orbitals and electron configuration...
TRANSCRIPT
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
1
February 04, 2019
Feb 311:46 AM
Warm Up:
1) What element has the electron configuration below?
1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
2) Write the electron configuration for Ar, Ca, and Br
Jan 86:56 PM
Sometimes it is useful to do an abbreviated form to represent the electron configuration of an element with many electrons...example titanium.
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
2
February 04, 2019
Feb 311:31 AM
Jan 87:23 PM
EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE! Chromium and Copper!Chromium = [Ar]3d54s1 instead of [Ar]3d44s2
Copper = [Ar]3d104s1 instead of [Ar]3d94s2
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
3
February 04, 2019
Jan 1110:43 AM
NOBLE GASES the electron configuration for noble gases will always have a COMPLETELY FILLED S and P sublevel for the highest energy level in their electron configuration.
Helium is the exception...it has no p orbital.
Jan 1110:46 AM
These sorts of patterns can be seen in ANY VERTICAL COLUMN in the periodic table. For the HALOGENS in group 7A
These electrons are called VALENCE ELECTRONS, and they are what give elements in vertical columns similar properties!
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
4
February 04, 2019
Jan 111:05 PM
Valence electrons are the electrons that are found in the HIGHEST ENERGY LEVEL, n, of a particular atom. It is these valence electrons that determine what kinds of compounds different elements form.
Chlorine 17 electrons [Ne]3s23p5
Bromine 35 electrons [Ar]3d104s24p5
Sodium 11 electrons [Ne]3s1
Potassium 19 electrons [Ar]4s1
Jan 111:24 PM
The number of valence electrons is consistent within a vertical column or GROUP of the periodic table.
The orange transition metal elements are trickier to predict, since the s and d orbitals are typically very close in energy. A combination of electrons from either the ns and the (n1)d orbital (example 4s and 3d in row 4) could be considered valence electrons
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
5
February 04, 2019
Jan 1111:24 AM
RECALL:
To form a positive ion, an atom must GIVE AWAY an electron
To form a negative ion, an atom must ACCEPT an electron
Electron configuration can help us predict which elements like giving electrons away, and which do not.
THE GOAL OF ALL ATOMS IS TO HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AS A NOBLE GAS! (ISOELECTRONIC)
Jan 111:53 PM
Let's look at lithium...3 electrons.
1s22s1
The noble gases surrounding Li are He (just before it in the table) and Ne (comes 7 elements after it)
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
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February 04, 2019
Jan 111:41 PM
How can lithium become like either He or Ne?
1s22s11s 2s 2p
If 2s and 2p were completely full, [Ne]
If only 1s were full, [He]
To get here, Li must give away 1 electron
To get here, Li must find 7 electrons to fill the 2s and 2p orbitals
WHAT SOUNDS EASIER TO YOU????
Jan 112:00 PM
Let's try another what ion will sulfur most likely form? 16 electrons.
Orbitals and Electron Configuration Review.notebook
7
February 04, 2019
Jan 112:01 PM
Simply put if an ion has a + charge, remove the same number of electrons from it as its charge
Al3+ remove 3 electrons from the electron configuration of Al
If an ion has a charge, add the same number of electrons to it as its charge
Cl add one electron to the electron configuration of Cl
Jan 112:02 PM
For transition metals, remove electrons from the 4s orbital BEFORE the 3d orbital...
Cr3+ would be...
Fe3+ would be...