OBJECTIVE: How was America changed by WWI?

19.3 THE WAR AT HOME

CONTEXTThe US has been opposed to joining the war

Very quickly, the US must change gears, economically and psychologically

US must supply itself AND THE ALLIES

Everyone must pitch in

New Opportunities open for women and minorities

How America changed

Politically?

Economically?

Socially?

Why do you think civil liberties were so easily violated by the people and

government of the US during WWI?

War Industries BoardMain regulatory body of the economy

Reorganized and led by Bernard M. Baruch

Encouraged efficiency and set wholesale prices

Retail prices began to skyrocket and companies profited greatly

Selling the WarU.S. spent $33

billion on the war effort

1/3 of this was brought in through taxes

Much of the rest of the money was gathered through the purchase of “Liberty Bonds”

Committee on Public InformationPropaganda agency to excite the public for

the warHeaded up by George Creel

Recruited more than 75,000 men to act as “Four Minute Men”.They would deliver a speech anywhere,

anytime, about everything relating to the war

Distributed more than 60 million pamphlets, booklets, and leaflets – many with the help of the Boy Scouts

Leslie's Illustrated News cover from September 29, 1917, "Be Patriotic sign your country's pledge to save the food" A patriotic wartime poster. (Picture Research Consultants & Archives)

Leslie's Illustrated News cover from September 29, 1917, "Be Patriotic sign your country's pledge to save the food"

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

WWI poster: "Sow the Seeds of Victory"In 1918, this poster by James Montgomery Flagg appealed to American women to contribute to victory by conserving food through raising and preserving food for their families. The woman is shown sowing seeds (in the way that grain was planted before the development of agricultural machinery for that task), garbed in a dress made from an American flag, and wearing a red Liberty cap, a symbol that originated in the French Revolution. (Ohio Historical Society)

WWI poster: "Sow the Seeds of Victory"

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Schenk v. US: “A Clear and present Danger”

Evidence held sufficient to connect the defendants with the mailing of printed circulars in pursuance of a conspiracy to obstruct the recruiting and enlistment service, contrary to the Espionage Act of June 15, 1917.

Incriminating document seized under a search warrant directed against a Socialist headquarters, held admissible in evidence, consistently with the Fourth and Fifth Amendment, in a criminal prosecution against the general secretary of a Socialist party, who had charge of the office.

Words which, ordinarily and in many places, would be within the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment may become subject to prohibition when of such a nature and used in such circumstances a to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils which Congress has a right to prevent. The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. P. 51.

Draft = involuntary servitude in violation of the 13th amendment

SOCIAL CHANGE DURING WWI

WEB Du Bois urges support of war effort

Great Black MigrationEFFECTS: Change composition of Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis,

New York, PhillyRace Riots

CAUSES:Escape from Jim Crow SouthPoor cotton harvests of 1916Ford Motor Comp. Hired African-AmericansNorthern manufacturers’ “recruiters”

http://www.journaltimes.com/migration/images/fsa1.jpg

THE GREAT MIGRATION

African American family just arrived in Chicago, 1912Labor shortages and high wages drew African Americans from the south to the north. This family, including members of three generations, posed for a photographer upon their arrival in Chicago from the south, as part of the Great Migration during World War I. (Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library)

African American family just arrived in Chicago, 1912

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

SOCIAL CHANGE DURING WWI

Women enter the workforceWomen enlist in armed forces 19th Amendment (1920) –

WOMEN GET RIGHT TO VOTE

http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/images/wmw1.gif

Poster: "Stenographers We Need You"Many government agencies used posters to appeal to the American people for help in winning the war. This one, from the U.S. Employment Service, encouraged women to enter the work force. (National Archives)

Poster: "Stenographers We Need You"

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OF 1918

Also known as “Spanish Flu”

Global flu25% of population sick500,000 Americans

killed40 million+ killed

worldwide

http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/collections/archives/agalleries/1918flu/1918flu.html

TERMSWar Industries Board

Bernard M. Baruch

George Creel

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Great Migration

OBJECTIVE:

How was America changed by WWI?