ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

Objective

To name body system and functions Identify body cavities List the divisions of the back and

analyze new term related to organs and tissue.

BODY SYSTEMS

The body is composed of1. Cells e.g muscle, nerve, skin2. Tissues e.g muscle tissue, epethalial

tissue3. Organ e.g stomach4. Systems e.g digestive tract

There are 11 systems of the body,1. Circulatory system2. Lymphatic system3. Digestive system4. Endocrine system5. Female and male reproductive

system6. Musculoskeletal system7. Nervous system8. Respiratory system9. Skin and sense organ system10.Urinary system

Circulatory system

Definition: Circulation is the movement of substances like nutrients and gases within blood vessels and cavities throughout the organism.

Circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessles such as arteries, veins, and capillary.

The circulatory system is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids, electrolytes and lymph), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.

Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is the part of the immune system comprising a network of conduits called lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin lympha "water") unidirectionally toward the heart.

Lymph contains white blood cells called lymphocytes that fight against disease and play an important role in immunity.

Digestive system

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones.

food that cannot be broken down is removed from the body at the end of the system.

example of organ: esophagus, colon

Endocrine system

The endocrine system acts with nervous system to coordinate the body's activities.

Both systems enable cells to communicate with others by using chemical messengers.

The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body.

Example: pituitary gland, ovaries

Female and male reproductive system The reproductive system or genital

system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.

The major organs of the human reproductive system include the external genitalia (penis and vulva) as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads (testicles and ovaries).

E.g: uterus, ovaries, prostate gland

Musculoskeletal system

the system of muscles and tendons and ligaments and bones and joints and associated tissues that move the body and maintain its form body, organic structure, physical structure - the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being);

e.g: vertebrae, coccyx

Nervous system

The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body.

It carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord

E.g spinal cord, cerebrum

Respiratory system

In humans and other animals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood.

E.g larynz, trachea, lungs, pharynx, bronchial tubes

Skin and sence organ system A structure which is a receptor for

external or internal stimulation. A sense organ is often referred to as a receptor organ.

It includes the skin, eyes, ears etc

Urinary system

The urinary system (also called the excretory system) is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and two sphincter muscles.

E.g ureters, urethra and kidneys

Body cavities

A body cavity is a space that contains organs.

There are 5 cavities in the bodya) Cranial cavityb) Thoracic cavity (chest cavity)c) Abdominal cavity-space below the

thoracic cavityd) Pelvic cavitye) Spinal cavity

The thoracic cavity

Abdominal cavity

Is the space below the thoracic cavity.

Made up of the following:Diaphragm Peritoneum helps attaches

abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles to hold it to place

Abdominal Organs includes stomach, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines.

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

It contains the following organsUrinary bladderUretersUrethraRectum and anusUterus in females

Divisions of the back

The spinal column is a long row of bones (vertebra) from the neck to the tailbone otherwise.

A connective tissue called a disk lies between each backbone.

Made of 33 backbone

Planes of the body

The body can be viewed in different planes

1. Frontal (coronal) plane: divides the body into front and back or anterior and posterior portion.

2. Sagital (lateral) plane: divides the body vertically into right and left halves.

3. Transverse (axial) plane: a horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions.

Combining wordsCombining forms meaning

Abdomin/o

Cervic/o

Crani/o

Coccyg/o

Chondr/o

Pleur/o

Spin/o

Sacr/o

Poster/o

Mediastin/o

Lumb/o

Combining wordsCombining forms meaning

Abdomin/o abdomen

Cervic/o Neck of the body/neck of uterus

Crani/o skull

Coccyg/o Coccyx,tailbone

Chondr/o cartilage

Pleur/o pleura

Spin/o spine

Sacr/o sacrum

Poster/o Back,behind

Mediastin/o mediastinum

Lumb/o loin