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Notes on the Text
PART 1 THE ROAST BEEF OF OLD ENGLAND
Note how the famous patriotic songs all coagulate around the middle of the century; this one dates from 1733.
RULE, BRITANNIA!
From the masque Alfred (1740) by James Thomson, author of The Seasons, and his friend David Mallet. The famous song is probably but not quite certainly Thomson's.
THE BRITISH GRENADIERS
This was designed to pick up the mood of patriotism in the American War.
THE DRUM
John Scott of Amwell was a Quaker who responded strongly against the American War; it was perhaps the first moment when anti-war writing found an audience.
PART2
A SONG OF LIBERTY
The conclusion of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: it reflects the halting of the invasion of France at Valmy in September 1792 and looks for the extension of the American and French Revolutions all over the world. Albion represents Britain. Urthona, one of Blake's symbolical figures, is not yet fully identified, but is grim and evil.
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AMERICA
Written over the period 1791-3. Ore, the Spirit of Freedom, is summoning the Thirteen Angels of the Colonies against Albion's Angels. The poem is a spiritual interpretation of the American War of Independence written under the impact of the French Revolution.
WITH THE EMIGRANT ARMY
Reminiscences by Chateaubriand. A tala was one of his early works, the Abbe de Morellet one of its severest critics.
JACK TAR
A ballad recalling the Spithead mutiny of 1797.
THE BATTLE OF BLENHEIM
Written in 1798 and published in the Morning Post.
DRINK OLD ENGLAND DRY
This shows how ballads develop across the years : the first verse dates from the Napoleonic Wars, the second, in its present form, from the Crimea.
THE LABOURING MA~
This reflects the post-war riots, and the hardships of the small farmers and cottagers in the war years and post-war depression.
PART 3 AMOURS DE VOYAGE
Written during the siege of Rome by the French in 1849.
MCCASSERY
A soldiers' song of great durability, the anthem of the 2nd Special Air Service (parachute commando regiment) in the Second World War. It seems to belong to the 1850s, but to have grown with time (Strangeways Gaol was not built till the 1870s).
3'61
ALMA
The first major battle of the Crimean War in 1854.
MAUD
Published in 1855.
INKERMAN
The battle was a decisive victory for the British and French, wholly due to superior tactics. Russian casualties were severe, and the touch of compassion mingled with complacency in Lushington's poem is noteworthy. But the casualties and the winter weakened the British. (Henry w.as Sir Franklin Lushington's brother.)
SEVASTOPOL
Tolstoy was twenty-five when the Crimean War broke out. He took part in the defence of Sevastopol as an artillery officer. Sickened and shocked by his eiXperiences, he wrote The Sevastopol Stories, stripping war of its pageantry and showing it for what it was. In later life he became a kind of Christian rationalist, pacifist and anarchist.
DOINGS OF THE MACKEREL BRIGADE
Orpheus C. Kerr was the pen-name of Robert H. Newell, who was, with Charles Farrar Browne ('Artemus Ward'), the best-known American humorist before Mark Twain. His biting satires on government inefficiency and corruption during the Civil War retain their pungency- and their topicality. (Croton Water is the New York reservoir.)
ADDRESS AT THE DEDICATION OF THE GETTYSBURG NATIONAL CEMETERY
The words 'under God' were spontaneous on the occasion and not in the script.
WITH KITCHENER TO KHARTOUM
Henty was a war correspondent who romanticised his experiences into boys' adventure stories. Most of them were set in the past; here he reflects contemporary history.
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DISARM! DISARM!
One of the first anti-war novels, published in 1889.
THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE
Crane wrote his masterpiece at the age of twenty-one; he had not seen war at the time, though he later became a war correspondent. He was much influenced by Tolstoy. Of particular interest is his use of colour symbolism.
VITAl LAMPADA
The title is from Lucretius: '[They hand on] the Torch of Life'.
THE'EATHEN
Abby-nay= not now; kul =tomorrow; hazar-ho =wait a bit.
STELLENBOSCH
Incompetent commanders used to be sent here in the Boer War.
THE RETURN
Thamesfontein: i.e. London.
DRUMMER HODGE
Kopje: a low hill; Karoo: a desert area of Cape Province. This poem comes from the Boer War; it has often been compared with Rupert Brooke's 'The Soldier'.
PART4
TO A TORPEDO-BOAT IN THE ADRIATIC
D' Annunzio was in command of the expedition which captured Fiume in 1919. His mystical nationalism paved the way for Mussolini.
THE DEATH OF DOLGUSHOV
Babel grew up a Russian Jew in an age of pogroms. He fought on the Rumanian front and later, in 1920, with Cossack forces. The poignancy of the stories in Red Cavalry arises from the fact that the narrator is a Jew, by tradition peaceable, among Cossacks, by reputation brutally violent.
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'WAKE, UP ENGLAND'
The Poet Laureate's contribution to a volume of poems published in 1914 for the National Relief Fund.
MEN WHO MARCH AWAY
A marching poem in a marching rhythm, written in early September 1914 and catching the spirit of dedicated adventure (oddly liberated by war after being stifled by industrialism), while keeping free from claptrap.
IN TIME OF 'THE BREAKING OF NATIONS'
Written in 1915.
EPITAPH ON AN ARMY OF MERCENARIES The Kaiser was reported to have called the British Expeditionary Force 'an army of mercenaries'.
IN PARENTHESIS
A Joycean epic by David Jones, Welsh painter and poet, combining myth and realism. Johnson hole: large shell-hole. Mac Og: armed sleeper of Celtic legend. Diawl!: Devil! Pen Nant Govid: frozen region of Celtic underworld. Glast: bark persistently. Parked: parky, cold. Joni bach: a reference to the famous song 'Sospan fach'. Sixty-three parts: the Lee-Enfield rifle. The sea wars against the river: quoted from a thirteenth-century poem by Dafydd Benfras.
