North Dakota Injury North Dakota Injury Prevention Prevention

Conference 10/08Conference 10/08Fire & Life Safety FundamentalsFire & Life Safety Fundamentals

Dave Renli, Executive Director Sioux Empire Dave Renli, Executive Director Sioux Empire Safety VillageSafety Village

1. During this one hour presentation, 1. During this one hour presentation, participants will learn a few basic participants will learn a few basic principles of prevention with an emphasis principles of prevention with an emphasis on Fire Safety Education. on Fire Safety Education.

2. We will briefly explore Haddon's Matrix, 2. We will briefly explore Haddon's Matrix, often used to analyze an injury event, and often used to analyze an injury event, and see how to use it as a program design tool see how to use it as a program design tool for prevention programs. for prevention programs.

3. Finally, we will speak about community 3. Finally, we will speak about community collaboration as a means to get the collaboration as a means to get the "biggest bang for our limited prevention "biggest bang for our limited prevention

bucks".bucks".

Objectives.Objectives.

Targeting? or missing the mark?

αμαρτία Hamartia

Defining Injury An injury is tissue damage caused by the transfer of energy to the body above or

below the tolerance of human tissue. (Interesting Question- Can objects become injured?)(Question- What is the relationship between sunburn and skin cancer?)

Injuries are caused by kinetic, thermal, mechanical, electrical or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen.

The StoryThe Story

It’s an 80 degree day. Someone is out mowing the lawn in shorts, sandals and a t-shirt. After about an hour the mower runs out of gas. Going to the garage, the person brings out the two gallon gas can and opens the tank to fill. While pouring the gas, a bit spills on the exhaust and ignites. The person who is down wind of the mower is engulfed in flame for a couple seconds, but runs clear of the fire and danger area and collapses. Sustains 1st and 2nd degree burns to the arms and legs and superficial 2nd degree burns to the face. Neighbor sees the event unfold and calls 9-1-1. EMS arrives, irrigates the burns, bandages and transports to the nearest facility. ER cleans, medicates, bandages and admits, concerned about inhalation of superheated air. Treatment continues over a couple days. The person is release with numerous visits to the doc over the next couple months.

The Injury Triangle

ENVIRONMENTAGENT

HOST

VECTOR

Concepts of Injury Control

Haddon’s Matrix

Pre-Injury Injury Post-InjuryHostAgentEnvironment

Vector

Injury Prevention: The Three E’s

Engineering Enforcement

Education

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury

1. Stabilize, Repair and Rehabilitateprovide best practice standards of emergency, hospital,

and rehabilitation care

2. Counter damage already donetransporting head injured and spinal cord injured

appropriately

3. Increase resistance to injuryeducation about calcium intake in preventing

osteoporosis

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury Countermeasures for Injury

4. Modify the relevant basic qualities 4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of the hazardof the hazardpadded dashboards crunch panelspadded dashboards crunch panels

5. Separate the hazard and its 5. Separate the hazard and its release by a material barrierrelease by a material barrierfour sided pool fencingfour sided pool fencing

6. Separate people from the hazard 6. Separate people from the hazard and its release using time or spaceand its release using time or spacepedestrian crossing lights, bike lanespedestrian crossing lights, bike lanes

Haddon’s Ten Prevention Countermeasures for Injury

7. Change the rate or spatial distribution at which the hazard is released– release bindings on skis

8. Prevent inappropriate release of hazard– storing firearms in locked cases

9. Reduce Amount of Energy– limiting horsepower in motorized vehicles

10. Prevent Creation of Energy– don’t manufacture firecrackers

Considering the Considering the 33 strategies strategies of prevention and the of prevention and the 1010 countermeasures lets countermeasures lets consider how we might consider how we might change the outcome our little change the outcome our little story?story?

► 1. Stabilize, Repair and Rehabilitate2. Counter damage already done3. Increase resistance to injury4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of 4. Modify the relevant basic qualities of the hazardthe hazard5. Separate the hazard and its release 5. Separate the hazard and its release by a material barrierby a material barrier6. Separate people from the hazard and 6. Separate people from the hazard and its release using time or spaceits release using time or space7. Change the rate or spatial distribution at which the hazard is released8. Prevent inappropriate release of hazard9. Reduce Amount of Energy10. Prevent Creation of Energy

Pre-Injury Injury Post-InjuryHostAgentEnvironment

Vector

Education

Engineering Enforcement

Injuries are:Injuries are:UnderstandableUnderstandable

PredictablePredictable

PreventablePreventable

Community CollaborationCommunity CollaborationBiggest Bang for the Prevention BuckBiggest Bang for the Prevention Buck

►Are injury issues owned and are best Are injury issues owned and are best solutions found from “injury prevention solutions found from “injury prevention specialists?”specialists?”

► OrOr

►Are injury issues owned and best Are injury issues owned and best solutions found by a group of interested solutions found by a group of interested public and or community partners? public and or community partners?

COLLABORATION BUILDINGCOLLABORATION BUILDING

Personal NetworkOther Injury Pub. Ed'ersTeachersNurses

Cooperative Program NetworkCooperative Program NetworkHealth Dept.HospitalsCorporationsOther Public Health GroupsMedia

Formal Advisor NetworksFormal Advisor NetworksSanctioned GroupSteering CommitteeCorporateHealthMedia

IPS

In closingIn closing

► Our job is to efficiently use our limited resources to reduce Our job is to efficiently use our limited resources to reduce the number and severity of injuries to our constituents. the number and severity of injuries to our constituents.

► Understanding how injuries occur and being able to clearly Understanding how injuries occur and being able to clearly break down an injury sequence into understandable bites, break down an injury sequence into understandable bites, allows an injury prevention specialist to identify multiple allows an injury prevention specialist to identify multiple potential solutions for prevention efforts.potential solutions for prevention efforts.

► Including others with “fresh eyes” helps to ensure that the Including others with “fresh eyes” helps to ensure that the project is on track and the best possible solutions are used.project is on track and the best possible solutions are used.

► Remember people support what they help create!Remember people support what they help create!