........................................................... 58

Uit die anale van die WVK: SOE-Medalje toegeken aan Jimmy Taylor ................................... 58

Wyle AO ‘Spyker’ van Wyk: Veiligheidstak: Westelike Provinsie ............................................. 59

Kol. Eugene de Kock: Kapt. Barry Taylor ................................................................................ 60

1993: ABS: Die Burger: Brig. SJ Bouwer ................................................................................. 61

1978: Dossierinspeksie: Brig. SJ Bouwer ................................................................................ 61

Zarp’e: Leon Bezuidenhout ..................................................................................................... 62

Pretoria Police Constable, P Flynne. (Nico Moolman and Colouring by Jennifer Bosch ......... 63

Durban Borough Police | Durban Gemeentelike Politie ........................................................... 64

Bluff Water Police .................................................................................................................... 64

Wet en orde: Pretoria: Julie/Augustus 2019: Glenn Elsden ..................................................... 66

SAPS Brapan (sic) .................................................................................................................. 68

Die Afrikaner Broederbond: Lt.genl. A v H Beukes .................................................................. 68

• Kommentaar deur HBH ..................................................................................................... 78

Ken jou voertuie | Know your Vehicles: Lt.Col. W Marshall ..................................................... 79

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1908: Memorial Fund: Const WC Eagle (SA Constabulary & Transvaal Police). A “First Nation”

Canadian who served in the Polce .......................................................................................... 86

SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE ................................................................... 87

Genl AF Horak ......................................................................................................................... 87

Const Andre van Wyk: Craig Stuart Brown .............................................................................. 88

Wedding: SAR Police: Const. Andre van Wyk: CS Brown ....................................................... 89

MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS ............................................................................. 90

Polemology .............................................................................................................................. 90

John Francis MacLean: Regiment Northern Natal: Sorely missed and never forgotten: Capt

Andre van Ellinckhuyzen ......................................................................................................... 90

SA Lugmag | SA Air Force ...................................................................................................... 92

Coolhand Luke, die Customs en die Buttercup: Lt.-kol. At Spies ............................................ 92

Lt. Peter Ian Norman-Smith (SAAF): Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen ..................................... 94

• Supreme Sacrifice in Korea .............................................................................................. 95

Ex Alto Vincimus ..................................................................................................................... 98

• Etienne Louis Bell: Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen........................................................... 98

James Henry Williams: The Match Manufacturer killed “Somewhere in Flanders”: Capt. Andre

van Ellinckhuyzen .................................................................................................................. 100

SANDF: Name Changes ....................................................................................................... 104

Wie was die chauffeur van die Duitse generaal - veldmaarskalk Erwin Rommel die “Desert

Fox"? Wolfgang Günther Witschas ........................................................................................ 105

Graf Spee vs Doric Star and The Battle of the River Plate: December 1939: Wolfgang Günther

Witschas ................................................................................................................................ 107

POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS ...................................................................... 114

Corruption in SAPS affects ability to address gang violence – John Moodey ........................ 114

Police’s inability to deal with violent unrest worrying – AfriForum .......................................... 114

When it comes to safety, we cannot work in silos – Albert Fritz ............................................ 115

Proposed: National Health Insurance .................................................................................... 116

• It is time to say ‘No!’ to the NHI – IRR ............................................................................. 116

9,5m rounds of SAPS ammunition lost in six years – Pieter Groenewald ............................. 117

Clarity wanted on SAPS ammunition shortage – Albert Fritz ................................................. 118

Marked increase in SAPS Gauteng corruption – John Moodey ............................................. 119

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Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch ............................................... 120

Rodrigues Charged One Year Ago: Flashback ..................................................................... 120

Joao Rodrigues: Another Court Appearance ......................................................................... 120

42nd Anniversary of Dr Haffejee – Inquest Halted ................................................................ 120

43rd Anniversary of Mapetla Mohapi ..................................................................................... 121

South Africa’s ‘Moral Compromise’: Why More Than 300 Apartheid-Era Atrocities Remain

Unsolved ............................................................................................................................... 121

Justice for Hoosen Haffejee still on hold................................................................................ 121

Haffejee Inquest: Security Branch Operative dies days after decision to reopen case .......... 122

Rodrigues Application for Appeal to be heard ....................................................................... 122

MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITÊR EN DIE MEDIA ............................................................ 123

• Head Scarf Dispute: SANDF vs Major Fatima Isaacs ..................................................... 123

Boy, 15, appears in court for allegedly killing SANDF soldier ................................................ 123

Stray cattle render R53m Somerset East Airfield unusable - DA ECape ................................ 124

Ghost riders in the sky! Three US stealth bombers - each costing $2.1bn and with call-sign

'DEATH' - soar over Dover after leaving RAF base for secret training mission in Europe ..... 125

CORRECTIONAL SERVICES | KORREKTIEWE DIENSTE ....................................................... 126

Parlementêre begrotingsdebat: Korrektiewe Dienste - Oorvol gevangenisse het belangrike rol

in groeiende misdaadomgewing in Suid-Afrika: Jaco Mulder: VF Plus-LP ............................ 126

“WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.) ............................... 127

• Meldola War Cemetery Italy ............................................................................................ 127

• Maktau Indian Cemetery: Kenya ..................................................................................... 128

• Pandua War Cemetery: Italy ........................................................................................... 128

• Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension: Italy ........................................ 129

• Aberdeen Trinity Cemetery: United Kingdom .................................................................. 129

• Aberdeen St Peter’s Cemetery – United Kingdom .......................................................... 130

ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG .................................................................... 131

Vrouedag 9 Augustus 2019: Nico Moolman .......................................................................... 131

Gewapende Boervrou............................................................................................................ 134

Emily Hobhouse .................................................................................................................... 135

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THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS ......................................................................... 136

Taking gallantry at Delville Wood to a whole new level; William Faulds VC MC ................... 136

NATIONAL SECURITY: NASIONALE VEILIGHEID ................................................................... 140

Land panel report puts a bullet through the ‘new dawn’s’ brain – IRR ................................... 140

We need to close our borders, because drugs are coming in - Mashaba .............................. 141

ANCYL 'never contacted' us - Camp Zenith .......................................................................... 142

SA’s fiscal death spiral .......................................................................................................... 142

Riding a Dead Horse: Elly Twineyo-Kamigusha .................................................................... 144

RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING ....................................................................................... 145

Richard Mdluli and co-accused convicted ............................................................................. 145

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING ................................................................... 147

Lasbrief: Doodsvonnis: Adv. Len Els ..................................................................................... 147

Banning of old SA flag an expression of Nelson Mandela’s mandate – NMF ........................ 148

Old flag banning will undermine reconciliation and nation building – FF Plus ....................... 148

On the old SA flag ruling - FW de Klerk Foundation .............................................................. 149

Banning of old flag blow to freedom of speech – AfriForum .................................................. 150

DA responds to banning of old SA flag .................................................................................. 150

ANC welcomes banning of old SA flag .................................................................................. 151

• Kommentaar HBH ........................................................................................................... 152

DAG HAMMARSKJOLD | HIV | SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME RESEARCH

(SAIMR) ....................................................................................................................................... 153

White mercenaries plotted to spread HIV through Africa through fake vaccination program,

claims documentary .............................................................................................................. 153

Today, 21 years ago, TRC releases documents revealing plot to kill UN Secretary. ............. 157

• South African Institute for Maritime Research ................................................................. 158

References .............................................................................................................................. 158

• Comments by HBH ......................................................................................................... 158

LETTERS | BRIEWE ................................................................................................................... 160

Patu 2: Robert Sylvester ........................................................................................................ 160

Schalk de Beer ...................................................................................................................... 160

Kontak ................................................................................................................................... 161

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Gerald Croukamp: Luit. Barry Taylor (Thailand) .................................................................... 161

INDEMNITY & © | VRYWARING & © .......................................................................................... 162

End | Slot ............................................................................................................................... 162

ADMINISTRATION | ADMINISTRASIE

Publisher | Uitgewer The Nongqai is compiled by Hennie Heymans (HBH) a retired Brigadier of the late South African

Police Force and this e-magazine is published on ISSUU. Hennie lives in Pretoria, ZA. He is

passionate about our police-, military- and national security history and holds a MA-degree in

National Strategic Studies. Any opinions expressed by him, are entirely his own.

Die Nongqai word saamgestel deur Hennie Heymans (HBH), 'n afgetrede brigadier van die

voormalige Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag en hierdie e-tydskrif word op ISSUU gepubliseer. Hennie

woon in Pretoria, ZA. Hy is passievol oor ons polisie-, militêre- en nasionale

veiligheidsgeskiedenis en het 'n MA-graad in Nasionale Strategiese Studies verwerf. Enige

menings wat hy uitspreek, is uitsluitlik sy eie.

Contact Details | Kontakbesonderhede

Aim | Doel Our goal is to collect and

record our national security

history for publication in the

Nongqai for future generations.

Ons doel is om die nasionale

veiligheidsgeskiedenis in die Nongqai aan te teken en so vir die nageslagte bewaar.

Policy | Beleid We publish the articles and stories as we receive them from our correspondents; we only correct

the spelling mistakes. It's important to publish the stories in the form and context as we receive

them from our correspondents. Policemen and defence personnel have their own language. We

are not a scientific or literary journal. We only work with historical building blocks.

Onthou, skryf u storie, soms kan ons net op u geskrewe

weergawe terugval want dit is al wat daar is.

Deel u SAP- en SAW-foto’s met ons!

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Ons gebruik die artikels en stories soos ons dit van ons korrespondente ontvang; ons maak slegs

die spelfoute reg. Dis belangrik om die stories te bewaar in die vorm en in die konteks soos ons dit

ontvang. Lede van die veiligheidsmagte het hul eie taal en ons moet dit ook so aanteken. Ons is

nie ‘n letterkundige of wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Ons werk slegs met die boustene van

geskiedenis.

Welcome | Welkom Hartlik welkom by hierdie uitgawe. Ons hou ons maar besig geskiedenis, maar om die veral die

polisie se geskiedenis, in suidelike Afrika aan te teken en vir die nageslag te bewaar. Lees mens

die tekens van die tye, kan mens net sidder!! Tans word ons met die volgende gekonfronteer:

• Ons is ‘n sekulêre staat

• Swak politieke en ekonomiese leierskap

• Diskriminasie teenoor witmense; veral in die werkplek1

• Onteiening van grond sonder vergoeding

• Swak grensbeveiliging en grens bewaking: Relatiewe oop grense vir misdadigers

• Welsynstaat: Mense staan bakhand vir welsynstoelae

• Plaasmoorde

• Voedsel sekerheid en waterhulpbronne is in die gedrang

• Geen droogte hulp aan plaasboere

• Beoogde nasionale mediese fonds (nasionalisering van privaat mediese geriewe) terwyl

staatshospitale nie ‘werk’ nie

• Bankrot staatsmaatskappye soos Eskom, SABC en SAA

• Beoogde nasionalisering van die Reserwebank wat tot hiperinflasie sal lei

• ‘n Swak waardestelsel - Mense betaal nie vir elektrisiteit en dienste nie

• Is ons Suid-Afrikaners vandag eerlike mense?

• Selektiewe gelykheid voor die reg

• Selektiewe vryheid van spraak

• Werkloosheid

• Welsynsorganisasie ontvang nie hul subsidies nie

• Vryemarkstelsel word aan bande gelê

• Aanslag op pensioenfondse

• Futlose polisiediens

• Endemiese korrupsie

• Swak skolastiese vordering en opvoeding met gepaardgaande verlaging van standaarde

• Onbeheerde betogings en wettelose optrede

• Miskenning van ander se regte

• Swak openbare vervoer infrastruktuur

• Onveilige pendeltreine

• Vrot stadskern

• Onbevoegdheid met heruitreiking van bestuurderslisensies

• Gebrek aan tegniese opleiding

When plundering becomes a way of life for a group of men in society, over a period of time they create a legal system that authorises it and a moral code that glorifies it - Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850).

1 President Cyril Ramaphosa announced his ongoing support for South Africa’s race laws in parliament this month.

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ELEKTRONIESE BEDIENING: KOOT SWANEPOEL

Levitikus 1:14 En as sy offer aan die HERE 'n brandoffer is van voëls, moet hy sy offer bring van tortelduiwe of van jong duiwe. Levitikus 5:7 Maar as hy nie 'n stuk kleinvee kan bekostig nie, moet hy as boete vir wat hy gesondig het, twee tortelduiwe of twee jong duiwe aan die HERE bring, een as sondoffer en een as brandoffer; Levitikus 12:8 Maar as sy 'n lam nie kan bekostig nie, moet sy twee tortelduiwe of twee jong duiwe neem, een as brandoffer en een as sondoffer; en die priester moet vir haar versoening doen; dan sal sy rein wees. Die duif was in die Ou Testamentiese tyd die offerande van die armes genoem. As die gesin nie ‘n skaap kon offer nie, dan het hulle duiwe geoffer. Het julle al ooit gewonder waarom juis die duif en nie ‘n ander voel nie? Het julle geweet die duif het nie ‘n galblaas nie. En dit het dit baie geskik gemaak as ‘n offergawe. En nou as ons ‘n duif Christen wil wees, moet ons ook geen bitterheid hê nie. Ons moet geestelik geen galblaas hê nie, sodat daar geen opeenhoping van bitterheid sal wees dat die vleis sleg sal maak nie. Iemand het eendag gesê as jy mense ontmoet , dan “proe” hulle jou, en as jy wegstap dan los jy ‘n soet of bitter smaak agter. Maar een van die grootste eienskappe van die duif is dat dit in wedvlugte gebruik word, want dit maak nie saak hoe ver hulle die duiwe vervoer nie, as daardie mandjies oop gemaak word, dan het daar die duif net een doel voor oë, ek moet huis toe vlieg, want daar gaan my meester vir my skoon water, en kos gereed hê. Die duif Christen, ek en jy moet net een doel voor oë hê, ons moet die wedvlug van die lewe voltooi, want Tuis wag ons Meester ons in. Vader maak ons duif Christene vir U. Laat ek elke dag streef om soos die duif te wees, die toonbeeld van vrede, nie aggressief, maar skoon en getrou, en dat ek strewe om Huis toe te gaan…...

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FRONT COVER | VOORBLAD

• Gen. JJ Geldenhuys

General Jannie Geldenhuys: Lt. Col. William Marshall Born at Kroonstad on 05 February 1935,

He matriculated at Hoërskool Voortrekker in Bethlehem. He completed a Bachelor of Military

Science degree at the University of Pretoria.

Jan Geldenhuys attested in the Permanent Force (PF) as a candidate-officer on January 4 1954.

After completing the 13-month PF officers' course and later a driving and maintenance course at

the School of Artillery and Armour, he was posted to 1 Special' Service Battalion as an instructor.

Geldenhuys's climb through the ranks was swift and sure. In 1964, in the rank of major, he was

appointed GS02 (Intelligence) at SA Army Headquarters, and in 1965 was given a foreign service

appointment about which his curriculum vitae is singularly unenlightening.

He married Marie Martins in February 1960 and they had two sons and two daughters.

He was to serve as an officer instructor at the SA Military College until 1977. From 1965-70 he

served with the SA Consulate in Angola and it was during this time that he became fluent in

Portuguese.

In 1970 he was appointed senior operations officer at what was then still SWA Command a fateful

move, because the border war was beginning to heat up. As it turned out, Namibia was the place

where he made his reputation, then and later.

In May of 1974 Geldenhuys became OC SWA Command with the rank of Brigadier, but seven

months later he was moved back to his former workplace, Army Headquarters, to become Chief of

Army Staff Intelligence.

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Two years later, aged 41, Geldenhuys was made Chief of Army Staff Operations and promoted

temporary Major General, almost exactly 22 years since reporting for his candidate-offices' course.

In August of 1977 Geldenhuys returned to Windhoek as General Officer Commanding SWA

Command, which was soon to become the SWA Territory Force. There he stayed for three years,

building a reputation both as a soldier and as a diplomat.

At the end of 1980, having presided over Operation Sceptic, the largest mechanised infantry

operation conducted by South African troops since World War 2, General Geldenhuys moved from

Windhoek to Pretoria to take over as Chief of the Army from Lieutenant General Constand Viljoen,

who had moved into the top slot on the retirement of General Magnus Malan. It surprised no-one.

In the minds of his large and loyal following there was never any doubt about who would take

Viljoen's place, and in November 1985 it duly happened.

Jannie Geldenhuys' nicknames the people who use them say a good deal about the man. By the

nature of their rank, generals are high-profile people who tend to be blamed not only for sins they

have committed but also for those of which they are innocent and usually this takes the form of a

disparaging nickname. Geldenhuys, however, is known as "Jannie G," "Gellie," "Baas Jannie" and

probably others, and the people who use these handles are to be found not only in the Permanent

Force, but also in the Citizen Force. This is partly due to genuine respect for his abilities, partly

because he has a gift for getting along with people without in any way diminishing his undoubted

authority.

It is a quality which he has always had, no matter what his rank, or how many medals on his tunic.

That his charm is as effective on civilians as it is on his fellow-soldiers, cannot be doubted. One

journalist remembers how Geldenhuys refused to allow publication of certain photographs for

security reasons:

"He apologised so sincerely and so profusely that eventually I found myself saying: 'Ah, well, sir,

that's all right; it's no sweat really'. "And then I remembered what the situation was, and thought:

'Hey, why am I comforting him?' "

He was chief of the South African Defence Force (SADF) at the time and a member of the all-

powerful State Security Council, which approved “unconventional” operations against ANC

activists.

He admitted that he kept quiet for 10 years about the assassinations of prominent ANC activist Dr

Fabian Ribeiro and his wife, Florence, in 1986.The assassinations were carried out by SADF

special forces who were answerable to him.

He told the Truth & Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1997 that he was briefed after the hit,

which was authorised by and executed under the direction of special forces commander, Gen

‘Joep’ Joubert. Geldenhuys said he took no action against Joubert because he was told the police

were investigating and he did not want to “meddle” in their case.

When a judicial inquest failed to identify the involvement of the special forces or Joubert he kept

quiet, he said. The Ribeiro killings remained among the most sensational unsolved murders in SA

until 1996.

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Joubert told the TRC that Geldenhuys had instructed him to draw up a plan on how special forces

could provide support for the police security branch using “unconventional revolutionary” methods.

He said he explained his plan, which called for the “elimination” of ANC activists identified by the

security branch, to Geldenhuys, who gave him the go-ahead. Geldenhuys denied this.

The special forces unit created to carry out the plan became notorious as the Civil Cooperation

Bureau. The first head of the CCB was Joubert, who reported directly to Geldenhuys.

The TRC heard Geldenhuys also authorised Operation Katzen, which aimed to sow havoc in

ANC-aligned resistance politics in the Eastern Cape by creating an underground organisation that

would play a similar role to that of the IFP in KwaZulu-Natal. When the leader of this organisation,

former Ciskei security boss Charles Sebe, was sentenced to 12 years for destabilising the

homeland, Geldenhuys helped spring him from jail. He applied for but was denied amnesty for his

role.

In 1995 Geldenhuys, along with former defence minister Magnus Malan and 19 other security

force officers, were arrested and charged with murder in connection with Operation Marion, which

involved training Inkatha hit squads in the Caprivi Strip in 1985. When they returned to KwaZulu-

Natal, they slaughtered 13 women and children in KwaMakutha.

The officers were acquitted in 1996, but the supreme court found that the SADF-trained hit squad

had carried out the massacre with the assistance of the SADF’s military intelligence unit.

Few things irked Geldenhuys more than the “myth” that the SADF had been defeated by the

Russians and Cubans in the massive battle of Cuito Cuanavale that ended the war in Angola in

1988. Had that been the case, the Russians and Cubans would never have agreed to peace talks

and withdrawal from Angola, he wrote in his book “Ons Was Daar” (We Were There).

On a higher level, the Geldenhuys charm is transformed into a source of inspired diplomacy.

Accomplished professional soldier and crisis manager that he is, Geldenhuys related easily to

people from all walks of life and appeared equally at ease in a business suit and in uniform.

He had a gift for finding the real problems and solving them. For instance, during the intricate

manoeuvring at Lusaka in February 1984 which led to the Joint Monitoring Commission (JMC), he

played a leading role in forging the accord. In subsequent months he frequently visited the JMC

headquarters in southern Angola, to resolve seemingly insoluble problems that threatened to

torpedo the entire delicate process.

Geldenhuys was renowned for his good sense of humour. One of the minor bugbears of his life is

the fact that he closely resembles Springbok cricket bowler Doug Watson, and is often mistaken

for him. Not only is Geldenhuys not embarrassed by this continual process of mistaken identity, he

collected the stories and re-told them. He was also said to be the man who first told the now-

famous joke which he told with relish at a high-powered cocktail party, no less about the main

difference between the Army and a circus being that the Army had more tents.

Like many other senior officers Geldenhuys liked to play a few hands of bridge (his ability to relax

like this immediately after some enormously important and exhausting gathering is famed

throughout the SADF).

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Other talents one would normally not expect to find in a professional soldier. He is a fan of the

Hungarian humourist George Mikes, and has written two historical parodies. He was also the

author of children’s stories and some of his own military books.

General Geldenhuys passed away on 09 September 2018, aged 83. He suffered from Alzheimer’s

disease for a number of years, he is survived by his wife, Marie, and three children. A son was

killed in a military plane crash during 1991.

Medals and Decorations

• Order of The Star of South Africa Gold (SSA)

• Star for Outstanding Service (SOE)

• Southern Cross Decoration (SD)

• Southern Cross Medal - First Type (SM)

• Military Merit Medal (MMM)

• Pro Patria Medal

• Permanent Force Good Service Medal

• Good Service Medal - First Type (GOLD) Good Service Medal, Gold (30 Years)

• Good Service Medal - First Type (SILVER) Good Service Medal, Silver (20 Years)

• South Africa War Service Medal

• Knight Order of Prince Henry (GCIH) (Portugal)

• Grand Cross of Order Military Merit (Paraguay)

• Order of the Cloud and Banner - with Grand Cordon (2nd Grade) (ORB)(Taiwan)

• Grand Star of Military Merit (Chile)

• Ons Pa, Jannie Geldenhuys Dit is met heimwee dat ons veral hierdie tyd van die jaar aan ons Pa terugdink. Dit is rondom

hierdie tyd dat Alzheimers siekte finaal sy tol op hom geëis het. Dit was ‘n hartseer tyd. Maar ook

‘n besondere saamwees tyd. Vir oulaas ... ‘n Moeilike pad wat einde se kant toe gestap het. Die

einde van sy ongelooflike besonderse aardse bestaan. Maar met ons hande styf in die Here s’n,

het ons hom rustig na ons Vader se hemel laat oorstap, hy was immers 'n voetsoldaat, net na

middernag op 10 September 2018. Geen meer vergeet en verwarring nie. Hy is nou veilig en

helder in ons Here se ewige hemel.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Service_Medal,_Gold

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Service_Medal,_Silver

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Cloud_and_Banner#Grades

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan

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Vir ons was hy eerstens Pa en dan soldaat. Hy was nie ‘n soldaat by die huis nie. Hy was nie

kwaai nie. Hy was ‘n sagte Pa. Het nie juis pakslae gegee nie. Maar as hy sy stem net so ‘n bietjie

dik gemaak het, het ons groot geskrik. ‘n Besonderse staaltjie uit ons eerste Windhoek-dae

herroep: Soos kinders soms doen, was een (of almal van ons) eendag bietjie “cheeky” met

Mamma. Met sy verskietende geelgroen oë het hy baie kalm dit aan ons duidelik gemaak dat “ek

gee nie om hoe julle met julle Ma praat nie, maar julle sal nie so met my Vrou praat nie” … hoe

nou gemaak? wonder ‘n kinderbrein, tot jy besef daar is nie eintlik hieruit ‘n uitkoms nie. Pa het

gepraat. Nie hard en duidelik nie. Maar sag en baie duidelik gepraat.

Ons Pa was baie lief vir musiek. Sy smaak was wyd, beïnvloed deur sy kleurvolle lewensreise.

Veral Suid-Amerikaanse, Spaanse en Portugese musiek. Maar natuurlik ook veral die 40’s en 50’s

musiek waarmee hy groot geword het in Bethlehem. Ons raak nog hartseer wanneer ons sy

gunsteling liedjies hoor… wat nou ook ons sin is. Die huis was altyd gevul met sy musiek,

wanneer hy nie weg was met “oorlog maak” en belangrike samesprekinge nie. Sondae familie dae

en onthaal dae saam met vriende, hou besonderse mooi herinneringe, en nou, heimwee in. Dit

gaan nog ‘n rukkie neem voordat ons sonder ‘n traan sy menige musiek kompilasies op ‘n draai

tafel of in ‘n CD speller kan insit. Om nie te praat van al sy ou kassette nie. Daar is vele staaltjies

oor sy grappies (hy het ‘n heerlike droë, soms uitgerekte, sin vir humor gehad), sy uitmuntende

kontrakbrug spel, tot sy opponente se oneindige frustrasie … sy liefde vir die natuur en veral

voëllewe, sy menswees en Pa wees. Maar dat hy nou maar eenmaal uitgeblink het as soldaat,

strateeg en diplomaat, is waarop ons so bitter trots is op hom. Hy het ‘n ongenaakbare werksetiek

gevolg. Hy het baie hard gewerk, te hard, was geweldig feitelik, deurdag en versigtig in sy denke

en benaderings, ‘n soldaat kan nie foute maak nie, ‘n Generaal kan nie foute maak nie, mense

lewens hang daarvan af … hy was onwrikbaar lojaal aan sy onderdane, sy gelykes en meerderes,

sy land. Hy was almal se “Baas Jannie”, die troepe se “Generaal”, sy vriende se “Gellie” en hy was

ons Pa en klein Martin se “Oupa Goldaat”. Wat ‘n voorreg om aan sy voete te kon leer en groot

word … ons lewens is ryk, ryk aan herinneringe, ryk aan lewenservaring, ryk in wyshede, leringe

en beginsels, omdat hy ons Pa was.

Ons Pa, Johannes Jacobus ‘Jannie’ Geldenhuys SSAS SD SOE SM GCIH ORB is op 5 Februarie

1935 te Kroonstad gebore. Gedurende sy “kaalvoet” skooldae het hy in die koue Betlehem in die

eertydse Vrystaat saam met sy Ma en ouer broer “Ouboet” Johan gewoon. Pappa was “Kleinboet”.

Hy het altyd met groot liefde vertel dat sy Ma “die goedste mens” was wat hy geken het. Sy Vader

was grotendeels tydens sy groot word jare in WO11, en is kort na sy terugkeer vanaf die oorlog in

1945 oorlede.

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Pappa Jannie het in 1952 te Hoërskool Voortrekker Bethlehem gematrikuleer. Hy was ‘n goeie

student en kranige sportman wat onder andere uitgeblink het in rugby, gimnastiek, atletiek en duik.

Na matriek sluit hy in 1953 as troep aan by die SA Weermag se Gimnasium te Voortrekkerhoogte

in Pretoria. Gedurende hierdie tyd speel hy ook o-19-rugby vir Noord Transvaal.

In 1955 het hy verder gaan studeer deur die Weermag by die Universiteit van Pretoria en behaal

hy ‘n B Mil. Graad. Hy word luitenant gedurende hierdie tyd.

Op 6 Februarie 1960 trou hy met ons Ma, Marié Martins en kort daarna vertrek hy, met Mamma

kort op sy hakke, na Engeland vir kursusse by hul Infanterie Skool in Wiltshire vir 9 maande. Hy

keer terug na die Leër kollege te Voortrekkerhoogte en in 1962 is Annamarié gebore. ‘n Seun

Harper Martin volg in 1964. Ook in 1964 word Jannie tot kaptein bevorder.

In 1965 word Jannie aangestel as vise-konsul onder buitelandse sake en gestuur na Angola om

die Portugese burgeroorlog te bestudeer en terugvoering te gee aan die SA Weermag en

Regering.

Gedurende sy verblyf in Angola word ‘n tweede seun (derde kind) gebore in 1968, Johannes

Jacobus Bruwer. Jannie Geldenhuys is in 1970 direk vanaf Angola verplaas na die destydse

Suidwes Afrika, nou Namibië. Hy word aangestel as tweede in bevel te kommandement SWA.

Gedurende hierdie periode word Jannie se jongste dogter in 1972 gebore, Mariana Magdalena

(Lollie). Sy was Jannie se “klokkies” kind. Sy lyk soos hy en aard die meeste na hom.

Jannie en gesin keer in 1974 terug na Pretoria tot en met 1977 waar hy te leërhoofkwartier:

Operasies gestasioneer is. Van hier af is hy betrokke by Operasie Savanna en die Ratel-voertuig

projek. Hy bly steeds baie betrokke by die SWA / Angola Bosoorlog wat veral gedurende hierdie

periode intensifiseer.

In 1977 word hy terug verplaas na kommandement SWA as bevelvoerder. Hy begin die SWA

Gebiedsmag met die verskeie etniese groepe van SAW / Namibië, bv. die Boesmans, Herero’s,

Damaras, Namas, Ovambo’s, Basters, en Kleurlinge.

Jannie raak gedurende hierdie tydperk intensief betrokke by die VN samesprekings oor die

voorgenome onafhanklikheid vir SWA – Resolusie 435. Dis veral hierin waarvoor genl. Jannie

onthou sal word vir sy uitmuntende strategiese brein en diplomasie.

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Jannie word in 1980 bevorder tot luitenant-generaal waar hy aangestel word as hoof van die SA

Leër tot 1985. Hy bly steeds betrokke by operasies in SAW / Angola en intensief betrokke met die

VN samesprekings oor Resolusie 435.

Jannie word hoof van die SA Weermag as generaal in 1985. Hy neem steeds deel aan die

Resolusie 435 samesprekings in New York, Genève, London, Kairo, Brazzaville, Kuba ens.

Hy neem ook verskeie reise tydens die RSA sanksie periodes na Taiwan en Israel wat in hierdie

tyd SA bondgenote was.

In 1990 tree Jannie af op die baie jong ouderdom van 55 jaar. Hy het egter die hoogste sport van

sy militêre loopbaan bereik en op hierdie stadium verander die SA politiek. Hy word saam met 11

ander aangekla van “moord” in die “Kwamakhuta Verhoor” wat 18 maande lank duur. Jannie en sy

mede-aangeklaagdes word onskuldig bevind na die saak tot ‘n einde kom. Daarna moes hy voor

die WVK verskyn vir nog maande en maande.

Jannie se grootste laagtepunt in sy lewe tref hom en die gesin toe sy oudste seun, majoor Harper

Martin, in die weermag in ‘n frats vliegongeluk te Pomfret in die Noord Kaap oorlede is in 1991.

En so begin Jannie boeke skryf …

Gedurende 2007 tot 2011 sien verskeie boeke die lig:

3 Ligte Historiese Reise van sy “Basjan & Wilhelm” boeke – hierdie twee karakters het vir jare in

sy brein rondgemaal en uiteindelik kon hy aan hulle lewe gee. Die politiek van die tyd noodsaak

hom om sy waarheid en die van vele ander te vertel om dit vas te lê in die geskiedenis van die

voorafgaande SA tyd:

• 2008 tot 2011 - “Die Wat Wen” – Outobiografie – later vertaal in Engels “A Soldier’s Story”

• 2009 tot 2010 - “Die wat Gewen Het” – Heruitgawe

• “At the Front” – Heruitgawe

• 2010 - “South Afrika is Fantastik” (Ligte politiek)

• 2011 tot 2012 - Mees onlangse en laaste boek met verdere verduidelikende brosjure.

• 2012 tot 2014 – ‘n Uitstekende boek oor die grensoorlog word deur Jannie saamgestel in

samewerking met 62 ander skrywers se eie ondervindings en opinies: “Ons Was Daar” /

“We Were There” en “How the Cubans and Soviets Lost the War in Southern Africa”

Pappa Jannie, ons mis jou. Ons mis hoe jy jou snor vryf. Ons mis jou grynslaggie, veral wanneer

daar ‘n onnutsige grappie op pad is, jou flitsende geelgroen oë, veral wanneer daar ‘n lewensles

op pad is. Ons mis jou net, toe jou brein nog skerp en helder was. Maar ons het jou lief gehad tot

op die heel einde toe, net soos wat jy was. Ons het jou onvoorwaardelik lief gehad, soos jy vir ons.

“Jy het goed gedoen Pappa Jannie, jy het baie goed gedoen” !

17

• Huldeblyk: Lt.genl. RF Holtzhausen, SSA, SD, SM, MMM

26

VROUEDAG: Brig. Duveen Botha: Grondlegger SA Vrouepolisie

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VISIT OUR WEBSITE | BESOEK ONS WEBWERF

http://www.samirror.com

Ons het die Nongqai laat herleef! | We revived the old Nongqai

POLICE HISTORY | POLISIEGESKIEDENIS

http://www.samirror.com/

http://www.samirror.com/

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Operation “K”

Trauma Centre: Jim Hooper

Sometime before midnight on 14 March 1987 a 40-man PLAN detachment crossed the border under a full moon. Five mortar tubes were positioned within 2km of the 21D Security Branch base at Ohangwena. At 02h30 an assault group were spotted outside the base walls and three were killed by a sentry. Almost immediately mortar bombs were being launched, most of them hitting just outside the base where teams Zulu Juliet and Zulu Lima were sleeping. At least two PKM machine guns opened fire, accompanied by RPGs and anti-personnel rifle grenades. When the last of the attackers’ mortar bombs had been launched – at least 200 impact points were counted when the sun came up – the insurgents escaped back across the border. Behind them one Koevoet tracker, Special Constable Simon Venusiy, 24, was dead and 15 wounded.

1. Five kilometres south of us was Etale, where a 101 Bn company heard the explosions and went to high alert. Within minutes of the last mortar bomb landing, a medical team, ignoring the possibility of a night ambush, set off to help with our wounded. Assisted by the 21D ops medic, a doctor intubates 26-year-old S/Const. Ndendjela Vilho. He is a Priority 1.

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2. Zulu Lima’s wounded ops medic assisted by 21D’s ops medic and SWO Tau, work to stop the bleeding and get a saline drip going. More hands are needed but ZJ’s Ops Medic Charles LaBello

is missing. 3. A search outside the base walls finds a semi-conscious LaBello. Shrapnel has sheared off part of the scull over his forehead, exposing the frontal lobe. Internal bleeding and air from a sucking chest wound have collapsed one lung. He’s the second Priority 1.

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4. 05h00. Vilho, Labello and six walking wounded are placed on the first casevac Puma for the 30-minute flight to Ondangwa Air Force Base, where a trauma team is already on standby. Dawn is still an hour away.

5. Two more lying casualties and five sitting casualties go on the second Puma.

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6. With the 101 Bn doctor on board to monitor Vilho, our Puma heads for Ondangwa. The tops of makalani palms flash by just below its belly. The hot turbine exhaust makes the helo an easy target for a heat-seeking SAM-7; the only defence is flying as low and fast as possible.

7. 06h00. When off-duty staff received calls to come immediately, some pulled on whatever clothes were nearest to hand and were waiting when the most seriously wounded are brought in. The doctor drops the bloody inflatable splint under the stretcher as a nurse cleans the wounds.

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8. Ndendjela Vilho has suffered catastrophic head wounds and two doctors assisted by a pair of ops medics fight to keep him alive. A casevac C-130 has been scrambled from Waterkloof Air Force Base for the three-hour flight to Ondangwa.

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9. A steel trocar is inserted between LaBello’s ribs to drain air and blood from the chest cavity and allow the collapsed lung to inflate. It’s too early to assess how much brain damage he may have suffered. He and Vilho will be on the C-130 to Pretoria and 1 Military Hospital, where neurosurgeons will be waiting.

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10. Shrapnel has torn through muscle and broken arm and leg bones. Our third Priority 1. An Ops Medic gives him a wash before he’s wheeled into the operating theatre. He needs an orthopaedic surgeon, so will be on the same C-130 flight with Labello and Vilho.

11. Vilho’s heart keeps stopping. Each time it happens the Ops Medic jolts it with defibrillator pads. But the pulse remains dangerously weak. Of equal concern is the EEG read out, which shows no brain function. But the struggle to keep him alive continues.

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12. Despite the best efforts by the trauma teams, Vilho’s wounds were not survivable.

13. To honour their comrade, the men of Zulu Juliet gather for his funeral.

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14. Ignoring the pain of their own wounds, JC Lesch and Boeta help their warrior brothers out of the grave.