THE STORM OF STEEL
JUnger's reminiscences of his experiences as a storm-troop officer, published in 1919. When the English translation appeared ten years later English readers had a curious sense of 'double-take'. JUnger's patent honesty and blatant self-righteousness were so like their own, yet in his book the Germans were the heroes and the English the conventional enemy.
IF WE MUST DIE
An important poem by a Black American showing Negro militancy after and in the light of the First World War.
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CHRISTMAS: 1915 Compare W. B. Yeats's 'The Second Coming'.
OUR MARCH
Mayakovsky became to all intents and purposes poet laureate of the ussR, revolutionary in poetry as in life. He died by his own hand.
THE TOYS OF PEACE
Munro ('Saki') was one of the wittiest of short-story writers, a patriot and a soldier, who was killed in 1916. This story was written about the time of the outbreak of the war.
THE ASSAULT (Author's Note)
(1) 'Zero' is the hour agreed upon by the staff when the infantry are to go over the parapet and advance to the assault. (2) Guns are said to 'lift' when, after pounding the front line of the enemy, they lengthen the range and set up a barrier of fire behind this front line to prevent supports moving up. Our infantry then advance.
PREFACE
Owen was incomparably the greatest English poet of the First World War. He was a heroic soldier who won the Me, but at the same time, in his own words, 'a conscientious objector with a very seared conscience'.
STRANGE MEETING
Here Owen exploits one of his most telling poetic devices, the use of assonance instead of rhyme, the same consonantal structure with different vowels, often passing from a higher-pitched vowel to a lower one; the effect is to match the uncertainty and disillusion of mood.
BLESSED ARE
A poem written in 1913 in anticipation of the coming war. Peguy. socialist, Catholic and patriot, was killed in battle in 1914.
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A FORTY-FOOT SETTING
The naval sketches of 'Bartimeus' were best-sellers. Ritchie was a professional sailor. Failing eyesight drove him to administrative duties- and writing; hence the pen-name from the biblical blind man.
OBJECTIONS TO THE WAR
From Memoirs of an Infantry Officer. The semi-fiction is in fact autobiographical, and Sassoon, whose gallantry was not in doubt, risked a court martial by this statement.
EVERYONE SANG
This is the record of an actual occasion when a regiment on the march suddenly spontaneously burst into song. It is one of the rare moments of hope in Sassoon's bitter war-poetry.
TO GERMANY
Sorley was cousin to the statesman and educationalist, R. A. Butler {Lord Butler).
SOLOMON IN ALL HIS GLORY
Studdert-Kennedy, popularly known as Woodbine Willie, was an Anglican padre.
GRODEK
A town in Poland where Trakl, as an army chemist, witnessed a bloody battle in 1914 and committed suicide because he could not relieve the sufferings of the injured.
GOD, HOW I HATE YOU
Foetor i.e. smell; parados: rear wall of the trench.
PART 5 TIGER AT THE GATES
La Guerre de Troie n' aura pas lieu was one of the plays which belped to set the fashion in the contemporary presentation of .classical themes. It dates from 1935.
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ANOTHER EPITAPH ON AN ARMY OF MERCENARIES
See Housman's poem of the First World War. Hugh Macdiarmid is the pen-name of the Scots poet Christopher Murray Grieve. This poem was published in 1935.
FULL MOON AT TIERZ
John Cornford, son of a professor and of a poet, was killed fighting with the International Brigade in Spain.
J ARAMA VALLEY
A bitter little song of the Spanish Civil War which went through many versions, of which this is the original. Sung to the tune of 'Red River Valley'.
SONG OF THE UNITED FRONT
Another well-known song from the same war.
FLOWERING RIFLE
Roy Campbell, a South African and a Catholic, lived in Spain as a bull-fighter and cattle-rancher. He was out of sympathy with the government in the Civil War and supported Franco. This is an extract from a long, bitingly satirical attack on the Left.
PART 6
THE LEMMINGS
A pacifist parable of war.
ENTERRAR Y CALLAR
The title means 'Bury and be silent'. Paul E.luard was the pseudonym of the French Surrealist and resistance writer Eugene Grinde!.
FIRST ELEGY
From Elegies for the Dead in Cyrenaica. Henderson, a Scot of the Scots, served in the 51st Highland Division.
THE LAST ENEMY
An autobiographical study in inverted heroism. 367
THE THIN RED LINE
James Jones joined the American army in 1934 and was in Hawaii at the time of the Pearl Harbour attack of 1941. He fought through the war, periodically being promoted and reduced to the ranks again; he was woun~ed at Guadalcanal. His first novel, From Here to Eternity, made a great impact. He succeeded this with The Thin Red Line, an ambiguous tale, referring at once to the line of soldiers, the border between sanity and madness and the border between man and beast. Both books are very long and short quotation does not convey their quality.
DUNKIRK PIER
The rescue of the British Expeditionary Force after the fall of France in an extraordinary flotilla of miscellaneous boats was one of the more remarkable episodes of the war. Dunkirk was their point of embarkation. This is the one memorable poem provoked by the event.
THE LAST OF THE JUST
A moving novel of Jewish suffering, ending in Auschwitz.
THE SECRET Llf'E OF WALTER MITTY
Walter Mitty is an inoffensive, henpecked man who escapes through daydreams.
PART 7
COLONIAL WAll AND MENTAL DISORDERS
From The Wretched of the Earth. Frantz Fanon was a doctor and psychiatrist. During the Algerian revolution he was working in a hospital in Algeria, His experiences there led him to the side of the revolutionaries and he became one of their leading spokesmen. He regarded non-violence as a tool of the oppressors and believed that violence was the natural response to oppression. He died of leukaemia. Mechta: a mountain-village.
RUE DE LA BOMBE
Larteguy was born in France in 19,20. During the Second World War he served with the French army and the Foreign Legion. He fought later in Korea, where he was wounded. He was subsequently
368
a war correspondent and witnessed the French campaigns in IndoChina and Algeria. The Centurions, based on his experience of these campaigns, won the Prix Eve Delacroix in France and has become a bestseller in France and Britain.
DADDY
This poem, written shortly before Sylvia Plath's death, shows how the shadow of the Second World War, Auschwitz and Hiroshima hung heavy over the new generation.
