NutritionNutrition

ProStart 1ProStart 1

Chapter 6Chapter 6

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

Why should we worry about a Why should we worry about a healthy diet?healthy diet?

How can what you eat and drink How can what you eat and drink affect your overall health?affect your overall health?

How can you tell if what you are How can you tell if what you are eating is healthy?eating is healthy?

After Chapter 6 you should be able After Chapter 6 you should be able to…to…

Characterize the role of a carbohydrate, Characterize the role of a carbohydrate, hormone, fiber, starch, fat, protein, water, hormone, fiber, starch, fat, protein, water, nutrients and minerals and identify food that nutrients and minerals and identify food that contains thesecontains these

Describe cholesterol and name different foods Describe cholesterol and name different foods that have cholesterolthat have cholesterol

Differentiate between complete and Differentiate between complete and incomplete proteinsincomplete proteins

Use and identify RDA and food pyramid plansUse and identify RDA and food pyramid plans Describe a healthy diet and interpret a food Describe a healthy diet and interpret a food

labellabel Design ways to make recipes healthierDesign ways to make recipes healthier

Nutrition is..Nutrition is..

The study of foods, their nutrients The study of foods, their nutrients and other chemical components, and and other chemical components, and the effects of food components on the effects of food components on health. health.

It is a SCIENCE that is It is a SCIENCE that is interdisciplinary, meaning it overlaps interdisciplinary, meaning it overlaps with other sciences…like what?with other sciences…like what?

NutritionNutrition

Nutrients are chemicals in food that Nutrients are chemicals in food that the body needs to work properly.the body needs to work properly.

Provide energyProvide energy Build and repair cellsBuild and repair cells Keep systems in the body working Keep systems in the body working

properly…which body systems? properly…which body systems? Remember….interdisciplinaryRemember….interdisciplinary

Six Main Groups of NutrientsSix Main Groups of Nutrients

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates FatsFats ProteinsProteins VitaminsVitamins MineralsMinerals WaterWater Synergy…..what?Synergy…..what?

Diet and malnutritionDiet and malnutrition

What is a diet? What is a diet? The food that you eatThe food that you eat

What is malnutrition?What is malnutrition? Not eating the right amount of the Not eating the right amount of the

nutrients that you neednutrients that you need

Macro/MicroMacro/Micro

Macro – Large job – Fuel – give energyMacro – Large job – Fuel – give energy

Carbs, Fats, ProteinsCarbs, Fats, Proteins Micro – Small amounts – vitamins and Micro – Small amounts – vitamins and

mineralsminerals What are the consequences of if we What are the consequences of if we

get too much of these?get too much of these? Obesity, heart disease, Type 2 Obesity, heart disease, Type 2

diabetes, stress on jointsdiabetes, stress on joints

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Provide energy – help body use Provide energy – help body use protein and fat efficientlyprotein and fat efficiently

Two types: simple and complexTwo types: simple and complex Simple – sugars (glucose) found Simple – sugars (glucose) found

naturally (fruit, vegetables, milk, honey) naturally (fruit, vegetables, milk, honey) Insulin allows the glucose to travel through Insulin allows the glucose to travel through

the body to use up the energythe body to use up the energy If you do not have enough insulin production If you do not have enough insulin production

and blood sugar levels can lead to and blood sugar levels can lead to symptoms of diabetessymptoms of diabetes

Carbs - continuedCarbs - continued

Complex – two typesComplex – two types Starch – potatoes, corn, rice, pasta, dry Starch – potatoes, corn, rice, pasta, dry

beans and peas; breads, cereals – all beans and peas; breads, cereals – all necessary for good healthnecessary for good health

Fiber – found only in plants; cannot be Fiber – found only in plants; cannot be broken down and is not absorbed in the broken down and is not absorbed in the intestines. High fiber foods include intestines. High fiber foods include bran, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and bran, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains…all essential for good whole grains…all essential for good health and nutrition.health and nutrition.

Proteins Proteins

Build and repair cellsBuild and repair cells Made of 22 building blocks called Made of 22 building blocks called

amino acids – 13 our bodies make, amino acids – 13 our bodies make, the other 9 we get from foodsthe other 9 we get from foods

About 1/5 of body total weight is About 1/5 of body total weight is protein (skin, muscles, hair, nails)protein (skin, muscles, hair, nails)

FatsFats Good fats, bad fatsGood fats, bad fats Fats solid at room tempFats solid at room temp Oils liquid at room tempOils liquid at room temp Essential nutrient that supplies chemicals Essential nutrient that supplies chemicals

called essential fatty acids for healthy called essential fatty acids for healthy skin, cells, and bodily functionsskin, cells, and bodily functions

3 types – saturated, monounsaturated, 3 types – saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated – pg 258polyunsaturated – pg 258

Cholesterol – white waxy substance that Cholesterol – white waxy substance that helps carry out body functions – little OK, helps carry out body functions – little OK, too much linked with heart diseasetoo much linked with heart disease

VitaminsVitamins

Mixtures of chemicals in foodMixtures of chemicals in food Help carbs, fats, and mineral do their Help carbs, fats, and mineral do their

jobjob Two typesTwo types

Fat soluble – (Vit A, D, E and K)Fat soluble – (Vit A, D, E and K) Water soluble (Vit C and B)Water soluble (Vit C and B)

MineralsMinerals

TraceTrace Remember Chemistry elements?Remember Chemistry elements? Na, Mg, P, K, CaNa, Mg, P, K, Ca EssentialEssential

WaterWater

Essential for human lifeEssential for human life ½ body ½ body Live only a few days with no waterLive only a few days with no water Have you every been dehydrated?Have you every been dehydrated? Water from food sources – like what?Water from food sources – like what?