15. Faces reveal the pain of losing a brother.

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16. A mother’s grief. Oranje Vrijstaat Rijdende Dienstmacht (Die polisie van die ou Boere republiek.)

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Police History | Polisiegeskiedenis • Spesiale- konstabels: Brig. Fanie Bouwer

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Spesiale-konstabels was veronderstel om onder toesig te werk. Tydens “Operasie K” is daar met

vrug van spesiale konstabels gebruik gemaak – HBH.

• Is die grondwet bloot 'n skyn? Mnr Johan Botha

Die Redakteur, DIE BEELD: IS DIE GRONDWET BLOOT 'N SKYN ?

Die artikel in die Beeld van 3 Augustus 2019 onder die opskrif “REGTER WOEDEND OOR

VERTRAGINGS IN TIMOL-SAAK het betrekking. Suid-Afrika was vir meer as 30 jaar in ‘n

bloedige stryd gewikkel waar terreurdade die lewens van talle onskuldige slagoffers, wat vrouens

en kinders insluit, geëis is.

Die slotgedeelte van die Tussentydse Grondwet wat ook die grondslag vir die huidige Grondwet is,

het die verloop van die stryd baie treffend in die volgende woorde saamgevat: “”..... Die

aanvaarding van hierdie Grondwet lê die vaste fondament vir die mense van Suid-Afrika om die

verdelings en tweespalt van die verlede, wat gelei het tot growwe skendings van menseregte, die

verbreking van menslikheidsbeginsels in gewelddadige konflik en 'n nalatenskap van haat, vrees,

skuld en wraak, te oorbrug. Ten einde diè versoening en herstrukturering te bevorder, moet

amnestie verleen word met betrekking tot dade, versuime en misdrywe wat met politieke

oogmerke in verband staan en wat in die loop van die konflik van die verlede begaan is”

Die Timol-saak val suiwer binne hierdie bepalings. Jan Rodriques het nooit om amnestie aansoek

gedoen nie, want volgens objektiewe onafhanklike ontleding van al die getuienis in hierdie geval is

Jan Rodriques nie aan enige wandaad skuldig nie. Sy regspan doen aansoek dat sy vervolging

gestaak moet word, omdat, onder meer, die voorval bykans 50 jaar gelede plaasgevind het,

Rodriques se hoë ouderdom en dat alle getuies wat wesenlike getuienis omtrent die voorval kan

aflê, dood is.

Tot dusver is nie een van die lede van die NUK van die ANC weens hulle betrokkenheid by talle

moorde wat deur lede van Umkhonto weSizwe gepleeg is vervolg nie.

Op 25 Julie 1993 is weerlose kerkgangers wat vrouens en kinders ingesluit het, in die St. James

kerk, Kenilworth, Kaapstad met AK47-gewere en handgranate aangeval en 11 koelbloedig

vermoor. Mnr. Letlapa Mphahlele, die voormalige president van die PAC, in wie se opdrag die

aanval uitgevoer is, het aanvanklik weens hierdie moorde in die hof verskyn, maar die saak is

uitgestel en het sedertdien in die niet verdwyn.

Is die Grondwet bloot vir die skyn daar?

Wil mnr. De Klerk en persone wat by die aanvaarding van die Grondwet betrokke was nie ‘n slag

standpunt inneem nie?

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• 1915: Vroue-optog na Uniegebou Reeds op 4 Augustus 1915 het wit Suid-Afrikaanse vroue by die Uniegebou opgedaag.

Die polisie was ook daar

Eerste pyl – voetkonstabel, tweede pyl berede-konstabel, derde pyl voetkonstabel en sirkel is

burggraaf Buxton die goewerneur-generaal van die Unie van Suid-Afrika.

• Wednesday, August 4, 1915 (HBH) The Klementie Beweging (Clemency Movement) organises a march of 4,000 Afrikaner women to the Union Buildings to hand a petition, signed by 40,000 people, to the Governor-General, pleading for reprieve for the 1914-Rebellion prisoners, one of which is Gen. C.R. de Wet. References:

1

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• Steyn, J.C. (1988). ŉ Nasionale held in die gevangenis in Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Kultuur- en Kunsgeskiedenis, v.2, nr. 3, Julie; Swart, M.J., et al. (eds)(1980). Afrikaanse Kultuuralmanak, Aucklandpark: Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge.

• 4 & 5 Augustus 1915: Grote vrouwen demonstratie (HBH)

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Guerrilla-Oorlogvoering is heel moontlik die polisie se grootste uitdaging. Merk ek hersenskimme in gekleurde oorpakke op? (Saamgestel deur Philip Malherbe)

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Die teorie en taktiek van guerrilla-oorlogvoering is meer as 2,000 jaar gelede in, wat vandag bekend staan as China, deur Sun Tzu en ŉ klompie veteraan militêre bevelvoerders geboekstaaf vir die nageslag. Mao Zedong, tydens die 2de Sino-Japanese oorlog 1937 – 1945 en Vo Nguyen Giap tydens die Viëtnamese oorlog 1955 tot 1975, het moontlik die grootste bydrae tot moderne teorie en taktiek tot guerrilla-oorlogvoering gelewer. Eenvoudige guerrilla-geveg organisasie: Dit bestaan uit kleinskaalse strooptogte, hinderlae en aanvalle. Dit was ŉ wenresep eeue gelede, nadat van die klein stamme teen die Romeinse Ryk opgetree het. In die moderne eeu word verwys na oproermakers, revolusionêre- en terroristegroepe met moderne wapentuig. Die hoof strategie en taktiek van guerrilla-oorlogvoering is die vermoë om ŉ klein aanvals- en mobiele mag, teen ŉ groot onbeholpe mag, aan te wend. Die guerrilla-mag word grootliks of heeltemal georganiseer op grond van klein eenhede wat afhanklik is van die ondersteuning van die plaaslike inwoners. Takties, voer die guerrilla-aanvalsmag herhaalde aanvalle uit, vêr van die opponent se hoofvesting met die doel om hul eie ongevalle tot die minimum te beperk. Terselfdertyd voer hulle ŉ konstante verlammende druk op die vyand uit. Dit mag veroorsaak dat die vyand in reaksie ŉ brutale, oordadige vernielsugtige optrede mag loods wat hul eie ondersteuners die gramskap op die hals mag jaag en terselfdertyd ondersteuning vir die guerrillas mag laat toeneem. Guerrilla-oorlogvoering is geskoei op 2 bene naamlik ‘n militêre vleuel (terreur / saboteurs, veld spanne, opleiding & logistiek) en ŉ politieke vleuel (simpatieke ondersteuners, meelopers en buitelandse ondersteuning).

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_





43

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Eenvoudige guerrilla geveg organisasie: Guerrillas kan as klein groeperinge opereer of sy-aan-sy veg met gewone magte. Afhangende van hul ondervinding sal hul in staat wees om al die rolle te vertolk of aan te vul. Suksesvolle guerrilla-oorlogvoering is dus plooibaar en nie staties nie. Strategiese model van guerrilla oorlogvoering: Dit behels die klassieke drie-fase Maoïstiese model (waarop die Viëtnamese model van Giáp gebaseer is), nl. die integrale militêre en politieke stryd. Die model, word in drie fases verdeel. In fase een, verkry die guerrillas burgerlike ondersteuning deur pamfletverspreiding en aanvalle op staatsorgane. In fase twee, word toenemende aanvalle op regerings militêre magte en belangrike instansies uitgevoer. In fase drie, word konvensionele oorlogvoering gevoer om dorpe en stede te beset, die omverwerping van die regering, en oorname van die land. Dié leerstellings voorsien dat daar ŉ verskuiwings mag plaasvind tussen die verskillende fases. Die meer gefragmenteerde patroon: Die klassieke Maoïstiese model verg ŉ sterk, verenigde guerrilla groep met ŉ duidelike oogmerk. Dit mag wees dat die hedendaagse guerrilla-oorlogvoering nie noodwendig hierdie patroon volg nie. Heel moontlik is daar faktore wat in berekening gebring moet word soos bv. boosaardige etniese wedywering; religieuse vurigheid, en verskeie klein groepies persone wat verskeie ideoloë aanhang en wat onafhanklik opereer met min strukture (Siriese Burgeroorlog is ŉ sprekende voorbeeld met 6 vegtende groepe, ISIS – Islam State of Iraq & al-Sham, FSA – Free Syrian Army, Korasan Group, IF - Islamic Front, Ahrar al-Sham en al Nisra Front). Hierdie faktore pas nie noodwendig in, by die formele drie-hoër strukture tov die hoofmag, streeksmag en deeltydse Guerrillas nie. So mag dit gebeur dat die “jihadist” guerrillas bv. ŉ aanval loods, aangevuur deur ŉ begeerte om die sogenaamde goue era van vroeë tye te herleef. Daar is dan heel moontlik geen of min poging om ŉ spesifieke alternatiewe politieke mag daar te stel nie. Etniese aanvalle weer, mag moontlik beperk wees tot sabotasie, sluipmoorde of rassemoord, as ŉ alternatief om wraak te neem teen geringe belediging of ŉ finale skuif na konvensionele oorlog in lyn met die Maoïstiese formule. Omgewings faktore soos toenemende verstedeliking, maklike toegang tot inligting en die pers mag moontlik die hedendaagse siening kompliseer. Die guerrilla van vandag mag moontlik nie die ooreenstemmende rigting volg as die plattelandse vegter nie, wat hulp ontvang van die oorgrens provinsies of streke (soos in Viëtnam). Hulle maak eerder gebruik van uitgebreide netwerke van persone verbind deur geloof of etnisiteit.






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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Taktiek Guerrilla-oorlogvoering word onderskei van die klein-seksie-taktiek wat aangewend word in beskerming of verkenning soos in konvensionele oorlogvoering. Dit verskil ook van die aktiwiteite van seerowers of rowers. Sulke kriminele groeperings mag soortgelyke guerrilla-taktiek aanwend, maar hulle primêre doel is die onmiddellike materiale gewin, en nie ŉ politieke oogmerk nie. Guerrilla-taktiek is gebaseer op “hit-and-run”, intelligensie, hinderlae, misleiding, sabotasie en spioenasie. Die doelstelling is die ondermyning van ŉ regering en lae-intensiteit konfrontasie. Dit kan suksesvol aangewend word teen ŉ ongewilde buitelandse- of plaaslike regering, soos bewys is tydens die Kubaanse rewolusie, oorlog in Afganistan en Viëtnamese oorlog. ŉ Guerrilla-weermag mag die koste verhoog om ŉ persoon in ŉ spesifieke posisie te onderhou of ŉ koloniale teenwoordigheid te handhaaf, as wat ŉ buitelandse moondheid bereid was om te dra. Teen ŉ plaaslike regering, kan die guerrilla-vegters dmv terreur aanvalle, en sabotasie, of selfs ŉ kombinasie van magte om die plaaslike vyande tot oorgawe tydens ŉ konvensionele oorlog te dwing. Vermelde taktiek is handig om die vyand te ontmoedig, terwyl hulle die moraal van die guerrillas verhoog. In die meeste gevalle kan dié taktiek, ŉ klein mag in staat stel om ŉ veel groter en beter toegeruste vyand, vir ŉ lang tydperk teen te staan. Guerrilla-operasies sluit ŉ verskeidenheid van sterk verrassings aanvalle op vervoerroetes, indiwiduele groepe, die polisie of militêre installasies en strukture, ekonomiese ondernemings en siviele teikens in. Aanvalle van klein groeperings, wat gebruik maak van kamoeflering en gekaapte wapens van die vyand stel hulle in staat om konstante druk toe te pas en die teenstanders se getalle te verminder. Terwyl hulleself, met min ongevalle kan wegkom. Die doelstelling van sulke aanvalle is nie net militêr van aard nie, maar ook polities, met die oogmerk om geteikende gemeenskappe en regerings se moraal af te breek, of as alternatief ŉ oorreaksie uit te lok wat die gemeenskap forseer om kant te kies vir of teen die guerrillas. Voorbeelde is die verminking tydens aanvalle en selfmoord bomaanvalle tot gevorderde taktiese aksies teen regerings militêre basisse en formasies. Hinderlae op sleutel vervoerroetes is ŉ kenmerk van guerrilla-operasies, met die ontwrigtings effek op ekonomiese en politieke gebied. Dit verg behoorlike operasionele beplanning, soos reeds bewys deur die “Viëtkong” (VC) operateurs se voorbereiding vir ontsnaproetes. Alhoewel die VSA se lugsteun en voertuie met gepaardgaande vuurkrag, aanvanklik daarin kon slaag om die aanvalle te neutraliseer, het die VC verskeie voertuie vernietig en kon die grootste gros van die VC ontsnap. Soos in die meeste gevalle tydens die Viëtnam oorlog, het die VSA magte uiteindelik uit die area onttrek, net vir die VC magte om weer te hergroepeer en weer na die areas terug te keer. Hierdie tydlyn is dan ook ŉ deel van die geheelbeeld van guerrilla-taktiek.






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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Organisasie Die Viëtnam magte, het seksies gehad vir kommunikasie, arbeiders, burgerlike werwing, finansies, logistiek, politieke opstokery, organisering, sekuriteit, propaganda, voorrade, wapens, plofstof operateurs, veiligheidswagte, sluipmoordenaars (skerpskutters), ontvoering, observasie, ondergrondse agente (beriggewers), koeriers, boodskappers, kommunikasie herlei-seksies. Dorpe moes ŉ skadu regering saamstel, stede moes alle funksies van die seksies dupliseer en die bevolking moes werwing doen. Voorafgaande is ŉ eenvoudige oorsig van die VC-organisasie. Alhoewel guerrilla-oorlogvoering ŉ rebellie verteenwoordig, is dit ŉ verskillende konsep. Die guerrilla-organisasie strek vanaf ŉ klein, plaaslike rebelle groepe bestaande uit ŉ paar dosyne guerrillas, tot duisende vegters, wat vanaf selle tot regimente ontplooi is. In die meeste gevalle het die leiers duidelike deursigtige politieke doelstellings gehandhaaf hoe om die oorlog te voer. Tipies, van die oorloë in Oos- en Suidoos Asië het die organisasie ŉ politieke- en militêre vleuel gehad. Verassings en intelligensie Om suksesvolle guerrilla-operasies uit te voer, moet daar ŉ verrassingselement teenwoordig wees. Indien die operasie beplanning uitlek of die beplanners nie tot ŉ vergelyk kan kom nie, word dit gewoonlik afgestel. Intelligensie is uiters belangrik, en hoe meer besonderhede beskikbaar is aangaande die ingesteldheid, wapens en moraal van die teiken, hoe beter kan die beplanning geskied. Uiteraard kan intelligensie op verskeie maniere ingesamel word. Samesweerders en simpatiseerder verskaf normaalweg op ŉ gereëlde basis handige inligting. Indien die beriggewers heimlik te werk gaan, is dit ŉ goeie roep dat die lidmaatskap nie ontbloot word nie en misleiding aangewend word om die benodigde inligting te bekom. Werksaam of inskrywing as ŉ student (ou RS stelsel) naby die teiken area, gemeenskapdiens om te infiltreer, selfs romantiese verhoudings mag inligting versameling vergemaklik. Publieke bronne van inligting is ook belangrik, van die haarkapper, winkelier, kroegman, huurmotorbestuurder, vlieg skedules, publieke aankondigers van belangrike besoekende oorsese persone. Moderne rekenaar toegang maak die versameling van inligting vandag soveel makliker. Op-die-plek waarneming is ook deel van operasionele beplanning. Operateurs sal alle inligting analiseer, en by moontlike penetrasie van geboue, oplet na ingang- en toegangsroetes, kommunikasie lyne, teenwoordigheid van sekuriteit om net sekere moontlikhede te noem. Uiteindelik is intelligensie ook belangrik waar politieke faktore ter sprake is – die datum van verkiesings, die potensiaal van burgerlike en vyandelike moraal. Verhouding met die burgerlikes Die VC het staat gemaak op die ondersteuning van die plaaslike inwoners. Hoekom baklei die guerrilla-vegter? Dit blyk dat die guerrilla ŉ sosiale hervormer is, wat hom dit ten doel stel om op te tree namens omgekrapte persone wat betoog teen die onderdrukkers, dat hy bereid is om te baklei vir verandering aan die sosiale sisteem wat al die ongewapende se skaad en nood te verlig. Verhoudings met burgerlikes word beïnvloed deur hul gesindheid, vriendelik en hulpvaardig of vyandig. ŉ “Vriendelike” gemeenskap is van uiterste belang vir die saak, aangesien hulle bereid is






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om kos, skuiling, finansies, intelligensie en rekrute te voorsien. Die grondslag van die gemeenskap se gesindheid is die sleutel van die guerrillas se reddingsboei. Tydens die begin stadium van die Viëtnamese oorlog het die VSA magte ontdek dat die veronderstelde duisende regerings-kontrole versterkte klein dorpies in effek beheer is deur die VC, wat dit aangewend het vir aanvulling van voorrade en skuilplekke. Burgerlike ondersteuning in beheerde gebiede is nie altyd nodig nie. Guerrillas en rewolusionêre groepe kan wel opereer indien hulle die beskerming geniet van ŉ vriendelike regering, en voorrade, wapens, intelligensie, plaaslike beskerming en diplomatieke dekking gewaarborg word. ŉ Onbelangstellende of vyandige gemeenskap kan die lewe moeilik maak vir die guerrillas en veeleisende pogings word gewoonlik gemaak om ondersteuning te verwerf. Dit mag nie alleen oorreding verg nie maar berekende intimidasie. Vele operasies mag aangepak word as ŉ vryheidstryd, wat egter nie gewaarborgde ondersteuning sal verseker van geaffekteerde gemeenskappe nie. Faktore soos etnisiteit en geloofshaat, kan ŉ eenvoudige nasionale vryheid aanspraak onverdedigbaar maak. Aanwending van terreur Die gebruik van terrorisme, kan in sekere gevalle ŉ aspek van guerrilla-oorlogvoering bevat. Terrorisme word gewoonlik aangewend om internasionale fokus op die guerrilla-saak te verskerp, die doodmaak van opposisie leiers, geld af te pers van geteikende persone, intimidasie van die algemene gemeenskap en die veroorsaking van ekonomiese verliese hou ondersteuners en potensiële wegbrekers in toom. Terrorisme kan egter ook die teenoorgestelde uitwerking op die gemeenskap hê, wat kan meebring dat die simpatiserende gemeenskap vervreem. Dié taktiek kan boemerang en veroorsaak dat die gemeenskap hul steun kan onttrek, of hul teenstanders, die regeringsmagte ondersteun. Onttrekking Guerrillas moet versigtig beplan om te onttrek sodra ŉ operasie voltooi is, of nie suksesvol is nie. Vermelde onttrekking fase word somtyds beskou as die belangrikste deel van die operasie. Om betrokke te raak in ŉ lang stryd teen oorweldiger magte is gewoonlik fataal. Onttrekking behels gewoonlik ŉ verskeidenheid van roetes en metodes wat mag insluit die vinnige bespieding van die area vir verlore wapens, skoonmaak aksies om alle tekens te verwyder en vermomming as vreedsame lede van die gemeenskap. Logistiek Guerrillas opereer met ŉ kleiner logistieke voetspoor in vergelyking met konvensionele formasies; nieteenstaande, kan hul logistieke aktiwiteite uitvoerig georganiseerd wees. ŉ Primêre oorweging is om die afhanklikheid van vaste basisse en voorraad magasyne te vermy. Juis omdat die konvensionele eenhede dit maklik kan opspoor en vernietig. Beweeglikheid en spoed is die sleutel, en waar moontlik moet die guerrilla van die land af lewe, of ondersteuning van die plaaslike gemeenskap ontvang. Dus word die “mense” die guerrilla se voorraad basis. Finansiëring van beide die terroris en guerrilla se aktiwiteite behels die indiwiduele direkte bydraes (vrywillig of nie vrywillig nie), asook die werklike operasies tov besigheidsondernemings deur rebelle operateurs, bankrowe, ontvoerings, en komplekse finansiële netwerke gebaseer op familie, etniese en geloof affiliasie (soos die “Jihad” organisasies). Permanente en semi-permanente basisse vorm deel van die guerrilla se logistieke strukture, wat gewoonlik in afgeleë gebiede geleë is of oorgrens beskutte toevlugsoorde van vriendelike regerings. Dit kan uitgebrei word tot beskutte ondergrondse basiskampe en tonnel komplekse soos aangetref is deur die VSA gedurende die Viëtnamese oorlog. Die belangrikheid word weerspieël in die harde verdedigings gevegte. Wanneer dit nie meer verdedigbaar is nie, word dit vernietig, ontruim of onttrekking sonder enige sentiment.

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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Terrein Guerrilla-oorlogvoering word gewoonlik geassosieer met ŉ plattelandse agtergrond soos Viëtnam en Afganistan. Guerrillas het ook al met groot sukses geopereer in stedelike komplekse in Argentinië en Noord-Ierland. Daar het die guerrillas staat gemaak op ŉ vriendelike ondersteunende gemeenskap wat hulle voorsien het voorrade en intelligensie. Plattelandse guerrillas verkies om te opereer in streke waar genoeg beskutting en skuiling, veral digte woude en bergagtige areas is. Stedelike guerrillas sal daarenteen eerder saamsmelt met die gemeenskap, d.w.s. selfde kleredrag en hoofbedekking om nie uit te staan in groot groepe mense nie. Hulle is ook afhanklik van die ondersteuning van die mense. Die verwydering en uitwissing in beide tipes areas kan moeilik wees. Buitelandse ondersteuning en toevlugsoorde Buitelandse ondersteuning bestaande uit soldate, wapens, toevlugsoorde, of simpatie verklarings is tegnies gesproke nie noodsaaklik nie, maar dit kan grootliks bydrae tot ŉ operateur se oorwinning. Buitelandse diplomatiese ondersteuning mag die guerrilla se stryd onder internasionale aandag bring, wat druk sal uitoefen op die plaaslike opposisie om toegewings te maak. Dit kan natuurlik wye simpatieke, materiale en finansiële steun verwerf. Buitelandse toevlugsoorde kan bydrae tot wapens, voorrade en opleidingsbasisse. Sulke skuilplekke verleen die voordeel dat die guerrillas steun kan versoek dmv internasionale wetgewing. Die regering wat die befondsing voorsien, moet net daarin slaag om hul ondersteuning te verbloem – dit geskied op grond van “geloofwaardige ontkenning” dat die operateurs vanaf hulle grondgebied aanvalle loods. Die VC het grootskaals gebruik gemaak van sulke skuilplekke gedurende die konflik, en komplekse paaie, halfweg-stasies en basisse gebruik. Dit het gestrek vanaf Laos en Kambodja (die beroemde Ho Chi Minh voetslaanpad), wat ŉ logistieke lewenslyn verseker het vir hul magte in die Suide. Die VSA het op sy beurt ŉ rewolusie in Colombia befonds om grondgebied te bekom om die Panama Kanaal te bou. Later jare het al Qaeda ook effektief gebruik gemaak van afgesonderde areas, soos Afghanistan onder die Taliban-regering, vir beplanning en uitvoering van hul operasies. Guerrilla inisiatief en gevegsintensiteit Aangesien die guerrilla die keuse en plek het om aan te val, beskik hulle oor die taktiese inisiatief en die verrassingselement. Beplanning vir ŉ operasie mag weke, maande, selfs jare, met konstante kansellasies en veranderde begin datums, soos situasies verander. Versigtige oefeninge en “dry runs” word uitgeoefen om probleme en besonderhede uit te klaar. Meeste guerrilla-aanvalle word slegs deurgevoer indien hul ŉ oorwig van getalle in die teiken area het. ŉ Alternatief is die een-man selfmoordbommer met sy ondersteuningspan, dit verg egter behoorlike beplanning tov verskeie moontlikhede en politieke klimaat. Wat egter die benadering, die guerrilla behou die inisiatief en kan sy oorlewing uitstel deur die veranderde sensitiwiteit van die geveg. Dit kom daarop neer dat die aanval versprei kan word oor ŉ tydperk van weke of jare. Gedurende hierdie interim periode, kan die guerrilla herbou, voorrade aanvul en beplan. Met die Viëtnamese Oorlog, het die meeste kommunistiese seksies (insluitende VPA [“Vietnam People’s Army”] wat gebruik maak van guerrilla-taktiek) slegs ŉ klein aantal dae per jaar geveg. Alhoewel hulle geforseer was om aan die onbeplande oorlog mee te doen met die VSA invalle, het hulle die meeste van die tyd gebruik vir opleiding, intelligensie insameling, politieke en burgerlike insypeling, propagandistiese leerstellings, konstruksie en versterkte skanse en oppot van voorrade. Die groot getalle van die seksies wat hulle take verskillende tye uitgevoer het, het gesorg vir dag-tot-dag, week-tot-week, maand-tot-maand en jaar-tot-jaar om ŉ “around-the-clock” kwaliteit.






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https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Ander aspekte Buitelandse- en plaaslike regerings Voorbeelde van suksesvolle guerrilla-veldslae teen plaaslike regerings sluit in die Kubaanse Rewolusie, Chinese Burgeroorlog, Nicaragua, Kambodja en Viëtnam. Die meeste regeringsoornames in Afrika word gereflekteer deur die guerrilla-oorlogvoering, met verskillende groepe wat duidelike politieke oogmerke gehandhaaf het dmv guerrilla-taktiek. Voorbeelde van regerings wat omver gegooi is, sluit in Uganda en Liberië . Buitelandse magte het wel ŉ aandeel in al die lande gespeel, maar die oorname stryd is uiteindelik plaaslik opgelos. Dan is daar ook baie voorbeelde van onsuksesvolle guerrilla-oorlogvoering. Dit sluit in Portugese Afrika (Angola, Mosambiek en Guinee-Bissau), Maleisië, Bolivia, Argentinië en Filippyne. Dit is ook aangewend teen die Indiese Vredesmagte gedurende die middel 1980’s, dit is later onttrek, weens politieke redes. Die stryd duur voort in Sri Lanka waar die Tamils en die Tiere sake uitspook. Etiese omvang Aanvalle kan geskied op burgerlikes wat dood gemaak word as straf vir beweerde sameswering, of weens intimidasie en dwang. Gewoonlik vind die aanvalle plaas met toestemming van die guerrilla-leierskap, met die oog op politieke doelstellings. Aanvalle mag uitgevoer word om burgerlike moraal te verswak om die opponente se ondersteuning te verminder. Burgerlike oorloë mag ook opsetlike aanvalle op burgerlikes insluit, met beide guerrilla-groepe en georganiseerde weermagte wat gruweldade pleeg. Etniese en godsdienstige vetes mag ook massaslagtings en rasse slagtings insluit waar faksies kompeteer om massa geweld uit te voer op burgerlike teikens. Guerrilla-oorlogvoering teen buitelandse magte mag aanvalle uitvoer op burgerlikes, veral waar die magte te sterk is om direk op ŉ lang basis betrokke te raak. In Viëtnam het die bomaanvalle en aanvalle op die burgerlikes die gewenste uitwerking gehad om die plaaslike steun te ontmoedig en Amerika se ondersteuning te laat taan. Terwyl ŉ aanval op ŉ VSA-basis lang beplanning verg met moontlike groot getalle ongevalle, is aanvalle op burgerlike teikens makliker om uit te voer. Sulke aanvalle het ook die effek op internasionale skaal getoon, wat die VSA-ondersteuning laat afneem en die onttrekking verhaas het. In Irak, is die meeste persone wat omgekom het sedert die 2003 VSA-inval, nie VSA-troepe nie maar burgerlikes. Die onderskeie faksies is besig met ŉ burgeroorlog gebaseer op etniese en geloof verskille. Hierdie taktiek van die guerrillas, om burgerlikes aan te val, om sodoende ŉ atmosfeer te skep met die hoop dat die Amerikaanse publiek teen die VSA-magte se ontplooiing sal protesteer.






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Artikel 44. Seksie 3 & 4 van 1977 is die Eerste Addisionele Protokol van die Geneva Konvensie, betreffende die Beskerming van slagoffers van Internasionale Konflik, verleen erkenning aan vegtendes, gesien in die lig van die konflik, wat nie uniforms dra nie, solank hulle, hulle wapens openlik dra gedurende militêre operasies. Dit gee nie-uniform guerrillas wettige gevegstatus indien hulle ook erkenning aan die Konvensie gee. Ook in die Konvensie, Artikel 37 word dit verklaar dat die valslik voorgee van burgerlikes, wat nie gevegstatus beklee nie, oortree vermelde Konvensie. Dus sal dit ook ŉ oortreding wees om vyandelike uniform te dra. Teen- guerrilla oorlogvoering Klassieke riglyne Om die guerrilla te oorwin, kan moeilik wees, tensy sekere punte van teen-insurgensie oorlogvoering, sedert 1950s en 1960s toegepas word. Die wyd verspreide werke van Sir Robert Thompson, die teen-revolusionêre kundige van die Portugese- Maleise krisis, verskaf goeie riglyne. Thompson onderskei tussen ŉ land wat die minimum omgee vir die wette van die land en dié van ŉ land verbind tot die nakoming van die wette en goeie regerings bestuur. Sommige regerings, se teen-insurgensie operasies sluit massamoord, rassemoord, verhongering en massa terreur verspreiding, marteling en teregstelling in. In die Russiese-Afganistan Oorlog het die Russe se teen aksies bv. ingesluit vermorsing en uitdrywing van meer as een derde (5 mil.) en was ook verantwoordelik vir wydverspreide verwoesting van dorpe, kosvoorrade skure, vee en besproeiings sisteme, insluitende die dodelike en wydverspreide plant van personeelmyne in die veld en weidingsgebiede. Elemente van Thompson se benadering en aanname: teen-insurgente (teen-guerrillas): Die gemeenskap is die sleutel basis wat beveilig en verdedig moet word, eerder as om gebiede te verower of opponente se dooies te tel. Teenstrydig met die fokus op konvensionele oorlogvoering, verowering van gebiede, of tel van ongevalle – is dit nie die oorheersende faktor in teen-guerrilla oorlog nie. Die ondersteuning van die gemeenskap is die sleutel faktor. Gesien in die lig dat die guerrilla staatmaak op die gemeenskap vir rekrute, kos, skuiling, finansies en ander voorrade – moet die teen-insurgente fokus op pogings om fisiese en ekonomiese sekerheid te verseker vir die gemeenskap en hulle dan te verdedig teen enige stappe van aanvalle en propaganda. Daar moet dus ŉ helder politieke teen-aksie wees, wat dié van die guerrilla kan ewenaar of neutraliseer. Dit kan strek van verlening van politiese selfregering, tot ekonomiese ontwikkeling in geaffekteerde streke. Die visie moet ŉ geïntrigeerde benadering wees, wat polities, maatskaplik, ekonomiese en media invloed insluit. ŉ Nasionale strategie mag in een situasie aangewend word; ŉ etiese outonome benadering in ŉ ander. ŉ Aggressiewe media kampanje moet van stapel gestuur word ter ondersteuning, anders mag dit blyk asof hulle swak of onbevoeg is. Praktiese aksie moet op laer vlak van stapel gestuur word om die mededingende politiese visioen te ewenaar. Die versoeking is daar om die guerrillas as terroriste uit te beeld en voort te gaan met ŉ skerp opruiming strategie. Brute geweld, mag nie suksesvol in die lang duur wees nie. Aksie, beteken nie oorgawe nie, maar opregte stappe soos bv. om ontslae te raak van korrupte en despotiese amptenare, om bedrog uit te roei, die bou van meer infrastruktuur, eerlike insameling van belasting, of die aanspreek van legitieme griewe kan meewerk om die guerrilla te ondermyn. Ekonomiese geweld. Die teen-insurgent regering moet dus waak om nie te oorreageer op die guerrilla se provokasie nie, aangesien dit juis die doel kan wees om ŉ krisis te veroorsaak by die burgerlike moraal. Willekeurige aanwending van vuurkrag mag bydrae tot die vervreemding van die kern fokus van teeninsurgensie – die grondslag van die mense. Die aksies van die polisie moet aangewend word om die mense op die grond te begelei met ŉ duidelike raamwerk van die wetgewing, self tydens ŉ Noodtoestand. Siviele vryhede en ander gewoontes tydens vredestye mag opgeskort word, maar aan die anderkant moet die teeninsurgensie party hulself in toom hou, en ordelike prosedure handhaaf. Gedurende die teen-insurgensie konteks is “stewels op die grond” meer belangrik as die tegnologiese vaardigheid en massa vuurkrag, alhoewel die teen-guerrilla magte moet die voordeel van moderne lug, grond en elektroniese oorlog aanwend. Grootskaalse aksie mag van tyd tot tyd nodig wees. Indien die polisie aksie nie voldoende is om die guerrilla vegters te keer nie, moet hulle gerugsteun word deur die militêre magte. Sulke

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grootskaalse operasies is partykeer nodig om die guerrilla konsentrasie op te breek en in kleiner groepies te verdeel, waar die polisie en gemeenskap kontrole kan uitoefen. Aggressiewe mobiliteit: Klein mobiliteit en aggressie seksies is baie belangrik by teeninsurgensie. Groot formasies word aggressief aangewend om insurgente groepe op te spoor, aan te val en te vernietig. Samedromming in statiese sterkpunte speel in die hande van die insurgente. Die insurgente moet die heeltyd aan die beweeg wees om aggressiewe patrollies, lokvalle, strooptogte, padblokkades, en neem van gevangenes, uit te voer. Grondvlak gevangeneming en ondervraging van die insurgente sal paniek saai aangesien die res van die insurgente nie weet wat se inligting oorgedra word nie. Kampe, wegkruip areas en wapentuig moet dan die heeltyd verskuif word. Plaaslike beriggewers kan waardevolle inligting oordra en ondersteuning vestig op grondvlak. Kultuur sensitiwiteit: die teen-insurgente benodig kennis van die plaaslike kultuur, sedes en taal anders sal hul groot probleme ondervind. Indien daar nie tolke of vertalers beskikbaar is nie, sal dit noodwendig die burgerlike en militêre operasies kortwiek. Sistematiese intelligensie insameling: alles moet in die stryd gewerp word om inligting in te win en reg te bestuur. Die proses moet sistematies aangepak word, van terloopse vrae aan die gemeenskap tot strukturele ondervraging van aangehoudenes. Kreatiewe beplanning behels die hantering van dubbel agente, spook agente of simpatiserende groeperings wat insurgente kan identifiseer asook hul operasies. Metodiese inligtingsnet moet gehandhaaf word: die strategie moet die indeel van konflik areas in sektors behels, prioriteit oogmerke moet dan bepaal en uitgedeel word. Kontrole moet dan na buite uitgebrei word, om die insurgente te neutraliseer en te elimineer, sektor vir sektor. Reserwe lede moet dan voorgaan om aksies in ander gebiede ook te handhaaf, terwyl die prioriteit areas skoongemaak en behou word. Versigtige bespieding en “jag-doodmaak” patrollies, askari’s moet dan hul vorige kollegas opspoor en oorhaal tot ander insigte. Hulle kan dan as paramilitêre troepe opereer. Streng kontrole moet gehandhaaf word om te verhoed dat burgerlike vigilante groepe die regering ondermyn. Die aanwending van buitelandse assistente moet duidelik gedefinieer en versigtig aangewend word; hulp van die aard moet beperk word deur ŉ tydperk, voorrade, tegnies en personeel ondersteuning of beide. Buite troepe en ondersteuning is altyd welkom, die tekort aan duidelike riglyne, soos ŉ realistiese plan om te oorwin, of ŉ onttrekking, kan maklik die situasie omkeer. Dan kan die buite ondersteuning maklik die plaaslike stryd “oorvat”, en maklik ingesuig word tot lang en ingewikkelde ondernemings, die guerrilla kan egter die situasie uitbuit deur propaganda verkondiging, indien die dodetal vermeerder. Dit het met die VSA in Viëtnam gebeur, waar ondersteuning in Viëtnam ontbreek het, en oorlog-moegheid en protes van die inwoners in die VSA toegeneem het. Hardhandige inmenging deur die buitelandse pers mag die hele verhouding versuur tov die plaaslike kulturele konteks, wat die toestand kan versleg. Tyd. ŉ Sleutelfaktor in guerrilla-strategie is ŉ lang uitgerekte konflik wat uitmergelend inwerk op die positiwiteit van die teen-insurgent magte. Demokrasieë is spesifiek kwesbaar tov die tydsfaktor. Die teen-insurgent magte moet genoeg tyd toelaat om die werk klaar te kry. Ongeduldige voorwaardes vir oorwinning kan maklik sentreer rondom kort termyn verkiesings siklusse, wat weer uitgebuit kan word deur die guerrillas, die teendeel is ook van krag dat die teen-insurgente vroegtydig die tekens moet lees as die skrif aan die muur is, en die guerrillas besig is om die oorhand te kry.