UNIVERSAL SOLDIER
A folk-song of protest made popular by Donovan in about 1967.
CONDEMNATION
Thich Nhat Hanh is a Buddhist from South Vietnam, who consistently opposed the war.
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Notes on Illustrations
Further comments will be found in the introduction.
Pl. 2 Anon.: Portuguese Musketeer An entertaining view of a European soldier by an African artist from Benin. Bronze sculpture in West Africa, first in Ife and then in Benin, reached a very high level of technical proficiency and artistic expression.
Pl. III After Rubens: The Horrors of War Rubens wrote to Justus Susteimans on 12 March 1638 an account of the allegorical The Horrors of War:
The principal figure is Mars. who has left the open temple of Janus (which in time of peace, according to Roman custom, remained closed) and rushes forth with shield and blood-stained sword, threatening the people with great disaster. He pays little heed to Venus, his mistress, who accompanied by her Amors and Cupids strives with caresses and embraces to hold him. From the other side Mars is dragged forward by the Fury Alekto, with a torch in her hand. Nearby are monsters personifying Pestilence and Famine, those inseparable partners of War. On the ground, turning her back, lies a woman with a broken lute, representing Harmony, which is incompatible with the discord of War. There is also a mother with a child in her arm indicating that fecundity, procreation and charity are thwarted by War, which corrupts and destroys everything. In addition, one sees that that which in time of peace is constructed for the use and ornamentation of the City, is hurled to the ground by the force of arms and falls in ruins. I believe, if I remember rightly, that you will find on the ground under the feet of Mars a book as well as a drawing on paper, to imply that he treads underfoot all the arts and letters. There ought also to be a bundle of darts or arrows, with the band which held them together undone; these when bound form the symbol of Concord. Beside them is the caduceus and an olive-branch. attribute of Peace; these also are cast aside. That grief-stricken
370
woman clothed in black, with torn veil, robbed of all her jewels and other ornaments, is the unfortunate Europe who, for so many years now, has suffered plunder, outrage, and misery, which are so injurious to everyone that it is unnecessary to go into details. Europe's attribute is the globe, borne by a small angel or genius, and surmounted by the cross, to symbolize the Christian world.
The picture here reproduced is now thought not to be an original Rubens.
Pl. V Reynolds: Lord Heathfield George Augustus Eliott was a professional soldier of high merit. In 1775 he was made Governor of Gibraltar in view of an expected attack. For four years he made intensive preparations and when the attack came in 1779 he was able to hold out, with help from the navy, for three years till the conclusion of peace. He was raised to the peerage as Lord Heathfield, Baron of Gibraltar. Reynolds's superb portrait commemorates the man and his achievement.
Pl. 5 D. Chodowiecki: Frederick the Great receiving the Surrender of the Army of Saxony
David Chodowiecki was the finest German book-illustrator of the eighteenth century. This is a characteristically straightforward engraving, a statement of fact, intensified by the tall figures and serried shadows, without emotion or magniloquence.
Pl. 7 James Gillray: from The life of William Cobbett In 1784 William Cobbett suddenly enlisted in the 54th regiment under the erroneous impression that he was joining the marines. He studied grammar on sentry-go, was promoted corporal, posted to Nova Scotia, rose to be sergeant-major. At the same time he became highly critical of corruption in the army, copied incriminating documents and in 1792 after his honourable discharge set about exposure. Gillray's illustrations admirably complement Cobbett's picture of the army: 'I found the Officers all so damnably stupid, that though I took the pains to draw up my instructions on Cards, I could not with all my Caning and Kicking drive one manual movement into their thick heads.'
Pl. VIII Antoine-Jean Gros. Napoleon at Eylau See the introduction (page 26).
Pl. 10 Phassily Vereschtschagin: The Apotheosis of War Vereschtschagin became a leading painter of the Tolstoyan antiwar movement.
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Pl. 14 Frank Reynolds: Study of a Prussian Household having its Morning Hate
This famous cartoon appeared in Punch. The interesting question at this interval is what effect it had or was meant to have. Was it meant to arouse hostility? Or to suggest that the Germans were not to be taken seriously? It is technically brilliant; look how the horizontal hatchments emphasise the rotundity of the older generation. There is a skilful diagnosis of character, the suggestion of a touch of repression and an artificial refinement in the mother, the brooding adolescent, the exaggerated intensity of the youngster. And the frowning dachshund is delightful.
Pl. 27 Wyndham Lewis: A Battery Shelled Wyndham Lewis called himself a Vorticist. This was an iconoclastic movement, whose magazine was entitled Blast; Vorticism combined elements of Cubism, Expressionism and Futurism. In A Battery Shelled he uses the Cubist technique to express a vision of war. The scene is dominated by the guns and their accoutrements, the landscape has become mechanical, the soldiers have become robots- all but the three in the foreground whose impassive indifference drives home the vision. Wyndham Lewis's precise point is that war dulls the passions and depersonalizes man.
Pl. 31 Kathe Kollwitz: Die Freiwilligen (The Volunteers) Kathe Kollwitz grew up in a home both religious and revolutionary; both are present in her art. She studied art, married a doctor and found herself in socially motivated pictures. In a powerful series in the 1900s she evoked the Peasant War. In the 1920s she was less active artistically, but in the 1920s she recovered all her powers in a mighty series of woodcuts reflecting on the war. She loathed the Nazis but refused to leave Germany, where she died in 1945. Her work is a tribute to suffering humanity.
Pl. 34 John Armstrong: Pro Patria John Armstrong has some claim to be considered the leading British Surrealist painter. In 1938 he became oppressed by the shadow of war and painted a series of pictures prophetic of devastation, of which Pro Patria, with the placards of orating politicians still on the broken walls, is the finest. The symbols of destruction are carefully planned : the broken beams, the peeling paper, the shattered statue with its unseeing eye, the stunted trees, the scattered pebbles, the shadowing cloud. Yet all is not hopeless. The landscape is bare, but there remains water where a man may cleanse himself and start again. When war came Armstrong was an official artist, but he painted nothing as powerful as these prophetic visions.
