Operational and Information systemAnd

Failures of past DSS

Presented By

Neha (007) Ashu (015) Anuradha (025) Himani (048)

Scope

•Operational system

•Informational System

•Difference between Operational system and Informational System

•Decision support system

•Failures of past DSS

OPERATIONAL SYSTEM•Used to process the day-to-day transactions of an organization.

•Operational databases are normally "relational" - not "dimensional". 

Designed for operational, data entry purposesAre not well suited for online queries and analytics.

•Need to integrate operational data from external organizations.

•The challenge for data warehousingQuickly consolidate, cleanse and integrate data.

ETL Process

• ETL Technology is an important component of the Data Warehousing Architecture. 

• The ETL software extracts data, transforms values of inconsistent data, filters data and loads data into a target database. 

• The scheduling of ETL jobs is critical. 

DW Staging Area•Temporary location where data from source systems is copied. 

•Mainly required for timing reasons.

•Not feasible to extract all the data from all Operational databases at exactly the same time. 

•For example Sales data on a daily basisFor financial data requires a month-end

reconciliation process. 

•Not all business require a Data Warehouse Staging Area. 

Data Mart•Use by groups of decision makers in the organizations. 

•Data marts can be dimensional or relational.

•Each Data Mart can contain different combinations of tables, columns and rows from the Enterprise Data Warehouse. 

•For example The Personnel Department might need to see all

details about employees, whereas data such as "salary" or "home address" might not be appropriate for a Data Mart that focuses on Sales.

•Some Data Mart need to be refreshed daily, whereas user might want refreshes only monthly

INFORMATION SYSTEM• An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that are designed to generate information that supports the day-to-day, short-range, and long-range activities of users in an organization.  

•An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people's activities that support operations, management and decision making.

COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

Personnel - which consists of IT specialists

Hardware - which consists of all the physical aspects of an IS Software - which consists of System Software, Application Software and Utility Software

Networks - which consists of communication media and network support

Data - which consists of all the knowledge and databases in the IS

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. Office Information Systems

 An office information system, or OIS (pronounced oh-eye-ess), is an information system that uses hardware, software and networks to enhance work flow and facilitate communications among employees.

2. Transaction Processing Systems A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data generated during an organization’s day-to-day transactions.  A transaction is a business activity such as a deposit, payment, order or reservation.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM (CONTD.)

3. Management Information Systems

  A management information system, or MIS is an information system that generates accurate, timely and organized information so managers and other users can make decisions, solve problems, supervise activities, and track progress.

4. Decision Support Systems A decision support system (DSS) is an information system designed to help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation arises.

5. Expert Systems An expert system  is an information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision-making processes for those who have less expertise.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPERATIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM

•Operational system basically records the day-to day transaction of the organization while Informational system is used to make long term, directional decisions.

•In operational system , there is no particular hierarchy of the types of operational system but information system is a pyramid of systems that reflected the hierarchy of the organization.

•An operational system is a term used in data warehousing while the information systems is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software.

•The operational system contains detailed data, almost exclusively while informational system contains a mixture of both detailed data and summary data.

•Operational system data is typically available across a wide network , available to many people who may need access to the data while the informational system data is typically privately held and is available to only a few people

•The operational system contains transactions that are small , use few resources while the informational system transactions are large and use many resources.

•Types of OS are – Batch processing, operating system, real time operating system, multiuser operating system etc while types of IS are – TPS

MIS, DSS etc

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

•A decision support system (DSS) is a computer-based information system that supports business or organizational decision support activities.

•Decision support systems can be either fully computerized , human or a combination of both.

FAILURES OF DSS•Technological knowledge of users is

requiredEspecially for small business firms

•Hard to Quantify FactorsFor example, future interest rates, new

legislation or product shelf life

•Hard to collect all of related dataSome data are not recorded correctlySome data cannot be recorded

•Processing Model Limitations and Assumptions

Not fully aware of the limitations or assumptions

•System design failuresEach individual users has different problems

•Organization ResistanceResistance to new technologyFear of learning new system

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