https://www.google.co.za/search?hl=en&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=635&ei=zIBJXZqlCYSvkwX1rJuoCw&q=guerrilla+warfare&oq=guerrilla+warfare&gs_l=img.3..35i39j0l9.1745.8470..10099...0.0..0.331.4623.1j0j16j2......0....1..gws-wiz-




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img.....0.LreiUa7YCRo&ved=0ahUKEwiau6yMre7jAhWE16QKHXXWBrUQ4dUDCAU&uact=5#imgrc=_ Veranderings Die wye beskikbaarheid van die Internet het uiteraard ook die tempo in veranderinge beïnvloed. Dit wil blyk dat die oogmerke van die hedendaagse guerrillas, verskil van vroeër jare se guerrillas tov “nasionale bevryding”. Huidige konflikte sentreer meer om geloof, etniese en selfs kriminele onderneming teorie. Aan die orde van die dag is koördinering van stakings, hefboom finansiëring, werwing en media manipulasie. Terwyl die klasieke riglyne nog van krag is, moet die hedendaagse guerrilla bereid wees om ŉ meer ontwrigte, wanordelike en dubbelsinnige manier om te opereer te akkommodeer. Insurgente mag moontlik nie heeltyds daarop konsentreer om die land omver te werp nie, hulle mag geen duidelike strategie hê nie of ŉ geloof daad (Moslemse Jihad) nastreef wat moeilik is om met tradisionele metodes teen te staan. Daar mag veelvoudige kompeterende insurgente teenwoordig wees wat op die selfde mikpunt konsentreer, wat sal meebring dat teen-insurgent die hele omgewing moet kontroleer, eerder as om ŉ spesifieke vyand te oorwin. Die aksies van individue en die propaganda effek van ŉ enkele subjektiewe ‘enkele teorie’ mag heel moontlik swaarder weeg as eniger praktiese proses, wat teen-insurgensie meer onvoorspelbaar maak. Die teen-insurgent mag moontlik die konflik inisieer en ŉ drastiese rewolusionêre reaksie teweeg bring. Die ekonomiese verhouding tussen die insurgent en die gemeenskap mag heel moontlik lynreg verskil van die klasieke teorie. Die insurgent se taktiek, gebaseer op die uitbuiting van propaganda effek van stedelike bomaanslae, mag heel moontlik gebaseer wees op die klasieke taktiek van patrollering – om net kontra- produktief te bewys te word. Dit mag blyk dat die klasieke teorie noodsaaklik mag wees, maar nie noodwendig voldoende, om sukses te waarborg teen kontemporêre insurgente nie. Bronne: Sun Tzu in The Art of War. Mao Zedong, during the Chinese Civil War, summarized the People's Liberation Army's principles of Revolutionary Warfare On Guerrilla Warfare. Võ Nguyên Giáp. Giap's "Peoples War, People’s Army" closely follows the Maoist three-stage approach. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Guerrilla_warfare https://www.thoughtco.com/guerrilla-warfare-definition-tactics-examples-4586462 http://www.sundaystandard.info/profiling-vigilantes-and-vigilante-justice Afkortings Askari opposisie wat gevange geneem word, en beïnvloed word om van sienswyse te verander, en ŉ dubbele rol te vertolk bv. byvoorbeeld d.m.v. deur middel van d.w.s. dit wil sê mil. miljoen m.b.t. met betrekking tot nl. naamlik RS bv. student wat aan ŉ universiteit / opleidingskollege gestudeer het, wat deur die veiligheidstak gewerf is, om inligting (politiese rewolusionêre en terroristiese inligting) te verskaf. VC Viëtkong Vigilante Kriminele gedrag van sedelike skynheiligheid, wat daarop gemik is op die “regstel of herstel” van ‘n “strukturele defek” in die gemeenskap, waar die polisie nie die reg effektief toepas nie. Vigilante gedrag is ongelukkig nie altyd van korte duur nie, aangesien die verskynsel kan voortduur, nieteenstaande die feit dat die “fout of defek” herstel is. VPA Vietcong People’s Army.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5_Nguy%C3%AAn_Gi%C3%A1p

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Guerrilla_warfare

https://www.thoughtco.com/guerrilla-warfare-definition-tactics-examples-4586462

http://www.sundaystandard.info/profiling-vigilantes-and-vigilante-justice

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SAP Coin: Rhodesia: Kendaya TTL: Bob Sylvester We were on an op in the Kendaya TTL and it was (our stick and another, plus 2 Rhodie sticks) turn to be fire force reserve, on this occasion. The JOC had had info that there were +/- 100 terrs in the area, and all the other sticks were already in their OP's. Info came thru informing us that the RLI had made contact and that there were escaping terrs heading towards us. We were very quickly briefed as to the probable route the terrs had likely taken, and given a grid-ref for our ambush position. No choppers were available so we set out in our Bedfords - at break net speed (most terrifying part of the op). We left the Bedfords when they couldn't go any further, and doubled up to where our proposed ambush was supposed to be. We were in full line-abreast skirmish, on the run. As we were crossing a small tributary stream, our right flank came under enemy fire. The terrs had already overrun our proposed ambush position and had laid an immediate for us. They did not know about us on the left. After our stick had crossed the stream, we charged up the river bank, and were in a position to see most of the terrs firing at our right flank. We opened fire and killed all of them. On a quick debrief we discovered that there had been 6 enemy unit fire positions. We then did a sweep of the contact area and discovered only 5 bodies After a short discussion, we decided that one must have jumped into the river, and was possibly concealed under heavy bush, on one of the banks. I drew the short straw, and swam down the middle of the river to flush him out. One of the Rhodies had lent me his .45 revolver for self-defence. (I wasn't going to get my FN wet) and we had a stick on each bank to cover me. Our little excursion found no more bodies. We left the area after the BSAP special branch were finished with their investigation. 3 days later we did a further sweep of the area and discovered the missing terr floating in the river, not far from the ambush position. Case closed. Abbreviations BSAP – British South African Police – the national police of Rhodesia JOC – Joint Operational Centre RLI – Rhodesian Light Infantry Terrs – terrorists or freedom fighters TTL - Tribal Trust Land.

History: SA Police: Management of Explosives: A SA Railways point of view: J & J Wepener Having completed “Foot Notes” we noticed many Stations had an (Except Explosives) indication. Reading General Appendix No. 4 (Part I) Explosive Regulations. Signed J.P. Hugo, General Manager. Summary should suffice, as to acceptance of explosives at authorised stations. Section II. 44. Transport of Explosives and other Goods of a Dangerous Nature. (1) Definitions. - (a) “Explosives” shall mean: Gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, dynamite, guncotton, blasting powders, fulminate of mercury or of other metals, coloured fires and every other substance, whether similar to those herein mentioned or not, which is used or manufactured with a view to producing a practical effect by explosion or a pyrotechnic effect, any fuse, rocket, detonator, cartridge and

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every adaptation or preparation of an explosive, and any substance which may from time to time be declared to be explosive, notice of which will be given through the medium of the General List of Amendments to Standing Instructions. (b) Note: - Fireworks (including signal rockets and other pyrotechnic devices used for signalling or life-saving), fog signals, fuse lighters, safety fuse and safety cartridges are exempted from instructions. (2) Acceptance. (a) Documents. (i) Consignment note and declaration. (ii) Transport permit (Government Explosive Regulations). (iii) Loading permit. (3) Transport permit. (i) Loading note/invoice must be attached to side of truck. (ii) Permit attached to documents. Copy for guard f for unattended siding. (iii) Permits need not be produced. (a) Fireworks. (b) Ammunition Republic’s Navy, Military, Air Force, and Police Force or Cadet Corps. (c) Where valid continuous transport permit has been exhibited and recorded at Station. (4) Loading permit. (i) Consignee must advise Official in charge of notice to rail explosives and give assurance that prompt loading will occur and also prompt unloading at destination will take place. (d) Quantities provided for on permits. Greater quantities than on permit may not be despatched, or different kinds of explosives than on permit. e) Labelling, addressing, etc.: (i) Each package must bear a label “EXPLOSIVIES” . (ii) Code marks approved by the Administration may be used. (f) Damaged packages. May not be accepted. (g) Days of acceptance. Forwarding stations receiving regular explosive loads, must as far as possible restrict acceptance to a specific day. (h) Collection and delivery. The Administration will not undertake collection or delivery of explosives. (5) Handling. Servants must exercise utmost care. Packages must be handed from hand to hand not dragged rolled thrown down or dropped. (I) Loading, Unloading and Transhipping. (a) Supervision. (i) Except in cases of emergency, explosives must be loaded and unloaded under Official in charge supervision. (ii) Explosives may only be unloaded at destination/transhipping stations. Unmanned sidings Guard to supervise, unloading only if consignee is present. (iii) Supervising official must ensure correct consignments are unloaded and that remaining packages properly stowed. (iv) At private sidings consignee must ensure correct packages unloaded any remaining packages to be properly stowed. (v) Station official at next station must ascertain that NO packages remain behind. (b) To be dealt during day-light only. Explosives to be loaded/unloaded from Sunrise-Sunset only. Work must continue with diligence until completed. See sub-paragraphs (i)/(ii). (i) If absolutely necessary explosives may be handled from Sunset-Sunrise not exceeding 10 packages labelled to another point. (ii) If necessary, to unload at night, packages must be placed near door, so Guard need not look for packages in truck. (c) Carrying capacity of truck. (Q type) truck must not be loaded beyond it weight. (d) Approval points for loading and unloading. Explosives may be loaded/unloaded at points approved by Administration or at private sidings.

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(e) Manner of loading. (i) To be loaded to prevent displacement in transit. (ii) All layers if practicable must be complete. The upper one if not complete, must be secured as will prevent any displacement. (iii) Cases/cartons blasting cartridges to be stacked horizontal not more than 5”6” in height. (iv) Casks not to be placed on end must be laid on their bilge, parallel to length of truck, efficiently scotched with wood, cloth to prevent them moving. (v) When cases and cartons are loaded together, official must ensure that cases not stacked on top of cartons. (f) Small consignments. (i) The number of stations that small consignment may be loaded in tranship (Q) type trucks is in no way limited. (ii) When explosives are removed from tranship trucks, the balance of load must be adjusted. See paragraph (e). (iii) Record to be kept in manuscript book of all consignments transhipped at stations. (6) From or to sidings or stopping places. (a) Explosives may not be accepted for conveyance to or from sidings. stopping places unless authorised by General/System Managers Offices. (7) Types of vehicles to be used, (a) Q type trucks. (b) Livestock G type trucks. If shortage of Q type trucks experienced. Not exceeding 24 cases. May be loaded with other goods provided. (i) Other goods a non-dangerous nature. (ii) Provided explosives loaded on floor, not higher than two layers. (iii) Cases/cartons completely enveloped in tarpaulin, to prevent movement. (iv) Other goods to be loaded that they cannot fall on top of explosives. (v) Explosives/other goods for same destination station. (vi) Truck is well sheeted and doors locked or sealed. (c) More than 24 cases. Explosives in excess of 24 cases/cartons, may be loaded in other trucks other than Q type trucks, with authority of GM/SMO. (d) When other trucks used, may not exceed 75% of marked weight. Maximum not to exceed 15 ton. (e) Trucks to be cleaned and dried. All trucks to be cleaned, or washed and dried before use. Springs/brakes/hoses to be checked. All exposed iron inside trucks must be covered with wood or cloth. Explosives to be completely enveloped in tarpaulin to prevent any contact with metal. “Explosives/ Springstowwe”. (8) Advices. (a) Consignor to advise of proposed despatch, at least 24 hours to official-in-charge. (b) Stations, depots and destination to be advised. (c) Tonnages to be furnished. Loads tonnage and axelage to be reflected separately to operating. (d) Destination to be advised of transhipment. Transhipment stations to advise destination station by telegraph with numbers transhipped and loaded trucks. (e) Operating and sub-operating offices. Must afford special attention to transit of trains and advise intermediate stations of trains conveying explosives. (f) Consignee to be advised. Official in charge must advise consignee of expected/actual time of arrival and insist on removal of explosives without delay. (9) Conveyance by various classes of trains. (a) Maximum weight permissible. (i) Special explosive train – 450 tons. (ii) Ordinary goods train – 120 tons. (iv) Mixed train (Sections where no ordinary goods trains run – 10 tons. (b) Trucks containing explosives and general traffic. Must not be conveyed on special explosive train.

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(c) Trucks containing general traffic. Must not form part of special explosive trains. (d) Guards van or passenger coach. Explosives including fireworks/fuses must not be conveyed in guards van no person shall take any explosives in a passenger coach or guards. (e) Trains carrying explosives not to be delayed. Trains must be given where practicable, be given through run to destination, unnecessary detention, especially at inhabited places, must be avoided. (f) Absolute working to be observed when possible. Explosive trains wherever practicable, be worked on a non-follow token/principal. (g) Interval to be increased to 15 minutes or more. When permissive working unavoidable, an interval of not less than 15 minutes and a distance of not less than one mile must be maintained between train conveying explosives and following or preceding train or both. (h) Special explosive trains. The following instructions apply. (i) Mechanically controlled sections: (a) To be worked on an absolute token, if inter-working introduced, must be restricted to one train crossing one. (b) Crossings with passenger trains or mixed trains are prohibited at interloops on mechanically controlled sections. (ii) Telegraph order system: (a) Absolute working must be observed for special explosive train. (b) Where inter-working is authorised, such inter-working must not involve more than one train crossing one at any interloop. (c) Crossing of special explosive train and a passenger train or mixed train are permitted at interloops where authorised. (iii) Train may not be arranged to shunt special explosive train to pass at an interloop or to pass special explosive train at such place. (j) Examination of special explosive trains at intermediate stations. All vehicles must be examined by C&W and guard at intermediate stations. (10) Marshalling of vehicles containing explosives. Train may not be composed entirely of trucks containing explosives. (b)-Marshalling of trains. Trains conveying explosives must be marshalled in the following manner. (i)-Special explosive trains: (a)-Locomotive. 1 FB. GZ, LZ, OZ or OZR truck (empty) 2 B or BB trucks (empty) Explosive vehicles 2 B or BB trucks (empty) 1 FB, GZ, OZ, or OZR truck (empty) 1 bogie van (b) Except in cases of emergency no change may be made in the composition of train en route. (c) All vehicles on special explosive trains must be fitted with automatic couplers. (ii) Ordinary goods trains. Trucks conveying explosives must be placed in centre of train, with at least 2 bogie or 3 short trucks between locomotive and van. (iii) Mixed trains. Trucks conveying explosives must be separated by at least 2 bogie or 3 short trucks. From locomotive and passenger coaches. The other clauses pertain to shunting movements. Such as “No fly shunting with explosive loads. Protection of staged explosive trucks. No open lights, flames to be present. Protection of C & W examiners. S.A.R. Police were always in attendance, where they were stationed. Book issued July 1966. On 26th August, 1966 the “Bos-oorlog” started in all earnest. A while later the large red “X” from corner to corner on “Q” type truck sides, was reduced to a much smaller “X”. Smaller “Explosives/Springstowwe” pink carton card, with red lettering, was then attached to trucks carrying explosives. Today all this traffic is transported by “A.E.C.I.” by road. In middle eighties, a special siding was built from Mooiveld to Zommerveld siding, for explosive traffic to the Goldfields. Thursday was the

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day the train would depart Mothusi yard for the siding. Building infrastructure is still in use, tracks uplifted. Spoorweggroete, John and Jacque.

Hi all, To follow up on the previous article, we phoned, local A.E. & C.I. office in Welkom. Questions asked were.

a) How are explosives transported today? – By road in S.A. by and exported by sea. b) Are i) Modderfontein, ii) Umbogintwini iii) Firgrove still open for explosive manufacture? – i) Yes, ii) + iii) not sure. (Other products). c) Late 1980’s siding, Mooiveld to Zommerveld opened for explosive traffic. Traffic received shunted by staff and motive power from Mothusi. Siding since uplifted. Is this facility still open? – No is now only used by mines as a magazine.

(Were on 1st movement, at new siding. Locomotive not allowed in fenced area. Runners enabled safe placing. A.E. & C.I., placed trucks at correct doors). More information this time, on S.A.D.F. ammunition/bomb/explosive magazines.

a) Large depot at Jan Kempdorp. (Jacque visited it to take photographs of the staged steam locomotives there). b) Smaller depot at De Aar. Easy rail transport, for traffic to Grootfontein.

Spoorweggroete, John and Jacque.

Herinneringe Jimmy Taylor: Brig. Christo Davidson Zalitha, Odette, Quinton, Ruben, Hanro ander familie, vriende en oud-kollegas. Almal van ons wat vandag hier is, is hier om ‘n laaste eerbetoon aan Jimmy te bring omdat ons wil en nie om gesien te word nie en ook om ons simpatie en meelewing met Zalitha, Odette, Quinton, Ruben en Hanro te betoon. Quinton, Ruben en Hanro is wel nie hier vandag maar ons weet dat hulle in gedagtes saam met ons is. In die verband wil ek ook die simpatie van ‘n aantal oud-kollegas soos genl. JAP Burger, brig. Paul de Kock, kol. Tiekie de Jager en ander wie nie vandag self hier kan wees nie, oordra. Almal van ons het op een of ander fase van sy lewe met Jimmy kennis gemaak en ‘n pad met hom geloop, party net ‘n relatiewe kort paadjie, ander van ons ‘n langer pad; almal van ons het dus een of meer herinnering aan Jimmy en dis hoekom ons hier is. Jimmy het sy polisie loopbaan in 1963 in die Kaap in Bellville begin, waar hy in die uniformtak geplaas was. Gedurende 1970 is hy na Durban verplaas waar hy onder andere by die distrikshoofkantoor geplaas was. Hy en Zalitha is in 1971 getroud en was in Durban totdat hulle gedurende die 80-tiger jare na die veiligheidstak by polisiehoofkantoor in Pretoria verplaas is. Gedurende daardie vroeë jare van Jimmy se loopbaan het offisiere van die destydse veiligheidstak gesoek na dienende lede wie oor besondere eienskappe en vermoëns beskik het wat by die werksaamhede van die veiligheidstak sou inpas en Jimmy was so ‘n persoon, dit is hoekom hy gekeur was vir die veiligheidstak.

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Hy het hom deurentyd daarop toegespits om net sy beste te gee ter beskerming van die breër gemeenskap, soos in die Polisie-wet bepaal en so was hy tot en met sy aftrede in 1993. Hy het van vroeg in sy loopbaan gestudeer, bevorderingseksamens afgelê en het gevorder in die range tot en met die rang van vol-kolonel en het verskeie diensmedaljes2 ontvang. Gedurende sy dienstermyn het hy ook diens gedoen in die destydse Rhodesië, die Caprivi en Katima Mulilo. Hy was ook ‘n goeie pistoolskut en het rugby gespeel vir Durban polisie. Selfs na sy aftrede het hy steeds ‘n lewendige belangstelling in die doen en late van die polisie, en veral die veiligheids-aangeleenthede gehad en ons het baie hieroor gesels. Genl Johan van der Merwe het ‘n stuk aan my gestuur wat Jimmy se rol in die Veiligheidstak uitlê en ek sal dit apart hanteer. Ek het Jimmy gedurende die vroeë 80-tiger jare ontmoet toe ek vir lang tye van Newcastle na Durban gestuur is vir spesiale dienste en ondersoeke wat terreur-verwant was en met die rewolusionêre aanslag teen die Republiek te doen gehad het. Van dag een af het ons gekliek, nie net as kollegas maar het ons ook werklik persoonlike vriende geword. Ons was ook saam by ‘n aantal ondersoeke met betrekking tot oortredings in terme van die wet op binnelandse veiligheid soos die insypeling van opgeleide terroriste, inbring van wapentuig wat vir terreurdade gebruik kon word, ens. Hier het hy my beïndruk met sy deeglike kennis van die agtergrond en ideologiese aard van die ondersoeke waarby ons betrokke was. Hy het ‘n besondere mensekennis en takt gehad wat hom in staat gestel het om ondervraging van politieke aangehoudenes en opgeleide terroriste met groot sukses te kon hanteer. Hy was altyd bereid om sy kennis en kundigheid met mede-kollegas te deel. Hy was nie net ‘n toegewyde, hardwerkende, lojale en eerlike polisieman nie, maar het dieselfde beginsels uitgeleef en toegepas in sy gesinslewe en teenoor sy vriende en familie. Hy was in alle opsigte ‘n mens met hoe integriteit en absolute lojaliteit. Julle as gesin, kleinkinders het hom ervaar as eggenoot, pa en oupa. Sy lojaliteit, toewyding en liefde teenoor sy gesin dra julle eerstehands van kennis. Hy het gereeld met trots vertel van die jagtogte saam met sy kleinseuns. (Ek het nogal patrone aan hom verskaf vir een van julle jagtogte) Hy was baie trots op julle as sy gesin en het ‘n besondere liefde en trots vir jou, Zalitha gehad. Vir hom was jy sy alles. Zalitha het gevra ek moet ook noem dat sy hom net so onvoorwaardelik lief gehad het. Ek en hy het die afgelope aantal jare gereeld met mekaar gesels oor landsake, sommer net ook as vriende en saam koffie gedrink, soms bier ook, en dan het hy gereeld en met trots van julle gepraat. Wanneer die kinders hier gekuier het, kon mens hom nie wegkry van julle af nie. Verlede Dinsdag-oggend, voor sy skielike en onverwagse dood op Donderdag, het ek hom geskakel net toe julle op pad was na die lughawe om terug te gaan huistoe in Katar. Ek het gesê dat ek op pad was om saam met my kleinseun in Smithfield te gaan jag en hy het gesê dat ons hierdie week bymekaar moet kom en stories deel. So is die lewe, ek is hier om die jag stories te vertel maar hy nie meer nie. Dit wys ons net dat ons tyd nie in ons hande is nie en dit is belangrik dat vriende en familie tyd moet maak vir samesyn.

2 Kol. James Brough Taylor het ook die SOE-dekorasie ontvang - HBH

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Jimmy was voorwaar “an officer and a gentleman” en met hierdie woorde groet ons jou soos die leuse van die Bond van Oud-Polisiebeamptes lui : “ad infinitum”, vir altyd sal ons jou onthou. (Gelewer op 22 Augustus 2019).

Huldeblyk Jimmy Taylor: Genl. Johan van der Merwe Kol. Jimmy Taylor was ‘n man wat oor besondere vermoëns, talente en eienskappe beskik het wat hom by uitstek geskik gemaak het vir diens in die Veiligheidstak Hy het vanaf 1986 tot 1988 in die geheim in Londen gewerk waar hy ‘n waardevolle bydrae gelewer het om die veiligheid van Suid-Afrika te verseker. Hy is daarna by die hoofkantoor van die veiligheidstak in Pretoria geplaas waar hy uitmuntende diens gelewer het. Na sy aftrede het hy hom op onbaatsugtige wyse beywer om sy voormalige kollegas, wat by amnestieverhore betrokke was, by te staan. Hy en brig. Christo Davidson het met groot moeite en ywer inligting en besonderhede ingesamel wat in ‘n verslag vervat is wat ‘n volledige oorsig van die rewolusionêre aanslag teen Suid-Afrika gegee het. Die verslag is deur genl.-maj. Stadler geredigeer en is in boekvorm onder die titel “The other side of the story” uitgegee. Tydens die amnestie verhore voor die Waarheidskommissie het hulle gehelp om ‘n verslag vir genl. Johan van der Merwe voor te berei wie tydens die verhoor getuienis gelewer het oor die destydse rewolusionêre aanslag teen die republiek en die uitdagings waarmee die veiligheidstak van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie te kampe gehad het. Hierdie verslae is daarna by alle amnestieverhore van lede van die veiligheidstak ingelewer om as agtergrond te dien vir die moeilike taak waarmee die veiligheidstak belas was. Kol. Taylor was altyd ‘n steunpilaar wat alles veil vir sy taak gehad het. Hy het oor ‘n omvattende en in-diepte kennis van die rewolusionêre aanslag en veiligheids-aangeleenthede beskik en was inderdaad ‘n aanwins vir die Veiligheidstak. Ons salueer graag ‘n baie lojale lid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiemag wie deur dik en dun by sy kollegas gestaan het.

Uit die anale van die WVK: SOE-Medalje toegeken aan Jimmy Taylor TRC Final Report PAGE NUMBER (ORIGINAL) 157 PARAGRAPH NUMBERS 477 to 492 VOLUME 2 CHAPTER 2 SUBSECTION 43 479 Casselton and Klue played a prominent role in the most audacious of these sabotage operations, namely the attack on the ANC’s London mission on 14 March 1982. The then head of the Security Branch, General Johan Coetzee, has submitted an amnesty application for his planning role in the operation. The Commission has also received applications from the team of security police operatives assembled for the attack – Craig Williamson, Eugene de Kock, Major John Adam, Jerry Raven, ‘Vic’ McPherson and Captain Jimmy Taylor. In his application, Coetzee states that the instruction to undertake the operation came from the then Minister of Law and Order, Louis le Grange, and was undertaken in reprisal for the involvement of British subjects in the ANC rocket attack on the Voortrekkerhoogte military base near Pretoria in 1981.

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480 The task of assembling the team was assigned to Colonel Piet Goosen, then head of section G (foreign intelligence) of the Security Branch. The plastic explosive components for the bomb were developed by Jerry Raven of the police technical division and shipped to London in a diplomatic bag. These parts were collected and delivered by Klue, then a military attaché at the South African Embassy in London, to Casselton’s home, where Raven assembled the bomb. 481 The false documentation for the detonation team was prepared by a section G member who has not applied for amnesty and cannot therefore be named; nor can the member of the police forensic laboratory who prepared vials of nerve gas. According to one of the operatives, the gas was for “added protection for the team”. The use of the diplomatic bag was a violation of international conventions in regard to diplomatic conduct between nations. At his appearance before the Commission, former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pik Botha, denied any prior knowledge of the use of the bag. 482 The ANC office was empty at the time of the explosion; only the caretaker of the building was slightly injured. Both the AAM’s former chair, Lord Hughes (in his appearance before the Commission) and its executive secretary, Mr Mike Terry (in a discussion with the Commission) raised the possibility that the operation may have been an assassination attempt on the life of the ANC president, Mr Oliver Tambo. They point to the fact that the operation coincided with a large international anti-apartheid demonstration in London that weekend. The gathering and Tambo’s participation in it, they claim, had been widely publicised. They also point to the timing of the blast (09h00) and the fact that it was well known that Tambo tended to hold early morning meetings at the ANC office when in London. 483 After the operation, each of the participants was decorated with the Police Star for Excellent Service (SOE) at a ceremony in Minister le Grange’s office, attended by General Coetzee and the then SAP commissioner, General Mike Geldenhuys. THE COMMISSION FINDS THAT THE OPERATION AGAINST THE ANC DIPLOMATIC

MISSION IN LONDON WAS AUTHORISED BY THE SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT AT THE

HIGHEST LEVEL AND THAT THE PRIME MINISTER, MR PW BOTHA, AND THE MINISTER OF

LAW AND ORDER, MR LOUIS LE GRANGE, ARE DEEMED TO BE DIRECTLY

ACCOUNTABLE. THE RAID WAS UNDERTAKEN IN VIOLATION OF THE TERRITORIAL

SOVEREIGNTY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND WAS ALSO A VIOLATION OF

INTERNATIONAL LAW IN TERMS OF ARTICLE 27, PARAGRAPH IV OF THE 1961 VIENNA

CONVENTION ON DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS IN REGARD TO THE USE OF THE DIPLOMATIC

BAG.

[ http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter2/subsection43.htm ]

Wyle AO ‘Spyker’ van Wyk: Veiligheidstak: Westelike Provinsie Mnr. Jeremy Cronin word in die volgende berig soos volg aangehaal:

Jeremy Cronin: No excuse for Zille's hatchet-job analysis of state capture 05:00 14/08/2019 Jeremy Cronin It's naïve to simplistically divide the ANC into "good guys" and "bad guys". Things are much more complex than that, writes Jeremy Cronin.

The late security branch warrant-officer "Spyker" van Wyk was a psychopath of note. Like Julius

Malema who seems to have similar pathological skills, he would change persona in a flash. In Van

http://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter2/subsection43.htm

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Wyk's case, the sudden switches were not the good-cop, bad-cop routine. He would go from bad

to very bad.

Back in 1976 I had the unhappy experience of being driven in leg-irons from Cape Town to the

security branch head-office in Pretoria along with the self-same Van Wyk and two of his

accomplices. In between boasting, for my edification, about how they had "dealt with" Imam

Haron, murdered while in custody in 1969, there was a memorable discussion amongst

themselves about Marxism-Leninism. I gathered that the two were preparing for the security police

exam on "communism", Van Wyk who had just written and scored, as I recall, six out of ten, was

their coach……”

https://www.news24.com/Columnists/JeremyCronin/jeremy-cronin-no-excuse-for-zilles-hatchet-

job-analysis-of-state-capture-20190814

• Is daar iemand wat Spyker van Wyk geken het? Is hierdie berig juis? – HBH.

Kol. Eugene de Kock: Kapt. Barry Taylor

Rundu 1978 AO de Kock. Barry skryf: “Hier is ŉ foto van hom waar ek saam met hom in die bos was in 1978 en vir twee weke met die ou Ford Bakkie daar rondgery het in die Caprivi.”

https://www.news24.com/Columnists/JeremyCronin/jeremy-cronin-no-excuse-for-zilles-hatchet-job-analysis-of-state-capture-20190814

https://www.news24.com/Columnists/JeremyCronin/jeremy-cronin-no-excuse-for-zilles-hatchet-job-analysis-of-state-capture-20190814

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1993: ABS: Die Burger: Brig. SJ Bouwer

Brig. Bouwer skryf “Ek kry hierdie nou op ABS-ISD3 blad:

Kaapstad. Al die aanklagkantore in die swart woonbuurte is baie bedrywig en daagliks vol mense wat sake aanmeld en die hulp van die Polisie soek. Dit is 'n teken dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die swart gemeenskappe vertroue in die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie het en ons daar wil hê. Só sê kol. S.J. (Fanie) Bouwer, nuwe bevelvoerder van die Afdeling Binnelandse Stabiliteit (ABS) in Wes-Kaapland, 'n man wat van kindsbeen 'n noue verbintenis het met swart mense, in die besonder Xhosasprekendes. As plaaskind wat naby Ugie aan die Transkeise grens grootgeword het, het hy saam met sy swart maats in die Wildebeesrivier en plaasdamme geswem en donkie gery. Hy kén en verstaan die Xhosa en sy kultuur en praat die taal vlot, wat hom vandag in sy taak as die bevelvoerder van 'n belangrike vertakking van die SAP grootliks help. Die polisie-loopbaan van kol. Bouwer, wat begin verlede maand kol. Dolf Odendal as bevelvoerder van die ABS in Wes-Kaapland opgevolg het, het 25 jaar gelede in Umtata begin waar hy hom by die SAP aangesluit het. Hy was vervolgens op verskeie plekke in Transkei gestasioneer, onder meer op Idutywa waar hy sy vrou, Elizabeth, 'n nooi Maritz van Nuweland, Kaapstad leer ken het. Skakelman Kol. Bouwer is ook 'n ou bekende in die Skiereiland en Boland, aangesien hy etlike jare op Stellenbosch en Robertson diens gedoen het. Hy was ook in Woodstock en daarna Khayelitsha gestasioneer. In Khayelitsha is hy verder vir sy huidige taak geslyp. Hy was as 't ware skakelman tussen die leiers in die swart woongebiede en die streekkommissaris. Kol. Bouwer sê daar bestaan ongelukkig 'n persepsie dat die lede van die ABS-polisiemanne is wat maklik oorgaan tot geweld en dat hulle geen respek en agting vir die swart mense in die townships het nie. ``Niks kan verder van die waarheid wees nie. Ek is werklik geïmponeer deur die mooi gesindheid van my peloton-bevelvoerders en die manskappe in die algemeen. Ons wil graag met die gemeenskap saamwerk tot voordeel van almal en ons sou graag die geleentheid wil hê om ons gesindheid te bewys.'' Kol. Bouwer het 'n beroep gedoen op die leiers in die swart gemeenskappe om nie onnodig kritiek op die Polisie te lewer terwyl hulle hul werk doen nie. ``Die manne is professioneel. Hulle is goed opgelei in skare- en onrusbeheer en die bekamping van geweld,'' sê hy. Maar sy eintlike taak is die bestryding van misdaad en hy sou hom heeltyds daarop wou toespits. http://152.111.1.87/…/berigte/dieburger/1993/08/23/7/16.html”””

1978: Dossierinspeksie: Brig. SJ Bouwer

In 1978 kom die afdelingspeuroffisier ene kolonel Van Der Vyver by my stasie aan.

Onder ander vra hy ook vir 'n sekere maand se bundel reeds afgehandelde dossiere. En hy begin hulle een vir een deurlees.

Ek vra hom die doel van dié oefening? Hy sê toe aan my dat hy dit net 'n fyn kammetjie deurgaan omdat hy wil kyk of alle opdragte ens. omtrent die dossiere wel nagekom is. Hy verwys toe na óf die sake wat as ongegrond, onopgespoor, teruggetrek wel voor-af deeglik ondersoek was en dat alle verklarings geneem was, ens.

Dan, sê hy toe verder, dat hy ook kyk of 24-uur inspeksie, ander gereelde tussenpose-inspeksies gedoen is en of daar 'n 'gereed-vir-verhoor' verklaring (inskrywing) deur die bevelvoerder in die ondersoekdagboek gemaak was alvorens die saak na die aanklaer vir verhoor gestuur was.

Ek wonder wat sulke soort van inspeksies deur 'n kundige, ervare ondersoeker deesdae sal oplewer? Ekself sou nie omgee om so iets te doen nie. Iets sê my dit sal baie ... kom ons noem dit maar 'interessanthede', oplewer.

• Die “ou manne” wonder of die gebruike vandag nog gedoen word – HBH?

3 ABS - Afdeling Binnelandse Stabiliteit | ISU – Internal Stability Unit – HBH.

https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2F152.111.1.87%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3c5Na_PuikS8D_Kvg4qXsytM2vbJuX8nJBXOP6AWri14jQEyKMBX83xQY&h=AT2zrLp4KNs2XJCh5htKjjQbOlmcPs49fOhI0KmTBZjMAh9xtRUJZG4_O6khe0fstdU5W5M55AqP3tBdr01BUMdDtWEdk55kW-9VObElpF-15BV42SVqdG89QgmEX_fyRZ6bi60WPWg8aXIuev50aP7Poz6uBl3c

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Zarp’e: Leon Bezuidenhout

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Pretoria Police Constable, P Flynne. (Nico Moolman and Colouring by Jennifer Bosch

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Durban Borough Police | Durban Gemeentelike Politie

Twee Zulu-konstabels voor en ‘n lid met wit helm agter hulle.

Bluff Water Police

Foto is op Facebook geplaas en ons het dit geëien as die Water Polisie

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Wet en orde: Pretoria: Julie/Augustus 2019: Glenn Elsden

Busse en vuilis het die strate versper.

Streets were blocked by buses sand refuse.