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Index to Prose and Verse
'A dense white cold of maddened moths' (Montale), 296-7
'A green and silent spot amid the hills' (Coleridge), 57-60
Addison, Joseph, 33 Address at the Dedication of the
Gettysburg National Cemetery (Lincoln), 91-2, 362
Admiral Benbow (Anon.), 33-4 Advice for a Journey (Keyes), 293-4 'Mter the fallen sun the wind was
sad' (Rickwood), 211 Alamein to Zem Zem (extract)
(Douglas), 272-5 Aldington, Richard, 141-2 All Arms: The Return (Kipling), 135-6 'All my world has suddenly gone
quiet' (Richard Spender), 311 Alma (Sir Franklin Lushington),
74-5,362 America (extract) (Blake), 44-5, 361 Arnie!, Barry, 259 Amours de Voyage (extract) (Clough),
71-2,361 'An affable Irregular' (Yeats), 237 'An ancient bridge and a more
ancient tower' (Yeats), 234-5 An Irish Airman Forsees His Death
(Yeats), 232 Ancestral Houses (Yeats), 233-4 ' And just because he's human'
(Brecht), 251-2, 367 'And there Was a Great Calm': On
the Signing of the Armistice, 11th November 1918 (Hardy), 162-3
Annunzio, Gabriele d', 145-6, 363 Another Epitaph on an Army of
Mercenaries (MacDiarmid), 246, 367
'Another year!- another deadly blow' (Wordsworth), 62
Anthem for Doomed Youth (Owen), 203
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 143-4 Appleton, Peter, 319 Aristocrats: 'I think I am becoming
a God' (Douglas), 279
'As if the ant should fail with desire' (Alun Lewis), 294-5
At a Calvary Near the Ancre (Owen), 204
'At nightfall the autumn woods cry out' (Trakl), 223, 366
Auden, W. H., 259-60
Babel, Isaac, 146-9, 363 Ball's Bluff (Melville), 89 Bar of Shadows, A (extract) (Van Der
Post), 314-18 'Bartimeus' (Lewis Anselm Ritchie),
212-14, 366 Battle: 'The Assault' (Nichols),
191-4, 365 Battle of Blenheim, The (Southey),
56-7,361 Battle of Waterloo, The (Anon.), 65-6 Bauer, Walter, 261 Beat! Beat! Drums! (Whitman), 92-3 'Beat on the street the march of
rebellion' (Mayakovsko ), 184, 365 Before Action (Hodgson), 169 Before the First Parachute Descent
(Richard Spender), 311 'Bent double, like old beggars under
sacks' (Owen), 205-6 Binyon, Lawrence, 149-50 Blake, William, 43-5, 360, 361 Blenheim, The Battle of(Southey),
56-7, 361 Blessed Are (Peguy), 209-10, 365 'Blighters' (Sassoon), 218 Blok, Alexander, 150-1 'Blow out, you bugles' (Brooke), 153 Bly, Robert, 320 'Bold Benbow gave the signal for a
fight' (Anon.), 33-4 Borchert, Wolfgang, 261 Break of Day in the Trenches
(Rosenberg), 214-15 Brecht, Bertolt, 251-2, 262, 367 Bridges, Robert, 151-2, 364 Bright, John, 85-6 Britain's Bulwarks (Arne), 36-7
373
British Grenadiers, The (Anon.), 41, 360
Brooke, Rupert, 152-4 'Brothers, this dawn is yours'
(Eluard), 280 Budrys, Algis, 320-3 'But 0, my muse, what numbers
wilt thou find' (Addison), 33 'By all the glories of the day'
(Hodgson), 169
Calligram, 15 May 1915 (Apollinaire), 143
·~eos,great~eos!though twins in form' (~pbell), 264
~eron, Norman, 262 ~pbell,Roy, 252-7,262-4,367. Candide: 'What happened to Candide
amongst the Bulgars', 'How Candide escaped from the Bulgars' (Voltaire), 37-40
Capture of Walter Schnajfs, The (de Maupassant), 93-9
Catch-22 (extract) (Heller), 283-4 Charge of the Heavy Brigade at
Balaclava, The (Tennyson), 75-7 Chateaubriand, Francois-Rene,
Vicomte de, 45-55, 361 Christmas: 1915 (MacKaye), 181, 365 Churchill (Skinner), 310 Churchill, Winston, 264-6 Claudel, Paul, 154-5 Clausewitz, Karl von, 68-71 Clough, Arthur, 71-2,361 Cole, Grady and Hazel, 323 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 57-60 Colonial War and Mental Disorders
(Fanon1324-7, 368 'Come brave honest Jack Tar, once mor~ will you venture' (Anon.), 55, 361 .
'Come cheer up, my lads, 'tis to glory we steer' (Garrick), 36
'Come me brave boys, as I've told you before' (Anon.), 61
Comfort, Alex, 266-72, 367 Condemnation (Hanh), 359, 369 Cornflower, 1917 (Apollinaire), 144 Cornford, John, 250, 367 Crane, Stephen, 106-7, 363 Crowd, The (Wyn~ ;Lewis), 1?7-8 'Customs die hard m this our native
land' (Squire), 222
Daddy (Plath), 355-7, 369 d'Annunzio, Gabriele, 145-6, 363 Dark is Light Enough, The (extract)
(Fry), 327-8 'Dawn off the Foreland- the young
flood making' (Kipling), 177
Dawn on the Sierra of Gredos (~pbell),253-7
de Maupassant, Guy, 93-9 Dead Men (Douglas), 276-7 Dead, The (extracts lll and IV)
(Brooke), 153-4 'Dear! Of all happy in the hour'
(Brooke), 153 Death is a Matter of Mathematics
(Amiel), 259 Death of a Hero (extract) (Aldington).
