Nuclear Safety & Security Culture in Pakistan

Mr. Mohammad Anwar HabibChairman

Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

Scheme of Presentation

• PNRA (Introduction)

• Regulatory Framework

• Core Functions

• Legal Framework

• Safety and Security Culture

• Present Activities

• Challenges

• Conclusion2

PNRA

• Our Vision:To become a world class regulatory body with highly trained,

competent and dedicated personnel with a zeal to foster a positive safety culture in their licensees and to regulate nuclear safety to protect the public, the workers and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation and in a manner that wins the confidence of all the stakeholders

• Our Mission:To ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities and to protect

the radiation workers, general public and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation by formulating and implementing effective regulations and building a relationship of trust with the licensee and maintain transparency in actions and decisions taken by the regulatory authority.

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Regulatory Framework

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a) Issued by the Government of Pakistanb) presents basic objectives, concepts and

principles of nuclear and radiation safety and protection for the regulation of nuclear energy

Ordinance

a) issued by PNRAb) specify the basic requirements that must be

fulfilled to ensure safety but do not contain recommendations on how to meet the requirements

Regulations

a) issued by PNRA, of a non-mandatory natureb) recommend actions, conditions or

procedures for meeting safety requirements

Regulatory Guides

Codes and Standards

a) Issued by national and international organizations e.g. IEEE, ASME etc.

b) recommend standard set of criteria or acceptance values for achieving

Core Functions

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Legal Framework

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Concept of Nuclear Safety

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4. Containment 5. Primary to Secondary6. Secondary to Tertiary

7.

Shielding

Time

Distance

To protect man from the harmful effects of radiation

Concept of Radiation Safety

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Barrier/Delay

To protect the facility from the deliberate actions

Detection

Response

Concept of Nuclear Security

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Adversary or Intruder

Integration of Safety and Security

Public Workers

Environment

Prevention

Control

Mitigation

Prevention

Protection

Deterrence

Potential hazards

from site and operational

malfunctionsPotential hazards

from Malicious

acts

Shared objectives of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security

The shared objective is to protect people and environment from the potential risk from radioactive material and associated facilities

Both consider and deal with the human behavior which is important for the establishment and enhancement of culture.

Both strive for: handling the complacency

achieving high standards of honesty and integrity

Establishing an effective management system12

Cultural

Generative

Safety & Security is built into the way we work and

think

Reactive

Safety & Security is important we do lots of it

after every accident

Safety and Security Culture Approach

Nuclear Safety Culture• Risk of inadvertent human

error

• Overriding concern for transparency and dialogue leading to sharing of information

Nuclear Security Culture• Places an additional

emphasis on deliberate acts

• Immediate response to confirmed or perceived threats/ incidents requiring restriction on communication to authorized persons

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Safety and security culture coexist and need to reinforce each other because they share the common objective of limiting risk. There will be occasions where there are differences between safety and security requirements. Therefore, an organization in charge of nuclear matters has to foster an approach that integrates safety and security in a mutually supporting manner.

Synergy of Safety and Security Culture

Safety and security cultures need to reinforce each other and organization has to foster an approach that integrates safety and security in a mutually supporting manner.

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Nuclear Security Culture

Organizational Culture

Nuclear Safety Culture

Safety Culture

Continuous safety improvement is the organizational goal with eagerness to escalate the safety level step by step all the time

Staff is committed to develop and embed a safety culture in all activities and decisions that recognizes the importance and value of effective safety management and acknowledges that safety is paramount

Each individual adopts the attributes and follow the norms/principles of safety culture to maintain and enhance safety which will ultimately lead to ensure protection of public, worker and environment 16

Nuclear Security Culture

• Appropriate Nuclear Security Culture ensures that the implementation of nuclear security measures receive the attention warranted by their significance

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Role of PNRA in promoting Safety and Security Culture

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Safety Culture Security Culture

Training Courses

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Nuclear Safety & Security Inspections

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Public Awareness Program

• Lectures delivered at different Universities• Participation of public sector organizations in

different lectures and seminars e.g. FBR, MoFA, SPD etc.

• Yearly meeting with govt. organizations specially with different regulators of country e.g. PEMRA, NEPRA, OGRA etc.

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International Seminar on Nuclear Safety and Security Challenges of 21st

Century

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The seminar aimed to provide an opportunity to review the existing practices, identify strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement for safe and secure use of nuclear technology in the country.

Present Activities

Effective integration of various stakeholders for achieving a common goal (PNRA, PAEC, SPD, MoFA, Licensee….)

Establishment of a sustain able system for education and training

Capacity building through education, training and awareness of:

Users of Nuclear/ Radiation facilities and their Security staff Managers/ Policy makers/ Targeted public groups

Provision of latest equipment/ software

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Present Activities

Enhancement of nuclear safety/ security culture at all level and assessment through PNRA inspections

Exchange of best practices during inspections

Provision of radiation detection equipment at national borders/ ports for combating Illicit Trafficking

Periodic survey of scrap metal facilities to ensure the provision of clean metal to the nation

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Challenges

A sustainable system for education & training and awareness

Media management during public awareness campaigns

An effective coordination of all agencies/ stakeholders

Handling the lack of reporting culture

Considering human factors for enhancement of safety and security culture.

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If it matters, it should not happen;

If it happens, it should not matter

Conclusion