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SAPS Brapan (sic)

Die Afrikaner Broederbond: Lt.genl. A v H Beukes

Ons staan op die punt om of 'n groot volk te word, of om op te hou as 'n volk te bestaan. Laat ons dus werk terwyl dit dag is. Laat ons ons volk opbou - Christiaan de Wet4 Afrikaners...ordentlike mense wat mislei is deur hul leiers - Nelson Mandela5 Ons het 'n afstootlike eksklusiwiteit vertroetel wat in apartheid sy hoogtepunt bereik het. Hoewel daar "versagtende omstandighede" was, het die eksklusiwiteit ontaard in 'n gees van toe-eiening waaraan ons godsdienstige sanksie gegee het. Ons het "heilige name" aan die eksklusiwiteit gegee en die ergste is dat ons dit geglo het. In plaas van onsself te bemagtig, het die eksklusiwiteit ons stap vir stap ontmagtig - Willem de Klerk6 Jy kan jouself verstrengel deur voor jouself te kniel. Try maar, en kyk in watter knoop jy beland - Marthinus Versfeld7 Afrikaans het die definiërende eienskap geword vir 'n nasionalisme wat die grootste gedeelte van die bevolking ken veral weens sy arrogansie en wreedheid - Jakes Gerwel8 ...in hierdie afrekening van Afrika en Afrikaner met mekaar, wat gaan van Afrikaans word? Sal Afrikaans die Afrikanerryk oorleef? - Jakes Gerwel9 Dit is net 'n dwaas of 'n filoloog wat Afrikaans sou wou bespreek sonder om ook aan Afrikaner-nasionalisme te dink - Alan Paton10

4 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 5 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 6 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 7 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 8 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 9 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 10 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html

https://www.andiquote.co.za/outeurs/Marthinus_Versfeld.html

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"Ek is 'n Afrikaner!" So staan Hollanders, Duitsers en Franse saam met die hiergeborenes onder daardie naam. - D.J. Opperman11 Afrikaans is een van Suid-Afrika se trotsste veelrassige prestasies - Jan Rabie12 Die Afrikaners moes apartheid probeer om uit te vind dat dit nie werk nie - Piet Cillié13 ( Stellenbosch, 1982) Afrikaners is hier nie weg te wens nie, en hoe meer daar taalmatig oor hulle gerol word, hoe stywer gaan hul rug word. Die korrekte benadering is tog sekerlik dat hulle ingenooi word om hul kundigheid tot die beskikking te stel van ons demokrasie, ook ter wille van die land se kommersiële opbou - Ton Vosloo14 Dit is verskriklik belangrik dat ons altyd daardie reg voorbehou dat ons van mekaar moet, mag en kan verskil. Ons is nie hier om eensgesind te wees nie. Dit is stimulerend en dit is die dinge wat Afrikaans sal laat oorleef, as ons kan leer om te ontleer die ou kodes dat jy nie eintlik jou mond of jou bek te veel mag oopmaak nie - Ton Vosloo15 Ons moet 'n beleid volg en 'n praktyk uitwerk wat die gemeenskaplike in ons samelewing bevorder en beskerm, en terselfdertyd dit wat waardevol is in ons diversiteit eerbiedig....'n "Gariep" -nasie dus, waar die systrome in die hoofstroom saamvloei sonder dat dit ooit deur 'n kommunistiese oorstroming van een of ander stroom oorspoel en uitgewis word...As ons nie in Suid-Afrika 'n kultuur sonder grense kan bevorder nie, dan gaan ons eenvoudig die loopgrawe van toekomstige etniese oorloë verdiep - Neville Alexander16 Afrikaners het 'n spesifieke kultuur, een waarvan die essensie vir dekades en langer een van onverdraagsaamheid was, en hoofsaaklik nog steeds is. Of 'n Afrikaner in die PAC of in die AWB is, hy is basies onverdraagsaam. Die onverdraagsaamheid dra verskeie klede. Dit word veral toegedek met eufemismes soos "vryheidsdrang" "liefde vir grond", "selfregering", en seder die nuwe bedeling "'n verset teen Kommunisme". Wat dit in werklikheid is, is dat die Afrikaner nie iets met iemand wil deel nie - Antjie Krog17 Jy weet die Afrikaner het gely. Maar dieselfde Afrikaner wat gely het, het oorgeneem en het vergeet hy het gely. Hy het net homself gesien - Olga Sema18 Maar net so seker as wat die Afrikanervolk 'n volk van bevryding is, so seker is hy ook 'n volk van onderdrukking - Johan Degenaar19 Die Afrikaner het 'n neiging om simboolblind te wees. En 'n voorliefde om die verlede voort te sit - Willem de Klerk20

11 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 12 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 13 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 14 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 15 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 16 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 17 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 18 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 19 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 20 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html











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Aanvanklik was die Vrymesselaars getalle gewys prominent in die weermag, polisie en

staatsdiens verteenwoordig. Na afloop van die tweede wêreldoorlog en met die oorwinning van die

NP in 1948 het die invloed van die Vrymesselaars landwyd stadig begin taan. Die Afrikaner

Broederbond (AB) se ondersteuning het veral in die kabinet, parlement en ook in die staatsdiens

en in die ontwakende Afrikaner ekonomie soos vergestalt in mynbou, handel, nywerheid, banke en

versekering, geestelike en opvoedkundige terrein eksponensieel toegeneem.

Wat die harte van die koloniste die meeste verbitter het, was die koue onverskilligheid waarmee

hulle behandel is en die bewustheid dat hulle as 'n mindere ras beskou was - Olive Schreiner21

Om te oorleef moes die verarmde Afrikaner, na die Anglo Boere-oorlog (1899 – 1902) met die

Engelssprekende omgewing wat handelsbanke, mynbou en industrieë waaronder bv. die Anglo

American’s en multi-nasionale korporasies van die wêreld meeding. (Weer is ‘n sirkel voltooi – die

Afrikaner is vandag weer by dieselfde posisie.) In die Kaapkolonie, wat nie deur die Anglo-Boere-

oorlog getref was nie, het media instansies soos die Nasionale Pers (Die Burger, die Huisgenoot,

die Jongspan asook die Landbouweekblad) terwyl die landbou floreer het met wol, volstruisvere

en die KWV as die toppunt van uitvoer wyne en KWV-brandewyn. Afrikaanse ondernemings soos

Federale Mynbou, Volkskas, Sanlam, Santam, Avbob en Uniewinkels is begin met dr. AD

Wassenaar, mnr. JJ Bosman van Volkskas-faam en dr. Anton Rupert met sy Rembrandt van Rijn-

sigarette. Dr. Rupert was seker die grootste Afrikaner filantroop.

Briljante Afrikaner wetenskaplikes soos dr. Hendrik van der Bijl (foto)22 het met behulp en steun

van veldmaarskalk JC Smuts23 die grondslag vir reuse projekte, soos Eskom, Yskor, Amcor, Vecor

en ook die ontwikkeling van Vanderbijlpark binne die Pretoria-Witwatersrand- Vereeniging, gelê

het.

“One of the principle authors of the Electricity Act was a certain Dr

Hendrik Johannes van der Bijl, a brilliant young research scientist

whom the Smuts government had appointed to advise them on

industrial development. It was van der Bijl’s vision that South Africa

should take its rightful place among the world’s leading industrialised

nations by

1) setting up a reliable, low-cost electricity power supply, and

2) establishing an iron and steel industry. It was partly thanks to his

farsighted vision that the Government Gazette of 6 March 1923

announced the establishment of the Electricity Supply Commission

(ESCOM), effective from 1 March 1923. Dr Van der Bijl’s passion for

industrialisation was given free expression as he took up the reins as ESCOM’s first

chairman. This great South African industrialist laid out exactly what he had in mind for his new-

born infant.

“There lies before the Electricity Supply Commission a great task and a great opportunity. It will

be our endeavour to play our part not as those who follow where others lead, but as pioneers; to

21 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 22 http://www.eskom.co.za/sites/heritage/Pages/Dr-Hendrik-van-der-Bijl-12.aspx 23 Veldmaarskalk Smuts was in die eerste plek ‘n wêreld-burger en nie so seer ‘n Afrikaner-nasionalis nie.


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foresee the needs of a country fast developing, and by wise anticipation be ever ready to provide

power without profit, wherever it may be required.” (Dr van der Bijl)”

24

Twee pionier Afrikaner wetenskaplikes, mnr. PN Lategan en dr. Etienne Rousseau, was

gedurende die 1950’s die grondleggers van Sasol, waar olie uit laegraadse steenkool vervaardig

word. Vandag het ons benewens Sasolburg, ook Secunda en ander Sasol-raffinaderye naby die

verskillende steenkoolvelde. Vandag is Sasol ‘n internasionale onderneming wat op verskeie

buitelandse beurse genoteer is.

Voorts het Afrikaner-breinkrag ook ‘n geweldige rol in die breë ontwikkeling van ons noodsaaklike

kernkrag (bv. dr. Ampie Roux en dr. Willie Grant van Pelindaba- en Valindaba-faam) en in ons

militêre-industriële kompleks gespeel. Ook dr. Meiring Naude het ‘n groot rol gespeel om die

WNNR tot stand te bring. Die SA Buro vir Standaarde is in 1945 deur die Smuts-regering geloods.

Afrikaners het hier ook ‘n groot rol gespeel. Selfs wat mediese navorsing en veeartseny

baanbrekers betref, het die Afrikaner waaronder die wêreldbekende dr. Chris Barnard, wat

internasionale standaarde en deurbrake betref, bygehou het en nie ‘n tree vir ander agter

uitgestaan nie. Onderstepoort se navorsing en sy wêreldbekende entstof produksie was van

wêreld gehalte. Selfs vandag word top-akademiese studente van oor die hele wêreld streng

gekeur om aan Onderstepoort te studeer en kritieke navorsing te doen.

Die myne is ons volk se grootste vyand...Vandat hulle geopen is, het "Yes" en "No" in die land gekom, en vandat "Yes" en "No" in die land gekom het, het ons al die sonde. Duisende jong Afrikaners se lewe is vandag verrinneweer... Jochem van Bruggen25

Die slagveld is verskuiwe. U Bloedrivier lê in die stad...Die Afrikanerdom (is) weer op trek, op sy nuwe Groot Trek...sy nuwe Groter Trek. Dis nie soos 'n honderd jaar gelede 'n trek weg van die middelpunte van die beskawing af nie, maar 'n trek terug - terug van die platteland na die stad - D.F. Malan26

Daardie stryd van die Afrikaner, ook as arbeider op die paaie, spoorweë, fabrieke en die myne van

Suid-Afrika, het werklik “murg in sy pype” te weggebring en ook sy algemene selfvertroue ‘n

broodnodige hupstoot gegee. Daar is hard gewerk om die negatiewe beeld van die Afrikaner soos

vergestalt in “Ampie” (as natuurkind) of “Bart Nel” (as hardkoppige rebel) onderskeidelik

uitgebeeld deur Jochem van Bruggen en J van Melle, te verander. Die Afrikaner het aanvanklik die

laer poste in die mynbou, staatsdiens en polisie beklee. In die vooroorlogse polisie (pre-1938) was

meeste offisiere en speurders Engelssprekend en Engels die enigste voertaal in die polisie en

howe. Die status van die Afrikaner polisieman in uniform is deur die Engelse publiek bv. in Natal

as minderwaardig beskou en is die beampte dikwels versoek om by die agterdeur te rapporteer:

24 http://www.eskom.co.za/sites/heritage/Pages/1923.aspx (14 Augustus 2019) 25 http://www.andiquote.co.za/outeurs/Jochem_van_Bruggen.html 26 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html

http://www.eskom.co.za/sites/heritage/Pages/1923.aspx

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Voorwaar ‘n vernederende toedrag van sake! Vandag is nog ‘n sirkel voltooi: Engels is weer die

amptelike voertaal in die polisie en staatsdiens.

Engels! Engels! Alles Engels! Engels wat jy sien en hoor; In ons skole, in ons kerke word ons moedertaal vermoor ~ C.P. Hoogenhout27

Die eksklusiwiteit en prestige van Afrikaanse universiteite is vandag iets van die verlede – daar is

tans net ‘n paar spogskole oor, waar Afrikaans die voertaal is. Afrikaans is ‘n moderne wêreldtaal

met meer as 10 miljoen mense wat dit verstaan. Afrikaans is ook ‘n wetenskap- en tegniese taal.

Weereens, word die Afrikaner opgeroep om sy taal en kultuurgoedere te beskerm en teen

belaglike rassistiese aanslae te bewaar.

Afrikaans-wees is meer as kerkbasaars, geloftedagvieringe, sustersverenigings, Broederbond en Rapportryers, Bles Bridges, die dominee en die skoolhoof. Jy kan Boheems in Afrikaans wees, jy kan 'n wêreldburger of 'n kommunis of 'n sosialis of 'n Katoliek of 'n Hare Krishna wees - jy kan wees net wat jy wil en nog Afrikaans wees. En jy kan baie beslis 'n demokraat en Afrikaans wees - Max du Preez28

Die rol van die NG Kerk in Suid-Afrika het van krag tot krag gegaan en was deur sekere

meningvormers as die “NP op sy knieë” beskryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse kerklike sirkels is vandag

ook besig om te verander. Kerk-eenheid, onder die Afrikaanse kerke, is vandag ‘n reële

werklikheid. Die gesprek en finale besluit oor die aanvaarding van die omstrede Belhar-belydenis

is ‘n volgende hekkie wat die Afrikaanse kerke sal moet aandurf.

Die sport-portefeulje is ook ‘n aspek wat deur die Nasionale Party en die AB in tandem bedryf

was. Die Afrikaner het stadig wegbeweeg van volksbyeenkomste na sy weeklikse familie besoek

aan die rugbystadions van die land. Hier op paviljoene van die RSA het die Oupa’s en hul kinders

gebind. Die Afrikaner se fanatiese ondersteuning van die rugby Springbokke en die groot stryd

tussen “noord” en “suid” het tot gevolg gehad dat rugbypraatjies voorkeur geniet by die informele

gesprekke by die werk om die teetafel.

Lord Peter Hain, oud-Pretorianer en destyds verbonde aan die Liberale Party se Pretoria-tak, het

die Afrikaner korrek beoordeel en veral rugby as die Afrikaner se Achilles-hiel uitgesonder. Hy het

reeds in dr. Verwoerd se tyd met boikotte internasionaal gestreef om die RSA op sportgebied te

isoleer. Die Alliansie het ook besef dat rugby per se deur die Afrikaner verafgod word en dat hul

bande met die anti-RSA sport instansies, soos bv. SANROC, met die nodige haas verstewig moes

word. Die slagkreet: “No normal sport in an abnormal society!” was aan die orde van die dag.

Na die onderhandelinge van die 1990’s het sport in die RSA stadig maar seker begin

genormaliseer maar die Mandela-regering het die houvas wat die Afrikaner (Louis Luyt) op rugby

gehad het, geleidelik verbreek. Een van die nadraaie tov rugby is: Getalle toeskouers het

geleidelik begin taan. Weereens is ‘n samebindende sport soos rugby weer verpolitiseer.

Gedurende die laat 1980’s, tydens die PW Botha-era, het die AB saam met talle Afrikaners per se

op talle terreine sekere “hoogtepunte” bereik wat ‘n onnatuurlike gemaksone te weggebring het;

wat ook hul intellektuele ontwikkeling gestriem het. Terugskouend was hierdie tydperk tot nadeel

27 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html 28 https://www.andiquote.co.za/onderwerpe/Afrika_Afrikaner_en_Afrikaans.html



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van die Afrikaner se ontwikkeling om by ‘n snel veranderde Suid-Afrika te probeer aanpas. Meeste

lede van die kabinet, NP-lede van die parlement, asook duisende lede van die staatsdiens was

lede van die AB. Alle lede van die AB was sonder uitsondering NP-lede. Die appelkar was destyds

ietwat wankelrig toe dr. Albert Hertzog en later dr. AP Treurnicht, beide politici met uitstekende

vermoëns, elk met die ondersteuning van ‘n paar duisend geesgenote besluit het om die NP-skip

te verlaat en ook sekere onmoontlike doelstellings te probeer bereik.

Oor die jare heen is daar reeds periodiek oor die AB geskryf en baie bespiegel. Sommige artikels

was opbouend; ander artikels was weer baie vyandig. Snedige opmerkings en innuendo’s is

onverdiend rond geslinger. Tydens my loopbaan by die veiligheidstak is daar vanselfsprekend

informeel oor politieke, kerklike en ander organisasies gesprek gevoer en het ek ook kennis van

instansies soos die Vrymesselaars (ook bekend as die Bokryers en die “Jockey Club”) geneem.

My standpunt was altyd om nooit toe te laat, dat enige bande met enige instansie met inbegrip van

kerkverband, my benadering tot kollegas of die werksaamhede van die veiligheidstak of die polisie

per se, op enige wyse te beïnvloed nie. Ek het universele beginsels soos die van vryheid van

spraak, geloof, assosiasie en beweging altyd uitgeleef en dieselfde benadering van al my

kollegas, ongeag ras of geloofsoortuiging, vereis.

Toe ek as AB-lid die onderneming afgelê het, het ek die rang van brigadier beklee. In my loopbaan

was ek verskeie kere deur kollegas en kennisse, in persoonlike gesprekke, afgevra waarom ek nie

lid van die AB is nie. As gevolg hiervan het ek toe informeel navraag gedoen en is toe eventueel

deur ‘n senior kollega meegedeel dat die aanstellings van veiligheidstaklede en ander SAP-lede

deur die kantoor van die hoofkapelaan van die polisie gesif word. Ek is toe ook meegedeel dat die

aanstelling van veiligheidstaklede met ‘n groter mate van omsigtigheid benader was. Vandaar die

feit dat ek eers na 25 jaar diens meegedeel is dat my aanstelling as AB-lid uiteindelik goedgekeur

is.

In teenstelling met die Vrymesselaars kan mens nie ‘n AB-lid word uit eie keuse nie. Jy word

streng volgens ‘n nasionale proses gekeur, d.w.s. jou persoonlike besonderhede word ook

landswyd aan die verskillende AB-takke gesirkuleer. Al die takke moet jou nominasie goedkeur.

Een negatiewe aanbeveling is genoeg om ‘n lid se nominasie te negeer. Hierdie nominasie word

dan oorgehou en na ‘n jaar of twee weer oorweeg en weer vir oorweging en kennisname

nasionaal aan al die takke gesirkuleer.

Soos te verstane het mnr. FW de Klerk se 2 Februarie 1990-toespraak ook daartoe bygedra dat

strukturele leemtes en gebreke geleidelik binne AB-geledere ontstaan het. Hierin was die AB (as

verteenwoordigend van die sogenaamde “Super Afrikaners”) nie alleen nie, ook by die gewone

Afrikaner in die algemeen, het ‘n nasionale tipe van skuldgevoel ontstaan.

Die dekades lange onverbiddelike, onmenslike, onaanvaarbare reëls en regulasies wat miljoene

Suid-Afrikaners uitgesluit het van die totale demokratiese proses, het veral gedurende die laat

1980’s swaarder op die Christelike en sosiale gewete van die Afrikanervolk begin rus. Die duur,

uitmergelende, militêre verpligtinge om SWA ingevolge Resolusie 435 na onafhanklikheid te

bestuur, saamlopend met die veel dimensionele rewolusionêre aanslag Binnelands was die stryd

onder die vaandel van die breë UDF wat die land feitlik oornag lam kon lê. Hiermee saam was ons

in ‘n lae intensiteit gewapende konflik betrokke. Jaarliks was daar honderde sabotasie en

terreurvoorvalle. Gelukkig kon Suid-Afrika op ‘n goeie polisiemag staatmaak wat saam met die

SAW die deksel op die drukpot kon hou. (Maar nie vir ewig nie.)

74

Die Afrikaner het eniger mate tot “besinning” gekom. Reeds in 1985 het die voorsitter van die AB,

prof. JP de Lange, in New York met die ANC samesprekings gevoer wat die binnelandse

hervormingsproses aangevoer het. [“On 8 June 1986 JP de Lange, the then chairman met Thabo

Mbeki in New York for a five-hour meeting. It was a meeting held at a conference organised by the

Ford Foundation29. The meeting was just between de Lange and Mbeki, but at the conference

other ANC members Mac Maharaj,30 Seretse Choabi,31 Charles Villa-Vicencio,32 and Peggy

Dulany33 were present.”]34

Ook was die land feitlik bankrot, aldus die voorlegging wat die minister van finansies, mnr. Barend

du Plessis, aan sy nuwe staatshoof in die persoon van mnr. FW de Klerk gemaak het. Die

internasionale isolasie van Suid-Afrika het deurentyd meer effektief geraak: Biljoene Rand is deur

buitelandse instansies, veral sogenaamde Ivy League-universiteitsbeleggings uit die RSA-

ekonomie onttrek. Dit is duidelik dat internasionale geldmag sy rol gespeel het om Suid-Afrika te

dwing om te hervorm. Prof. De Lange se samesprekings in New York is deur familie van die

Rockefellers bygewoon, terwyl die Ford-stigting die byeenkoms gefasiliteer het. Hier is dit duidelik

dat beide die PW Botha- en FW de Klerk-regerings geleidelik “afgepers” is om te hervorm. Beide

staatshoofde was gedwing om Russiese roulette te speel. Die wêreld het geweet dat die Afrikaner

tot die bitter einde toe sou veg, daarom is daar van die “indirekte strategie” gebruik gemaak: Dit

was om die finansiële krane toe te draai.

Washington en Londen het Suid-Afrika, ondanks die RSA se binnelandse beleid, as bondgenoot

beskou. Beide het daarom gepoog om die geantisipeerde en verlangde, onvermydelike,

verandering met so min as moontlik skade en ontwrigting te manipuleer: Heeltyd met Amerikaanse

en Britse belange en beleggings voor op gestel. (Hulle wou ook vir Moskou en Beijing voorspring

en neutraliseer deur die RSA in die “westerse kamp” te hou. Vandag is die RSA lid van die

sogenaamde BRICS-lande.35 Vandag is Washington en Londen beslis nie beïndruk met die RSA

se BRICS-lidmaatskap nie. Vandag steun die RSA eerder die Palestyne as die Israeli’s.)

As senior Afrikaner polisie-offisier wat vir dekades lank aan die rewolusionêre omgewing van die

SAKP/ANC/Alliansie blootgestel was, daar net een logiese aanvaarbare oplossing: “Een Man;

Een Stem.” Hierdie logiese alternatief sou m.i. groot paradigma skuiwe van my Volksgenote vereis

en verg. Dit was die gehalte van ons “kopwerk” wat bepaal het dat ons oorleef het, sonder om in ‘n

bloedige stryd gewikkel te raak. Ons kon eenvoudig nie meer met die hart dink nie! Platskiet,

aanhouding sonder verhoor, noodtoestande en ander ondemokratiese opsies, het Vader sy dank,

outomaties uit die stelsel verdwyn.

29 The Ford Foundation is an American private foundation with the mission of advancing human welfare - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Foundation (26 Augustus 2019) 30 Van “Operasie Vula”-faam. 31 ANC amptenaar – reds oorlede in 1991 - https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/death-anc-education-secretary-seretse-choabi-29-august-1991 - (26 Augustus 2019) 32 “Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Cape Town. He is also a Visiting research professor at Georgetown University. He was a director of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission which organised the public hearings on the atrocities committed during apartheid” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Villa-Vicencio (26 Augustus 2019) 33 Amerikaanse filantroop met Rockefeller-familiebande - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Dulany (26 Augustus 2019) 34 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond wat Savage, M. "A chronology of meetings between South Africans and the ANC in exile 1983-2000". SAHO. Retrieved 31 August 2018, aangehaal (26 Augustus 2019). 35 BRICS = Brasilië, Rusland, Indië, China en Suid-Afrika.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Foundation

https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/death-anc-education-secretary-seretse-choabi-29-august-1991%20%20%20-%20(26

https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/death-anc-education-secretary-seretse-choabi-29-august-1991%20%20%20-%20(26

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Villa-Vicencio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Dulany

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaner_Broederbond

75

Die AB het sover ek kan onthou ons nooit voorberei op die drastiese veranderings wat op 2

Februarie 1990 sou volg nie. Ek het my eie Damaskus-ervaring beleef toe ek die werklikheid eers

tydens die onderhandelingsproses vierkantig in die gesig gestaar het. Ek het gesidder! Die

Voorsienigheid het ingetree en gesonde verstand het geseëvier.

Ook het die AB geleidelik grootliks vanweë die sisteem waarvolgens hul lede kon aanstel of afkeur

het, my onwillekeurig gebring na ‘n verskynsel in Afrikanergeledere soos ‘n eie aardkors

verswakking, amper iets soos die “San-Andreas-breuk” in Kalifornië wat reeds sedert 1895 etlike

miljoen Amerikaners wat in San Francisco woonagtig is, bedreig. Ons eie Afrikaner se San-

Andreas-breuk het meeste inwoners van die RSA staatkundig en sielkundig bedreig. Gode sy

dank het ons nooit ‘n politieke “aardbewing” ervaar nie.

Natuurlik was daar nepotisme binne eie geledere, ook in die groter polisiemag. Geen volk of

organisasie soos die SA Polisie, SA Weermag of algemene staatsdiens kan hieraan ontkom nie.

Dit is maar hoe die mensdom wêreldwyd funksioneer, ongeag die getalle of grootte van ‘n

organisasie soos bv. die AB.

My standpunt word ook ondersteun deur die bekende historikus, prof. Herman Giliomee, naamlik

dat duisende bevorderings asook aanstellings in die staatsdiens, nie suiwer op meriete, dog

eerder as gevolg van lidmaatskap tot ‘n geheime organisasie aan die orde van die dag was. Dit

was die deurslaggewende rede wat in werklikheid ten hemele geskree het.

As brigadier het ek steeds my pligte met dieselfde toewyding, erns, gemotiveerdheid en passie as

in my jong dae verrig. Ek het nooit enige onverdiende gunste of gawes a.g.v. my AB-lidmaatskap

bekom of verwag nie. Nooit het ek my AB-lidmaatskap aangewend tot eie voordeel of misbruik nie.

Toe die poste vir provinsiale kommissarisse gedurende 1994 geadverteer is, het ek soos enige

ander applikant aansoek gedoen. Ek het vir die pos in die Witwatersrand aansoek gedoen en die

pos in die Wes-Kaap bekom. Dit is my mening dat ek die pos in die Wes-Kaap bekom het vanweë

my spesiale aanvoeling, begrip en passievolle ondersteuning vir die nuwe demokratiese bestel in

die land. Die aanstelling het baie spesifieke vereistes gestel: Ons moes dringend uit ons

gemaksone kom en die polisiemag transformeer na ‘n demokratiese polisiediens. Dit het my laat

dink aan ‘n groot olietenkskip wat “donkernag in stormsee” sy rigting moes verander. Dit was “dol

en deurmekaar” tye wat ons destyds beleef het. Dikwels het ek my AB-aanstelling as die ‘n tipe

lotsbeskikking van ‘n Hoër Hand beleef. My lidmaatskap van die AB het my gemotiveer en baie

gerusstelling gegee; ook om kollegas en meningvormers meer volledig te beïnvloed deur ‘n meer

volledige prentjie aan hulle te skets. Dit het my laat dink aan Heraclitus, die Griekse filosoof, wat

gesê het in die lewe is verandering die enigste konstante faktor.

My mentor in die AB was sonder twyfel genl. Johann Coetzee, ‘n man met insig en visie vir die

toekoms van die RSA! As ek terugkyk na die top-Afrikaner- en ander Suid-Afrikaanse intelligentsia

wat oor dekades heen ‘n prominente en deurslaggewende rol in ons universele Afrikaner

geskiedenis gespeel het, kan ek nie ontken dat ek trots is op hierdie unieke verbintenis nie. Die

AB is ‘n unieke kultuur-organisasie met ‘n dinkskrum. Ook is die AB baie soos die “Sons of

England” met ‘n plaaslike party-politieke inslag wat sekere besonderhede soos ledelyste asook

persoonlike besonderhede van lidmaatskap geheim hou. Insgelyks is die Vrymesselaars ook ‘n

organisasie met sy eie mites, geheime en rituele.

76

Self het ek dit nooit ervaar dat sekere senior keur poste vir AB-lede gereserveer was nie, hoewel

ek dit nie wil ontken dat daar wel ‘n keuringsproses op potensiële kandidate uitgevoer sou kon

word nie. Sulke keuringsprosesse sou uiteraard met groot omsigtigheid hanteer moes word. Daar

was altyd media instansies wat hul bes probeer het om die mees vertroulike aard van AB-

hoofkantoor se besluitnemingsprosesse voortydig uit te snuffel, vandaar die paranoïese

beheptheid met geheimhouding in AB-geledere. Hierby ingesluit is bv. lidmaatskap,36 vergader

tye, datum en plek van AB-vergaderings asook belangrike beleidsbesluite wat soms direk sy

oorsprong by die kabinet gehad het. Reeds in 1978 het die joernalis, mnr. JHP Serfontein, daarin

geslaag om ‘n boek oor die AB te publiseer waarin hy hoogs-vertroulike inligting en ledelyste

openbaar.37

Die AB het ‘n belangrike rol in die Afrikaner se kultuur gespeel omdat die AB die leidende en

rigtinggewende organisasie was om ons Afrikaners se belange te behartig. Maar dit volg duidelik

dat sekere persone in die SAP bv. lyfwagte ook lid van AB moet wees ten einde sy BBP-

beskermings rol te kan vervul. Dit volg ook logies dat die ‘n kommissaris, of departementshoof in

die staatsdiens of jou veiligheidstakhoof verkieslik ook lid van die AB moet wees om sy vele en

wydlopende skakelpligte en voorligtings vereistes met die kabinet en die parlement na behore te

kan vergemaklik.

Oor die ganse wêreld heen behoort mense aan organisasies en bv. ridderordes vir die eenvoudige

doel om teenwoordigheid by sekere top-vergaderings te vergemaklik en te reguleer. Jan Publiek

word dan outomaties uitgeskakel hieroor en is daar dan ook gereeld ongelukkigheid. Die RSA het

oor dekades heen baie nou skakeling met Brittanje en sy statebondslande met al hul tradisies en

orders en gewoontes gehandhaaf, wat outomaties ‘n positiewe en konstruktiewe invloed op die

Afrikaner gelaat het. (Dink bv. aan lidmaatskap van die Privy Council (PC) en Orde van die

Kousband (KG)). Die AB is juis gedurende die vorige eeu gestig om na die leemtes en armoede

van ‘n verslae Afrikaner-volk om te sien en die volk op te hef. Daar kan geen kritiek teenoor die AB

se altruïstiese doelstellings ingebring word nie. Weer is ‘n sirkel voltooi: Daardie armoede en

leemte bestaan weer vandag en iemand moet dit dringend aanspreek.

In die plaaslike politieke-kulturele opset verskil die isiZulu se Inkatha Yenkululeko Yesizwe

geensins van die AB se inherente Afrikaner-gedrewe strewes nie. Eintlik behoort die twee groepe

vandag steeds die hand na mekaar uit te reik in ‘n poging om beide volke se belang in ‘n

demokratiese Suid-Afrika te verseker en te versterk. Saam kan hul ‘n bolwerk teen die alle

sosialistiese inisiatiewe wat onder die vaandel van die utopiese Vryheidsmanifes se doelwitte

gepropageer en as die evangelie aan ‘n oningeligte massa verkondig word, vorm. Gegewe die

algemene verkiesing van 2019 is nouer samewerking tussen Suid-Afrika se diverse rassegroepe

vandag, meer as ooit tevore, steeds van kardinale belang.

As veiligheidsman het ek oop oë in die AB ingestap omdat ek nog altyd my land en sy mense

gedien het. Ek het altyd wyd gelees en was ook baie bevoorreg om in die buiteland te kon gereis

het. Hier het die geleentheid opgeduik om Suid-Afrika met al sy positiewe en negatiewe faktore

aan die buiteland te meet. Na 2 Februarie 1990 met die vinnige inploffing van die vorige bestel,

wat die AB ingesluit het, het ek weereens besef dat die AB se topbestuur buite voeling was met

hul eie lede op die grond, asook met die strewes van die breë Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking.

36 Elders in die boek vermeld ek die pogings wat die media aangewend het met verdagmakery en om ‘n sinistere verband tussen myself, my AB-lidmaatskap en my diens in die veiligheidstak te skep. 37 Sien: Brotherhood of Power: An Expose of the Secret Afrikaner Broederbond, Rex Collings Ltd. London, 1979.

77

Selfs na 2 Februarie 1990 het die AB steeds gepoog om AB-lede en die publiek ‘n rat voor die oë

te draai met ondeurdagte argumente en standpunte. Hulle het voortgegaan deur ‘n drogbeeld voor

te hou wat veral deur Afrikaners geweeg en “te lig” bevind is.

Mnr. FW de Klerk was as staatshoof ook lid van die AB. Hy het m.i. spesifiek, te veel staat op ‘n

“akademiese reus” soos prof. Gerhard Viljoen gemaak, om hom met strategiese advies te bedien

tydens sy onderhandelinge met mnr. Mandela en sy deurwinterde span veterane. Prof. Viljoen

was ook verbonde aan die uitvoerende bestuur van die AB. Op daardie stadium was daar min

verskil tussen die inner-kabinet van mnr. FW de Klerk en die topbestuur van die AB. Prof. Viljoen,

op sy beurt, het egter bitter min blootstelling met die groter staatsveiligheid-opset gehad. Die

regering het onderhandel met bitter ervare en uitgeslape politieke veterane wat besef het dat hulle

naby is om sedert 1912 vir die eerste keer ‘n politieke deurbraak van epiese proporsies te maak

deur vir die eerste keer, sedert kommandeer Jan van Riebeeck, totale beheer in die land te

bekom.

Myns insiens moes mnr. De Klerk senior AB-lede, wat ook senior poste in die SAP en SAW beklee

het, vroegtydig in sy vertroue geneem het, om ‘n beter evaluasie van mnr. Mandela en sy genote

se strewes, voornemens en werklike kapasiteit te kon konseptualiseer het. Mnr. De Klerk moes die

Alliansie, met al sy vratte, gade geslaan en na waarde beoordeel het. In die profielsketse van mnr.

Mandela en sy genote, soos opgestel deur siviele amptenare, is ‘n prentjie aan mnr. De Klerk en

sy span voorgehou as sou die genote “ordentlike beskaafde” individue gewees het. Hierdie genote

was egter baie meer uitgeslape en nugter van kollektiewe politieke denke as die profielsketse

uitgemaak het.

In hierdie proses was die hoofde van NI sekerlik ook betrokke by beide voorligting aan die kabinet

se onderhandelaars en die AB se topbestuur. Dit wil voorkom of daar iewers ‘n reuse gaping

tussen die werklikheid en die gewaande waarheid was. Op die grondvlak was daar ‘n heel ander

spel aan die gang. Tydens die onderhandelingstafel was daar net een spel: Die algehele

permanente verkryging van totale mag. Dit was ongelukkig ‘n “winner takes all”-benadering.

Hierdie “beskaafde” toneel spelende akteurs om die tafel met hul mooi Carducci-snyerspakke,

modieuse dasse, witboordjie hemde, duur inglip skoene, juwele, voorliefde vir Chivas Reagal en

Mercedes Benz-voertuie het drasties van die massa op grondvlak verskil.

Die smeulende massa was effektief deur die “operateurs” in die loopgrawe wat aan “Operasie

Vula” verbonde was, gerugsteun. Intussen het die UDF en sy genote die vermoë gehad om die

land feitlik oornag lam te lê. Die Alliansie-onderhandelaars moes ook ten alle tye sorg gedra het

dat hul onderhandelings, vordering, suksesse met mnr. De Klerk en sy span asook die algemene

rigting waarheen mnr. Mandela en sy span die onderhandelinge manipuleer het, vir mnr. Mac

Maharaj, mnr. Harry Gwala en die Vula-funksionarisse aanvaarbaar was. Terugskouend was dit ‘n

besondere fyn, meedoënlose, politieke spel, gedirigeer deur Londen en Washington, wat mnr.

Mandela en kie met oorgawe en kundigheid gespeel het.

Mnr. Mandela, mnr. Maharaj en ander senior prinsipale het dekades tyd gehad om op

Robbeneiland debat te voer en hul kort-, medium- en lang termyn strategieë te verfyn en te

vervolmaak. Die leser moet ingedagte hou dat die onderhandelings met mnr. De Klerk altyd in lyn

moes wees met die oorhoofse stryd plan van die Alliansie, Operasie Vula en die UDF op

grondvlak. Die oomblik toe mnr. De Klerk om die tafel gaan sit het, was sy kanse om in hierdie

onbenydenswaardige posisie enige daadwerklike suksesse, wigte of teenwigte te onderhandel,

78

skraal en uiters beperk. Die leitmotiv en werklikheid was: Een man, een stem en dit so gou

doenlik.

‘n Voormalige amptenaar van NI het reeds in sy publikasies opgemerk dat hyself “nooit ‘n fan van

FW” was nie. (Vir ‘n senior staatsamptenaar is hierdie opmerking onvanpas en buite orde; ongeag

sy motief.) Anders as wat algemeen aanvaar en geglo is, was die samewerking tussen NI aan die

eenkant; en die polisie en weermag aan die anderkant; gebrekkig veral nadat mnr. De Klerk die

staatsveiligheidsraad en sy koördinerende strukture summier afgetakel het. Mnr. De Klerk het op

‘n “tight rope” geloop; aan die eenkant het hy homself as ‘n eerlike makelaar voorgehou met ‘n

verswakte onderbou terwyl hy tred met die werklike situasie op die grond verloor het. Ek het hom

en sy span bejammer – ek kon sien hoe afgemat hulle was.