142 Death of Dolgushov, The (Babel),
146-9,363 Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, The
(Jarrell), 289 'Deep in the winter plain, two
armies' (Stephen Spender), 311-12 'Deeply across the waves of our
darkness' (Rook), 304-5, 368 'Describing circle after circle' (Blok),
151 Dilemma, The (Squire), 222 Disarm! Disarm! (extract) (von
Suttner), 104-6, 363 'Do not despair' (Pudney), 300 Doings of the Mackerel Brigade and
Notes of the Latest Improvements in Artillery, etc. (Newell), 86-8, 362
Douglas, Keith, 272-9 'Down the close, darkening lanes they
sang their way' (Owen), 203 Drink Old England Dry (Anon.), 61,
361 Drinkwater, John, 156 Drum, The (Scott), 41-2 Drummer Hodge (Hardy), 136-7, 363 Dug-Out, The (Sassoon), 218 Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen), 205-6 'Dulled by the slow glare of the
yellow bulb' (Gascoyne), 281-2 Dunkirk Pier (Rook), 304-5, 368
'Eathen, The (Kipling), 128-30, 363 Eberhart, Richard, 279-80 Beger, Pete, 358 Eighteen-Seventy (extracts)
(Rimbaud), 100-1 Eliot, T. S., 240-1, 366 Eluard, Paul, 280, 367 Empson, William,280-1 England, My England (Henley),
108-9 England to the Sea (Vemede), 225-6 Enterrar y Collar (Eiuard), 280, 367 Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries
(Housman), 170, 364 Everyone Sang (Sassoon), 219, 366 Ewer, W. N., 157 Exposure (Owen), 204-5
374
Fanon, Frantz, 324-7, 368 'Fear is a wave' (Read), 210-11 Fears in Solitude (extract)
(Coleridge), 57-60 First Elegy: End of a Campaign
(Henderson), 284-5, 367 Five Souls (Ewer), 157 Flowering Rifle (extract) (Campbell),
252-3, 367 For All We Have and Are (Kipling),
175-6 'For I dipt into the future, far as
human eye could see' (Tennyson), 71 For Johnny (Pudney), 300 For the Fallen (Binyon), 149--50 Forty Foot Setting, A (Ritchie-
'Bartimeus'), 212-14, 366 'From my mother's sleep I fell into
the State' (Jarrell), 289 From the Arras Road (Binyon), 150 Fry, Christopher, 327-8 Full Moon at Tierz: Before the
Storming of Huesca (Comford), 250,367
Fury of Aerial Bombardment, The (Eberhart), 279-80
Futility (Owen), 206
Garrick, David, 36 Gascoyne, David, 281-2 General, The (Sassoon), 218 Georg, Stefan, 158 Gettysburg National Cemetery,
Address at the Dedication of the (Lincoln), 91-2, 362
Gibson, Wilfred, 159 Giraudoux, Jean, 241--6 'God heard the embattled nations
sing and shout' (Squire), 222 God, How I Hate You (West), 231-2,
366 ' "Good morning, good morning!"
the General said' (Sassoon), 218 Graves, Robert, 283 Greater Love (Owen), 207 Green, Green is El Aghir (Cameron),
262 Grenfell, Julian, 159-60 'Grey, grey mom o'er the hollow
dark is creeping' (Sir Franklin Lushington), 74-5
Grieve see MacDiarmid Grinde! see Eluard Grodek (Trakl), 223, 366 Guevara, Che, 328-32
Hand that Signed the Paper, The (Thomas), 247
Hanh, Thich Nhat, 359, 369 'Happy are men who yet before they
are killed' (Owen), 207-9
Happy Warrior, The (Read), 210 Hardy, Thomas, 136--7, 161-3, 363,
364 Hasek, Jaroslav, 164-9 'Having inherited a vigorous mind'
(Yeats), 236 'He had the plowman's strength'
(Rhys), 211 'He's five foot two and he's six foot
four' (Sainte-Marie), 357-8, 369 Head of the District, The (Kipling),
110-28 'Hearken, 0 Mother, hearken to thy
daughter' (Vemede), 225-6 'Heart of the heartless world'
(Comford), 250 Hearts of Oak (Garrick), 36 Heller, Joseph, 283-4 Henderson, Hamish, 283-4, 367 Henley, W. E., 108-9 Henry, G. A., 101-4, 362 Hillary, Richard, 286--7, 367 'His wild heart beats with painful
sobs' (Read), 210 Hitler has only got one ball
(Soldiers' Song), 258 Hitlerian Spring (Montale), 296--7 Hodgson, W. N., 169 Home Thoughts From Abroad (Alun
Lewis), 294-5 House of Commons, From a Speech In
(Bright), 85-6 Housman, A. E., 110, 170,364 Hunt, G. W., 108
'I am a youthful lady' (Anon.), 61-2 'I am the man who gi\'es the word'
(Appleton), 319 'I am the man who looked for
peace' (Keyes), 294 'I climb to the tower-top and lean
upon broken stone' (Yeats), 238-9 I don't want to join the army
(Soldiers' Song), 258 'I hate that drum's discordant sound'
(Scott), 41-2, 360 'I know that I shall meet my fate'
(Yeats), 232 I see Phantoms of Hatred and of the
Heart's Fullness and of the Coming Emptiness (Yeats), 238-9
I Vow to Thee, My Country (Spring-Rice), 221-2
'I went into a public house' (Kipling), 131-2
'If I should die, think only this of me' (Brooke), 154
If We Must Die (McKay), 181, 364 'If you want to find the sergeant'
(Soldiers' Song), 139-40 Ignorance of Death (Empson), 280-1
375
Imitation (and Endorsement) of the Famous Sonnet of Bocage which he wrote on Active Service Out East (Campbell), 264
'In due course, of course' (Reed), 303-4
In Flanders Fields (~acCrae), 180 In Parenthesis (extract) (David
