open access publishing: from commons to community
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MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Matthew K. GoldNYC College of Technology & CUNY Graduate Center
mkgold.net @mkgold
OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
CC-licensed untitled photo from nicepix25216: http://www.flickr.com/photos/24343741@N06/5712547947/28 October 2011
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Open Access Knowledge Commons
From Commons to Community
Case Study: Debates in the Digital Humanities
Prospective Design Principles for Social Repositories
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Open Access Knowledge Commons
From Commons to Community
Case Study: Debates in the Digital Humanities
Prospective Design Principles for Social Repositories
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
a shared resource
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Land-Based Commons
Natural resource -- plot of land
CC-licensed photo: “Cow in Niederbauen” http://www.flickr.com/photos/akane86/182443256//
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
3 Phases of English Common Land Tenure
1. Saxon Age before Norman conquestmost village lands held and worked in common.
2. After Norman conquestvillage lands belong to local manor, rights of the common granted on condition of fealty to manor lord
3. Age of enclosure - early 18th century - end of 19th centurycommon land divided up, fenced, converted to private property in modern sense.
(Source: Louise Hyde, Common as Air)
Friday, October 28, 11source: Lewis Hyde, Common as Air
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Knowledge as a Commons
Friday, October 28, 11new types of knowledge commons -- esp. law (intellectual property) and scholarly resources. Increasingly, scholarly communications.
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Libertarian vs. Associational Commons
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
CUNY
CUNY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Open Access Knowledge Commons
From Commons to Community
Case Study: Debates in the Digital Humanities
Prospective Design Principles for Social Repositories
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
2011 vs. 2007
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Thing-BasedRepositories
2007
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MATTHEW K. GOLD / THE UNIVERSITY AND THE COMMONS
photo by FredR http://www.flickr.com/photos/fredr/262344284/
THE INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORYFriday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
social networks
middle-state publishing
emphasis on process
2011
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
“The common is not to be construed, therefore, as a particular kind of thing, asset or even social process, but as an unstable and malleable social relation between a particular self-defined social group and those aspects of its actually existing or yet-to-be-created social and/or physical environment deemed crucial to its life and livelihood. There is, in effect, a social practice of commoning.” -- David Harvey
Friday, October 28, 11“The common is not to be construed, therefore, as a particular kind of thing, asset or even social process, but as an unstable and malleable social relation between a particular self-defined social group and those aspects of its actually existing or yet-to-be-created social and/or physical environment deemed crucial to its life and livelihood. There is, in effect, a social practice of commoning. This practice produces or establishes a social relation with a common whose uses are either exclusive to a social group or partially or fully open to all and sundry. At the heart of the practice of commoning lies the principle that the relation between the social group and that aspect of the environment being treated as a common shall be both collective and non-commodified - off limits to the logic of market exchange and market valuations.” (Emph added)
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
a shared space for creating
resources with a community
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
a dynamic space for sharing and creating resources with (and within) a community
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
“the process of creating public knowledge [is] an additional good,because such work builds social capital, strengthens communities, and gives people skills that they need for effective citizenship.”-- Peter Levine
Friday, October 28, 11“For the most part, the other chapters of this book treat knowledge as a good. The authors advocate better ways to create, disseminate, preserve, and organize knowledge as a common resource. While I certainly share the goals of those chapters, the focus here is somewhat different. I take the process of creating public knowledge as an additional good,because such work builds social capital, strengthens communities, and gives people skills that they need for effective citizenship. If this is correct, then we should aim to include as many people as possible in the collaborative creation of “free” (i.e., open-access) knowledge. Not only scholars and librarians, but ordinary people should be knowledge creators.” -- Peter Levine
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
CUNY PIE
DiFara’s!DiFara’s!
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
“the cornucopia of the commons”: more value is created as more people use the resource and join the social community. The operative principle is “the more, the merrier.”
Friday, October 28, 11Indeed, many information commons exemplify what some commentatorshave called “the cornucopia of the commons,” in which morevalue is created as more people use the resource and join the social community.12 The operative principle is “the more, the merrier.”
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Open Access Knowledge Commons
From Commons to Community
Case Study: Debates in the Digital Humanities
Prospective Design Principles for Social Repositories
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
The Open Access Knowledge Commons
From Commons to Community
Case Study: Debates in the Digital Humanities
Challenges, Possibilities, and Principles for Social Repositories
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Challenges
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
A GROUP OF SILOED REPOSITORIES
Challenges
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
INTERACTION FATIGUE
Challenges
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
PROPRIETARY PLATFORMS
Challenges
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Challenges
SECONDARY ENCLOSURES, THREATS TO COLLABORATION:
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHT
“MONOPOLIES OF INVENTION”
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Possibilities
BUILD SOCIAL REPOSITORIES
Friday, October 28, 11cuny ac -- email stats. Siva.
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Possibilities
BUILD GENERATIVE SPACES
Friday, October 28, 11cuny ac -- email stats. Siva.
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
“Generativity is a system’s capacity to produce unanticipated change through unfiltered contributions from broad and varied audiences. . . . Generativity pairs an input consisting of unfiltered contributions from diverse people and groups, who may or may not be working in concert, with the output of unanticipated change.”
– Jonathan Zittrain, The Future of the Internet - And How to Stop It (2008)
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Build generative commons spacesthat talk to one another
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Federated models
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MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Open APIs
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MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Linked Data
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Possibilities
OUR COMMUNITIES
ARE OUR RESOURCES
Friday, October 28, 11cuny ac -- email stats. Siva.
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
a shared space for creating
resources with a community
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
What is a commons?
Not (just) the park, but the
human microphone
Friday, October 28, 11
MATTHEW K. GOLD / OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
Matthew K. GoldNYC College of Technology & CUNY Graduate Center
mkgold.net @mkgold
OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: FROM COMMONS TO COMMUNITY
CC-licensed untitled photo from nicepix25216: http://www.flickr.com/photos/24343741@N06/5712547947/28 October 2011
Friday, October 28, 11