Die AB se beleid, optrede, werkswyse – sonder enige twee-rigting verkeer – het gelei tot

grootskaalse verwarring in eie geledere. Geeneen van ons steunpilare of fondament in geheel,

kon staande bly teen interne en eksterne golwe van grootskaalse en intensiewe verset wat teen

die NP-beleid en AB met sy elitisme, opgewel het veral na 2 Februarie 1990.38

• Kommentaar deur HBH Hierdie stukkie unieke AB-geskiedenis vanuit genl. Andre Beukes se “polisie-gesigspunt” as

eerlike ooggetuie van die onderhandelinge, is aangeteken soos deur hom gedikteer, bespreek en

finaal met hom uitgeklaar. Dit sal nog ure neem om alles volledig aan te teken. Dit is sekerlik ook

nie die doel van ‘n outobiografie nie?

Ek dink egter wat belangrik is, is die feit dat die generaal by die onderhandelinge teenwoordig was

en dat ons sy herinneringe neerpen vir die nageslag. Ook dat hy die onderhandelinge van ‘n nie-

amptelike AB-gesigspunt belig. (Ons sit met wyle dr. CF Beyers Naude se boek39 en

beskrywings.)

Ons kan alleenlik vrae stel en sy antwoorde aanteken en sorg dat dit ‘n koherente geheel, van

ons geskiedenis, vorm. Uiteraard kan mnr. De Klerk of dr. Barnard of mnr. Zuma se weergawes

verskil – niemand beskryf dieselfde gebeure op presies dieselfde wyse nie! Ek dink dis belangrik

om ook die ontbinde AB se rol in die polisie en groter Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappy te belig.

Natuurlik moet ons weer so ‘n liggaam stig, om na ons intrinsieke Afrikaner-belange om te sien, en

ook met ander eweknie organisasies in Suid-Afrika te skakel met die oog op ‘n “beter” Suid-Afrika

vir almal!

• “Wees Sterk” – Goue AB-medaljon verwerf deur genl. HJ van den Bergh

38 Hierdie hoofstuk vorm deel van genl. Beukes se outobiografie – HBH. 39 My land van Hoop: Die Lewe van Beyers Naude, Human & Rousseau, 1995, Kaapstad. ISBN 079-81-3509-3.

79

Ken jou voertuie | Know your Vehicles: Lt.Col. W Marshall

86

1908: Memorial Fund: Const WC Eagle (SA Constabulary & Transvaal Police). A “First Nation” Canadian who served in our Police: A Challenge

So far, we have collected R2,600. Is there not a group of VETERANS who would like to help and run this project? Please contact: Hennie Heymans – [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol10_no_6b__const_eagle_

87

SA RAILWAYS POLICE | SA SPOORWEGPOLISIE

Genl AF Horak Ons het vandag (04-08-2019) met leedwese verneem dat genl AF Horak is oorlede.

88

Const Andre van Wyk: Craig Stuart Brown

Western Desert Staff-Sgt Hermanus van Wyk shaking his son Uncle Andre's hand last time they saw each other. Grandpa van Wyk was to die during the war and Uncle Andre was captured at Tobruk – Salute! Uncle Andre was in the Police Brigade40, I think a ‘Tiffie’, he then came home and spent his life serving in the SARP, Salute! He told me when a POW that they had a German Sgt who had served in the Great War. They taught him some English but he was actually waving at them every morning Swearing at himself they really had good humour

40 I find no trace of him in the Police Brigade. He could have been transferred to another regiment, this happened often. - HBH

89

Wedding: SAR Police: Const. Andre van Wyk: CS Brown

90

MILITARY HISTORY | KRYGSGESKIEDENIS

Polemology Polemology - did you know? Polemology41 is the multi-disciplinary study of war also known as War Studies.

John Francis MacLean: Regiment Northern Natal: Sorely missed and never forgotten: Capt Andre van Ellinckhuyzen “It has been really tuff to write something about my dad. What do you write about a man you never

had the opportunity to get to know? Where the only memories you have are the ones that belong

to others. I wish I had had the chance to get to know him, to get to know the man others have

described to me. I have been told that he was an extremely kind, honest and loving person. How

different would my life have been if he hadn’t died? I miss him, there are so many things I would

love to share with him, to be able to talk to him, to get his advice, to hear his voice. I wish I could

tell you about my dad, but like you, I rely on others to tell me about him. Daddy you are sorely

missed and never forgotten.” - The words of Yvonne Ethny MacLean.

John Francis MacLean of the Regiment Northern Natal, was born in Durban on a Tuesday the 13th of September 1955. His father was Colin Francis Maclean, and his mother was Philippina Susanna Gey van Pittius. John started his schooling career at Nardini Convent School in Vryheid, and then at Nuwe Republiek School. John went on to matriculate from the Vryheid High School at the end of 1976. John Francis MacLean was the stepson of Mr Edwin “Eddie” Lowe of Vryheid, who is still very much alive today, and in April 2019, “Uncle Eddie” turned 96 years old. Eddie Lowe was married John’s mother, Philippina when John was about eight years old. Phillipina Lowe passed away on the 22nd of February 2012 in Vryheid. John had two stepsisters who are named Desray Skinner born Lowe, and Doreen Symes born Lowe, and an own sister named Claudia Roberts born Maclean. John also had two stepbrothers who are named Anthony Lowe and David Lowe. John was the husband of “The love of his life”, Una Maclean, born van Deventer, whom he was married to in the St. Peter’s Parish in Vryheid on the 4th of February 1978. Johan and Una had a daughter named Yvonne Ethny Maclean. Yvonne currently lives in Middelburg in the Mpumalanga Province. John and Una loved the ocean, and they spent many weekends somewhere on the Natal North Coast, where John could practise another love of his own, namely fishing. After the completion of his compulsory military service, John became a member of the South African Defence Force Commando system. John was employed as a Teller at the Standard Bank

41 The analysis of human conflict and war, particularly international war - https://www.dictionary.com/browse/polemology

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/polemology

91

in Vryheid where his wife Una was once also a staff member, and at the time of his death, John was employed on a mine near Vryheid. John’s step sister, Desray Skinner wrote:

“My brother John was a very caring person. He and I were in the same class at school. John was the best man at my wedding in August 1976, and John’s best friends, when he was growing up, were Udo Pfafferot and Bernard Bruckner, who were all also from Vryheid, and they were all very close”.

John MacLean’s sister, Claudia Roberts born Maclean wrote:

The soldier who had shot and killed my brother was found guilty of Culpable Homicide, and he was sentenced, and he served only two years’ imprisonment before he was released on parole. Our father Colin Francis Maclean also saw active service during WWII as a Rifleman in North Africa as well as in Gibraltar. John was an active church member, and he served as an altar boy at the St Peters Parish in Vryheid. John was also a member of a Church youth band. He loved fishing and camping very much. John was employed as a Plant Operator at Natal Anthracite Colliery, and it was during this time that the tragic event of his untimely death had happened”.

Mr Eddie Lowe is also a South African Air Force Veteran of World War II and he served in North Africa and in Italy and during that time he was part of a team that maintained and flew Boston Bombers and Marauders. Rifleman Johan Francis MacLean died on 14 November 1980 in a tragic shooting incident at Nhlazatshe near Gluckstadt whilst he was guarding a Key Point. He was buried from the St Peters Parish in Vryheid, and he was laid to rest in the Vryheid Cemetery. After John’s death in 1980, Una was later married to Deon Meintjies, and sadly she died in Johannesburg, on the 22nd of February 2006, as a result of breast cancer. Una’s ashes were scattered at sea. The name of John Francis MacLean is remembered on the War Memorial at the St. Peter’s Anglican Church in Vryheid. Lest we forget.

92

SA Lugmag | SA Air Force Coolhand Luke, die Customs en die Buttercup: Lt.-kol. At Spies

Jare gelede, so ongeveer 1976 se kant of daar rond het jy nog nie geel Margarine in Suid-Afrika

gekry nie, alles was so ŉ sieklike bleekwit kleur. Ou Rhodesië was ons egter vêr voor in daardie

dae want hulle het “Buttercup” gehad. Daardie was so ŉ lieflike sagte margarien en dit was geel,

met boonop nogal ŉ lekker smaak ook. Buttercup Margarine was verkoop in blokke van 4

kilogram. Hierdie blokke was sulke lang affêres met afgemerkte lyne, “geprint” op die papier

waarin dit toegedraai was. Daardie lyne was so gespasieer dat dit maklik was om die blok dan in

kleiner blokke van 1Kg elk te kon sny. Verder was daar ook ses van hierdie lang blokke margarien

in ŉ karton doos verpak.

Uit die aard van die saak was hierdie margarien natuurlik baie gesog in Suid-Afrika en het ons

ouens wat transport-vliegtuie gevlieg het, altyd vir ander personeel van die eskader ook van

hierdie luukshede “ingevoer”. Natuurlik was hierdie invoere hoogs onwettig in die oë van die

manne wat die “customs” bedryf het maar dit was oorlog en terwyl die civies in die “States” elke

aand rustig geslaap het, het ons manne in uniform gesorg dat hul rustigheid nie onderbreek word

nie, ons het die grense van ons land bewaak. Sekerlik was ons darem geregtig op so ŉ klein

luuksheid of twee so af en toe, het ons destyds geredeneer.

Op ŉ dag was ek met my co-pilot en “Coolhand Luke” met sy co-pilot, getaak om ŉ groep redelike

senior offisiere op ŉ inspeksie toer na ou Rhodesië toe te vlieg. Dit was so ŉ week lange

inspeksie- en inligtingsbesoek. Miskien moet ek julle nou eers vertel wie was “Coolhand Luke” en

hoekom ek hom na hierdie vlug so begin noem het. Eintlik was die man nog altyd ŉ “cool”

customer en moontlik met sy permissie sal ek later nog so ŉ staaltjie of twee oor hom kan vertel.

Jaap mag ek maar? Wel daar laat ek nou alreeds die kat uit die sak uit. “Coolhand” was niemand

ander as my ou vriend Jaap du Preez nie. Ek en Jaap het saam met Dakota aanpassingskursus

op Bloemfontein begin en het dus ook saam by 44 Eskader begin vlieg in 1975. “What a Cool

customer” was Jaap nie altyd nie, die skoner geslag het ook nogal so gedink.

Ewenwel, na ŉ week se inspeksie toer is ons uiteindelik weer op pad terug vanaf Salisbury na

Pretoria toe met die twee Dakota’s. Vir die wat nie kan onthou nie, Salisbury was destyds die

hoofstad van Rhodesië en Harare was die “Township” net buitekant die dorp - maar daar “digress”

ek alweer, “sorry”. Terug nou na die vlug toe. Ons passasiers was wel senior offisiere, nie werklik

BBP’s nie maar ons het tog een van die BBP Dakota’s vir die trip gebruik en die ander een is

saam gestuur om bagasie en ander vrag te vervoer. Toevallig op die trippie was ek die

gesagvoerder van die BBP vliegtuig en Jaap het die bagasie en ander vrag vervoer. Dit is nou ook

natuurlik waar die bokse Buttercup in die storie inpas.

Ons het so ŉ stuk of twintig van hierdie bokse gekoop, onthou ons het ook bestellings van ander

lede van die eskader gehad. Heel logies, het ons toe besluit dat die aangewese ding sou wees om

die goudgeel smeer in Jaap se Dakota te vervoer. So besluit, so gedoen. Ons vertrek vroeg

oggend uit Salisbury met my vlug sowat 30 minute voor Jaap se vlug. Die spasiëring is nodig om

burgerlugvaart tevrede te stel.

Die weer was redelik goed daardie dag en nie een van ons twee vliegtuie het enige probleme of

vertragings ondervind nie. Natuurlik bly ek en Jaap ook in kontak met mekaar op die Eskader se

“Chat frequency”. Alles verloop goed tot dat ek Waterkloof roep; so ongeveer naby

Hartebeespoortdam se omgewing. Dit is toe wat dinge skielik interessant begin word. Die dametjie

in Waterkloof toring, waarsku my dat die doeane se mense vir ons wag daar by 28 Eskader

“Movement Control”.

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“O Shit!” seg ek. “Waar de bliksem kom hulle nou vandaan?” Die “Customs” het nog nooit van te

vore ons vliegtuie op hierdie, amper “domestic” vlugte, deursoek nie. Ja, hulle het altyd die C-

130’s kom deursoek nadat hulle van oorsee af terug gekeer het, maar Rhodesië tot dus vêr, ....

nog nooit nie. “Hulle moes iewers ŉ “tip-off” gekry het.” Prewel ek maar soek dadelik na Jaap op

ons “chat frequency”. Sien ek en my vliegtuig is eintlik “OK” want al die “contraband” is op Jaap se

“aerie”. Dit is hy wat gaan moeilikheid optel.

“Jaap, die doeane wag vir ons” laat ek onmiddellik weet net na ek hom gekontak het. “Ek stel voor

jy drop die Buttercup daar oor die dam. “Tjek” net mooi dat jy dit nie dalk op ŉ onskuldige

visserman af gooi nie.” Adviseer ek hom toe.

“F#k die doeane. Daardie Buttercup het geld gekos!! Ons sal ŉ ander plan maak,” sêg ou Jaap vir

my amper nes “Coolhand” dit sou doen maar Jaap praat natuurlik nie Amerikaans nie en daardie

dae het selfs Hollywood nog nie die f#k woord te dikwels gebruik nie.

Nou wonder ek maar so by my sigselwers. Sedert die tyd van die Berlynse lugbrug dae, het die

doeane nou al seker bykans elke wegsteek plekkie op ‘n Dakota bepaal en Jaap het, in vlug nie

die vermoë om vlerk-panele oop te maak nie. “Wat gaan die man doen?”

Omdat ek sowat 30 minute voor Jaap land is my vliegtuig en die passasiers al klaar geprosesseer

toe Jaap uiteindelik in “taxi”. Sy Dakota kom tot stilstand en met so ŉ hol kol op my maag kyk ek

toe hoe die drie “customs” manne saam uit stap na Jaap se vliegtuig. Hulle staan ook al drie

gesamentlik voor daardie ou leertjie agter by die ingang. Daar is geen ontsnap roete nie. Jaap is

nogal self daar om hulle in te wag en hy verwelkom hulle ook net daar. Nogal ŉ hele lang gesprek

wat hy aanknoop maar weldra begelei hy die manne deur die vliegtuig. Dit is net daar waar ons,

wat staan en toekyk, senuweeagtig begin giggel. Die Dakota se ontsnappingsluik bokant die

cockpit gaan oop en dood luiters is die medevlieënier en die boordtegnikus, ou Corrie, besig om

daardie bokse margarien op die vliegtuig se rug uit te pak. So tussen die antennas en ten volle in

aanskoue van almal in movement control maar natuurlik nie vir die doeane manne wat nou binne

die vliegtuig is nie. Dit is nie te lank of die Dakota begin lyk soos ŉ “Soweto taxi” met ŉ “roof-rack”.

Vyftien minute later het die doeanes hulle ondersoek voltooi en teleurgesteld, sonder ŉ

terugwaartse blik na die Dakota en ŉ breed-glimlaggende Jaap, verdwyn hulle in die gebou in.

Soos hulle in die gebou in verdwyn, verdwyn daardie bokse ook weer van die Dakota se dak af,

binne in die ruim in.

Inderdaad, Jaap is en sal, in my oë, altyd “Coolhand Luke” bly.

Saluut my mater!

At Spies

There are two ways to be fooled:

One is to believe what isn’t true; the other is to refuse to believe what is true."

(Soren Kierkegaard)

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Lt. Peter Ian Norman-Smith (SAAF): Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen

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• Supreme Sacrifice in Korea “They shall grow not old as we who are left grow old, Age shall not weary them, nor the years

condemn. At the going down of the sun and in the morning, we will remember them”.

At the Moth Freedom Shell Hole in Vryheid stands a Victorian styled chair that was donated to the Moths in 1955 by Mrs. Florrie Norman-Smith, in memory of her son. His name is engraved on a silver plaque on the seat of that chair, and it reads: “Presented by Mrs F Norman-Smith in memory of her son Peter – Lieutenant. No.2 Squadron SAAF who made the supreme sacrifice in Korea 3rd December 1951.” Peter Ian Norman-Smith was born on a Monday the 18th of September 1922, as one of the three children of Norman Smith and Florrie Burridge. Norman was born in York in England in 1883, and he worked on the coal mines at Glencoe and at Enyathi for many years, and later as an Insurance Agent. In his younger years Norman was attached to the South African Constabulary, holding the rank of a Sub-Inspector. Florrie was born in Keighley, Yorkshire, England in 1892, and Norman and Florrie were married in Durban on the 11th of August 1914. There came a time when Florrie had decided that there were just too many persons in this country, carrying the same family name as theirs, “Smith”. It was just there that she had made work of it and soon she, Norman and the children were known as “Norman-Smith”. Norman passed away in his home in High Street in Vryheid on the 12th of January 1938, and Florrie died mid 1970’s in Johannesburg. Peter Ian was the brother of Cmdt. Ronald Geoffrey “Ronnie” Norman-Smith (M.C.), born in 1917. Ronnie served with the Imperial Light Horse (ILH), Kimberley Regiment in Italy during WWII, and there he sustained a severe leg wound. From July 1959 to June 1965 he served as the Commanding Officer of the Umvoti Mounted Rifles (UMR), and he passed away on 27 June 2007 at Howick, Natal. Vryheid Gazette, dated 22 September 1944: “How Vryheid Man Won M.C. In Italy. The Vryheid Gazette reports on how Lt. Ronald Geoffrey Norman-Smith won the Military Cross. Peter Ian and Ronnie also had an older sister named Zoe Norma Windsor, born Smith who lived in Perridgevale, in Port Elizabeth. After Norman’s death, Florrie and her two sons lived at 214 Hlobane Street in Vryheid, only a stone’s throw away from the St. Peters Parish where the War Memorial stands. The son of Ronald Geoffrey Norman-Smith, Robin Norman-Smith, lives and works in Britain, and Italy, and he is a keen Bag Pipes player. Robin says that both Peter Ian and Ronald were learners at the Vryheid High School. Peter Ian enlisted with the SAAF soon after the outbreak of WWII. He trained in Kimberley where he received his “wings”, and later served in North and West Africa, and on the “shuttle service” which flew South African servicemen back to South Africa after the war. In 1947 he was one of 12 SAAF officers that were selected to form part of the 24th RAF Squadron, and he took part in the Berlin Air lift flying with the RAF, flying food and supplies into Berlin. In 1949 Peter Ian returned to South Africa, and he was stationed with the SAAF at Langebaanweg in the Cape Province, until his departure for Korea in October 1951. Lieutenant Peter Ian Norman-Smith was killed in action on 3 December 1951, whilst flying a BF51 Mustang. During a Rail attacking mission, the Mustang of 2nd Lieutenant Kenneth Ralph Whitehead accidentally rammed into Norman-Smith’s Mustang, and both aircraft crashed into the Han River. Both pilots were killed. Sadly, only Whitehead’s body was recovered.

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Kenneth Ralph Whitehead was born in Windhoek, Namibia on 26 January 1929. His parents were John Reginald Whitehead and Etla Mary Whitehead nee Enerson, who lived in Anson Road, Durban, and Mr Whitehead was the Durban Port Goods Superintendent. Kenneth Ralph was educated at Mansfield Road Boys School in Durban, and he was one of seven brothers, of whom two, Glen and Howard, also served in the South African Air Force. Lieutenant Whitehead was laid to rest at the United Nations Pusan Cemetery in South Korea. Media reports just before and soon after the death of Lieutenant Norman-Smith, included: - The Vryheid Gazette, dated 13th July 1945. Social and Personal, reporting about a visit to Vryheid by Lieutenant Norman-Smith, and his return to Italy thereafter. The Star, Johannesburg, Tuesday, September 28, 1948 “South Africans in Berlin Air Lift. A report on the SAAF’s involvement in the Berlin airlift and mentioning the name of Peter Ian Norman-Smith as part of the 50 more SAAF pilots joining the operation. Sunday Tribune (Date unknown) “AIR TRAGEDY. Sister Sent Message in Vain. PORT ELIZABETH, Saturday. Reporting that a week after Zoe Norma Windsor had recorded a special Christmas message to her brother Peter Ian, she received news of his death. Clipping from an un-identified Newspaper: “Two S.A.A.F. pilots killed in Korea collision. Pretoria, Thursday. Two pilots of No. 2 S.A.A.F. Squadron were killed in a flying accident in Korea on Monday, the Department of Defence announces. They were Lt. Peter Ian Norman-Smith and 2nd Lt. Kenneth Ralph Whitehead……….” The Vryheid Gazette dated 14 December 1951 “Old Vryheid High School Scholar Killed in Korea. Mrs. F. Norman-Smith of Hlobane Street, Vryheid, has been advised that her youngest son, Lieut. Peter Norman-Smith, who was serving in Korea with No. 2 Squadron, SAAF, was accidentally killed on Monday, December 3rd while leading his flight after returning from an operational mission.…………………” Lieutenant Peter Ian Norman-Smith is remembered at the United Nations Pusan Memorial in

South Korea, and on the War Memorial in Vryheid.

Lest we forget.

The chair in the MOTH-Shellhole and a Mustang

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Mr Norman Smith (Late SA Constabulary) Lt Peter Ian Norman-Smith

Cmdt Ronald Geoffrey Norman-Smith | A young Kenneth Ralph Whitehead | Lt. Norman-Smith

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Ex Alto Vincimus

• Etienne Louis Bell: Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen In 1483, a now famous Italian, Leonardo Da Vinci, conceived the idea of a parachute, and in 1783, an inventor and Frenchman, Louis Sebastian Lourmand made the first ever recorded successful parachute jump when he jumped from a tree. In October 1797, Frenchman, André-Jaque Garnerin rose to a height of 3220 feet with the help of a hot-air balloon, and parachuted back to terra firma over Parc Monceau in Paris, France. The world’s first fatal parachute jump was in July 1834, when Robert Cocking fell to his death over Greenwich in England. “This day in History”, reports on a former US pilot, Joseph Kittinger, who in 1960 set up a world record when he jumped from 20 miles above earth, and fell for four minutes 36 seconds before opening his parachute. Germany was the first country to use “Fallschirmjäger”, in combat during WW2, and had dropped paratroopers over the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Norway in 1940. In 1960 fifteen volunteers from the SADF were sent to England to train as parachute instructors, parachute-packers, and one SAAF pilot was trained in the dropping of paratroopers. The No.1 Parachute Battalion of the SADF was established on 1 April 1961, and after 1998 it was renamed to the Parachute Training Centre. Members of such an Elite battalion are much respected and are respectfully nicknamed “Parabats”. Etienne Louis Bell was born on Tuesday 1 July 1958 in Vryheid. He was the son of Louis Botha Bell, and of Louise Francine Suzette “Dolla” Stoffberg. Louis was a qualified pharmacist, and for a number of years he practised his trade at the Melman’s Pharmacy, in Church Street, that in those years was owned by Mrs Colley. Louis and Dolla both grew up in Vryheid, and both of them were educated at Vryheid High School, where, in her matric year, in 1947, Dolla Stoffberg, who is a great granddaughter of General Lucas Johannes Meyer, was the Head Girl. After matriculating, Dolla qualified herself as a teacher, and she was an educator at Vryheid High School for a number of years. Louis and Dolla were later divorced, and Louis was again married in 1989, and he passed away in Bloemfontein in 2004. In January 1964 Etienne was enrolled into grade 1 at Nuwe Republiek Skool (NRS) in Vryheid. Etienne was an exemplary learner during junior school, and at the end of 1970 he was elected as Head Boy of NRS for the year of 1971, together with Head Girl, Elna le Roux, now Elna Terblanche, whose brother, Anton Le Roux, is the current School Principal at Vryheid High. Etienne and his family lived at number 206 Deputasie Street in Vryheid, and at the end of 1971 Etienne, and his family re-located to Durban North. Etienne was enrolled at Afrikaans Hoër in Durban North, but he matriculated in 1977 from Stanger High School. Dolla Bell lived in Glenwood, in Durban, for many years, and she is now a long-retired Schools Inspector, who lives in Durbanville in the Western Cape. Etienne had a brother Leon, advocate, who lives somewhere in the Western Cape, and a sister Kari who lives in Australasia. After graduating from High School Etienne joined up with the SADF, and after “Basics” he was sent to the Tempe Military Base in Bloemfontein where, after he passed the gruelling selection phase, he was trained as a paratrooper. Corporal Etienne Louis Bell of the SADF No.1 Parachute Battalion, was killed in action on 6 July 1979 at the age of 21 years, during a contact with the enemy. A school friend, who did not want to be named, and who was with Etienne in the Parachute Battalion, recalls his death as follows: “It was during Operation “Safraan” in 1979. Delta Company received instruction to attack an enemy target in Zambia. The target was attacked and some of the enemy force managed to get away and formed splinter groups. During the night our company retreated in a typical “U” formation on our own tracks, with the purpose of forming a “TB” (Temporary Base) for the night. At that time one of the enemy splinter groups was conducting its

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own reconnaissance, and had surprised our forces. The enemy fired at us and one bullet hit Etienne in the head. The wound to Etienne’s head was fatal. Early on the following morning Etienne’s body was transported to the military base at M’pacha in South West Africa by helicopter. This was early July 1979, if I recall correctly”. Hilton Way wrote that he had crossed paths with Etienne Bell during basic training at 1 Parachute Battalion. “D-Company was walking at night and Etienne was at point. Terrorists were hiding in a bush, and they shot Etienne from behind in the head. It was dark and they could not get choppers in, and Etienne succumbed of his wounds a few hours later”. Lieutenant H.D. MacMillan wrote: “Corporal Bell was the LMG group leader on the left flank that was spread out in a line of the box formation. This was at about 18:45 on 6 July 1979. I was on the left flank of the box formation and we had moved up to go through a gap in bushes in front of us. Louis Bell was about three metres ahead of myself, and as Louis stepped over a fallen tree stump, shots rang out, and I could see tracer rounds making contact with Etienne. I responded and was able to shoot one of the enemy. This incident probably was the low-light of my entire life, and I continue to pray for, and remember Etienne Bell”. Corporal Etienne Louis Bell was laid to rest with full Military Honours, and his remains were placed at the Stellawood Crematorium in Durban. His name is marked on the Fort Klapperkop wall with a * (star), indicating that he had died during operations or in combat. His name is also engraved on the War Memorial in Vryheid. Ex Alto Vincimus – We Conquer from Above Lest we forget.

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James Henry Williams: The Match Manufacturer killed “Somewhere in Flanders”: Capt. Andre van Ellinckhuyzen The Tancrez Farm Cemetery, about 17 kilometres from Ypres or Iper in the Hainaut region of

Belgium, is located directly behind an old rebuilt farm house, which during “The Great War” was

used as an Aid Post. In this cemetery there are 333 Commonwealth war graves. There are also

two German war graves and some unidentified graves. Among the many whitewashed graves also

stand four grave stones, each bearing the Springbok Emblem, for four South Africans who paid

the ultimate prize there, in the far away land of Flanders. Sadly, one of those young men, was a

Vryheid boy.

In Flanders Fields

In Flanders fields the poppies blow

Between the crosses, row on row,

That mark our place; and in the sky

The larks, still bravely singing, fly

Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,

Loved and were loved, and now we lie,

In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:

To you from failing hands we throw

The torch; be yours to hold it high.

If ye break faith with us who die

We shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields.

Lt. Col. John McCrae

James Henry Williams was born in Vryheid in 1896. His father was Michael Johannes (John) Williams, a Blacksmith by profession, who was born in Riviersonderent, in the Cape Province, in 1835 or 1836, and died in Vryheid on the 7th of April 1915, and was buried in the Vryheid Cemetery. James’s mother was Martha Katrina (Catherine) Williams born Schwab. Martha was born in Colenso and she died in 1938, and was buried in the Stellawood Cemetery in Durban. Michael and Martha were married on the 3rd of July 1901, and they had their home at “Erf nommer 537” in Vryheid, which was later sold in two equal halves, at 50 pounds apiece, to two of their children, Abraham and Johanna Antoinette.

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James Henry had fourteen siblings, of which only the youngest two were born after the marriage of his parents in 1901, and they were:

• Louisa Christina Swinburne nee Williams, born in Utrecht in 1868, who was from Merebank, near Durban, and died in 1948;

• Abraham Johannes Williams, born in Utrecht in 1879. He was a Bricklayer by trade, and lived at 26 East Street in Vryheid, until his death in 1944;

• Fritz Carel Williams, a Blacksmith by trade, who was born on 11 August 1879 and died on 11 September 1963 in Vryheid;

• Christina Williams;

• Michael Johannes Williams, who lived in Vryheid;

• Martha Jones nee Williams, who lived in Johannesburg;

• Elizabeth Annie Williams, who lived in Vryheid, and was married in 1938 in Vryheid, to Lukas Marthinus Johannes Nel, also from Vryheid;

• Johanna Antoinette Hepplewhite, who lived at 45 Henwood road in Durban, and who was married to Ralph Hepplewhite. Johanna passed away on 3 November 1978, and she was buried in the Stellawood Cemetery in Durban;

• Daniël Williams, who lived in Mooi River, and was employed by the S.A.R.;

• Ernest Williams, who was from Pinetown;

• Eliza Annie Mayes nee Williams, who lived in Cypress Avenue in Durban North, and was married to William John Wilfred Mayes, in Durban in 1916;

• Susan McKane nee Williams, who lived at 75 1st Avenue in Durban;

• Maria Kathleen Shadwell born Williams, who also lived in Cypress Avenue in Durban and;

• Alice Mabel Marriot nee Williams, who resided at 33 Walls Avenue Durban, who was married to William Samuel Frederick Marriot in 1930.

After the death of her husband, Martha Katrina Williams, moved to Durban from Vryheid, and she had lived there with her daughter, Alice Mabel, at 33 Walls Avenue, until her death. Before joining up for the war, James was a “Match Manufacturer” by trade, and he had two “home addresses” on his enlistment record, with one listed as “Vryheid” and the other as “25 Mitchell Road, in Durban”. The iconic “Lion Match Company” was established in 1905 in Durban. The factory building which is situated just behind the Kings Park Rugby stadium, is today a modernised Office Park. Pvt James Henry Williams of the South African 2nd Infantry Regiment, was killed in action on the 23rd of May 1916 at the age of only 20 years, “Somewhere in Flanders”. James must have been seriously wounded in battle, and brought by ambulance or stretcher bearers to the Aid Post at Tancrez, where he then succumbed to his injuries. He lies buried in the Tancrez Farm cemetery. The three other identified South Africans who also rest in the Tancrez Farm Cemetery are:

• Stretcher Bearer Peter Hans Peterson, 2nd South African Infantry, born in Copenhagen,

Denmark, who was married to Ada Peterson of 57 Gale Street, in Durban;

• Private Albert Ernest Reid, born in Durban in 1892, who was a Fireman with the S.A.R. and

whose parents were resident at number 11 Hardwick Street in Newcastle; and

• Private Percy Edward Watkins, of Kimberley.

• The name of James Henry Williams is inscribed on the War Memorial, at the St Peters

Anglican Church in Vryheid.

Lest we forget.

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Above: The Tancrez Farm Cemetery in Belgium where Pvt James Henry Williams rests Left: The Grave Stone of Pvt James Henry Williams in the Tancrez Farm Cemetery. Next page: Article in the Vryheid Herald dated 30 August 2019 with heading: “A Match Manufacturer who fought and died ‘somewhere in Flanders’”

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SANDF: Name Changes Twenty units in the SA Army Infantry Formation will be renamed. They are

• Natal Carbineers to Ingobamakhosi Carbineers (IC);

• Cape Town Rifles to Chief Langalibalele Rifles (CLR);

• First City to Chief Makhanda Regiment (CMR)

• Prince Alfred’s Guard to Chief Maqoma Regiment (MR);

• Cape Town Highlanders to Gonnema Regiment (GR);

• Transvaal Scottish to Solomon Mahlangu Regiment (SMR);

• Witwatersrand Rifles to Bambatha Rifles (BR);

• Regiment Botha to General Botha Regiment (GBR);

• Regiment de la Rey to General de la Rey Regiment (GDLR);

• Regiment de Wet to Chief Albert Luthuli Regiment (CALR);

• Regiment Westelike Provinsie to General Jan Smuts Regiment (GJSR);

• South African Irish Regiment to Andrew Mlangeni Regiment (AMR);

• Regiment Christiaan Beyers to Mapungubwe Regiment (MAPR);

• Regiment Piet Retief to Nelson Mandela Regiment (NMR);

• Regiment President Kruger to Lenong Regiment (LR);

• Regiment Oos-Rand to OR Tambo Regiment (ORTR);

• Durban Regiment to King Shaka Regiment (KSR);

• Regiment Bloemspruit to Mangaung Regiment (MAUR);

• Regiment Noord-Transvaal to Job Masego Regiment (JMR) and

• 2 Parachute Battalion to Bagaka Regiment (BAGR). The six Artillery Formation units in line for new names are

• Cape Field Artillery to Nelson Mandela Artillery Regiment (NMAR);

• Natal Field Artillery to King Cetshwayo Artillery Regiment (KCAR);

• Transvaal Horse Artillery to Sandfontein Artillery Regiment (SAR);

• Vrystaat Artillerie Regiment to General Dan Pienaar Artillery Regiment (GDPR); Transvaal Staatsartillerie to State Artillery Regiment (SAR) and

• 18 Light Regiment to Steve Biko Artillery Regiment (SBAR). In the Air Defence Artillery Formation, five units will have new names. They are

• Cape Garrison Artillery to Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment (AAAR);

• Regiment Vaal Rivier to Galeshewe Anti-Aircraft Regiment (GAAR);

• Regiment Oos-Transvaal to iWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment (IAAR);

• 6 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment to Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment (SAAR) and

• 44 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment to Madzhakandila Anti-Aircraft Regiment (MAAR). The six SA Army Armour Formation units to receive new names are

• Natal Mounted Rifles to Queen Nandi Mounted Rifles (QNMR);

• Light Horse Regiment to Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment (JLHR);

• Pretoria Regiment to Pretoria Armour Regiment (PAR);

• Regiment President Steyn to Thaba Bosiu Armour Regiment (TBAR);

• Regiment Oranjerivier to Blaauwberg Armour Regiment (BAR) and

• Regiment Mooirivier to Molapo Armour Regiment (MAR). The SA Army Engineer Formation will see its Reserve Force component with three new names. They are

• 3 Field Engineer Regiment to Ihawu Field Engineer Regiment (IFER);

• 9 Field Engineer Regiment to Umkhonto Field Engineer Regiment (UFER) and

• 44 Parachute Engineer Regiment to Ukhosi Parachute Engineer Regiment (UPER).

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• Similarly, three Signal Formation units change. They are

• 71 Signal Unit to Western Cape Signal Unit (WCRSU);

• 7 Signal Group to Gauteng Reserve Signal Unit (GRSU) and

• 84 Signal Unit to Kwa-Zulu Natal Signal Unit (KWSU). Nine name changes are made in the SA Army Support Formation. They are

• 30 Field Workshop to Doman Field Workshop (DFW);

• 31 Field Workshop to General Sipho Binda Field Workshop (GSBFW);

• 32 Field Workshop to Sabelo Phama Field Workshop (SPFW);

• 71 Field Workshop to Chris Hani Field Workshop (CHFW);

• 37 Field Workshop to Sekhukhune Field Workshop (SFW);

• 7 Field Workshop to Ngungunyane Field Workshop (NFW);

• 4 Maintenance Unit to Logistical Support Unit (LSU);

• 11 Maintenance Unit to General Andrew Masondo Maintenance Unit (GAMU) and

• 19 Transit Maintenance Unit to Madiba Bay Maintenance Unit (MBMU).