Jones), 170-3, 364 Insensibility (Owen), 207-9 In the Ambulance (Gibson), 159 'In the centre of the poster,
Napoleon' (Rimbaud), 100 In Time of 'The Breaking of Nations
(Hardy), 162, 364 Inkerman (extract) (Henry
Lushington), 79-80, 362 Into Buttle (Grenfell), 159-60 'It is a clearing deep in a forest'
(Bly), 320 'It is a God-damned lie to say that
these' (~acDiarmid}, 246, 367 'It is mid-day, I see the church open'
(Claudel), 154-5 · 'It seemed that out of battle I
escaped' (Owen), 201-2, 365 'It was a summer evening' (Southey),
56-7, 361 'It's a long way to Tipperary'
(Soldiers' Song), 140
Jack Tar (Anon.), 55, 361 Jarama Valley (MacDude), 251, 367 Jarrell, Randall, 288-9 Johnson, Samuel, 40-1 Johnson's Cabinet Watched by Ants
(Bly), 320 Jones, David, 170-3, 364 Jones,James,289-93, 368 Judging Distances (Reed), 302-3 Junger, Ernst, 174-5, 364
Kerr, Orpheus C. (Robert H. Newell), 86-8, 362
Keyes, Sidney, 293-4 'Kind friends, take warning by my
sad tale' (Anon.), 72-3, 361 Kipling, Rudyard, 110-36, 175-7, 363
Lessons of the War (Reed), 301-4 Leveridge, Richard, 34, 360 Lewis, Alun, 294-5 Lewis, C. Day, 296 Lewis, P. Wyndham, 177-8 Lincoln, Abraham, 91-2, 362 'Listen to this: yesterday six
Vietcong came through my village' (Hanh), 359, 369
Locke, David Ross, 89-90 Locksley Hall (extract) (Tennyson),
71 'Look, that is where the dead lay
then' (Bauer), 261 Lost in France (Rhys), 211 Lushington, Henry, 79-80, 362 Lushington, Sir Franklin, 74-5, 362
McCassery (Anon.), 72-3, 361 ~acCrae,John, 180 ~cCurdy, Ed, 354-5 ~acDiarmid, Hugh, 246, 367 ~acDude, Alex, 251, 367 ~cKay, Claude, 181, 364 ~acKaye, Percy, 181, 365 ~ackintosh, E. A., 179-80 Mademoiselle from Armenteers
(Soldiers' Song), 139 Mahratta Ghats, The (Alun Lewis),
295 March to Moscow, The (Southey),
63-4 Marlborough at Blenheim (Addison),
33 Maud (extract) (Tennyson), 77-9, 362 ~aupassant, Guy de, 93-9 ~aurois,Andre, 182-3 ~ayakovsko, Vladimir, 184, 365 Meditations in Time of Civil War
(Yeats), 233-9 ~elville, Herman, 89 Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man
(extract) (Sassoon), 216-17 Men Who March Away (Song of the
Soldiers) (Hardy), 161, 364 Mine Sweepers, 1914-18 (Kipling),
177 ~ontague, C. E., 185-7 ~ontale, Eugenio, 296-7
Labouring Man, The (Anon.), 66-7, Moonrise Over Battlefield (Rickward), 361 211
'Lads, you're wanted, go and help' Moral Qualities in War (von (~ackintosh), 179-80 Clausewitz), 68-71
Larteguy, Jean, 332-54, 368-9 Morale and Discipline of Revolutionary Last Enemy, The (Hillary), 286-7, 367 Fighters, The (Guevara), 328-32 Last, Jef, 247-9 ·~ove him into the sun' (Owen), 206 Last Night I had the Strangest Dream Mr. Britling Sees It Through (extract) ~cCurdy), 354-5 (Wells), 227-31
Last of the Just (extract) ~unro, H. E. ('Saki'), 187-91, 365 (Schwarz-Bart), 305-9, 368 My Descendants (Yeats), 236
Lemmings, The (Comfort), 266-72,367 My House (Yeats), 234-5
376
'My life has crept so long on a broken wing' (Tennyson), 77-9, 362
My Table (Yeats), 235-6
Naming of Parts (Reed), 301 Nasby, Petroleum V. see Locke 'Never until the mankind making'
(Dylan Thomas), 312-13 Newbolt, Henry, 101-10, 363 Newell, Robert H. (Orpheus C.
Kerr), 86-8, 362 Nichols, Robert, 191-4, 365 Nineteen-Fourteen (Brooke), 152-4 'Not only how far away, but the
way that you say it' (Reed), 302 November: 1806 (Wordsworth), 62 'Now, God be thanked who has
matched us with His hour' (Brooke), 152-3
'Now is the midnight of the nations' (MacKaye), 181, 365
Noyes, Alfred, 194--5
Objections to the War (Sassoon), 217-18, 366
O'Casey, Sean, 195-200 October 1861 (A Reverie)
(Melville), 89 Old Barbed Wire, The (Soldiers'
Song), 139-40 'On the eighteenth day of June,
eighteen hundred and fifteen' (Anon.), 65-6
'On the hill of battle' (Henry Lushington), 79-80, 362
'On the idle hill of summer' (Housman), 110
On the Signing of the Armistice 11th November 1918 (Hardy), 162-3
'On what foundation stands the Warrior's Pride' (Johnson), 40-1
'One ever hangs where shelled roads part' (Owen), 204
'One man, whose very blemishes seemed great' (Skinner), 310
'One noon day, at my window in the town' (Melville), 89
'Only a man harrowing clods' (Hardy), 162, 364
'Only a tramp was Laz'rus that begged' (Cole), 323
'Our brains ache, in the merciless iced east winds that knive us' (Owen), 204--5
Our March (1917) (Mayakovsko), 184, 365
Owen, Wilfred, 201-9, 365
Pajaro Negro (The Black Bird) (Last), 247-9
Parable of the Old Man and the Young, The(Owen),202
Peace (extract from 1914) (Brooke), 152-3
'Peace is declared, an' I return' (Kipling), 135-6, 363
Peguy, Charles, 209-10, 365 Persian Version, The (Graves), 283 Plath, Sylvia, 355-9, 369 Plough and the Stars, The (extract)
(O'Casey), 195-200 Post, Laurens Van Der, 314--18 Poster of our Dazzling Victory at
