nuclear fragmentation in ion beam...
TRANSCRIPT
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Nuclear fragmentation in ion beam therapy
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Content
▪ Motivation
▪ “New” ions - 4He@HIT ▪ Activation measurements
▪ Online monitoring of the Bragg peak ▪ Dose Delivery System
▪ Summary
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
Patients treated
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
M.Dosanjh 2017 based on PTCOG data
Patients treated
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Increase of patient numbers
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
range in water [cm]
rel.
dose
target
inverse depth dose profile
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
range in water [cm]
rel.
dose
target
inverse depth dose profile increased biological effect
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motiviation
Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motiviation
Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006
Higher ionization density
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motiviation
Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006
Higher ionization density
More complex damage
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motiviation
Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006
Higher ionization density
More complex damage
More difficult to repair
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motiviation
Cucinotta and Durante, Lancet Oncol. 2006
Higher ionization density
More complex damage
More difficult to repair
Higher biological efficiency
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
Relative fluence 220 MeV/u 4He ions stopping in water
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
▪ ~ 50 % of the primary 4He ions reach the Bragg peak
Relative fluence 220 MeV/u 4He ions stopping in water
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
▪ ~ 50 % of the primary 4He ions reach the Bragg peak
▪ lighter fragments have increased penetration depth
Relative fluence 220 MeV/u 4He ions stopping in water
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Motivation
▪ ~ 50 % of the primary 4He ions reach the Bragg peak
▪ lighter fragments have increased penetration depth
Relative fluence 220 MeV/u 4He ions stopping in water
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
Interaction with matter ↓
Change in radiation field ↓
Difference in radiation quality ↓
Prediction mandatory in therapy!
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
• Hybrid approach
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data PTW website
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation
PTW website
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation• Deterministic Code (e.g. TRiP98) for planning
PTW website
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Insertion - Treatment planning
• TPS is trying to find optimal treatment within constraints• Biological effectiveness included!
• Hybrid approach• Benchmark experiments (QA) using water -> Base data • MC (Fluka) for full base data calculation• Deterministic Code (e.g. TRiP98) for planning
• Plan QA
PTW website
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HITBevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C
Bevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons
Bevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons
Bevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons▪ Less lateral scattering -> protons
courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis)
Bevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ physical and biological “compromise” between protons and 12C▪ RBE in Bragg peak region > protons▪ Less energy straggling -> protons▪ Less lateral scattering -> protons▪ Less projectile fragmentation -> 12C
courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis) courtesy of M.Rovituso (Thesis)
Bevalac USA
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data▪ Measurement campaign to benchmark TRiP98
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data▪ Measurement campaign to benchmark TRiP98
▪ Attenuation of the primary beam
M.Kraemer et al, Med. Phys. 2016
4He@200MeV/u on water
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
▪ Planned start for 4He@HIT 2019▪ Inaccurate/missing cross section data▪ Measurement campaign to benchmark TRiP98
▪ Attenuation of the primary beam▪ Double differential yields
M.Kraemer et al, Med. Phys. 2016
4He@120MeV/u on 4.28cm water
M.Rovituso et al, PMB 2017
4He@200MeV/u on water
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
SOPB calculated in H20
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
SOPB calculated in H20
calculation courtesy of F. Horst
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
SOPB calculated in H20
calculation courtesy of F. Horst F. Horst et al. Phys. Rev. C 2017
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
SOPB calculated in H20
calculation courtesy of F. Horst F. Horst et al. Phys. Rev. C 2017
Tripathi cross section parametrization (implemented in TRiP) under-estimates the
4He+12C reaction cross section by up to 30%.
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
“New” ions - 4He@HIT
Courtesy of F. Horst and G. Arico*
Collaboration with Fluka core developers
Preliminary Preliminary
* as shown at MCMA 2017
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
▪ So far ...
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
▪ So far ...▪ Fragmentation -> Dose degradation
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
▪ So far ...▪ Fragmentation -> Dose degradation▪ But can be also useful -> PET
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
▪ So far ...▪ Fragmentation -> Dose degradation▪ But can be also useful -> PET
W. Enghardt et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 2004
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Activation measurements
▪ PET measurement approach -> Target fragmentation
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Activation measurements
▪ PET measurement approach -> Target fragmentation
Test experiment at Trento proton therapy center, Italy in June 2017
Protons on carbon
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Activation measurements
▪ PET measurement approach -> Target fragmentation
Test experiment at Trento proton therapy center, Italy in June 2017
Protons on carbon
PRELIMINARY
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Activation measurements
▪ PET measurement approach -> Target fragmentation
Test experiment at Trento proton therapy center, Italy in June 2017
Protons on carbon
PRELIMINARYFOOT collaboration (FragmentatiOn Of Target) • funded by INFN • 50+ researchers • Inverse kinematic strategy • Measurement ready 2019/20
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Online monitoring of the Bragg peak
▪ PET is typically used after the treatment
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Online monitoring of the Bragg peak
▪ PET is typically used after the treatment▪ Use prompt radiation to monitor treatment in real time
Beamline
Nozzle
Window Rifitarget volume
light fragments
prompt γ
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Online monitoring of the Bragg peak
▪ PET is typically used after the treatment▪ Use prompt radiation to monitor treatment in real time▪ Problem -> Perform measurement within constraints of
treatment
Beamline
Nozzle
Window Rifitarget volume
light fragments
prompt γ
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Dose Delivery System
▪ collaboration of CNAO and GSI for a next generation scanning system
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Dose Delivery System
▪ collaboration of CNAO and GSI for a next generation scanning system
▪ => core of the irradiation controls
lateral:dipol magnets
longitudinal:beam energy
Beamline
Nozzle
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Dose Delivery System
▪ collaboration of CNAO and GSI for a next generation scanning system
▪ => core of the irradiation controls▪ FPGA-based▪ 4D (tumor motion) capabilities
lateral:dipol magnets
longitudinal:beam energy
Beamline
Nozzle
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Dose Delivery System
▪ collaboration of CNAO and GSI for a next generation scanning system
▪ => core of the irradiation controls▪ FPGA-based▪ 4D (tumor motion) capabilities
▪ Main problem -> Fast Beam monitoring detectors!
lateral:dipol magnets
longitudinal:beam energy
Beamline
Nozzle
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Summary
▪ High quality cross section measurements are always needed!
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Summary
▪ High quality cross section measurements are always needed!
▪ But there is more for the nuclear physics community to do:
▪ Online monitoring of the Bragg peak -> Experimental expertise
▪ Dose Delivery System -> Detector R&D
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH NuSPRASEN - C.Schuy - Biophysics
Thanks for your attention