organic+mango+gap

ORGANIC MANGO GAP(Adapted to Natural Organic and Biological Farming System)

CODE of GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES for MANGO (Natural Organic and Biological Farming System)

Introduction

The Department of Agriculture (DA) approved the Administrative Order No. 25 series of 2005 on the Certification of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Fruits and Vegetables Farming. This regulation is the Department’s response to the “farm-to fork” principle of ensuring food safety being promoted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The goal/objective of the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Certification Program is to provide fresh and safe agricultural food products for the consumers. It focuses on the reduction of risks from pathogens, heavy metals and pesticide contamination. Additional benefits of the program are to ensure worker health and safety, and protection of the environment.

Although the Code for GAP is generic and has a wide application, the industry-led National Mango Action Team (NMAT) deemed it necessary that a specific GAP Manual for mango production be adopted and implemented by the Department considering its high domestic consumption and significant export potential.

In response, the Department created a Technical Working Group (TWG) composed of experts from the concerned government agencies namely, Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI), Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA),

Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards (BAFPS), National Crop Protection Center of the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños (NCPC-UPLB) and industry representatives from NMAT and CropLife Philippines Incorporated. The TWG was tasked to draft the Philippine National Standard (PNS) – Code of GAP for Mango which will then be presented to the stakeholders through public consultative meetings.

This Code of GAP for Mango lists down the practices for pre and post-production of safe and high quality mangoes intended for both domestic and export markets. It provides common understanding on farm location, farm structure and maintenance, cultural and farm management, integrated pest management (IPM), and pesticide management geared towards GAP compliance. This PNS – Code of GAP for Mango is applicable for both small and large-scale farms. FARM LOCATION

1. The prior land use of the farm, the current use and activities of neighboring farms or lands should be evaluated for possible sources of chemical, biological or physical contaminants. It should not be a source of contamination (e.g. former mining site or dumpsite).

2. If deemed necessary, the soil should be analyzed for possible heavy metal contamination. Records of heavy metal analyses from government accredited/recognized laboratories must be kept and made available when required. Moreover, upon the remediation of the soil for cultivation, soil samples should be re-analyzed for heavy metal contamination.

3. Where a significant risk of a chemical, biological or physical hazard is present, remedial measures must be taken and records of such activities are recorded.

4. The area should preferably be rich in organic matter and suitable for mango production. The following may be used as guide for the assessment of suitability of the land for mango production:

a. SOIL CHARACTERISTICS: good drainage; pH of 5.5 – 6.5; flat to slightly rolling terrain

b. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: distinct wet and dry season, with at least four (4) months dry period; temperature between 22-34°C; areas of strong winds or frequently visited by typhoons should be avoided

c. ELEVATION: a 400m elevation is recommended but the area should not be higher than 600 meters above sea level;

5. A farm topography map should be made available showing the location of crop production sites, windbreakers, water resources, irrigation lines, drainage canals and outlets, roads, buildings, storage facilities and other farm structures.

6. The Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Geographic Information System (GIS)-based maps for mango can also be used as guide as to where to plant mangoes.

7. In highly sloping areas which are prone to soil erosion, environmental impact assessment is recommended. II. FARM STRUCTURE AND MAINTENANCE

1. If applicable, farm boundaries should be enclosed and demarcated by a fence, and the entrance and exit to the farm should have gates.

2. Designated areas or facilities for the working shed of workers and separate sheds for farm implements and equipment should be available. Sheds for farm workers must be provided with comfort rooms and situated far from the

production, harvesting and packing areas to prevent contamination.

3. Toilet provided for the farm workers must be properly maintained. These should not be close to water sources or in places where rain can wash out contaminants or cause spills.

4. Storage and packing areas must be kept clean and tidy. Litter and waste materials must be removed immediately from the crop production area. Effective measures must be taken to dispense of the trash or waste material on the farm.

5. Irrigation system should be clean and well-maintained to provide effective delivery of clean water, prevent blockage and backflow.

6. All equipment associated with cultivation, harvesting and storage of mangoes should be clean and maintained at optimum operating conditions.

7. Adequate areas for waste collection measures and storage for biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should be provided. Non biodegradable wastes should be separated from biodegradable waste materials.

8. Domestic and farm animals should be excluded from the production site and packing shed during harvesting season. Farm animals during fruiting season should be confined. Dogs in kennels or leash may be allowed for security reasons. (This may be difficult to do for ordinary farms, but for Organic Farm Certification, contamination of mango fruits should be avoided.)