Saarbrucken, A (Rimbaud), 100 Powell, Anthony, 297-8 Preface (Owen), 201, 365 Price, The (Budrys), 320-3 Prince, F. T., 298-300 Private, A (Edward Thomas), 223 Pudney,John,300
Raining (Soldiers' Song), 138 Read, Herbert, 210-11 Recessional (Kipling), 132-3 Reconciliation (Whitman), 93 Recruiting (Mackintosh), 179-80 Red Badge of Courage, The (extract)
(Crane), 106-7, 363 'Red lips are not so red' (Owen), 207 Reed, Henry, 301-4 Refusal to Mourn the Death by Fire
of a Child in London (Dylan Thomas), 312-13
'Remember me when I am dead' (Douglas), 277-8
Responsibility, The (Appleton), 319 Return, The (Kipling), 135-6, 363 Reverie, A (Melville), 89 Rhys, Ernest, 211 Rice, Cecil Spring-, 221-2 Rickwood, Edgell, 211 Rimbaud, Arthur, 100-1 Ritchie, Lewis Anselm ('Bartimeus'),
212-14, 366 Road at My Door, The (Yeats), 237 Roast Beef of Old England, The
(Leveridge), 34, 360 Rook, Alan, 304-5,368 Rosenberg, Isaac, 214--15 Rough Justice: 'Courts Martial'
(Montague), 185-7 Rue de Ia Bombe (Larteguy), 332-54,
368-9 Rule, Britannia! (Soldiers' Song), 258 Rule, Britannia! (Thomson), 35, 360
Safety (extract from 1914) (Brooke), 153
Sainte-Marie, Buffy, 357-8, 369 'Saki' (H. E. Munro), 187-91, 365 Sassoon, Siegfried, 215-19, 366
377
Say This City (Auden), 259-60 Scene of War, The: 'The Happy
Warrior', 'Fear' (Read), 210-11 Schwarz-Bart, Andre, 305-9, 368 Schweik Joins the Army (Hasek),
164-9 Scott, John, 41-2 Search-Lights, The (Noyes), 194-5 Second Coming, The (Yeats), 232-3 Secret Life of Walter Mitty, The
(extract) (Thurber), 313-14, 368 Send-Off, The (Owen), 203 Sevastopol (extract) (Tolstoy), 80-5,
362 'Shadow by shadow, stripped for
fight' (Noyes), 194-5 Sherston's Progress (extract)
(Sassoon), 215-16 'Ship of steel, straight, speedy,
fleeting' (d'Annunzio), 145--6, 363 Showing Something to a Stranger
(Bauer), 261 Shows Why He Should Not Be
Drafted (Locke), 89-90 Shropshire Lad, A (extract)
(Housman), 110 Silences of Colonel Bramble, The
(extract) (Maurois), 182-3 Simplify Me When I'm Dead
(Douglas), 277-8 'Sitting on a stone a Shepherd'
(Turner), 224--5 Sitwell, Edith, 309-10 Sitwell, Osbert, 219-20 Sky-Sent Death, The (Turner), 224--5 Skinner, Martyn, 310 Sleeper in the Valley, The (Rimbaud),
101 'So Abram rose, and clave the wood,
and went' (Owen), 202 Soldier, The (extract from 1914)
(Brooke), 154 Soldier Walks Under the Trees of the
University, The (Jarrell), 288 Soldiers Bathing (Prince), 298-300 Soldiers' Songs: 1913-24, 138-40;
1939-45,258 Solomon in all his Glory (Studdert
Kennedy), 222-3, 366 'Some talk of Alexander and some of
Hercules' (Anon.), 41, 360 Song of Liberty, A (Blake), 43-4, 360 Song of the Soldiers (Hardy), 161 Song of the United Front (Brecht),
251-2, 367 Sonnet (Wordsworth), 63 Sorley, Charles Hamilton, 221, 366 'Sound! Sound! my loud war-
trumpets' (Blake), 44-5, 361 Southey, Robert, 56-7, 63-4, 361 Spender, Richard, 311
Spender, Stephen, 311-12 'Sprawled on the bags and crates in
the rear of the truck' (Cameron), 262
Squire, Sir J. C., 222 Stare's Nest By My Window, The
(Yeats), 237-8 Stellenbosch (composite columns)
(Kipling), 133-4, 363 Still Falls the Rain (Edith Sitwell),
309-10 'Still I see them coming, coming'
(Studdert-Kennedy), 222-3, 366 'Stone, bronze, stone, steel, stone'
(Eliot), 240-1 Storm of Steel, The (extract)
(Junger), 174-5, 364 Strange Meeting (Owen), 201-2,
365 Studdert-Kennedy, G. A., 222-3, 366 'Surely among a rich man's flowering
lawns' (Yeats), 233-4 Suttner, Baroness von, 104-6, 363 Syria (Douglas), 275--6
Talking Bronco (extract) (Campbell), 262-3
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 71, 75-9, 362 'The beating of the guns grows
louder' (Nichols), 191-4, 365 'The bees building in the crevices'
(Yeats), 237-8 'The Bishop tells us: "When the
boys come back" ' (Sassoon), 219 'The charge of the gallant three
hundred, the Heavy Brigade' (Tennyson), 75-7
'The darkness crumbles away' (Rosenberg), 214-15
'The drums mutter for war and soon we must begin' (Keyes), 293-4
'The early night falls on the plain' (Binyon), 150
'The 'eathen in 'is blindness' (Kipling), 128-30
'The Emperor Nap he would set off' (Southey), 63-4
'The Eternal Female groan'd!' (Blake), 43-4, 360
'The General 'eard the firin' on the flank' (Kipling), 133-4, 363
'The grasses, ancient enemies' (Douglas), 275--6
'The House is crammed: tier beyond tier they grin' (Sassoon), 218
'The long war had ended' (Osbert Sitwell), 219-20
'The naked earth is warm with spring' (Grenfell), 159--60
'The noble horse with courage in his eye' (Douglas), 279
378
'The past, a glacier, gripped the mountain wall' (Cornford), 250, 367
'The rain is plashing on my sill' (Timrod), 90-1
'The sea at evening marbles the warm sand' (Prince), 298-300