Wie was die chauffeur van die Duitse generaal - veldmaarskalk Erwin Rommel die “Desert Fox"? Wolfgang Günther Witschas Ek is 'n gebore Duitse Suidwester en het in Windhoek in die destydse Suidwes-Afrika groot geword en my skoolloopbaan begin en voltooi by die Duitse privaatskool, "Deutsche Höhere Privat Schule (DHPS)", Windhoek. Toe die skooljaar 1971 aanbreek het ek 'n klomp nuwe leerlinge in die destydse standerd 7 ontmoet. Hulle het meesal van die ander drie Duitse skole in SWA, Karibib, Lüderitz of Swakopmund gekom of was kinders van Duitse Diplomate by die destyds Wes-Duitse Konsulaat in Windhoek. Een van dié wat van Karibib gekom het was die dogter van 'n Duitse boer by Otavi, Barbara Von Leipzig, en het saam met my van Standerd 7 tot matriek skool gegaan. Tydens my plasing as lid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie (SAP) in Tsumeb (1976 tot 1978) was van ons lede op 'n stadium in 1977 ontplooi in die omgewing van Otavi om te help met die opvolg van moontlike spore van SWAPO terroriste. In Otavi het ons aangesluit by lede van die plaaslike Kommando. Die Bevelvoerder van die Kommando groep was 'n Duitse boer in die Otavi distrik, Hellmuth Von Leipzig. Van die ander lede van die Otavi Kommando was ook Duitssprekendes en ek het vinnig met hulle as gevolg van ons Duitse herkoms gekommunikeer. Tydens dié bekendstelling het ek oor Von Leipzig navraag gedoen en een van die manne het genoem dat hy 'n ou en gesoute soldaat van die Duitse Weermag "Wehrmacht" in die Tweede Wêreld oorlog was. Die man het genoem dat Von Leipzig vanaf 1941 tot 1943 die chauffeur van die bevelvoerder van die "Duitse Afrika Korps" in Noord- Afrika, Generaal - Veldmaarskalk Erwin Rommel, die bekende "Desert Fox", was en later 'n offisier van die Duitse spesiale magte eenheid onder leiding van die destydse Duitse "Abwehr" - Teen Intelligensiediens, Admiraal Canaris, die "Brandenburger". Ek het toe vinnig bepaal dat sy dogter Barbara Von Leipzig saam met my op skool was. Toe ek dit aan Von Leipzig genoem het, was hy nog al verbaas en ons het oor my agtergrond en syne sowel as oor sy dogter gepraat. Dit het my ses jaar geneem tot dat ek bewus geword het wie die blonde kop, effens skaam en petit skooldogter se "beroemde" pa was. Ek het al op skool geweet wie Generaal - Veldmaarskalk Erwin Rommel was en van die Tweede Wêreld oorlog en die gebeure in Noord - Afrika. Dit is een van vele "Raar maar waar" dinge en gebeurtenisse wat ek in my lewe ondervind het. “Hellmut Kurt Ewald von Leipzig was an officer (Lieutenant) in the German Army and the designated chauffeur of General Field Marshall Erwin Rommel of the German Afrika Korps from 1941 to 1943 and later an officer of the "Brandenburgers" in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. When Von Leipzig was in North Africa, Rommel's driver obtained injuries during a fire fight and Rommel was desperately looking for a replacement. From some of his Officers he heard that there was a man from the then South West Africa, a former German colony, a dry and semi dessert country, that he was used to the heat and was an experienced driver in sandy and rough conditions. This is how Von Leipzig was appointed by Rommel as his driver. Following the war, Von Leipzig became involved in leadership roles in the German-speaking community in Namibia. Born: 18 July 1921, Keetmanshoop, Namibia Died: 24 October 2016, Windhoek, Namibia.” Bronne:

• Persoonlike kennis en geskiedenis

• Wikepita Wolfgang Günther WITSCHAS SAP: 1976 tot 1981 (W69530W)

Lt. Hellmut Kurt Ewald von Leipzig verskyn links en veldmaarskalk Rommel verskyn regs.

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Graf Spee vs Doric Star and The Battle of the River Plate: December 1939: Wolfgang Günther Witschas

We move away from the early adventurers who came to the then little known South West Africa to

the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and the story of the sinking of the freighter “Doric

Star” by the German pocket battleship “Admiral Graf Spee” in the opening stages of the war.

The encounter took place some 400 nautical miles west of Walvis Bay, off the coast of the then

South West Africa and was to sound the death-knell for the German battleship.

We take up the story as told by Jose Burman in his book “Strange Shipwrecks” published by Struik

in 1968, which we will publish in serial form.

As events shaped up towards war in mid-1939, it was obvious to the German Admiralty that they could not meet the might of the British Royal Navy on equal terms. They could, however, impose a heavy strain on the British Naval forces by the use of surface raiders, particularly warships of heavy calibre. To achieve the maximum effect, the German surface raiders required mobility, and it was certain that if war came the German ports would be closely watched. As far as the German Navy’s surface fleet was concerned two of the three pocket-battleships based in Wilhelmshafen, the Admiral Graf Spee and her sister ship the Deutschland would be the first in action. Grand Admiral Erich Raeder C-in-C of the German Navy had already dispatched them to their “waiting areas” when the critical time arrived. The Admiral Graf Spee (South Atlantic) and her sister ship the Deutschland (North Atlantic). The third of the three pocket battleships, the Admiral Scheer, was kept in home waters for nominal service with the Naval Group West, based in Wilhelmshafen. An extensive refit was planned for her. (The Admiral Scheer had a brilliant solo cruise in the North, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans between October 1940 until April 1940 described as one of the classic cruises in the history of maritime raiding putting to use a lot of the experience gained from the Graf Spee’s faithful forays a year earlier).

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“Panzerschiff Admiral Graf Spee in 1936” – Wikipedia42 The South Atlantic (south of the equator) was allocated as operational zone to the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee commanded by Captain Hans Langsdorff. The pocket battleships at sea had a clear brief. Actual commerce destruction was only regarded as a desirable by-product of the main function; to keep the Allied fleets off balance. As long as the raiders kept the seas, avoiding action with Allied war ships, staying out of trouble, striking where least expected, heavy surface forces would have to accompany every Allied convoy that sailed, thus dissipating the hitting power of the British Home Fleet and making it easier for further German naval strikes to be sent out. The Graf Spee left Wilhelmshaven on the 21st of August 1939, and headed north along the coast of Norway. Keeping well away from the shipping routes she cut between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, crossing the main Atlantic shipping routes at night, and headed into the South Atlantic. Meanwhile her supply ship, the “Altmark,” a tanker of the Hamburg Afrika Line, had passed down the English Channel openly on the 6th of August and proceeded to Port Arthur, Texas, where she took on 10 000 tons of fuel for diesel engines, then sailed for her rendezvous with the “Graf Spee”. Both ships had evaded observation and after refuelling the battleship, the “Altmark” accompanied the Graf Spee southward to the first operational area, about 500 miles west of Freetown, Sierra Leone, which they reached shortly after Britain declared war on the 3rd of September. Captain Langsdorff was a resourceful and clever sailor and a brave man. He embarked on a series of raids which kept the Royal Navy on a constant alert, and which enabled him to make a kill after kill. He would appear from nowhere, close in on some unsuspecting merchantman, and only reveal his identity when it was too late for the luckless victim to do anything. After sinking the ship, he would again disappear into the blue. In this way the Graf Spee sank the “Clement” on the 30th September; the “Newton Beach” on the 5th October 1939; the “s.s. Trevanion” five days later on the 22nd – all in the southern Atlantic.

42 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Plate#/media/File:Panzerschiff_Admiral_Graf_Spee_in_1936.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Plate#/media/File:Panzerschiff_Admiral_Graf_Spee_in_1936.jpg

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A period of three weeks followed, during which nothing was heard of the raider, and then on the 15th November 1939 she sank the “Africa Shell” off Lourenço Marques in the Mozambique channel the in the Indian Ocean. The Africa Shell’s crew was allowed to row to shore, reached land the same day, and gave the prompt warning that a pocket battleship was loose in the Indian Ocean. This was a feint to draw the pursuit away, and Langsdorff immediately doubled back round the Cape, keeping away from the coast and headed towards the island of St. Helena. The Graf Spee doubled back around the Cape, passed close to Walvis Bay and headed towards the island of St. Helena. That is how on the 2nd of December 1939 he met the “Doric Star”, a meeting that was to prove fatal to both ships. The Graf Spee was sighted off Pelican Point (a fairly tall lighthouse on the tip of the Walvis Bay peninsula) on Sunday morning (between 15 November and 2 December 1939) – obviously looking for any pickings that might be in Walvis Bay, but slid away almost immediately. The “Doric Star” a 12 knot 10 000-ton steamer was built in 1921 and was part of the Blue Star Line fleet. She was one of the fast food ships on which Britain relied for her supplies. Fully refrigerated, she had 18 cool chambers with a capacity of 461 000 cubic feet. On this trip she was en route from Auckland in New Zealand to the United Kingdom with refrigerated meat and dairy products. She carried no passengers, but a crew of 64, all British-born, except for one Russian and one Finn, both naturalised. In command was Captain William Stubbs, at 39 one of the youngest captains of the Blue Star Line. It was the Graf Spee that first became aware that she had company. A ship was picked up on the battleship’s marine range finder at the incredible distance of 53 kilometres. She was lost again, and doubts arose as to whether a ship had actually been sighted. Then the alarm signal came again; the distance was still 53 kilometres, so the ship was on a parallel course with the “Graf Spee”. Captain Langsdorff ordered greater speed and began closing in. Soon the points of the ship’s masts were picked up, and then her red smokestack. The scene of the newcomer was 1200 miles northwest of Cape Town and 400 miles west of Walvis Bay off the coast of then South West Africa. Apart from the two ships the ocean seemed deserted, though Langsdorff knew all too well that the ether was full of listening ears – it was vitally important that his prey did not use her radio. The pocket-battleship closed in on her as yet unsuspecting prey, but due to their parallel courses, and the identification of a vessel at such a long range, things did not move as fast as the impatient commander of the “Graf Spee” desired. At every moment he expected to hear a radio warning going out from the merchantman – a warning he was as yet powerless to stop. Perhaps that is the reason Captain Langsdorff made his first major tactical error; instead of waiting as usual until he was close to the merchantman before identifying himself, he ordered a shot to be fired across her bows as soon as the vessel was within range. The “Doric Star” had a shrewd suspicion that a surface raider might be operating in the South Atlantic in December 1939 shortly after the outbreak of World War II; nevertheless, it was a most unpleasant surprise when a shot struck the water within a short distance of the merchantman. The first impression of the crew was that the shell had come from thin air, for a hasty glance around disclosed no warship. It was only on a second survey that the Graf Spee could be seen low down on the horizon, at a maximum range – her gunnery was excellent.

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Captain Stubbs was not sure whether he was dealing with an enemy or not, but he took no chances; immediately he rang down to the engine room for full speed ahead, and ordered the wireless operator, Mr William Comber, to transmit the raider warning. The Graf Spee was coming up fast, signalling the word STOP, with her searchlight. Aboard the battleship the wireless technicians detected the hum of the merchantman’s radio as it warmed up, and Langsdorff flashed an urgent signal “No wireless”. Captain Stubbs ignored the warning and Mr Comber began his transmission. Immediately the German radio operators began jamming, using the Marconi set they had taken from the “Newton Beach”. The Graf Spee then fired a second warning shot with her 3.7cm armament. Captain Stubbs realised it was impossible to escape; he rang down to the engines to stop, and ordered the wireless operator to repeat his warning, adding that a battleship was attacking.

Then the “Doric Star” tapped out her fateful message – “RRR RRR RRR 1915 S- 0505E Doric Star gunned battleship”. The battleship was now flying a signal “Stop your wireless or I will open fire”; the “Doric Star” obeyed and went off the air. Two things had saved the merchantman from destruction during the few minutes that had elapsed; firstly the humanity of Captain Langsdorff, who used only secondary armament instead of his big guns, and warned when another might have fired; and secondly the fact that the “Doric Star” was the biggest vessel the Graf Spee had captured and would make a splendid prize. Not long after, the Graf Spee came to rest close to the liner and a fast motorboat was lowered. Several officers and some 30 men boarded the "Doric Star" with drawn revolvers and took up strategic positions. While they searched the vessel, the captain was interrogated. After the 30-man boarding party from the pocket battleship “Graf Spee” came aboard the “Doric Star”, Captain Stubbs was questioned about his cargo which he stated was wool. The crew were then ordered to open two of the hatch covers, and sure enough, the ‘tween –decks disclosed bales of wool. It is probable that had they been able to take their time, the German boarding party would have discovered the cool chambers with their priceless cargo – the very things that a ship at sea for over three months needed. At this crucial moment, however, came an interruption. The aircraft of the Graf Spee, which had left earlier that morning on a reconnaissance flight had not returned, now radioed an S.O.S. stated she made a forced landing on the sea and was in need of help. At once Langsdorff signalled the boarding party to cease work and return so that he could sink the ship. This message was not well received by the prize officer, who had just found silver bars valued over R4000, 00 behind a table in the Captain’s cabin, and tried to continue his search. Langsdorff, however, was chafing at the delay in his anxiety to rescue the important aircraft. The prize officer refused to be unduly hurried and brought off all the English crew plus the silver – but he did not discover the frozen meat. The Englishmen watched impotently whilst the “Doric Star” was sunk by gunfire and torpedo. Then the “Graf Spee” set off at top speed in search of her aircraft.

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The seaplane had damaged a float in landing on the rough sea, and as the damaged float began to fill, the plane turned into the wind and the sea began breaking over her. As night came on, the pilot fired a white star shell, which was spotted by the Graf Spee. It was only at 19:00 that the warship arrived, not a moment too soon, to save both men and the precious machine. Langsdorff was not sure how effective the jamming of the raider warning had been, and headed southwest at speed. Actually, the damage had been done. The “Port Chalmers” had picked up the “Doric Star” warning and relayed it. By that evening Walvis Bay and Slangkop radio were repeating it and an urgent message had been flashed to Freetown reporting the attack. This put the Graf Spee definitely on the defensive, for she had been accurately located. What sealed her fate, however, was the attack on the “Tairoa” which followed the next morning. It was just after dawn when the German pocket battleship “Graf Spee” spotted smoke astern and to port some 20 kilometres away, and headed for it immediately. The “Tairoa”, a liner of 7983 tons, was on her way from Melbourne to Freetown (Sierra Leone) where she was to join a convoy. As soon as Captain Starr heard the "Doric Star’s” raider warning, he changed course west and it was his misfortune that the Graf Spee was also heading in that direction. As the battleship came over the horizon it was flying the French flag – the Captain cleared away a boat and waited for further identification. She was only about two miles away when a signal made – “Stop your engines.” This was accompanied by a shot across the bow. The ship immediately slowed down but the radio officer, Mr PJ Cummins began sending out a raider warning. This Langsdorff was determined to prevent and opened fire; but his humanity was his undoing, for he used his 3.7cm guns only. The marksmanship was good and his hits were scored on the bridge and officers’ quarters. Sandbags, however, protected the radio room, and Mr Cummins, flat on the floor, was able to continue his transmission until the equipment was shot away. The “Tairoa” was sunk after her crew had been taken aboard the battleship and the Graf Spee headed west across the ocean. But the “Tairoa’s” broadcast had been picked up and relayed. With two known positions on successive days, British Rear Admiral Sir Henry Harwood was able to deduce that the Graf Spee was heading for the River Plate, Montevideo, Uruguay in South America and to order HMS Ajax, Achilles and Exeter to assemble there. The Graf Spee then sailed in a westerly direction to rendezvous with the supply tanker Altmark in middle of the southern Atlantic far from normal shipping routes. The Graf Spee was heading for the shipping focus of the River Plate area for a last foray before returning to Germany. On the 6th December 1939, the Graf Spee reached her rendezvous with her supply ship “Altmark” and was refuelled for the last time. The crews of the “Doric Star” and “Tairoa” (144) were transferred to the tanker. Only the officers and wireless operators were kept on the Graf Spee. On 7th December 1939 the Graf Spee hailed the British ship Streonshalh, afterwards sinking it and taking on her crew of 31. Then the Graf Spee set out to keep an appointment with destiny at the River Plate. During the night of 12 and 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee patrolled the assembly area off the River Plate. Langsdorff’s intentions were to move to the bay of Lagos, Nigeria off the West Coast

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of Africa if he was not successful. At dawn the Graf Spee moved in an easterly direction and Langsdorff intended to change to a westerly course at 06:00. Dawn (05:30) 13th December 1939 the Graf Spee’s lookouts sighted a cluster of masts, which Captain Langsdorff interpreted belonging to the escorts of a convoy of merchantmen. As the Graf Spee turned towards them, he realized that he had run into Commodore HH Harwood’s South Atlantic cruiser squadron. He recognized the British cruiser HMS Exeter and two cruisers of the Achilles class, HMS Achilles and HMS Ajax. The British cruisers immediately prepared for battle. At 06:17 the Graf Spee opened fire on the Exeter with her 11-inch guns while the other two cruisers crammed on speed to take the pocket-battleship in the flank. The Exeter took several direct hits from the Graf Spee causing extensive damage to the cruiser. In the meantime, the Achilles and Ajax had completed their flank manoeuvre and closed in on the Graf Spee. During the second phase of the battle the Graf Spee inflicted grievous damage to the Ajax but taking small hits herself. Commodore Harwood was forced to disengage from the battle but the Graf Spee failed to pursue and under the cover of smoke headed out of the action. The battle died away and became a stern chase and as the day wore on it became clearer and clearer that Langsdorff was running for port. During the long chase, Graf Spee lashed out several times with her 11-inch guns, but Ajax and Achilles would not withdraw and continued to herd their opponent towards the Plate. When the Graf Spee finally reached Montevideo at 05:00 on 14th December 1939 the British cruisers immediately took up patrol stations off the mouth of the roadstead. The battle Langsdorff had fought against the British cruisers caused little damage of significant to the Graf Spee but 37 of his men were killed and 57 wounded out of a crew of 1100. Trapped by the British squadron, he decided to scuttle the Graf Spee and shortly after she sank, Captain Langsdorff committed suicide. The Graf Spee’s war cruise lasted 77 days, taking her at one time eastwards into the Indian Ocean and sending to the bottom nine merchantmen totalling 50 000 tons. Meanwhile the crews of the “Doric Star” and “Tairoa” which had been the cause of the battleship’s end were themselves on the way to Germany aboard the “Altmark”. There seemed every likelihood, as the “Altmark” worked its way along the Norwegian coast, well inside territorial waters, that they would finish the war in a German prison camp. But, on the night of 16th February 1940 Captain Vian of the destroyer “HMS Cossack” boarded the prison ship in Josing fjord and rescued the 299 officers and men who had been captured by the “Graf Spee” – a fitting end to the brief just stirring career of the pocket battleship.

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POLICE & THE PRESS | POLISIE EN DIE PERS

Corruption in SAPS affects ability to address gang violence – John Moodey John Moodey | 28 July 2019

DA Gauteng PL says inefficient policing is negatively impacting on strategies to deal with gangs

Corruption in SAPS affects its ability to address gang violence in GP 28 July 2019 A report released by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime has found that corruption and inefficient policing is negatively impacting on strategies to deal with gang violence. The study, Ending the Cycles of Violence conducted by the Geneva-based organisation, focused on two areas in Gauteng affected by gang violence namely Westbury and Eldorado Park. Furthermore, the report also found that it will not matter what strategy the South African Police Service (SAPS) implements as it will only be effective if the issue of corruption is addressed within the police service. Residents no longer feel safe in their homes and on the streets and do not believe that the police are able to deal with crime especially in areas that are riddled by gang violence. The Democratic Alliance (DA) has always maintained that the only way to ensure that crime is dealt with effectively in Gauteng is by having an honest and professional police service. We will continue to call for more specialised gang units in the province. The DA will continue to lobby for a professional, corruption-free and honest police service that puts the needs of our residents first. Issued by John Moodey, DA Gauteng Shadow MEC for Community Safety, 28 July 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/corruption-in-saps-affects-ability-to-address-

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Police’s inability to deal with violent unrest worrying – AfriForum Carina Bester | 04 August 2019 Reports allege that SAPS withdrew from the Joburg CBD riots to avoid bloodshed

AfriForum worried about police’s inability to deal with violent unrest in Johannesburg CBD 2 August 2019 The civil rights organisation AfriForum expresses serious concern over reports that allege that the SAPS withdrew from the Johannesburg CBD riots to avoid bloodshed, without making any arrests. In essence, the SAPS therewith confirmed that their tactics with regard to civil unrest and riots are limited to either responding with extreme force, or not responding at all. “This confirms what we have always suspected and warned against for a long time – the SAPS is understaffed, underequipped and insufficiently trained to deal with civil unrest and riots in a variety of ways,” says Ian Cameron, AfriForum’s Head of Community Safety. While other countries are increasingly moving away from the use of force in the form of shotguns with rubber bullets, the SAPS still rely heavily on this tactic to make up for a lack of tactical development. Other police services around the world meet rioters in equal or larger forces, monitor rioters and arrest the leaders to quell any unrest. AfriForum implores the SAPS to provide the necessary change of tactics, training, equipment and staff. It will help avoid this image of lawlessness in future if the police is able to respond to riots in

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a myriad of ways, without having to withdraw from a situation to avoid physical confrontation. Promises of operations after the fact fail to quickly or easily erase the image of police vehicles fleeing from a riot. Cameron concludes that ground level police cannot be blamed for the mentioned challenges, because political interference and poor leadership are the two primary causes of a crippled police service. Issued by Carina Bester, Media Relations Officer, AfriForum, 2 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/polices-inability-to-deal-with-violent-unrest-worr?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=8b0c971964-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_04_08_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-8b0c971964-130042309

When it comes to safety, we cannot work in silos – Albert Fritz Albert Fritz | 04 August 2019

WCape MEC meets with Municipalities to promote common safety strategy

MEC Albert Fritz meets with Municipalities to promote common safety strategy 2 August 2019 Today, the Minister of Community Safety, Albert Fritz, hosted a Ministerial safety workshop with Executive Mayors, Municipal Managers and Aldermen of the Cape Winelands, Central Karoo, Garden Route, Overberg and West Coast municipalities. This workshop facilitated discussions around the challenges experienced with regards to safety in these municipalities, possible solutions and the overarching role of coordinating safety bodies or Community Safety Forums (CSFs). Minister Fritz said, “A CSF aims to tackle the limitations of Community Policing Forums, which focus specifically on community police relations, by using a developmental perspective to resolve safety challenges. This involves bringing together the role-players responsible for criminal justice services that, if correctly utilised, could assist in crime prevention.” CSFs aim to increase cooperation and improve the functioning of the local criminal justice system and delivery of crime prevention projects. The benefits of implementing CSFs are that they: - Provide a sustained multi-disciplinary approach to crime prevention; - Deepen the understanding of each safety stakeholder; - Focus on safety by all service delivery agencies; - Have a multidisciplinary approach enabling the flow of communication; and - Have a common vision. Minister Fritz added, “Having a common vision is arguably the most important point of all. Latest trends reveal that there is an increase in crime across the board. As you are well aware, our rural communities, which include farmers and farm workers, are under attack as farm-related murders are equally on the rise. In the long-term, this is a threat to food security, job opportunities and economic growth.” Minister Fritz said, “When it comes to safety, we cannot work in silos. Effective crime prevention needs activity at all three levels. Local government play a vitally important role in the process of etablishing common safety plans. In terms of the Constitution, the objectives of local government are, amongst others, to promote a safe and healthy environment. Municipalities are obliged to dedicate their financial and administrative capacity towards achieving a safe and healthy environment, and to involve communities and community organisations in this process.” “It should be further noted that local, provincial and national government are not solely responsible for creating safe environments. Each and every single one of us has a role to play as it will take a whole of society approach to ensure the safety of our province. This means that as parents, teachers, NGOs and good citizens, that if we see crime we must immediately act and report it. Additionally, we should take it upon ourselves to support or volunteer in our local Neighbourhood Watches and Community Policing Forums,” said Minister Fritz.

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Under the leadership of Minister Albert Fritz, the Department of Community Safety will continue to use every tool at its disposal to improve the safety of residents in the Western Cape. Issued by Cayla Ann Tomás Murray, Spokesperson for MEC Albert Fritz, 2 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/when-it-comes-to-safety-we-cannot-work-in-silos--a?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=8b0c971964-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_04_08_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-8b0c971964-130042309

Proposed: National Health Insurance We don’t know how the NHI will affect the Police, the Defence Force and National Intelligence who

out of necessity have their own medical funds and medical sections. Even the old Natal Police

(1874 – 1913), SA Constabulary and Zarp’s had their own medical divisions as well as the

Defence Force. The Defence Force and Police send their members out to wage war and to control

dangerous situations. Medical assistance to Police and Defence Force is of paramount

importance. How can we fight if we know that we don’t have dedicated medical privileges? During

the Bush War we knew we could rely on the Medical Division (SAMS) of the SADF – HBH.

• It is time to say ‘No!’ to the NHI – IRR

The 2019 NHI Bill once again kicks the can down the road by failing to provide answers to all the key questions on the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) system, says the Institute of Race Relations (IRR).

The health ministry once again claims that the NHI will reduce the costs of healthcare and provide some 58 million South Africans with quality health services that are free at the point of delivery.

The NHI will act as ‘a giant state-run medical aid’, as former health minister Dr Aaron Motsoaledi describes it. Once it becomes fully operative, all health revenues will be paid into a single NHI Fund. This will then purchase and pay for all the healthcare goods and services provided each year to all the country’s people by both public and private health providers and facilities.

Under the NHI, the State will also control every aspect of healthcare. This means the State will decide on the healthcare services to be covered; the fees to be paid to doctors, specialists, and other providers; the medicines to be prescribed; the blood tests to be allowed; the medical equipment to be used; the health technologies to be permitted; and the prices to be paid for every item, from aspirins and ARVs to sutures and CAT scanners.

The government claims these controls will be effective in cutting costs and enhancing quality. But the huge bureaucracy needed to implement them will be costly in itself. Pervasive regulation will also stifle innovation, reduce efficiency, and promote corruption.

The main purpose of the NHI Bill is to establish the NHI Fund and its nine sub-units, allow the appointment of a host of advisory committees to help guide the Fund, and introduce a state-controlled Appeals Tribunal to decide on people’s complaints against the Fund.

But neither the Bill nor its explanatory memorandum answers any of the key questions about the NHI.

There is still no clarity on:

• what NHI will cost (at least R450bn a year, based on current state and private healthcare spending),

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• how it will be financed (through payroll and other taxes to be levied in time on a small and already overburdened tax base),

• what benefits it will cover (to be bureaucratically decided at some point),

• how the supply of healthcare services will be increased to match demand (when most poorly performing public facilities will not qualify to participate and many private practitioners may prefer to emigrate);

• how the enormous administrative burden will be met (when so many of the ANC’s deployed cadres are notoriously inept);

• how corruption will be curbed (when fraud and inflated prices already taint up to 40% of the state’s procurement);

• why medical schemes should be confined to providing ‘complementary’ and ‘top-up’ cover for healthcare services not provided by the NHI (when this will so limit the possible membership pool as to make schemes unaffordable to all but the very rich).

It is time to say ‘No’ to the uncosted and unsustainable NHI proposal and find far better ways to improve universal health coverage. Waste, fraud and inefficiency in the public health sector must be ended. Low-cost medical schemes and health insurance policies should be encouraged, not restricted. Tax-funded health vouchers should be provided to low-income households so that they can also afford to join these schemes or buy these policies. Medical schemes and health insurers will then have to compete for their custom, which will encourage innovation, promote efficiency, and help to hold down costs far better than a massive and corruption-prone NHI bureaucracy will ever do.

9,5m rounds of SAPS ammunition lost in six years – Pieter Groenewald Pieter Groenewald | 11 August 2019

FF Plus leader says these figures are shocking and totally unacceptable

Police loses 9,5 million rounds of ammunition in six years 9 August 2019 The South African Police Service (SAPS) has 'lost' more than 9,5 million (9 555 426) rounds of ammunition over the last six financial years. During the same period, 4 357 firearms were also lost. These shocking figures were revealed in an answer provided by the Minister of Police, Bheki Cele, in response to an official parliamentary question posed by Dr Pieter Groenewald, leader of the FF Plus. The question to the Minister was what number of firearms and how much ammunition in possession of the police were reported lost or stolen in each province respectively. The greatest quantity of ammunition that went missing in a single year was in the Eastern Cape where 3,2 million (3 231 406) rounds of ammunition went missing in 2016/2017. In the North West, 2,2 million (2 247 126) rounds of ammunition went missing during the 2014/2015 financial year according to the Minister's answer. Last year, the North West province lost nearly half a million (433 908) rounds of ammunition, that is the greatest quantity of all the provinces. These figures are shocking and totally unacceptable, particularly as regards the loss of ammunition. It is incomprehensible that more than 3 million rounds of ammunition can go missing in a province during a single year and nobody knows how it happened. No wonder violent crime is out of control. The police service seems to be the biggest provider of illegal ammunition. President Cyril Ramaphosa and the Minister both regularly make statements about the need for stricter control of firearms. Minister Cele himself said that the government wants to impose stricter

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conditions for the possession of firearms for self-defence in an attempt to reduce violent crime, especially murders. It, however, does not help to blame the legal owners of private firearms for crimes that are committed with firearms. The Minister's Department should get the blame. A firearm without ammunition is useless. The measures that the Minister provides as remedial steps in his response are no more than the standard rules and procedures, but clearly these are not being properly enforced. The FF Plus will request the chairperson of the Portfolio Committee for Police to urgently discuss this matter in the Committee and the relevant people must be held accountable. The FF Plus insists that heads must roll seeing as this amount to gross misconduct against the people of South Africa. Issued by Pieter Groenewald, FF Plus leader, 9 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/95-million-rounds-of-ammunition-lost-in-six-years-

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Clarity wanted on SAPS ammunition shortage – Albert Fritz Albert Fritz | 28 August 2019

Minister says 4556 officers were not able to complete their firearm proficiency tests in the 2017/18

Minister Fritz Seeks Clarity on SAPS’ Ammunition Shortage 28 August 2019 The Minister of Community Safety, Albert Fritz, notes that the SAPS are reportedly experiencing an ammunitions shortage which impacts on officers' ability to complete their firearms proficiency tests. Minister Fritz has written to Acting Police Commissioner General Sindile Mfazi seeking clarity on the SAPS ammunition shortages. In a parliamentary question asked by Mireille Wenger, MPL, to then Community Safety Minister, Dan Plato, on 20 April 2018, it was revealed 4556 officers were not able to complete their firearm proficiency tests in the 2017/18 financial year and were consequently instructed to hand in their firearms. Minister Fritz said, “I have written to the Acting Provincial Commissioner, General Mfazi, asking: 1. Whether there is in fact an ammunitions shortage within the Western Cape SAPS? 2. What the causes are for this ammunition shortage? 3. Whether any measures are in place to address the causes of these shortages? and 4. What steps are being taken in the interim to ensure that officers are not removed from operations due to not being able to complete firearms proficiency testing?” Minister Fritz further said, “Despite the Defence and Military Veterans Minister, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula’s comment that the SANDF deployment had been a success, it should be noted that these relative successes are undermined by resource and training constraints within the SAPS. This was previously demonstrated by the state of detectives report and has again been highlighted by the reported ammunitions shortage.” Under the leadership of Minister Fritz, the Department of Community Safety will continue to use every tool at its disposal, as per Section 206 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, to safeguard the Western Cape. Issued by Cayla Ann Tomás Murray, Spokesperson for Minister Albert Fritz, 28 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/clarity-wanted-on-saps-ammunition-shortage--

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https://www.westerncape.gov.za/news/detective-services-report-confirms-lack-training-and-under-resourcing

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Marked increase in SAPS Gauteng corruption – John Moodey John Moodey | 28 August 2019

DA PL says this is according to CW's 2019 Analysis of Corruption Trends Report

Corruption in Gauteng SAPS on the rise; and the highest 28 August 2019 The Democratic Alliance (DA) is shocked to learn that there has been a marked increase in corruption within the South African Police Service (SAPS). It is disappointing that the leadership in SAPS is not doing enough to curb corruption within their organisation. This information was revealed in the 2019 Analysis of Corruption Trends Report released by Corruption Watch. Furthermore, the report indicates that for the first-time corruption in the police sector has overtaken other sectors like schools, health and local government. According to the report, abuse of power is at 35.7% and bribery is at 30.6% in the police sector. In an earlier report released by Corruption Watch in June, Corruption in Uniform: When Cops Become Criminals focusing only on corruption in the police sector, it was revealed that Gauteng had 52.8% corruption, the highest in the country. The DA has always said that corruption within SAPS must be rooted out as a matter of urgency, in order to create an honest and a professional police service. Trust between residents and the police have broken down because of corruption. Gauteng residents must feel safe in their homes, places of work and on the street. The only way this can be achieved is if there is a good working relationship between residents. Corruption would be easy to get rid of in SAPS if only the good cops are willing to arrest the minority bad element in their midst, however, this begins with good leadership and political will. The DA will continue to call on government to ensure that SAPS is professionalised, corruption is eradicated and that the police competency be given to the province in order to better address local needs. In addition, the MEC for Community Safety, Faith Mazibuko, as per the DA’s numerous submissions, must look at appointing a Provincial Police Ombudsman, as is the case in the DA-governed Western Cape, to resolve complaints and ensure effective community oversight over policing Issued by John Moodey, DA Gauteng Shadow MEC for Community Safety, 28 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/corruption-in-gauteng-saps-on-the-rise-and-the-hig?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3211753a00-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_28_08_16&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-3211753a00-130042309

Nongqai cover 1937:

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Mainly of interest to former members of the Security Branch

Rodrigues Charged One Year Ago: Flashback On the 30th July 2018, one year ago, Joao Rodrigues was charged at the Johannesburg Central Police Station and appeared at the Johannesburg Magistrate Court for the murder of Ahmed Timol. The criminal case has not commenced to date. Rodrigues is back in court on Friday, 02nd August 2019. Judge Billy Mothle who presided over the historic re-opened inquest in 2017, also recommended that security branch officers, Seth sons and Neville Els be investigated for perjury. The investigation into Els and Sons has not been completed to date. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/rodrigues-charged-one-year-ago

Joao Rodrigues: Another Court Appearance More than a year after been charged on 30th July 2017, Joao Antonio Rodrigues will make another court appearance (see timeline below) at the Palmridge High Court on Friday, 02 August 2019 relating to the criminal case against him in the 1971 murder of anti-apartheid activist Ahmed Timol. The 1972 inquest ruling was overturned by Judge Billy Mothle on 12th October 2017 which found that Timol was murdered and did not commit suicide. A court date for the criminal case is as yet to be set as Rodrigues’s legal team applies for leave to appeal after the full Bench of the South Gauteng High Court rejected his application for a permanent stay of prosecution on 3rd June 2019. The National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) Shamila Batohi in her maiden appearance before parliament on 09th July 2019 told MPs that there were 37 active investigations of these TRC cases by the directorate for priority crime investigation, commonly known as the Hawks. She said that a task team of the national prosecutions authority was also reviewing the cases. Batohi was addressing the national assembly’s justice portfolio committee, to which the NPA accounts. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/joao-rodrigues-another-court-appearance

42nd Anniversary of Dr Haffejee – Inquest Halted AUGUST 03, 2019 The Family of Dr Hoosen Haffejee will commemorate his anniversary with the shattering news that the National Director of Pubic Prosecutions (NDPP) has halted the re-opening of his inquest. Saturday, 3 August 2019 marks the 42nd anniversary of the death in police detention of Dr Hoosen Mia Haffejee, at the Brighton Beach Police Station in Durban on 3 August 1977. Dr Haffejee, the 26-year-old dentist was in good spirits when he left his flat in Overport to go to work at the King George V Hospital on the morning of 3rd August 1977. En route to the hospital, Dr Haffejee was hounded off the road by members of the Security Branch. He was arrested and detained under contravention of the Terrorism Act on suspicion of being a trained saboteur and

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plotting to overthrow the State. Within 20 hours of his arrest, Dr. Haffejee was dead. Police claimed that he had allegedly hung himself with a pair of trousers. A 1978 Inquest ruled that Dr Haffejee had taken his own life and no one was to blame. His death was ruled as suicide by hanging. He was the 45th detainee to die in police detention. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/42nd-anniversary-of-dr-haffejee-inquest-halted