9. When pest control measures such as baits, traps and vermin control are used, the location, date of application and a trained person assigned for the maintenance should be properly recorded.

10. For traceability, an identification number/code for blocks or areas, including the assigned harvester or care-taker should be done. III. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT

A. QUALITY PLANTING MATERIALS

1. For the establishment of new farms, it is recommended that cultivars be chosen based on the resistance to pest, suitability to the site, yield potential and market preference.

2. The following are the recommended strains of Carabao mango approved by the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC):

GES 73 GES 77 GES 84 GES 85 Talaban Fresco Tanaleon Guimaras Super (Galila) Efondo Lamao Strain No. 1 MMSU Gold Sweet Elena(Other un named local selection of the Carabao Mango variety with exceptional quality and feature may later be identified and registered for mass propagation.)

3. A record of the source of the planting materials, the number and date of purchase must be kept in the farm. (In cases where the trees are not properly identified, Mapping the farm with the location of every tree should be made, assign a number, and make short description of every tree and production record.)

4. The suggested minimum age of the planting material should preferably be one (1) year old or at least 1m high. (For direct field seed planting, field grafting is done when the plant reaches one (1) meter high. They should be recorded and the source of scion or mother tree indicated, identified and described.)

B. LAND PREPARATION

1. For flat to rolling areas not previously planted with agricultural crops, the land is prepared by plowing at least once and harrowing twice. For steeper areas, practice minimum tillage by clearing about 2sq.m. for each plant and digging a hole of at least 1/3 to 1 cubic m. (Refill the hole with rich top soil and fully decomposed organic compost with guano, organic charcoal or carbonized rice hull and ash at a ratio of 3 parts top soil and 1 part organic compost with minerals)

2. Land preparation is best done before the onset of the rainy season. For areas with hard pan, deep plowing is done. (When the hard pan is deeper, it is best to dig one cubic meter and replace the soil with rich organic top soil mixed with fully decompose organic materials, compost, animal waste or organic fertilizer at 1 part organic and 3 parts top soil.)

3. For flat land with poor drainage, provide a deep drainage canal 1.5 to 2,0 meters deep at strategic location of the field to drain out excess water. For swampy lands, deep canals 3+ meters deep and elevated wide dikes are made where the trees are planted on the dikes at 20 meters apart.

C. DESIGN AND DISTANCE OF PLANTING

1. The field lay-out of a mango farm is highly dependent on the topography of the area.

2. For flat to slightly rolling areas, the ideal lay-out should follow an east-west orientation to maximize exposure of trees to sunlight.

3. In highly sloping areas, contour planting is recommended.

4. The recommended planting distance for Carabao mango ranges from 15mx15m (44 trees per hectare) to 20mx20m (25 trees per hectare).

5. The planting design for mangoes may either be square or quincunx. In the latter, a tree is planted in each corner of the square and an additional tree in the center. In the former, one tree is planted in each corner of the square.

6. Avoid planting mango trees less than 12mx12m apart (for the Philippine Carabao Mango variety because by nature this is a big tree that can grow 30 meters high and 30 meter radius.). This promotes overlapping of canopies and mutual shading, conducive to the development of pests and diseases and affect yield and quality.

D. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG TREES

Early Pruning

1. Formative pruning is done to reduce the height of trees. This is usually done about 3 months. When the tree is about 1 to 2 meters tall, the terminal portions are cut/pinched to encourage lateral branching. (For commercial orchard, it will be better to have 2 meters high trunk before branching to allow easier field operation, cultivation, weeding, clearing and to allow free flow of air under the trees for sanitation.)

2. Three (3) to four (4) branches are allowed to grow to 1m and then the second cutting or pruning of terminal portions is done until the branches are evenly distributed.

3. For established young trees where early pruning is not practiced, the tree is top-pruned to control the height and for proper development of lateral branching. This allows sunlight penetration, air circulation, and facilitates spraying, bagging and harvesting operations.

4. While a fully grown Philippine Carabao Mango may grow as big as 30 meters high and 30 meters radius, it will be more ideal to trim them at 8 meters high and 8 meters radius to allow at least 4 meters between crown of trees for Sunlight penetration, free movement of air and field operations.

5. Removal of dead, diseases, infested and damaged branches and those overlapping and crowing each others, preventing sunlight to penetrate. Shaded leaves do not function and manufacture food for lack of photosynthesis.