'The sky's as blue and black as ink' (Apollinaire), 143
'The swollen river sang through the green hold' (Rimbaud), 101
'The valleys crack and bum' (Alun Lewis), 295
'The walls have been shaded for so many years' (Jarrell), 288
'Then there is this civilizing love of death' (Empson), 280-1
'There are many dead in the brutish desert' (Henderson), 284-5, 367
'There had been years of Passion' (Hardy), 162-3
'There's a breathless hush in the Close tonight' (Newbolt), 109-10, 363
'There's a convict more in the Central Jail' (Kipling), 110-11
'There's a valley in Spain called Jarama' (MacDude), 251, 367
'These, in the day when heaven was falling' (Housman), 170, 364
'They' (Sassoon), 219 'They throw in Drummer Hodge, to
rest' (Hardy), 136-7, 363 'They who in panic or mere greed'
(C. Day Lewis), 296 Thin Red Line, The (extract) (James
Jones), 289-93, 368 'This ploughman dead, in battle
slept out of doors' (Edward Thomas), 223
Thomas, Dylan, 247, 312-13 Thomas, Edward, 223 Thomson, James, 35, 360 Those Born in the Years of
Stagnation (Blok), 150-1 'Those hearts were woven of human
joys and cares' (Brooke), 154 'Thou careless, awake!' (Bridges),
151-2,364 'Three weeks gone, and the
combatants gone' (Douglas), 278 Thurber, James, 313-14, 368 Tiger at the Gates (extract) (Eliot),
241-6,366 Timrod, Henry, 90-1 Tipperary (Soldiers' Song), 140 To a Torpedo-Boat in the Adriatic
(d'Annunzio), 145-6, 363 To a Young Leader in the First World
War (George), 158 To Germany (Sorley), 221, 366
To Margot Heinemann (Cornford), 250
To Sacheverell (November 1918) (Osbert Sitwell), 219-20
To the French of the Second Empire (Rimbaud), 100
'Today we have naming of parts' (Reed), 301-4
Tolstoy, Count Leo, 80-5, 362 Tommy (Kipling), 131-2 'Tonight the moon inveigles them'
(Douglas), 276-7 Toys of Peace, The (Munro- 'Saki'),
187-91, 365 Trakl, Georg, 223, 366 Tramp on the Street, The (Cole), 323 Trench Idyll (Aldington), 141 Trinity, The (Squire), 222 Triumphal March (Eliot), 240-1 'Truth-loving Persians do not dwell
upon' (Graves), 283 Turner, W. J., 224-5 'Turning and turning in the widening
gyre' (Yeats), 232-3 Two Armies (Stephen Spender),
311-12 'Two heavy trestles and a board'
(Yeats), 235-6 'Two rows of cabbages' (Gibson), 159
Unarmed Combat (Reed), 303-4 Universal Soldier (Sainte-Marie),
357-8, 369 Unknown Dead, The (Timrod), 90-1 Untitled (Sorley), 221
Valley of Bones, The (extract) (Powell), 297-8
VanDer Post, Laurens, 314-18 Vanity of Human Wishes, The
(extract) (Johnson), 40-1 Vergissmeinicht (Douglas), 278 VemMe, R. E., 225-6 Victory, The (Anon.), 61-2 Virgin at Mid-day, The (Claudel),
154-5 Vital Lampada (Newbolt), 109-10,
363 Voltaire, 37-9, 39-40 von Clausewitz, Karl, 68-71 von Suttner, Baroness, 104-6, 363 Vulture, The (Blok), 151
Wake Up, England (Bridges), 151-2, 364
War Crowds, The (Wyndham Lewis), 177-8
War Poet (Keyes), 294 Wartime Dawn, A (Gascoyne), 281-2 Wartime Speeches (extracts)
(Churchill), 264-6
379
Waterloo, The Battle of(Anon.), 65-6
'We don't want to fight, but by jingo if we do' (Hunt), 108
'We sat together in the trench' (Aldington), 141
'We see the Priests of Famine, Death and Loss' (Campbell), 252-3, 367
We Willed It Not (Drinkwater), 156 We're Here Because (Soldiers' Song),
138 Wells, H. G., 227-31 West, Arthur Graeme, 231-2, 366 'What have I done for you' (Henley),
108-9 'What of the faith and fire within us'
(Hardy), 161, 364 'What passing-bells for those who
die as cattle?' (Owen), 203 'When Britain first, at Heaven's
command' (Thomson), 35, 360 'When Britain on her sea-girt shore'
(Arne), 36-7 When Men March Off To War
(Brecht), 262 'When mighty roast beef was the
Englishman's food' (Leveridge), 34,360
'When the war was over' (Borchert), 261
'When to your country you came home from the desolate field' (George), 158
'When you see millions of the mouthless dead' (Sorley), 221
Where are the War Poets (C. Day Lewis), 296
Where Have All The Flowers Gone? (Seeger), 358
'While those of us by Targus stray' (Campbell), 253-7
Whitman, Walt, 92-3 'Why do you lie with your legs
ungainly huddled' (Sassoon), 218 Why Not? (Borchert), 261 With Kitchener to Khartoum (extract),
101-4, 362 'With proud thanksgiving a mother
for her children' (Binyon), 149-50 With The Emigrant Army (extract)
(Chateaubriand), 45-55, 361 'Word over all, beautiful as the sky'
(Whitman), 93 Wordsworth, William, 62-3 Wyndham Lewis, P., 177-8
Yeats, W. B., 232-9 'Yes, we are fighting at last, it
appears' (Clough), 71-2, 361 'You are blind like us' (Sorley), 221,366 'You, dead in '92 and '93'
(Rimbaud), 100 'You do not do, you do not do'
(Plath), 355-7, 369 'You English men of each degree'
(Anon.), 66-7, 361 'You would think the fury of aerial
bombardment' (Eberhart), 279-80 'Young man of twenty'
(Apollinaire), 144