ns 5 lectures 7 and 8 2010
TRANSCRIPT
LECTURES 7 and 8: BIODIVERSITY
(Concepts and Measurements)
OVERVIEW: 2010 AS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF BIODIVERSITY
OVERVIEW: THE BIO-DAVERSITY CODE VIDEO
LECTURE 7: BIODIVERSITY
CONCEPTS and HOTSPOTS
BIODIVERSITY: Definitionvariety of life forms, ecological functions they perform, genetic variations they contain
the diversity of life on Earth
variety at all levels of b i o l o g i c a l organization
COMPONENTS OF BIODIVERSITYG e n e t i c d i v e r s i t y –genetic variation within populations or species
S p e c i e s d i v e r s i t y –numbers of species within an area; umber of species in a community. More species = greater species diversity
Ecosystem diversity–v a r i a t i o n a m o n g e c o s y s t e m s , c o m m u n i t i e s , landscapes
WHY IS BIODIVERSITY IMPORTANT?
Economic value–resources, including food, medicines and other helpful chemicals, genes for better crops
Utilitarian value–prevent erosion, purify water, recycle CO2, regulate climate, recycle nutrients through decomposition, collectively, “ecosystem services”
Psychological value–direct or indirect enjoyment of nature
Intrinsic value–independent of humans
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
BIODIVERSITY QUALITY MAP
BIODIVERSITY-RICH AREAS
PROTECTED AREAS
THREATENED AREAS
THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Habitat DestructionOver-exploitationChemical (Environmental) PollutionBiological Pollution (Species Level)Weak Institutional and Legal Capacities
FEEL THE CHANGE...The forest cover in the country has been reduced from more than 50 percent to less than 24 percent over a 40 year period (1948 to 1987)
Only about 5 percent of the country’s coral reefs remains in excellent condition
About 30-50 percent of its seagrass beds in the last 50 years
About 80 percent of its mangrove areas in the last 75 years, have been lost
About 50 percent of national parks are no longer biologically important
WHAT MAKES AN ECOSYSTEM HEALTHY?
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
HOW CAN YOU HELP?
DECISION 101: WHICH SPECIES TO
CONSERVE?
PHILIPPINES AS A HOTSPOT
(CHECK OUT: ACTIVITY BOOK FOR ENDEMIC AND THREATENED SPECIES)
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
Priority Sites for
Conservation in the
Philippines: Key
Biodiversity Areas
LECTURE 8: BIODIVERSITY
MEASUREMENTS
Measures : INDICATORS OF THE WELL-BEING OF ECOSYSTEMS
Species Richness: Number of species in the community
Species Evenness: Relative proportion of individuals belonging to each of the species
Species Diversity: Shannon-Weiner index
GROUP WORK ON BIODIVERSITY MEASUREMENTS
FORM 4 GROUPS (9-10 PER GROUP)
CHOOSE A CAR PARK AND OBTAIN THE FOLLOWING DATA, FOLLOWING YOUR WORKSHEET (Prepare one-page report in an acetate)
CHOOSE A REPRESENTATIVE AND REPORT YOUR RESULTS NEXT MEETING
DATA TO OBTAINPROPORTION (pi) = Number/total
Log (pi) = Get LOG using your calculator
pilogpi = Multiply previously obtained value with your proportion
H’ = -Σpilogpi (Get sum of your previously obtained values then Multiply with a negative sign to obtain a positive value