Fertilization

(Please note that Urea (46-0-0) is considered an organic fertilizer which has to undergo de-nitrification and food to microorganisms before it is absorbed and utilized by plants. Besides Organic material, we will also be using mineral fertilizers from natural sources as guano, agricultural lime, magnesium ore, wood ash, carbonized rice hull or charcoal as source of carbon, magnesium, phosphorous, potash and other trace mineral elements. Farmers can make their own organic fertilizers, compost, vermin-cast, fermented plant and animal extracts with molasses as liquid fertilizer for drench and foliar spray. HOC (Herbal Organic Concentrate) is one organic foliar fertilizer with multi function. Beneficial Microorganisms (BMO) are also good soil conditioners and enhance the organic based fertility that will support both growth and productivity of plants.)

1. Soil and tissue analyses are preferably carried out and used as bases for the amount, kind and timing of fertilizer application. Samples may be sent to the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) or to other government accredited or recognized laboratories. Results of such analyses should be kept.

2. In cases where no such analysis is carried out, the following are suggested:

Apply organic and mineral fertilizers after weeding before cultivation to incorporate and mix the fertilizer with the soil. 1st application – at the onset of the rainy season 2nd application – before the end of the rainy season, every 6 months preferably after harvest and 2 months before flower induction,(!st Month after Harvest 1st Fertilization – 6th Month 2nd Fertilization – 8th month Flower Induction – 12th Month Harvest)

1 year: Split application of 200g of organic fertilizer + 100g urea every 6 months. The fertilizer should be placed in the soil near the base of the plant.

2 Years: Split application of 500g organic fertilizer +200g urea. The fertilizer should be placed about 15cm away from the trunk.

3 Years: Split application of 1-2kg organic fertilizer + 300g Guano, agricultural lime and carbonized rice hull.The fertilizer should be placed about 1/3m away from the trunk.

4 Years: Split application of 2-3kg organic fertilizer + 400g guano, lime powder and carbonized rice hullThe fertilizer should be placed about 1/2m away from thetrunk.

5-6 Years – Apply 5-6 kilograms organic fertilizer + 500 grams urea + 1 kilo guano and carbonized rice hull.

7-8 Years – Apply 7-8 kilos organic fertilizer, 3-4 kilos agricultural lime, 2 kilos guano and 2 kilos carbonized rice hull.

9-10 Years – Apply 9-10 kilos organic fertilizer, 3 kilos guano, 3 kilos agricultural lime and 3 kilos carbonized rice hull.

11-15 Years – 11-15 kilos organic fertilizer, 3 kilos guano, 3 kilos lime, 3 kilos carbonized rice hull.

16-20 Years – 16-20 kilos organic fertilizer.

20 – up years old trees – Maintain 20-25 kilos organic fertilizer to maintain increasing productivity of the bigger trees.

Split fertilizer application every 6 months during weeding and cultivation. You may apply once yearly after every harvest of trees.

The fertilizer may be applied twice, one at the start of the rainy season and the remaining towards the end of the rainy season. It can be placed in a shallow canal or in 6-8 holes dug around the tree at a depth of 15-10 30cm and a distance of 1m and 1.5m radius from the trunk. This recommendation is applicable for 10-15 year old trees.

For big and old trees, apply the fertilizer following the drip line or edge of the canopy.

At 18-25 days after flower induction and before bagging, foliar fertilizer should be applied as supplement to the soil-applied fertilizer. The foliar fertilizer should have macro and micro nutrients such as zinc, boron, magnesium and calcium. Use HOC (Herbal Organic Concentrate) foliar spray.

A complete set of records of fertilizer applications must be kept. Information should include fertilizers used, rates

(amount/tree) and dates of application as well as the names of applicator/s.

Irrigation

1. MOISTURE: Irrigation is done by manual watering, sprinkler or drip method to keep the base of the plant moist at all times. This promotes rapid growth for bigger canopy or early maturity.

2. WATERING: During the dry season, water plants weekly. Saturate soil with enough water or use about 3-5L of water per tree.

3. MULCHING: To minimize evaporation, practice mulching using dry leaves or thick layer of rice hull (10-15cm) at the base of the mango tree. This prevents growth of weeds and serves as source of organic matter. Where there are no grasses or mulching materials, cultivate and break the soil surface up to 3 inches at the start of the dry season. The broken loose soil surface will serve as mulch and prevent the rapid evaporation of ground moisture. Shallow cultivation will also prun off the roots at the surface level of the soil which are susceptible to dehydration. So roots below 3 inches will withstand heat and dehydration, less stress to the tree during dry periods.

4. DRAINAGE: Canals may be constructed between rows of trees particularly in flat to slightly slopping areas. This may not be needed in sloping fields. However even on sloping area with sticky clay soils, water may accumulate after rain and cause root rots, so hill up the base and provide shallow drainage between rows of trees to drain out excess rain water.