43rd Anniversary of Mapetla Mohapi The 5th August 2019 marks the 43rd anniversary of the death of Mapetla Mohapi (age 29), former member of the South African Students’ Organisation (SASO) and the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM). A month after the start of the 1976 Soweto uprising, in a swoop of Black Consciousness activists, Mapetla was detained without charge on 16 July 1976. Twenty days after his arrest, Mapetla died in police custody at the Kei Road Police Station in King Williams Town on 5 August 1976. In an inquest that was held in 1977, Magistrate A. J. Swart found that Mapetla Mohapi died from an application of force to the neck and that nobody was to be blamed. In effect, though not in form, the verdict was of suicide. Mohapi studied at the University of the North (Turfloop), where he graduated with a degree in Social Work; BA (Soc SC) in the early 1970s. After students at several Black universities held pro-Frelimo rallies in October 1974 to celebrate the independence of Mozambique, Mohapi, together with several other leaders of SASO and the Black People’s Convention, were detained under the Terrorism Act on 11 October 1974 and released in April 1975, 173 days later without any charges laid against him. Steve Biko, Dr Mamphela Ramphele and Ambassador Thenjiwe Mtintso were some of his many contemporaries. Read More http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/43rd-anniversary-of-mapetla-mohapi

South Africa’s ‘Moral Compromise’: Why More Than 300 Apartheid-Era Atrocities Remain Unsolved By Christopher Clark August 7 The Washington Post Johannesburg — Nokuthula Simelane, a bright and ambitious 23-year-old anti-apartheid activist, was just two weeks away from graduating from college when she disappeared without a trace in September 1983. Her parents took a three-hour bus trip from the farming town of Bethal in South Africa’s Mpumalanga province to the University of Swaziland to attend her graduation, desperately hoping that she would be there. She was nowhere to be found. “I was distraught. I couldn’t stop crying. I couldn’t eat. I couldn’t sleep,” Simelane’s mother, Ernestine, 79, recalled last week, sitting in the meticulously tidy brick bungalow where Simelane grew up as the eldest of four children. The family later learned that Simelane had been abducted and subjected to weeks of brutal torture by members of apartheid’s notorious security police. Her family never saw her again. “I’m still waiting to know the truth,” Ernestine Simelane said. Almost exactly 36 years since Nokuthula Simelane’s disappearance, and a quarter-century since apartheid ended, four former police officers are due to stand trial Thursday for her kidnapping, torture and alleged murder, although the whereabouts of her body is still unknown. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/south-africas-moral-compromise-why-more-than-300-apartheid-era-atrocities-remain-unsolved

Justice for Hoosen Haffejee still on hold The NPA continues to make excuses about why inquests into apartheid deaths have not moved forward. But the families of the dead are moving things forward. By: Tymon Smith - 15 Aug 2019 New Frame

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With the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announcing plans to reopen inquests into the deaths in detention of Neil Aggett and Hoosen Haffejee, it may seem as if it is honouring its recently renewed commitment to helping families of those who died during apartheid finally to get the justice they seek. Recent revelations about these cases show that the NPA, now led by Shamila Batohi, is not overtly interfering in the prosecution of Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) cases, as occurred during previous administrations. Nevertheless, it is still families and not the NPA who are forced to move matters forward. Last week it was reported that in both the Aggett and Haffejee cases it was only after threats of legal action against the NPA from the families’ representatives that Batohi said she had asked the judge presidents of Gauteng and Kwa-Zulu Natal to appoint judges to hear the reopened inquests. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/justice-for-hoosen-haffejee-still-on-hold

Haffejee Inquest: Security Branch Operative dies days after decision to reopen case AUGUST 21, 2019 Paddy Harper 20 Aug 2019 10:50 A former Security Branch operative implicated in the death of anti-apartheid activist Dr Hoosen Haffejee has died, days after the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) restarted the process of reopening an inquest into Haffajee’s death in detention. Colonel James Taylor, who was involved in the arrest and interrogation of Haffejee in the days before his death in the Brighton Beach police cells in August 1977, died on Monday. Taylor’s death robs the Haffejee family of the opportunity to hear his version of what happened to Haffejee, who had been detained in terms of the Terrorism Act. An inquest at the time found Haffejee had taken his own life and ruled that injuries to his body were not linked to his death. However, an investigation into his death and that of fellow detainee Dr Neil Aggett was opened by the NPA in 2015. The NPA however, decided to halt the investigation last month and only agreed to request fresh inquests into the two deaths after threats of legal action from the families of the men. Imtiaz Cajee, nephew of murdered detainee Ahmed Timol, said the families were “livid” that the delays in bringing the matter to court had resulted in Taylor dying before giving evidence. http://www.ahmedtimol.co.za/haffejee-inquest-security-branch-operative-dies-days-after-decision-to-reopen-case

Rodrigues Application for Appeal to be heard The application for leave to appeal against the full bench decision of the South Gauteng High Court in the matter of State vs Rodrigues will be heard on Wednesday, 18 September 2019 at 10:00 (Room to be confirmed). On the 28th June 2019, the full bench dismissed the application for a permanent stay of prosecution brought by Joao Rodrigues’s legal teams on 28th and 29th March 2019. Rodrigues was investigated as per the historic ruling made by Judge Billy Mothle on the 12th October 2017 in the re-opening of the Ahmed Timol Inquest. The 2017 inquest reversed the 1972 finding that Timol had committed suicide. It found that Timol was murdered in police detention on 27th October 1971. Timol was the 22nd person to have died in police detention. Many more were to follow. Written heads of Arguments by the legal teams is to be submitted before 31st August 2019. ….Ends Issued by Imtiaz Ahmed Cajee – Nephew of Ahmed Timol

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MILITARY AND THE MEDIA | MILITÊR EN DIE MEDIA

• Head Scarf Dispute: SANDF vs Major Fatima Isaacs In light of August being Women’s month, it is incredibly important that we highlight the issue of Major Fatima Isaacs and the fight she is currently enduring against a major governmental institution, for her rights. Major Fatima Isaacs is appearing in the South African National Defence Force’s (SANDF) Military Court on Wednesday, 7 August at 8.30 am, where a trial date is to be formally set forth. On 16 July 2019, the SANDF, the Muslim Judicial Council of South Africa (MJC SA) and Major Isaacs’ legal team entered into an agreement which outlined an “interim” understanding. This mutual understanding was supposed to lead to the charges against Major Isaacs being dropped – given the declaration in the meeting that “interim relief” would be provided for Muslim women serving in the SANDF to wear an under scarf. Major Isaacs’ team is still awaiting formal and public confirmation of the “interim relief” relating to the under scarf, as per the joint media briefing between the MJC SA and the SANDF at the Cape Town Castle. The under scarf is supposed to be accepted and worn until the concerned parties deliberate and formally agree to the implementation of – the Islamically compliant – full hijab. The issue of the charges against Major Isaacs ought to be resolved, especially considering the acceptance of the offer to settle the case amicably as well as the resolution and understanding of the under scarf being allowed as an interim measure. Contact Media Liaison Ms Nazeema Mohamed (079 510 3593) Received from: Vinesh Selvan via WhatsApp

Boy, 15, appears in court for allegedly killing SANDF soldier News24 | 28 August 2019

Michael Njomane was found in the boot of a burnt-out govt car

Boy, 15, appears in court for allegedly kidnapping, robbing and killing soldier 28 August 2019 A 15-year-old boy appeared in the Blue Downs Magistrate's Court on Wednesday on charges of murder, robbery with aggravating circumstances and kidnapping, in connection with the abduction of soldier Michael Njomane. The teenager was arrested on Tuesday and appeared in camera (closed proceedings) because he is a minor. Minors facing charges are ordinarily assisted by a social worker and as part of the court process, it must be established whether they have criminal capacity. National Prosecuting Authority spokesperson Eric Ntabazalila said the boy's case was postponed to the same court on Thursday, where he is expected to appear with another person who was

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arrested so far. Njomane's body was found in the boot of a burnt-out government car, also in Blue Downs. Private memorial service The City of Cape Town's fire brigade discovered the body after they were called to extinguish a car fire on August 18. Blue Downs is a mixture of residential suburbs, open fields, small livestock farms and sand dunes, with roads twisting and turning between the barren and built-up sections. Ntabazalila named the co-accused as Theo Loggenberg. In the meantime, as the two return to court on Thursday, the grieving Njomane family will hold a private memorial service for him. Njomane is survived by his wife and four dependents. His funeral is expected to be held in Idutywa in the Eastern Cape on Saturday. He was recently transferred to one of the military units in Cape Town and had been in service since June 1994. The SA National Defence Force is supporting the police's anti-gang and anti-crime operations in Cape Town. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/boy-15-appears-in-court-for-allegedly-killing-sand?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3211753a00-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_28_08_16&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-3211753a00-130042309

Stray cattle render R53m Somerset East Airfield unusable - DA ECape

Vicky Knoetze | 28 August 2019

Vicky Knoetze says municipality has failed to replace a fence that was stolen in 2016

R53 Million Somerset East Airfield now cattle grazing field 28 August 2019 The R53-million Somerset East Airfield that was opened in January 2016, has now become nothing more than grazing field for stray cattle due to the Blue Crane Route Local Municipality’s failure to act. The airfield, with its 1.2km long runway, was built by the Cacadu Development Agency in collaboration with the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. It was supposed to be the gateway for transportation of domestic produce and tourism to the Zuurberg Heritage Corridor, as well as being a catalyst for significant economic and industrial development in the region. Instead, it has become a death trap, riddled with stray animals, because the municipality has failed to replace a fence that was stolen in 2016, despite numerous requests for it to do so, and has failed to establish a functioning pound for stray animals in the area. The DA has also been informed that a private air school, which had established a fair-weather base at the airstrip in 2016, and which was making use of the facilities and local accommodation for students, has also had to be closed due to fact that the airfield is not operational. I have submitted questions for written reply to the MEC of COGTA, Xolile Nqata, asking for further clarity with regards to the stolen fencing and when this will be replaced, the reinstatement of 24-hour security at the airfield, and what steps will be taken to ensure the safety of aircraft landing at the airstrip. If nothing is done to ensure the reinstatement of this airstrip, then it is R53-million of wasted taxpayers’ money, and nothing more than another white elephant for this province. The R53 million could then rather have been used to improve the lives of the people in Somerset East, it could have gone a long way in delivering better services and providing people with access to basic human rights including housing, water and electricity. This is a slap in face for the fight against poverty, unemployment and inequality. The Democratic Alliance will continue to hold the current government to account over irregular, fruitless and wasteful expenditure, and the prioritisation of spending to ensure better services for the people of the Eastern Cape.

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/boy-15-appears-in-court-for-allegedly-kidnapping-robbing-and-killing-soldier-20190828

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Issued by Vicky Knoetze, DA Shadow Eastern Cape MEC for COGTA, 28 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/r53-million-somerset-east-airfield-now-cattle-graz?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3211753a00-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_08_28_08_16&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-3211753a00-130042309

Ghost riders in the sky! Three US stealth bombers - each costing $2.1bn and with call-sign 'DEATH' - soar over Dover after leaving RAF base for secret training mission in Europe

Two US Stealth Bombers, which cost $1.2billion each and $135,000 an hour to operate, have been pictured taking part in training exercises with RAF pilots above Dover today. Three of the B2 Spirit bombers, designed to be virtually undetectable to radar and carry nuclear bombs, arrived under cover of darkness on Tuesday night at RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire. The base has been specially re-designed for them with a longer landing strip and climate-controlled B" aircraft hangers. Two of the warplanes were seen flying today alongside B-35B RAF lightning aircraft, marking the first time they have practised integrated flying with non-US F-35's. The United States initially ordered 132 B2 bombers before scaling the order back to 20 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. They have been used in combat in fighting over Kosovo, where they bombed Serbian forces, to take out Taliban targets in Afghanistan, and more recently to hit ISIS positions in Syria. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7411337/Three-Stealth-Bombers-costing-2-1bn-RAF-air-base-training-Europe.html

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https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7411337/Three-Stealth-Bombers-costing-2-1bn-RAF-air-base-training-Europe.html






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CORRECTIONAL SERVICES | KORREKTIEWE DIENSTE

Parlementêre begrotingsdebat: Korrektiewe Dienste - Oorvol gevangenisse het belangrike

rol in groeiende misdaadomgewing in Suid-Afrika: Jaco Mulder: VF Plus-LP Vir ‘n gemeenskap om te oorleef moet daar reëls wees. Mense het grense nodig en mense reageer verskillend op hierdie riglyne en beperkings. Gevangenisse is daar vir diegene wat nie binne hierdie riglyne hou nie en om hulle op die regte pad te help. Suid-Afrika se samelewing raak toenemend misdadig en gewelddadig en die neiging is ongelukkig om hierdie misdaadkultuur in plekke van aanhouding voort te sit. Daarom is dit belangrik om omstandighede vir misdadigers skep om hulle produktief besig te hou en om ander vaardighede aan te leer. Die VF Plus stem daarom saam dat dit ŉ goeie inisiatief is om aangehoudenes landbouvaardighede aan te leer om hul tyd en energie daarop toe te spits. Dit kan bydra tot die ware rehabilitasie van mense in aanhouding en mettertyd kan geskoolde arbeid selfs ŉ bydrae tot die ekonomie lewer. Wat die departement se administrasie aanbetref, verwelkom die VF Plus die vinnige kansellering van die African Global Operations (AGO)- en Bosasa-kontrakte. Dit is nogtans kommerwekkend dat dit in die eerste plek toegelaat is. Die VF Plus is ook bekommerd oor die onreëlmatige besteding van R1,987 miljard in 2017/18. Oorsig oor die departement se uitgawes sal moet verbeter en daar sal ag geslaan moet word op die regstellende aanbevelings van die Ouditeur-Generaal (OG). Die aantal ontsnappings, geweld en onnatuurlike sterftes by gevangenisse bly onaanvaarbaar hoog en sal aandag moet geniet. Intussen bly misdaad die produk van sosiale probleme in ŉ gemeenskap. Ekonomiese groei, werkskepping, effektiewe onderwys, wetstoepassing, 'n behoorlike kriminele regstelsel en veral 'n morele wedergeboorte in die land is al wat werklik sal bydra tot minder misdaad en minder gevangenes. Gevangenisse is oorbevolk met 37% en volgens die VF Plus is die departement se begroting van R25,407 miljard onvoldoende gegewe die misdaadsituasie in Suid-Afrika. [Bron: VF-Plus-nuusbrief gedateer 27 Julie 2019]

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“WE WILL REMEMBER THEM”: CAPT. CHARLES ROSS (SAN – RTD.)

South Africans: Commonwealth War Casualties Buried Across the World: Part

Nineteen by Captain (SAN) Charles Ross (SA Navy Retired)

South Africans participated in almost every theatre of war during both the First and Second World

Wars. According to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Casualty Data Base 7 290

(includes 607 unknown) First World War casualties and 9 986 (includes 84 unknown) Second

World War casualties are buried in 1 207 cemeteries while 2 959 First World War and 2 005

Second World War casualties are commemorated on 48 memorials. This does not include the 1

750 members of the South African Native Labour Corps and the 306 from the South African Book

of Remembrance whose names are in the process of being added to the Commonwealth War

Graves Commission’s Casualty Data Base.

With South Africans having served far and wide it is not surprising that you would find single or

small group graves in cemeteries across the world. Here are some of those cemeteries where

one or a very small group of South Africans are buried.

• Meldola War Cemetery Italy On 3 September 1943 the Allies

invaded the Italian mainland, the

invasion coinciding with an armistice

made with the Italians who then re-

entered the war on the Allied side.

Following the fall of Rome to the Allies

in June 1944, the German retreat

became ordered and successive

stands were made on a series of

defensive lines. In the northern

Apennine mountains the last of these,

the Gothic Line, was breached by the

Allies during the Autumn campaign

and the front inched forward as far as

Ravenna in the Adriatic sector, but

with divisions transferred to support

the new offensive in France, and the

Germans dug in to a number of key defensive positions, the advance stalled as winter set in.

Meldola War Cemetery was originally a battlefield cemetery of the 46th Division, into which a few burials

were concentrated; they all date from the last week of October and the month of November 1944. Meldola

itself was taken on 30 October, and in the ensuing month the 46th and 4th Divisions advanced to the

Lamone River.

Meldola War Cemetery contains 145 Commonwealth burials of the Second World War.

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Lieutenant H. D. Wheeler, 3 Squadron South African Air Force, who died on 05 November 1944 is the

only South African buried in the cemetery.

• Maktau Indian Cemetery: Kenya The cemetery was used from March, 1915,

to May, 1916, and it contains 16 graves,

including 1 unidentified. At Maktau a small

British mounted force was ambushed and

destroyed on the 4th September, 1915;

and later there were established at Maktau

a fortified camp, a reinforcement depot

and an Indian clearing hospital.

Bearer A. R. Kitsna, 1st Company South

African Indian Bearer Corps who died on

13 May 1916 is the only South African

buried in this cemetery.

• Pandua War Cemetery: Italy On 3 September 1943 the Allies invaded the

Italian mainland, the invasion coinciding with

an armistice made with the Italians who then

re-entered the war on the Allied side.

The Allied advance was stalled for two

successive winters: in 1943 on the German

defensive position known as the Gustav

Line, stretching from the river Gargliano in

the west to the Sangro in the east, and in

1944 on the Gothic Line in the northern

Appenine mountains. At the beginning of

April 1945, the Allies launched their final

offensive against the German positions

spread out in a line across Italy, south of

Bologna. German resistance was by now

beginning to disintegrate and the Allies were able to fan out rapidly across the Po valley.

Padua War Cemetery lies in the zone of the Allied breakthrough in the spring of 1945 when, despite some

resistance, the town was captured by Indian troops.

The cemetery contains 517 commonwealth burials of the Second World War, 32 of them unidentified.

There are also four war graves of other nationalities and one non-war burial.

There are 72 South Africans from the Second World War buried in this cemetery.

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• Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension: Italy The Italians entered the war on the Allied side,

declaring war on Austria, in May 1915.

Commonwealth forces were at the Italian front

between November 1917 and November 1918,

and rest camps and medical units were

established at various locations in northern Italy

behind the front, some of them remaining until

1919.

Between April 1918 and February 1919 those

who died from wounds or disease in the 9th,

24th and 39th Casualty Clearing Stations were

buried either here or at Dueville. Certain graves

were brought in after the Armistice from other

burial grounds in the area.

Montecchio Precalcino Communal Cemetery Extension contains 439 Commonwealth burials of the First

World War.

Major Atholl Murray-Macgregor MC, South African Heavy Artillery, attached to 172nd Siege Battery

Royal Garrison Artillery who died on 07 December 1918 is the only South African buried in this cemetery.

• Aberdeen Trinity Cemetery: United Kingdom Aberdeen (Trinity) Cemetery is at

the end of Errol Street, between

King Street (the road to Old

Aberdeen) and the sea, within the

city.

(The Aberdeen (Trinity) Cemetery,

Broadhill Extension, is a separately

enclosed cemetery divided from the

main cemetery by a road (Park

Road) to the beach.).

1914 -1918 Graves specified as

(SP) in the entries are in a special

Military Plot in Section I., those

specified as (CMP) are in a Naval

Plot in Section F, those specified as

(CG) are in common ground in

Section N and the remainder are

scattered private graves in the cemetery.

1939-1945 graves are scattered throughout the cemetery.

A Screen Wall is erected carrying bronze panels on which particulars of all First World War Graves in the

cemetery are inscribed.

There are around 170 burials of 1914-1918, (including 1 unidentified sailor of the Royal Navy in F.3.

554(CMP)), and around 30 burials of 1939-1945. In addition there is 1 Non World War burial.

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Corporal A. A. Paterson, 4th Regiment South African Infantry, is the only South African buries in this

cemetery.

• Aberdeen St Peter’s Cemetery – United Kingdom Private R. Clark, 4th Regiment South

African Infantry, who died on 30 March

1916 is the only South African buried in

this cemetery.

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ANGLO BOER WAR | ANGLO BOERE-OORLOG

Vrouedag 9 Augustus 2019: Nico Moolman

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Nico skryf verder:

Dit was gister (9 Augustus ..Vrouedag) en vandag 10 jaar gelede dat ek in die voorportaal van die Manohra Hotel in Bangkok, Thailand, Soi 20 se ‘Fat Lady ‘ straatkafee en in verskeie Patpong kroeë en Soi 8 se ‘El Gordo’s Cantina’ die verhaal van Susan Nell gehoor het, wat ek as The Boer Whore O.H.M.S. die lig laat sien het, tuis op huis-bodem.

ŉ Boek opgedra aan elke vrou of meisiekind wat ooit aan die hand of handeling van ŉ man seergekry het.

So ook aan die M.O.T.H.S.

Haar aangenome dogter Lucille het na ŉ stuitige opmerking van my oor haar been in Afrikaans, my berispe. Vandag weet duisende mense wêreldwyd van Susan Nell se storie a.g.v. van verskeie mediums wat die verhaal oordra.

Daar is Kamphoer, die boek, toneelstuk en besprekings op TV en Faceboek. Die Hollandse vertaling, Die Franse een wat volg, die gespreksforum in Kanada deur Piet Grobler in museums aldaar en in Wallis deur Celia Green.

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(Sy het ook die agterblad van my boek geskryf.) Eposse van oor die wêreld. Feite joernaliste sonder die feite skryf lustig.

Ewenwil dit is my storie Binnekort word dit verfilm.

Die draaiboek is ongelooflik. Veral die hofsaak in Kanchanaburi, Thailand met die verhoor van die Japanese oorlog misdadigers. Ongelukkig nie in Kamphoer nie. Ian Roberts gaan ŉ Oscar standaard rolprent uit die digitale spens van tegnologie uit tower. .../

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Gewapende Boervrou

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Emily Hobhouse Dit is ook gepas om gedurende Vroue-maand ook vir Emily Hobhouse in herinnering te roep!

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THE OBSERVATION POST: PETER DICKENS

https://samilhistory.com

Taking gallantry at Delville Wood to a whole new level; William Faulds VC MC In the company of one of extremely brave men of the 1st South African Infantry Brigade, tasked with holding a wood ‘against all odds’ in what was the ‘fire hell battle on the Somme’ – the Battle of Delville Wood, it is quite something to stand out as the “bravest of the brave”.

William Faulds, a young man who won a Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry, at Delville Wood is quite literally a case of a normal young South African placed in an extraordinary circumstance, only to emerge with that “X” factor which sets him apart, and that’s quite something considering everyone around him can in their own right can take the mantle of the ‘bravest of the brave’, such was the nature of the battle.

To put his action into context, the South Africans holding Delville Wood on the Somme in 1916 were shelled by the Germans at a rate of 500 rounds per minute, into their positions which occupied a small wood only a square kilometer in size. In inadequate trenches (the wood’s roots prevented digging them deeply enough), when shelling stopped long enough, they were faced with German Imperial troop attacks of such ferocity that the bayonet and hand to hand fighting became the only means to survive.

When the South Africans were relieved on 20th July 1916, just 5 days after entering the wood, of the 1,500 South African infantry men initially sent in, there were only 142 survivors still holding the wood.

https://samilhistory.com/

https://samilhistory.com/2017/07/12/taking-gallantry-at-delville-wood-to-a-whole-new-level-william-faulds-vc-mc/


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So what does this young man, who had worked at Midland Motor Garage in Craddock and who had only just turned 21, have to make him react differently in the midst of universal gallantry and carnage on an epic level? Here is his story: Young William ‘Mannie” Faulds from Craddock, together with his brother, Paisley and some school chums joined up with the South African forces to fight during World War One. Arthur Schooling (his best friend), and William both enlisted together and went everywhere together. Together they even fought under the command of General Louis Botha during the South West African Campaign and then again in Egypt, before the two of them shipped out to fight in the Battle of the Somme in France. During the Battle of Delville Wood (part of the Somme Campaign), on 16th July 1916, Arthur Schooling was shot dead in no-man’s land (the ‘killing zone’ between the South African and German lines), leaving a very distraught and shocked William Faulds feeling utterly helpless. On the same day, 16th July, Lt. Arthur Craig (1st Battalion Bravo Company) was also shot and lay wounded close to the body of Arthur Schooling in the killing zone (no-man’s land).

Pte. William Faulds dug deep to find the bravery for this, and along with Pte. Clifford Baker and Pte. Alexander Estment, all three took matters into their own hands to rescue their officer. In broad daylight at 10:30am, they climbed out from behind the relative safety of the defences and crawled to their severely wounded Lieutenant, then they ‘piggy-backed’ him back to safety. Pte. Baker was badly wounded in the attempt. Lt. Craig survived thanks to these three brave ‘Springboks’ and recovered his wounds later in the Richmond Hospital, London.

William Faulds and Alexander Estment returned to their positions in the wood and continued fighting in what can only be described as combat in the extreme. The initial act of gallantry alone was quite something, but there was still more in young Faulds, and it’s here that we start to see ‘X’ factor that makes a Victoria Cross recipient different from the rest. Because just two short days later, he was faced with exactly the same situation again – a critically wounded comrade in no-man’s land, but this time William Faulds was alone, and once again he put his life on the line, exposed himself by leaving the relative safety of the trenches (such as it was) and entered no-man’s land (the ‘killing zone’) under intense incoming artillery fire, to rescue another yet another of his comrades and alone carried him from certain death, for nearly half a mile, to a medical station. Victoria Cross His citation for his Victoria Cross says everything:

“For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty. A bombing party under Lieut. Craig attempted to rush across 40 yards of ground which lay between the British and enemy trenches. Coming under very heavy rifle and machine gun fire the officer and the majority of the party were killed or wounded. Unable to move, Lieut. Craig lay midway between the two lines of trench, the ground being quite open. In full daylight Pte. Faulds, accompanied by two other men, climbed over the parapet, ran out, and picked up the officer, and carried him back, one man being severely wounded in so doing. Two days later, Private Faulds again showed most conspicuous bravery in going out alone to bring in a wounded man, and carrying him nearly half a mile to a dressing station, subsequently re-joining his platoon. The artillery fire was at the time so intense that stretcher-bearers and others considered that any attempt to bring in the wounded man meant certain death. This risk Private Faulds faced unflinchingly, and his bravery was crowned with success (London Gazette 9 September 1916)”.

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With that, William Faulds became the first South African born recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) during World War 1. It was this extra rescue, the repetition of bravery in the extreme which set him apart from his two comrades involved in the first rescue of Lt. Craig, no doubt equally extraordinary – both Clifford Baker and Alexander Estment were awarded the Military Medal (MM) for bravery. William Faulds continued to fight, and again showed bravery and leadership in the extreme, and was later awarded the Military Cross (MC), a lessor award to the Victoria Cross, but no less important. He received it for leading men during German attacks at Heudecourt, enabling rest of Battalion to withdraw with only slight losses.

Military Cross His second citation for the Military Cross says everything and reads:

“In the retirement from the line east of Hendicourt, 22 March 1918, he was commanding one of the platoons which formed the rear-guard. He handled his men most ably, and exposed himself freely. Though the enemy pressed hard, he, by his fearless and able leadership, checked them, and enabled the remainder of the battalion to withdraw with slight loss”.

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He was eventually wounded and captured by the German Forces on 24th March 1918 at the Battle of Marrieres Wood. He was released as a prisoner-of-war after the Armistice on 11 November 1918 and returned to South Africa. Post War On his return he was promoted to a Lieutenant and took up a civilian job as a mechanic with De Beers Diamond Mine. In 1922 he re-enlisted with the Kimberley Regiment and was made a Captain. Later he moved to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and in 1937 he was member of Southern Rhodesia contingent at the King’s Coronation. Not without a sense of humour, when his daughter was born, he expressed the wish of having her named Victoria Faulds (falls). His wife objected strongly to what would have stacked up to become potential ridicule for the young girl and she was christened “Joy” instead. William Faulds died on the 16th August 1950 in Salisbury (now Harare) and is buried in the Salisbury Pioneer Cemetery. His Victoria Cross was held by the Museum of Military History in Saxonwold, South Africa, and such is the nature of our disregard for national heroes and treasures, it was stolen from the museum in October 1994.

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References: The VC and the GC, The Complete History, published by Methuen and The VC and GC Association in 2013. Three of South Africa’s WW1 Delville Wood heroes – by Miss Joan Abrahams. The painting is an artist`s impression of the action at Deville Wood for which William Faulds was awarded the Victoria Cross. From the book “Deeds that thrill the Empire” Vol 5. Insert Artwork: Men in the Trenches, near Hendicourt by Adrian Hill, Imperial War Museum copyright

NATIONAL SECURITY: NASIONALE VEILIGHEID Land panel report puts a bullet through the ‘new dawn’s’ brain – IRR The Institute of Race

Relations (IRR) has warned that the recommendations of the Presidential Advisory Panel on Land

Reform, released yesterday, risk triggering devastating consequences for investment and

economic growth. The Panel has recommended among other things that:

• The government proceed to amend the Constitution to dilute property rights protections to explicitly allow for expropriation without compensation;

• The government move towards expropriating various forms of property;

• Foreign property ownership be restricted;

• Farm sizes be capped and farmers forced to surrender the surplus; and

• Taxes be imposed on land owners. IRR CEO Frans Cronje said the proposals were ‘economically suicidal’ and that the Panel report amounted to a ‘130-page formula to destroy the economy’. Said Cronje: ‘The South African economy is in dire straits. Debt levels have doubled in a decade. The deficit is a multiple of the economic growth rate. Unemployment rates are a multiple of

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emerging market norms. Significant capital and skills flight is occurring. Last week, Moody’s downgraded its growth outlook for the country while Fitch downgraded its rating outlook to negative. To release a report that proposes the steps set out by the Land Panel is simply reckless. The report will do nothing to secure investor sentiment and I am afraid it has put a bullet through the ‘new dawn’s’ brain. The government will have to move very quickly to contain the fallout.’ Cronje said the fallout ‘will have implications for the whole economy as the principles inherent in EWC spread to sectors as diverse as healthcare and financial services’. ‘The National Health Insurance proposal is essentially a step towards seizing the businesses of private doctors. Moves towards prescribed assets herald the same for pension fund beneficiaries. Few people anticipated that doctors and pensioners would lose their assets to the principles at the centre of EWC dogma ahead of farmers. ‘There is enough here to say that South Africa’s prospects for economic reform and increasing living standards are now stillborn and this will remain the case until EWC is taken off the table,’ Cronje said. The IRR will study the report and comment in more detail in due course.

We need to close our borders, because drugs are coming in - Mashaba News24 | 30 July 2019

Joburg mayor says he hates drug dealers, believes they should be locked up

'We need to close our borders, because drugs are coming in' - Mashaba 30 July 3019 Johannesburg Mayor Herman Mashaba has reiterated his call for national government to tighten the country's borders. Mashaba said the country's open borders were contributing to a drug infestation within the city. He was addressing the media, at an under-construction drug rehabilitation centre in Westbury on Tuesday. "To win the war against drugs, without any doubt, we need to implement interim measures. If we are serious about winning more wars against drugs coming into our country, we need law enforcement that is serious about fighting crime. "We need to close our borders, because drugs are coming into our country. We also need to close our borders to stop human trafficking," he said. Mashaba said human trafficking was related to drugs, because young women were given drugs to commit "unacceptable acts". "For us to win, we need the media that understands that, when we raise these issues about closed borders and human trafficking, we are not xenophobic. If we allow criminal syndicates to come and run our country, we will have huge problems. We need the media that understands," he said. The mayor said drug dealers should be locked up. "All of you are aware how I deeply hate drug dealers, because they destroy our communities. I have no tolerance and I don't apologise to anyone. "We need to find short-term solutions to deal with the problem. The long-term solution is to lock them up and throw away the keys." Mashaba said the R4m rehabilitation centre was a short-term solution. "As government, we have a responsibility to get them (drug addicts) out of their situation. Our long-term solution is to deal decisively with drug dealers, because they are the ones causing this problem. "This place was formerly used as a 'lolly lounge', where young children as young as 12 are being trained into a life that is a shame to society. We need to protect them," he said. The centre is situated at the Westbury Primary Health Care Clinic. It will officially be opened in October. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/we-need-to-close-our-borders-because-drugs-are-com?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=918d6c55fa-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_07_30_07_24&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-918d6c55fa-130042309

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ANCYL 'never contacted' us - Camp Zenith News24 | 30 July 2019

Youth League was allegedly preparing to offer members military training, gun handling and guerilla

tactics

ANCYL 'never contacted' us about 'military training' weekend – Camp Zenith 30 July 2019 The campsite where the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) in Johannesburg was preparing to offer its members military training, gun handling and guerilla tactics knows nothing about the event. Camp Zenith says it was "never contacted" by the ANCYL, adding that ''the intent is to train citizens for warfare is definitely against the values of our peace-loving campsite". An advert has been making the rounds about an ANCYL spring weekend getaway in August that will include these activities, and costing each member R500, News24 reported. The ANCYL's Bheki Nkutha confirmed to 702 that the advert was indeed real. The activities listed include flag-pole raising and lowering (sic), an obstacle course, swimming, hiking, military training, gun handling and guerrilla tactics at Camp Zenith in Heidelberg. Camp Zenith has now officially responded. In a Facebook post, the camp said: "It has been brought to our attention that the ANCYL intends on having their military training event [at] our facility. "This first came to our attention last week Thursday when a photo of their poster was sent to us by a member of the local community in Heidelberg who happens to be a member of the ANCYL. We would like to state that an inquiry for this event was never sent to us from ANCYL, therefore allocation of space and the use of the facility [was] never permitted. Upon receipt of the poster, we immediately inquired as to the advert [and] we were told that it was released before talking to us in error and would be corrected. "We are not a political organisation nor officially affiliate with any political party. We are simply a venue with a vision to be a catalyst that ignites positive change and promotes development. We are in the community and for the community," reads the Facebook post. It continues: "[The] ANCYL never contacted us regarding this event before publishing the event. They never booked our facility and, in fact, our facility was booked months ago for these dates so had they even inquired, they would not have received even a quote for the event as advertised. "Upon being made aware that the intent is to train citizens for warfare, is definitely against the values of our peace-loving campsite. We are a Christian campsite and our goal and mission is purely for the good of the people of South Africa, and we have never, nor will ever, promote violence or hate speech towards any race in our beautiful land." News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/ancyl-never-contacted-us--camp-zenith?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=918d6c55fa-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_07_30_07_24&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-918d6c55fa-130042309

SA’s fiscal death spiral Dawie Roodt | 31 July 2019

Dawie Roodt says there is no easy way out of our current predicament

The astounding levels of corruption and plundering in the country is certainly a reason for most South Africans to experience a feeling of despair. And let us not be shy to point the fingers to the most destructive force this country has ever seen: the ANC and its alliance partners. Sure, there was a change of guard. Zuma was just the symbol of corruption, incompetence and state capture. We may have a new president, but it is still the same ANC. Judging from president

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ancyl-never-contacted-us-about-military-training-weekend-camp-zenith-20190730

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Ramaphosa’s actions so far, he must either be weak, doesn’t appreciate the danger in which the South African economy is, or he simply doesn’t care. I think we have a weak president that simply doesn’t have the political capital to implement unpopular structural changes. All that is left for him to do is to use (gutted) institutions, like the NPA, to do the heavy lifting for him. He is playing the “long-game”, but this economy doesn’t have a long time. Even if we can somehow wave a magic wand and get rid of all the corruption and incompetence in the state and SOEs overnight, the perilous condition of the state’s finances will need an extraordinary attempt to save us from further economic collapse. The fiscal deficit (“fiscal” is derived from the same Latin word that means basket in which money [tax collections] is kept) is the difference between what the state (usually defined as the “national government”) spends minus its revenue (taxes). This deficit is the amount of new money the state needs to borrow and is usually expressed as a percentage of GDP. Here’s a party trick; take the fiscal deficit to the GDP of a country for a period (usually a fiscal year) and subtract the rate of economic growth from this number. What is left is roughly how many percentage points the state debt-to-GDP will increase. For example, our fiscal models suggest that the fiscal deficit in the current fiscal year (2019/20) is probably going to be around 6%. Fiscal years start from 1 April every year. State debt as a percentage of GDP at the start of this fiscal year was 56.7%. We expect economic growth for the current fiscal year to be approximately 0.5%, but for simplicity’s sake, let’s call it 1%. Now, the trick continues: 6% (the deficit: GDP) minus 1% (GDP-growth) gives you 5%, which is the rate at which the fiscal debt to GDP will increase this year. Add the 5% to the existing 56.7% of state debt and we will end the fiscal year with debt of approximately 62%. There are a few other variables that will also affect this ratio, but for a simple back-of-matchbox calculation this simple model will suffice. Now, repeat this process for the next number of years. Not pretty… That is the reason why state finances find itself in such a death-defying spiral; because, especially since 2009, state spending was increased relentlessly at a time when tax collections collapsed – mostly because of a faltering economy. At this rate of debt increase, it is very clear things will turn out very unhappy, very soon. In order to fix the problem of collapsing fiscal accounts, a combination of three things must happen to stabilise the debt to GDP ratio. The first thing is that the economy should preferably start growing at a rate of 6%, at which rate the debt to GDP ratio will stabilise. Unfortunately, the ruling elite seems to be hell-bent on doing even more damage to the economy with all sorts of silly socialist ideas, like the suggested creation of yet another state bank, a new mandate for the SARB and the unaffordable NHI. Because of this, economic growth, believe me, will not save us from this fiscal cliff. A second option is to increase taxes by the equivalent of 5% of GDP (current market price), which is approximately R250 bn! For example, VAT needs to increase by more than 11 percentage points to get this kind of money, or personal income taxes need to increase on average by nearly 10 percentage points! This is a meaningless argument because such an increase in taxes will have a huge adverse effect on growth and overburdened taxpayers will not be happy with this. But the magnitude of required tax increases is clear. Preferably, and the only realistic option left, is to cut state spending with a similar amount: R250 bn. Percentage wise that is a real reduction in state spending of approximately 15%, or 20% in nominal terms! Now, show me the politician with the clackers to go and give COSATU the good news! But even if we could implement such austerity measures, the initial impact on the economy will be hugely negative – dammed if you do, dammed if you don’t. But wait, there is more. We all know that SOE’s are make-believe creations that pretend to be companies, with boards, chairs and all the perks that go with that. When push comes to shove, then suddenly they have a “shareholder” (read the taxpayer) that needs to keep bailing them out, very un-company like!

