ocular injuries- an introduction & nomenclature 22.11.2013
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Ocular injuries- An introduction & nomenclature 22.11.2013. Ayesha S Abdullah. Learning outcomes . By the end of this lecture the students would be able to Describe the epidemiology of ocular injuries - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
OCULAR INJURIES- An introduction & nomenclature22.11.2013
Ayesha S Abdullah
Learning outcomes By the end of this lecture the students
would be able to Describe the epidemiology of ocular
injuries Classify globe injuries according to the
Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) system of classification
Differentiate between OGI and CGI
How common is it? Trauma is the commonest cause of
ocular emergencies reported in trauma centres
A total of 1.6 million cases of blindness are caused by eye injures
Some 2.3 million cases with low vision are due to ocular injuries
Some 19 million cases of mono ocular blindness are due to eye injuries
Risk factors Gender , any guess? 3:1 male to female ratio Rural areas Compromised socioeconomic status Illiteracy Conflicts
Classification According to vector (The Agent) According to settings (Place of injury) According to pathology (Effects produced) According to anatomical structures
involved According to severity (Damage produced)
According to the site involved Orbital trauma Superficial & corneal foreign bodies Lid injuries Globe injuries
Nature of injurious agent
Mechanical Injuries
Chemical Injuries Acid AlkaliOthers
Radiation Injuries
Thermal Injuries
Electrical Injuries
Place of Injury
Home School Playground Agriculture Industry Laboratory Workshops Assault/ combat
Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS)
Trauma to the
Globe
http://www.asotonline.org/bett.html
Definitions -BETTS Closed Injury in which cornea & sclera are intact but there is intraocular damage. Open Injury is associated with full-thickness wound of cornea or sclera or both. Rupture is a full-thickness wound caused by blunt trauma Laceration is full-thickness injury caused by a sharp
object Penetration is caused by a single laceration with a
sharp object Perforation consists of two lacerations, one entry and
one exit
http://www.asotonline.org/bett.html http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/961/basics/classification.html
Orbital trauma Blow out floor fracture, medial wall, floor,
roof Contusion injury Lacerations Orbital haematoma
Eye Lids Contusion Hematoma Lacerations
Beware of the blood
loss especially in children
Late Complications
Effects of close globe injury (CGI) Mechanism
AP compression Expansion in the equatorial plan Transient & excessive increase in IOP Impact is primarily absorbed by ??
Lens –Iris diaphragm & vitreous The damage can happen in any tissue commonly has long-term effects/ sequelae
Close Globe Injuries
Subconjunctival Haemorrhage Corneal abrasion Acute corneal oedema Traumatic iritis Traumatic Mydriasis / Miosis Hyphaema Iridodialysis Cyclodialysis / Angle recession Ciliary shock
Close Globe Injuries
Subluxation and dislocation of lens Cataract Posterior vitreous detachemet Vitreous haemorrhage Choroidal rupture Commotio retinae Retinal Breaks
Dialysis Equatorial tears Macular holes
Optic nerve avulsion
Home workList three recommendations for the
following Primary Secondary Tertiary prevention of ocular traumaThree power point slides with three points
on each slide send [email protected] with your
name and role number