Inter-cropping

1. The area between the rows of mango trees may be planted with vegetables or legumes best suited to the area and with high demands in the locality. In addition, fruit trees such as citrus, jackfruit, papaya, cashew, pineapple, or banana may be planted but these must be removed later when they interfere with the growth of mango.

2. Pests affecting these intercrops should likewise be managed properly as they may serve as alternate hosts of insects and diseases.

Weed Control

Weeds compete with mango for nutrients and water. To control weeds, the following are recommended:

a. Ring cultivation, about 1m radius from the trunkb. Inter-row cultivation (plow/tractor/grass cutter)c. Cover cropping with leguminous creeping vines like

Tropical Kudzu, Arakis pintoy and Centrocema. These can also be plowed under (green manure) to provide additional nutrients. Sweet potato vines may also be planted in between rows to replace weeds and grasses and serve as cash crop additional income of the farm.

d. Herbicides is not recommended for organic mango production as these chemicals contaminate the soil, kills the beneficial microorganisms and harm the roots of the trees. E. CULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF BEARING TREES

Pruning1. Pruning involves the removal of unnecessary branches such as water sprouts, dried, disease-infected branches and all branches that grow crowding the canopy.

2. To minimize pest infestation, open-center pruning for large trees should be practiced to allow sunlight to penetrate

the center branches and trunk where diseases infect and insect pest hibernate.

3. Drastic, radical pruning or top working is the removal of the total canopy or more than 30% of the canopy and is usually done to change the variety or to rejuvenate old trees.

4. Avoid excessive pruning of bearing trees as fruiting buds remove will reduce the productivity of the trees. Pruning should be for small trees and open center for large mature trees.

5. Pruning should be done during summer months, dry and warm days to dry and heal the cuts faster, preferably after harvest.

Flower Induction and Management

Flower Induction

1. Prior to spraying or smudging, the leaves of trees are checked for attributes of readiness to flower as follows:

a. The age of the leaves should be at least 7 months from flushing;

b. leaves are dark green, coppery and brittle; andc. buds are prominent and dormant.

2. Potassium nitrate (KNO3)-based flower inducers, whether of agricultural grade or formulated products, is recommended. However new organic based flower inducers are now coming up like HOC (Herbal Organic Concentrate) with mineral substances additives. The use of cooked and powdered egg shell mixed with HOC or fermented plant juices is gaining adherence in the Visayas and Palawan.

3. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is sprayed by wetting the leaves thoroughly with 1-3% spray concentration. During the cold and rainy months, higher concentrations (2-3%) of flower inducers should be used; while during the hot months, lower concentrations (1-1.5%) may be used. In the Ilocos Region, mango growers shock their trees to flower by spraying cold water with ice blocks during hot dry days.

4. In cases where the tree shows poor flowering response, a follow-up spray using a lower concentration of KNO3 is applied. This can be done within a week after the first (1st) spraying. However, for Natural Farming, this practice is not recommended. Too much flowering or over bearing will drain the reserve energy in the tree, which will only cause flower and fruit drops since the energy accumulated by the plant is released by too heavy flowering some call “full house”.

5. In the absence of KNO3, other nitrate salts are used such as agricultural sodium nitrate (NaNO3), liquid ammonium nitrate* (NH4NO3), calcium ammonium nitrate (CaNH4NO3) and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2 ]. Ethelyne (Ethryle) and carbide spray are also being used as flower inducers. The latter is now used as an alternative for KNO3 with comparable results.

6. A growth retardant (Paclobutrazol) is being used to promote early leaf maturation especially in young trees (less than 10 yrs. old) and prepares the trees for early flowering. This is applied as a soil drench.However for Natural Organic farming, the use of this chemical growth regulator is not recommended as it has been found to be harmful to both the plants and the consumer being carcinogenic and contaminates the fruits of mango. It also alter the capacity of the roots to absorb plant nutrient from the soil. Natural farming will allow the one year (12 months) cycle of production or 8 months rejuvenation and 4 months of production. The Carabao mango by nature is a biennial bearer or bears bountiful fruits every two years cycle.

Flower and Fruit Management

1. Foliar application of liquid fertilizer at 18-25 days after flower induction (DAFI) may be done to maximize and enhance the flowering capacity of the plant to develop fruits and reduce fruit drops.