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If the debt of SOE’s are also added to that of the state, as it should be, then state debt to GDP will reach approximately 72% by the end of this fiscal year. And we haven’t even mentioned local authorities, the Road Accident Fund, the deficits at the GEPF … Clearly, we are in trouble. The troughing of socialists like this always ends the same and here’s what happens next: First you (read the government) run out of taxpayers. The taxpayers that haven’t emigrated yet, are carrying a huge tax burden and any further increases in taxes will likely have a detrimental effect on actual tax collections. Then you turn your attention to those assets under your control, like the SOE’s. But eventually you also run out of assets to plunder, like Eskom, SAA, SABC... Then you turn your attention to the next target, the few pots of gold left, the savers. Savers are those people that save for retirement, for example, and a glance towards the shenanigans at the PIC is proof of what happens to the assets of the savers. In the meantime, prescribed assets are also suggested, which will exacerbate the plight of our dwindling number of savers. Also keep in mind that any tax on capital is in a way also a confiscation of savings. Other measures are also typically taken by now, like forex controls. All this happens until you run out of savers. But none of this will prevent the inevitable: debt will continue to balloon, the economy will falter, poverty and unemployment will keep going up and those that are responsible for all the troubles will keep on blaming “the others” for their absurdities. By then the only remaining alternative will be to inflate your debt away. But for that to happen you need to control the SARB and with Lesetja Kganyago at the helm, that is not going to be easy. But be assured, as we sink further into this debt chaos the pressure on the SARB will become relentless and eventually also the SARB will buckle under the pressure. And then, inflation! But it can be different. What we must understand is that no structural adjustment, no new dawn, no fresh start can be taken seriously unless it includes an admittance that there are just too many trying to live off too few. Many tens of thousands of civil “servants”, including those at SOE’s, are simply not needed. They must go! The question: Are our democratic institutions strong enough to confront our economic woes, even if it means confronting political ideologies and political allies? Will the president call on the police and the army, if necessary, to protect us from a marauding wave of sabotage and destruction when an overweight, overpaid and underworked civil “service” realise that the party is over? Or will we just become another socialist failure? With these kinds of odds, can we blame the dwindling number of wealth creators to hedge their bets, to reduce their workforce, to expatriate their wealth and to “wait and see” before they commit to SA? I don’t think so. Dawie Roodt Chief Economist of the Efficient Group https://www.politicsweb.co.za/opinion/sas-fiscal-death-spiral?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=3d683d0d1a-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2019_07_31_05_06&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_a86f25db99-3d683d0d1a-130042309

Riding a Dead Horse: Elly Twineyo-Kamigusha When you discover that you are riding a dead horse, the best strategy is to dismount, bury the horse and get a living horse. However, in Africa more advanced strategies are often employed, such as; 1. Buying a stronger whip 2. Appointing a committee to study the horse 3. Changing riders 4. Arranging to visit other countries to see how other cultures ride dead horses.

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5. Lowering the standards so that the dead horse can be included. 6. Re-classifying the dead horse as "living impaired". 7. Hiring outside contractors to ride the dead horse. 8. Harnessing several dead horses together to increase speed. 9. Providing additional funding to increase dead horse's performance. 10. Rewriting the expected performance requirement for all horses. 11. Promoting the dead horse to supervisory position. Ugandan Economist and Author: Elly Twineyo-Kamigusha – received via WhatsApp.

RSA INTELLIGENCE | SA INLIGTING

Richard Mdluli and co-accused convicted News24 | 30 July 2019

Charges related to 1999 kidnapping and assault of Oupa Ramogibe

BREAKING: Mdluli and his co-accused found guilty of kidnapping and assaulting Oupa Ramogibe 30 July 2019 Former police crime intelligence head Richard Mdluli and his co-accused Mthembeni Mthunzi have been found guilty on charges relating to the 1999 kidnapping and assault of Oupa Ramogibe. Raogibe was married to Mdluli’s former lover Tshidi Buthelezi. Judge Ratha Mokgoatlheng delivered the judgment in the Gauteng High Court in Johannesburg on Tuesday. Based on the evidence, that Mokgoatlheng listened to for over four years, he found Mdluli guilty on four counts of intimidation, two counts of kidnapping, two counts of common assault and two counts of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm. Mthunzi was found guilty on two counts of kidnapping, two counts of common assault and two counts of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm. They were both acquitted on intimidation of Buthelezi's friend Alice Manana, and defeating the ends of justice. The matter was postponed to Wednesday to deal with sentencing. Mdluli had a long-term relationship with Buthelezi dating back to his school days. During her relationship with him, she met Ramogibe and they began a relationship. They eventually got married on July 22, 1998. Between 1997 and 1999, Mdluli allegedly went to extreme lengths to track down Buthelezi and Ramogibe. Mdluli and Mthunzi allegedly intimidated, kidnapped and assaulted Ramogibe. He was shot dead in 1999. No one was ever convicted of Ramogibe’s murder. Mdluli was accused of sabotaging the investigation. NPA regional spokesperson Phindi Mjonondwane welcomed the verdict. "It has been a long journey for both the justice criminal system and the victims that were involved in the crimes perpetrated by both the convicted persons.

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"We welcome the fact that the court has dismissed both their defence that the whole thing was a conspiracy against them," she said. News24 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/mdluli-and-his-coaccused-found-

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Sonop: Oranjerivier | Sun Rise: Orange River: Photo HB Heymans

Rooi Kranse near Oudtshoorn: HB Heymans

https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-mdluli-and-his-co-accused-found-guilty-of-kidnapping-and-assaulting-oupa-ramogibe-20190730

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ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE | REGSPLEGING

Lasbrief: Doodsvonnis: Adv. Len Els

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Banning of old SA flag an expression of Nelson Mandela’s mandate – NMF NMF | 21 August 2019 Foundation says all South Africans should celebrate ruling affirming right to meaningful freedom of speech

Media Statement: No more gratuitous displays of the Apartheid flag – Equality Court The 1928 Flag of South Africa has come to globally represent a symbol of white supremacy, exclusion and hatred and is considered by most South Africans as a source of trauma and terror. The Nelson Mandela Foundation decided to apply to the Equality Court for gratuitous displays of the flag to be declared hate speech because of the mandate Nelson Mandela gave us, namely to contribute to a just society through dialogue on critical social issues. And today we have done just that. We have started a conversation about what matters to South Africans, how to remember the past and what the past means for us today. Our nation needs an opportunity to heal from the wounds of the past. To heal means to recognise what has happened, to not shy away from history, but to look at history and call it by its name. This means looking at our history and calling Apartheid a crime against humanity and a gross human rights violation. Without recognizing what has happened, we will forever be haunted by our history. Gratuitous displays of the old flag express a desire for black people to be relegated to labour reserves, a pining for the killing, the torture, the abductions, a melancholia for the discrimination, the death squads, the curfews and the horrific atrocities committed under the flag. South Africans today enjoy a robust and independent judicial system which we have observed today. We believe in democracy and the rule of law. Therefore, we followed the judicial process to pursue justice. The court heard our submissions and applied its mind to all the facts, and has agreed with our submissions. This means that gratuitous displays of the old flag constitute hate speech. However, this does not apply to appropriate displays, for instance in academic contexts, in museums and in works of art. All South Africans have a reason to be relieved and to celebrate today’s judgment as it affirms our rights to not suffer hate speech, our rights to dignity and our rights to a meaningful freedom of speech. Statement issued by the Nelson Mandela Foundation, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/banning-of-old-sa-flag-an-expression-of-nelson-

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Old flag banning will undermine reconciliation and nation building – FF Plus

Dr. Corné Mulder | 21 August 2019

Dr. Corné Mulder says flag is part of our country's history, just like ANC flag under which

numerous atrocities were committed

Old flag: Biased ruling will undermine reconciliation and nation building Today's ruling by the High Court that displaying the old South African flag amounts to hate speech does not only undermine the right to freedom of expression, but it is also a biased decision that undermines reconciliation and nation building in South Africa. Judge Phineas Mojapelo of the Equality Court found that displaying the old flag constitutes hate speech. The Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF) and the South African Human Rights Commission (HRC) were the petitioners in the case. The new dispensation in South Africa was founded on nation building and reconciliation. To tear that down is dangerous and serves no purpose. The old national flag is part of our country's history, just like the ANC flag under which numerous atrocities were committed.

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History cannot be changed and pronouncing a flag, which has a lot of cultural value for a large part of the population, hate speech will not make any difference. This ruling sets a dangerous precedent. What about the British flag under which tens of thousands of white and black people perished in concentration camps? Not to mention the old Soviet Union flag that the SACP uses and under which millions of people died. South Africa's courts must keep to judging legal issues and must not get dragged into the marches of moral judgements. Nation building is not forcing one's will on another. That does not reconcile, it divides. And that is all that this ruling has accomplished. Statement issued by Dr. Corné Mulder, FF Plus chief whip, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/old-flag-banning-will-undermine-reconciliation-

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On the old SA flag ruling - FW de Klerk Foundation

FW de Klerk Foundation | 21 August 2019

This was the flag not just of apartheid period, but also of SA army in WW2

The Old South African Flag The FW de Klerk Foundation has taken note of today’s decision of the Equality Court in Johannesburg to declare that the “gratuitous display” of the old South African flag, constitutes “hate speech.” The raising of our new flag over the Union Buildings was one of the proudest moments of South Africa’s long and troubled history. It became a symbol of national unity, reconciliation and the values in our new constitution. Under such circumstances, the FW de Klerk Foundation and the great majority of white South Africans have long accepted - and continue to accept - that it would be insensitive and inappropriate to fly the old flag - particularly because of the painful memories that it symbolises for many South Africans. The old flag encompassed and reflected the history of white presence in South Africa since 1652, including as it did the flags of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State. Between 1910 and 1994 it was the flag of white South Africans who regarded themselves as one of the nations that had been included within the artificial borders that the British had arbitrarily drawn on the map of southern Africa in 1910. They believed axiomatically that they - like all the other nations of the world - had a self-evident right to national self-determination. Following the decolonisation of Africa it became increasingly apparent that whites would not be able to continue to exercise their right to national self-determination without depriving black, Coloured and Indian South Africans of their equally legitimate right to self-determination and equality. In February 1990, after decades of escalating conflict, the National Party government under President FW de Klerk accepted that justice could be achieved for all South Africans only by negotiating a new and inclusive non-racial constitution that would protect the rights of all South Africans. In December 1993 we reached a national accord that we hoped would assure the rights of all South Africans and that would prevent new forms of racial domination. The maintenance of positive relations between communities in multicultural societies requires sensitivity, toleration and the avoidance of actions that might be hurtful to other communities. So, although it would be inappropriate to fly the old flag, it would be equally inappropriate and insensitive to denigrate the historical and human experience that it represents - much of it replete with suffering, sacrifice and courage. Although it is painfully true that it was under the Union Flag that the depredations and humiliations of apartheid occurred - it was also under that flag and the flags that it incorporates, that:

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- the Transvaal Republic and the Orange Free State fought one of the greatest - and most tragic - anti-Imperialist war in the history of sub-Saharan Africa; - South African soldiers and airmen fought and died in the First and Second World Wars and in Korea; - impoverished Afrikaners lifted themselves up by their own bootstraps during the great depression; - succeeding generations developed South Africa into by far the most advanced state in Africa; and that - white South Africans, in the early 1990s, reached out to their compatriots of all races in historic venture to establish a new, - non-racial constitutional democracy that would ensure the rights and protect the human dignity of all our people. We should all be proud to fly our new flag - but when we do so we should remember the values that it represents. They include non-racialism, the need to heal the divisions of the past; respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; and the foundational proposition that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity. That diversity must include respect and toleration for our diverse and often conflicting histories. Issued by the FW de Klerk Foundation, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/on-the-old-sa-flag-ruling--fw-de-klerk-

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Banning of old flag blow to freedom of speech – AfriForum

Ernst Roets | 21 August 2019

Ernst Roets says his organisation will be studying the judgment

AfriForum views “old flag” judgment as a blow to freedom of speech AfriForum views the judgment handed down today in the Johannesburg High Court with regard to the so-called old South African flag as a setback for freedom of speech, although it will not directly affect the organisation’s activities or points of view. The court today ruled that the gratuitous display of the flag was hate speech, as requested by the Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF). AfriForum took this stance despite the fact that AfriForum itself does not display the flag and discourages people from doing so. Ernst Roets, head of policy and structures at AfriForum, said there should be clarity about the line between freedom of speech and hate speech. “Our concern with this case from the outset has been that a judgment in favour of the NMF would not serve the purpose they intended, because state regulation with regard to freedom of speech in most instances results in bigger problems." Roets added that AfriForum is still open for discussion on national issues and that the judgment would be studied before a decision on further action would be taken. Statement issued by Ernst Roets, AfriForum, Head: Policy and structures, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/banning-of-old-flag-blow-to-freedom-of-speech--

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DA responds to banning of old SA flag

Annelie Lotriet | 21 August 2019

Party notes judgment, says flag can still be used for artwork, academic research and journalism

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DA notes Equality Court ruling on old South African flag The Democratic Alliance (DA) notes the Equality Court ruling officially declaring the gratuitous display of the old South African flag as hate speech, harassment and unfair discrimination. The flag, however, can still be used for artwork, academic research and journalistic purposes. An outright ban is a position we do not support. The democratic flag must act as a symbol of hope for a better tomorrow, which the DA is committed to as articulated by our mission of Building One South Africa for All, underpinned by the values of Freedom, Fairness, Opportunity and Diversity. Our democratic flag, which represents all the people of South Africa, espouses the values of Unity in Diversity and we must rally behind this flag, and work towards a shared future. The apartheid flag forms part of our painful history and should be utilised to educate and inform. The total ban of the flag from our society would have deprived future generations of the full account of the country’s history – a history that we can never forget nor repeat; therefore the limitation on its use for academic research and journalistic purposes is a critical point of the judgement. We are mindful that there are those who seek to undermine the reconciliation project by abusing the use of the old South African flag and to retreat back into the laagers of racial and cultural identity. This only seeks to hinder social cohesion and undermines our democratic project. Countless South Africans still live with the scars and pain they endured under the brutal apartheid regime. As a society, we should strive to engender a sense of reconciliation and unity as symbolised by the new democratic South African flag. As difficult and complex as it is, the DA will not abandon the 1994 mission of building a country for all who live in it – black and white. Statement issued by Annelie Lotriet, Chairperson of the DA’s Parliamentary Caucus, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-responds-to-banning-of-old-sa-

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ANC welcomes banning of old SA flag

ANC | 21 August 2019

Party says symbol represents a hankering for our ugly past

ANC WELCOMES COURT JUDGEMENT DECLARING THE DISPLAY OF APARTHEID FLAG AS HATE SPEECH The African National Congress (ANC) welcomes the judgement of the Equality Court declaring the display of the old apartheid South African flag as hate speech and unfair discrimination. We agree with the court that the display of the old flag impairs the dignity of black people and that those who display the apartheid flag consciously choose oppression over liberation. This judgement is a vindication of the ANC's position that the old apartheid flag and other apartheid paraphernalia are divisive and represents a hankering for our ugly past. We believe that demonstrating any allegiance to apartheid symbols serves to undermine all efforts aimed at building a new democratic society that is based on the values of justice, equality and freedom. Displaying the apartheid flag is not only inconsistent with the values of our Constitution but also tends to reverse all the gains we have made since 1994 to promote social cohesion and build a non-racial society. The ANC calls on all South Africans to redouble their collective efforts towards building a united nation and to turn their backs on apartheid and all its symbols. Statement issued by the African National Congress, 21 August 2019 https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anc-welcomes-banning-of-old-sa-

flag?utm_source=Politicsweb+Daily+Headlines&utm_campaign=b4a200a7bf-

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• Kommentaar HBH Ek sit sommer so en dink: Ek het met die vlag groot geword en daagliks, n.a.l.v. die tyd van die

dag, die vlag by die polisiestasie gehys of gestryk. Ek was trots om dit te doen. Die vlag het

destyds niks met ‘apartheid’ te doen gehad nie! Of so het ek gedink! Ons was daar om te beskerm

en te dien! Het ons nie skynheilig geword nie? Is die SAP/SAPS se blou en kamoefleerdrag en

die SAW/SANW se bruin nutria en kamoefleerdrag nie veel erger as die “ou” vlag nie!

Sit ek ook so en dink: Die SAP se gedenkteken by die Uniegebou met al die afgestorwe SAP-lede

se name, met inbegrip van die veiligheidspolisie en Koevoet-lede se name op die gedenkpanele,

is net so deur SAPS oorgeneem. (Slegs ons SAP-kenteken is verwyder. Genl Mike Geldenhuys

en mnr PW Botha se name pryk op die hoekstene.)

Ja, ons is ‘n land van dubbele standaarde en ons is skynheilig. Dink daaroor: Daardie blou, kakie

en kamoefleer uniforms het mense geskiet, “apartheid” toegepas en op die grens geveg – dit gee

nie aanstoot nie, net die vlag? Ons blou SAP uniforms, slegs vir blankes, is op 31 Mei 1961 tydens

republiekwording op Kerkplein, Pretoria, voor die paleis van justisie bekend gestel. Ons nie-wit

kollegas het kakie gedra en eers laat 1979 – begin 1980 het almal in die SAP die blou uniform

gedra. Snaaks die SAP/SAPS en SAW/SANW uniforms en range gee nie aanstoot nie? Net die

vlag. Ek vind dit vreemd.

Ek wonder: Indien jy aan byvoorbeeld aan die geeste van jou voorvaders glo, wat sou die reaksie wees as hulle gebeure en dubbele standaarde, veral by die SAPS-gedenkteken, so gade slaan? Is ons werklik eerlik of net vir die skyn polities eerlik? Dink daaroor!

Grasplatz, ‘n verlate spoorwegstasie tussen Aus en Lüderitz in die ou SWA nou Namibië – HBH. Grasplatz, a railway station in the Namib between Aus and Lüderitz in Namibia – photo HBH



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DAG HAMMARSKJOLD | HIV | SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR MARITIME RESEARCH (SAIMR)

White mercenaries plotted to spread HIV through Africa through fake vaccination program, claims documentary

• Documentary maker Mads Brugger set out to investigate the mysterious 1961 plane crash that killed the head of UN in modern-day Zambia for his latest film

• Instead he meets Alexander Jones, a former member of a secret organisation

• Jones claims the group undertook nefarious HIV research in the 1980s and 1990s as part of a white supremacist plot to devastate black communities

By BRIDIE PEARSON-JONES FOR MAILONLINE and AFP PUBLISHED: 03:10 BST, 15 August 2019 | UPDATED: 17:26 BST, 16 August 2019 White mercenaries planned to spread HIV to black South Africans via a phony vaccination program, according to a former member of a secret parliamentary group in a new documentary. Danish documentary-maker Mads Brugger set out to investigate the mysterious 1961 plane crash that killed the head of the UN in modern-day Zambia for his latest film, but says he ended up uncovering something vastly more sinister. In 'Cold Case: Hammarskjold,' Brugger meets Alexander Jones, a former member of a clandestine paramilitary organization with alleged ties to South Africa's apartheid government. Jones tells the filmmaker that the group undertook nefarious HIV research in the 1980s and 1990s as part of a white supremacist plot to devastate black communities with the virus.

Mads Brugger, the director of 'Cold Case: Hammarskjold,' speaks during the 2019 Sundance Film Festival

'We were at war,' Jones tells Brugger in the film. 'Black people in South Africa were the enemy.' There is no evidence of the plot to spread HIV being successfully put into action.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/search.html?s=&authornamef=Bridie+Pearson-jones+For+Mailonline

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But Brugger and his team tracked down medical clinics run by the group's now-dead leader Keith Maxwell in South Africa. Maxwell claimed to be seeking a cure for HIV but had no medical training, and spoke openly of his fascination with biological weapons, according to the filmmakers. They met with a witness who says he saw Maxwell personally injecting black patients with supposed vaccines. 'What easier way to get a guinea pig than (when) you live in an apartheid system?' Jones says in the film. 'Black people have got no rights, they need medical treatment. There's a white "philanthropist" coming in and saying, "You know, I'll open up these clinics and I'll treat you." 'And meantime (he was) actually the wolf in sheep's clothing.' Brugger said that 'strategy papers' belonging to Maxwell fit 'hand in glove' with Jones's claims about the plot.

Director Mads Brügger attends the 'Cold Case Hammarskjold' premiere during the 2019 Sundance Film Festival at Prospector Square Theatre in Park City, Utah

'What Maxwell was writing about, planning for... in itself constitutes a crime,' Brugger said. The allegations were denounced as irresponsible and medically dubious by some critics after the film's January premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, where Brugger won a top directing prize for the documentary. Touring the global festival circuit since, Brugger has defended his work ahead of its release by Magnolia Pictures from August 16 in a few dozen US theaters and online platforms including Amazon and iTunes. In the film, he initially set out to investigate theories that UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold's plane was deliberately brought down in a crash that killed 16 people. Documents found in South African government archives containing details of plans to detonate a bomb on Hammarskjold's aircraft bear the name of Maxwell's group -- the shadowy South African Institute for Maritime Research (SAIMR).

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The documentary was made to look into the 1961 plane crash in Africa that killed the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold, but made some additional incredible claims This prompted Brugger and his team to examine the group more closely. They tracked down Jones, who claimed SAIMR had brought down the plane. Brugger has since arranged a meeting between Jones and UN investigators compiling an inquiry report into the crash, a UN spokesman confirmed. 'I do know that what (Jones) says is outrageous and sensational,' Brugger said. 'So far, what he has told us, what we were capable of corroborating, has checked out.' But there are major issues with Brugger's account.

Demonstrators hold banners on July 9, 2000 in the streets of Durban, South Africa, to claim lower priced drugs for AIDS

Many doubt SAIMR even existed on any substantial scale outside the warped mind of its 'leader' Maxwell, a noted fantasist who dressed like an 18th-century British naval admiral. A New York Times report suggested Jones initially denied any HIV research project existed, and only professed knowledge of it on camera after being fed information by filmmakers. Brugger admitted that there 'could have been examples of cross-contamination' because his team spent so much time with Jones. 'But I know for sure that the essential part of what he tells us is not something we fed him,' Brugger said, adding that it is typical for whistle-blower’s to 'open up and tell you more as time progresses.' And then there is the issue of whether it would have even been possible to deliberately spread HIV.

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Officials search the crash site after the plane carrying Dag Hammarskjold came down near Ndola in Northern Rhodesia (later Zambia), in September 1961 Medical experts say the technology was beyond the scope of all but a handful of government laboratories at the time. Conspiracy theories about Western plots to weaponize AIDS in Africa were encouraged by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and can cause serious harm by turning people off medical treatment. South Africa has extremely high HIV infection rates and a history of dangerous misinformation about its spread. Brugger said he 'thought hard and long' about the damage the vaccine claims could do, but insisted that 'what Alexander Jones tells us needs to be published.' 'If the response to this is that we are invigorating or revitalizing conspiracy theories, I think that is in some sense absurd,' he said. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7358707/Film-claims-group-plotted-infect-black-Africans-HIV.html#comments Didi Basson: Today in South African History (Facebook)

Today, 21 years ago, TRC releases documents revealing plot to kill UN Secretary. Wednesday, 19 August 1998

Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) chairperson, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, released

documents revealing an alleged plot by Western countries to assassinate United Nations

Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold of Sweden. He stated that although the TRC could not

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7358707/Film-claims-group-plotted-infect-black-Africans-HIV.html#comments

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7358707/Film-claims-group-plotted-infect-black-Africans-HIV.html#comments

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verify the authenticity of such a plot, he decided to release the documents to inform the world what

might have transpired prior to Hammarskjold's death.

The documents were disclosed in TRC meetings with the South African Institute for Maritime

Research (SAIMR, thought to be a SA Defence Force front company) and linked M15 (United

Kingdom Security Services), Special Operations Executive and the CIA to "Operation Celeste", the

alleged mission to kill Hammarskjold. The documents were dismissed as fakes by a former

Swedish diplomat, while the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office moved quickly to

dismiss the TRC findings as a sinister move to discredit them.

Hammarskjold and fifteen others died in 1961 when their aircraft exploded before landing in

Zambia, killing them instantly. At the time of his death he was trying to negotiate peace between

the Congo (present-day Democratic Republic of Congo and formerly known as Zaire) and the

breakaway province of Katanga. If the documents were authentic, Hammarskjold's death appears

to have been part of an attempt to prevent Katanga's mineral wealth from falling under communist

control.

Join the Today in South African History Group for daily historical posts on the day -

https://www.facebook.com/groups/TodayinSouthAfricanHistory/

• South African Institute for Maritime Research From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia

“South African Institute for Maritime Research (SAIMR) is the name of a shadowy paramilitary organisation that supposedly performed clandestine operations to support white supre-macy in Africa. The SAIMR first became publicly known during sessions of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Committee[1](TRC), in 1998, a year before the second elections after Apartheid, when documents emerged implying SAIMR had a role in a plot to kill Dag Hammarskjöld, the UN Secretary-General, in 1961.

The documentary Cold Case Hammarskjöld, that premiered in January 2019, brought new credibility to these claims.[2] The documentary also claims that the mother of a young woman named Dagmar Feil tried to bring the killing of her daughter to the attention of the TRC, implying that her daughter had worked with SAIMR to spread HIV among black people and had wanted to make that public”.43

References

1. ^ "BBC News | Africa | UN assassination plot denied". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-04.

2. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; Rocksen, Andreas; Brügger, Mads (2019-01-20). "Coups and murder: the sinister world of apartheid's secret mercenaries". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2019-04-04.

• Comments by HBH If one does not respond to these types of articles they are, or will be, accepted as the truth. For a long time, I've been talking to some of our top security officials, including Craig Williamson. We are sick and tired of such stories that accuse "South Africa" of every rogue deed or so-called "covert action."

43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#targetText=South%20African%20Institute%20for%20Maritime,support%20white%20supremacy%20in%20Africa.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/TodayinSouthAfricanHistory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#cite_note-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#cite_note-2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#cite_ref-1

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/154384.stm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#cite_ref-2

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/20/south-africa-weird-sinister-apartheid-mercenary-saimr-keith-maxwell

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/20/south-africa-weird-sinister-apartheid-mercenary-saimr-keith-maxwell

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number

https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712

https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#targetText=South%20African%20Institute%20for%20Maritime,support%20white%20supremacy%20in%20Africa.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Institute_for_Maritime_Research#targetText=South%20African%20Institute%20for%20Maritime,support%20white%20supremacy%20in%20Africa.

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South Africa first gained a proper Security Branch44 in 1963 under the auspices of Lt.Col. (later Lt-Gen.) HJ "Lang-Hendrik" van den Bergh. We later developed the Republican Intelligence Service (RI), a covert part of the then security police, and RI gradually created and filled overseas posts. Gen. MCW 'Mike' Geldenhuys was the first head of RI, their HQ was in the “White House” in Johannesburg. [RI was the forerunner of the civilian Bureau for State Security established in 1969.] I had long confidential conversations with Gen. Geldenhuys. Together with Hanlie van Straten we wrote his autobiography. I also conducted long interviews with Mr. Pieter Swanepoel. He started RI in SWA and later became head of NI's national research desk. He wrote the book “Really Inside Boss”. At the time (1961), South Africa did not have the ability to successfully launch a covert action, so far north, beyond our borders. In addition, depending on where they are located, the British (MI5 & MI6) would also have "caught out" our then inexperienced South Africans. (Such a covert action had to be deniable, undetected and completely done in secret.) Naturally the CIA, the Belgian secret service and the French secret service had their ears on the ground. The TRC also mentions the "Special Operations Executive (SOE)" – the SOE was the wartime US secret service that later became the CIA. They no longer existed during 1961. Mr. Dag Hammarskjöld did visit dr. Verwoerd. We were not so "angry" with Mr. Dag Hammarskjöld that we would kill him!!! (Why would we kill him??? Would it have been in our own vested interests to do so?) South Africa became a republic on May 31, 1961, after which we left the British Commonwealth. Before becoming a republic, South Africa depended on Britain (MI5) for its certain strategic information. I rely on my memory: There was a dossier on South African Institute for Maritime Research (SAIMR). They addressed each other on “naval ranks”. They, to our knowledge, never acted as a para-military unit and it was doubtful that they posed any "danger" to us, or anyone else. That they would expose people to Aids is highly unlikely because they could face serious criminal charges. The former SAP (and its SB) acted against the left-wing as well as the right-wing factions who transgressed the law. Our media was wide-awake and would have carried the story. Aids was formally first reported in South Africa during 1982, two decades after Mr. Hammarskjöld's death. It was only during 1985 that the government launched HIV / AIDS awareness its campaigns. However, I came across this newspaper article:

20 August 1998: Cape Argus (Cape Town) By John Yeld Cape Town — If the documents released by the Truth Commission yesterday relating to the "assassination" of United Nations Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjöld are a hoax, the perpetrators have gone to extreme lengths to make them appear authentic. Much of the detail is compellingly realistic in the eight dispatches between a "Commodore" and a "Captain" - the Truth Commission has blacked out the names of the men because they have not been served with the required notices informing them of their implication in a possible gross human rights violation.45

44 In Gen. Van den Bergh’s time the Security Branch was known as the “Security Police” or “Veiligheidspolisie” - HBH 45 https://allafrica.com/stories/199808200104.html

https://allafrica.com/stories/199808200104.html

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LETTERS | BRIEWE

Patu 2: Robert Sylvester I served with PATU2 in the early 70's. My stick was ambushed in the Kendaya TTL, when we were

doubling up to get into a stopline position. The terrs were quicker than we were, and contacted us

before we arrived at our position. They opened fire on us, and we killed 6 of them.

I have never received my border medal - and I would dearly love to have it. I'm sure it’s lying

around somewhere?

My force number is 62581N.

Any way to help would be greatly appreciated even if I could get just the citation?

There's more to this story, if you would like to hear it.

Regards

RMP Sylvester

• Wie kan ons kollega asb. help om sy “bosmedalje” te kry?

Schalk de Beer Schalk de Beer stuur die volgende brokkie inligting wat mens laat wonder:

Dr Anthony Turton's current assessment of SA, which, sadly is “fairly accurate”: "What shocks me is the rate of deindustrialization in SA. Remember that just 25 years ago: - We had specialist entities like USCO that made sophisticated steel used for example in gun barrels; - We were leaders in oil from coal; - We were the only producer of steel in Africa at Iscor; - We made copper cables at African Cables; - There was more energy concentration in a 100 Sq km area in Vereeniging than in any other African country's entire energy usage per hour; - Samancor produced specialist alloy feedstock and Stewart's and Lloyd's manufactured a range of sophisticated products of great precision like pumps; - Dorbyl fabricated heavy engineering components; - On the military side we were nuclear capable and on the threshold of weaponizing nuclear warheads exactly like North Korea is doing today.

161

All of this was possible - and I am not saying it was good or bad to be nuclear capable - only because we had sophisticated technical capacity. In two decades that world class capacity has been lost and raw sewage now floods the basements of buildings. The collapse has been total and rapid. The epicentre of the most concentrated form of primary production on the African continent has been wiped out with one sweep. The country that pioneered heart transplants now breeds new pathogens that are likely to create a health catastrophe of unprecedented proportions. This speaks to the inability of a liberation movement to govern. This is a shocking truth that few want to admit. The army, that just 25 years ago produced the most sophisticated artillery, and which was at a stage considered the most advanced military force in the world, after Israel, and which saw the creation of an attack helicopter equal to the Apache, is now retreating from Emfuleni (Black township) unable to execute the mission given to it last year." Alan Paton, who wrote “Cry the Beloved Country” was a white Liberal and headmaster of a reform-school for black juveniles in Diepkloof, Johannesburg. He would be turning in his grave as well as Nelson Mandela... Dr Anthony Turton is a Professor at the University of Free State, Centre for Environmental Management.

• Yskor in Pretoria is ook ‘weg’ …..

Kontak • Prof GT “Gert” du Preez het geskakel. Ons was 1971-offisiersmaats. Ons het lekker oor die

verlede en polisie-geskiedenis gesels. (Sy magsnommers was 41778K.) Snaaks dat iemand

jou kan skakel wat jy 48 jaar plus gelede geken het, en dadelik lekker kan gesels asof mens

gister laas ontmoet het. Wat ‘n voorreg!

• Mnr. Wolfgang Witschas (W69530W) het ook kontak gemaak en ons het baie lekker oor die

nasionale veiligheidsgeskiedenis gesels. Hy was ook in die polisie en lid van die

inligtingsgemeenskap. Hy is ook geskiedskrywer. Ons deel met u van sy historiese opstelle.

Vandat ek die Nongqai uitgee, ontmoet ek verskriklike interessante mense van heinde en verre!

Weereens moet ek bieg: Dit is ‘n besondere eer en voorreg om sulke interessante mense te

ontmoet en gedagtes oor die geskiedenis te wissel. Ek gaan die komende naweek besoek aflê by

‘n oud-SAW-generaal wat ‘n hele SAP-uitpaseringsparade op film vasgelê het. In die maand wat

voorlê is ook interessante gesprekke en ontmoetings ‘gedagboek’. Ek sal later meer

besonderhede verskaf.

Gerald Croukamp: Luit. Barry Taylor (Thailand) Barry skryf gereeld lekker gesels briewe vanuit Thailand. Hy skryf nostalgies oor Pretoria se

middestad waar hy groot geword het en in die polisie gedien het. Ek haal aan: “As ek dink hoe

lekker het ons gewerk en hoe lekker om by die kafee koffie te drink ens. Weet jy waar Gerald

162

Croukamp is? Ek en hy was groot vriende sal graag weer kontak maak.” Barry stuur groete aan al

sy kollegas waar hulle ook mag wees.

LAST WORD: REV CHARISSE LE ROUX

When you are tempted to retaliate, do not judge or become impatient, you need to say to

yourself, “This is an opportunity for me to model a great attitude for the glory of

God.” You refuse to be a ‘passenger’ and go along with them. Take back the

wheel, get into the driver’s seat of your life, and determine which direction you will

and go what attitude you will have.

INDEMNITY & © | VRYWARING & ©

End | Slot

Dear reader Please note that in this quasi-historical magazine we

make use of various sources and consequently it is obvious that the

document contains various diverse and personal opinions of different

people and the author of the Nongqai cannot be held responsible or

be liable in his personal capacity.

Geagte leser

Vir hierdie kwasiehistoriese tydskrif maak ons van verskeie bronne

gebruik en bevat die dokument uiteraard uiteenlopende en diverse

persoonlike menings van verskillende persone en die opsteller van die

Nongqai kan nie in sy persoonlike hoedanigheid daarvoor

verantwoordelik of aanspreeklik gehou word nie.

Brig. Hennie Heymans: No 43630K (B)

© HB Heymans 2019.