Pollinating insects like blue flies & bees are encouraged by avoiding spraying of pesticides during full bloom (26-38 DAFI). A five percent (5%) sugar or honey solution is sprayed as spot application to attract pollinators during full bloom. This however may feed pathogenic fungus like Anthracnose, that will destroy the flowers and developing fruits. Natural Farming System avoids the use of toxic insecticides because they also kill the beneficial insect pollinators.

2. The branches can be shaken after a rain or early in the morning during blooming to remove flowers affected by disease. This procedure is also known as flower brisking.

3. Mango trees are irrigated weekly, during summer dry months approximately 100-300L of water per tree per week, to enhance the development of flowers and young fruits and minimize fruit drops.

4. Bagging is recommended at 55 to 60 DAFI. Others bag at 70-80 days only on healthy clean fruits for export. This lowers expense.

Proper Harvesting

1. Fruits should be harvested upon reaching maturity of 105-115 DAFI (late flower induction – January, February, March) or 120-130 DAFI (early induction – October, November, December).

2. Other maturity indices include:a. flattening or expansion of shoulders and fullness of

cheeks;

b. presence of “bloom” or powdery deposit on the fruit;c. yellow green color near pedicel and yellowing of pulp;

andd. floatation of fruits in 1% salt solution (100g salt/10L

of water).

3. Harvesters must wash their hands before harvesting. Good personal hygiene must be practiced to avoid cross-contamination of the produce.

4. The fruits should be harvested between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM for lesser latex flow. When it rains, harvesting is deferred. Leave about 2.0 cm pedicel on the fruit to minimize latex flow which may burn the fruit. Farmers may use tarpaulin or fish net to catch the fruits which may accidentally fall while harvesting.

5. Minimize damage and contamination of fruits with soil, pathogens, fertilizers or other agro-chemicals. Natural Farming System will not allow toxic chemicals to remain in the farm and orchard.

6. Harvested fruits should be kept away from direct sunlight and brought immediately to the shade or packing house for sorting and other post-harvest activities.

7. Harvesting crates/containers (e.g. bamboo baskets, stackable plastic crates, etc.) should be regularly cleaned and maintained. Unfit harvesting crates/containers should be disposed if it will cause undue damage to the fruit or will cause contamination.

8. Containers of harvested fruits should be clearly identified with names or codes containing date of harvest, time, block number, volume and name of harvester/farmer. Record of this information should be kept for traceability.

Proper post-harvest handling

1. Harvested fruits may be sorted/packed on-farm or may be transported to a common packinghouse facility. If transported, fruits are hauled carefully in an appropriate container to the packinghouse to minimize mechanical damage. Mango fruits placed in bamboo baskets or “kaings” should be lined with newspapers not banana leaves or other organic material. 2. Fruits to be sorted out should not be placed in direct contact with the soil or the floor of the packinghouse to avoid cross-contamination of the produce.

3. Sorters/packers should wash their hands with soap or detergent before handling the produce. They should also practice good personal hygiene.

4. For packinghouse facilities, the packing room must be separated from toilet facilities and must be kept clean, tidy, well ventilated and free of foul smell at all times.

5. Mangoes should be sorted according to size and quality (Annex 1 – Revised PNS for Mangoes). Damaged and diseased fruits should be discarded to avoid cross-contamination of the whole lot.

6. Sorted and graded mangoes should then be inspected and trimmed of stems connected to the fruits.

7. The fruits should be washed clean with a mixture of potable water and mild soap. If required by the importing country, the fruits should be subjected to any of the following post-harvest treatments:

a. Hot Water Treatment (HWT) – The newly harvested fruits are dipped in warm water (about 52-55°C) for about 10mins. The fruits are then rinsed in cool running water for 10mins (hydro26 cooling), air-dried and packed.

b. Rapid HWT – The fruits are submerged in hot water (60°C) for 30 sec to one (1) minute. Hydro-cooling is no longer required.

c. Extended HWT – The fruits are submerged in hot water (46 or 47°C) for two (2) hours until pulp temperature reaches 46°C or 47°C. This temperature is maintained for 15mins at 46°C or 10mins at 47°C. The fruits are then allowed to cool by air-drying.

d. Vapor heat treatment (VHT) – Fruits are heated in a chamber with vapor-saturated air until the pulp reaches a temperature of 46°C which is maintained for 10mins. The chamber is then ventilated to cool.

8. Transported fruits should be appropriately labeled for traceability.

Packaging

1. Mangoes which have been sorted, washed and subjected to post-harvest treatment(s) are then packed in suitable packaging containers. For specific packaging requirements of individual countries, the packaging specifications should be mutually agreed upon.

2. Each packaging container must be clearly labeled with the following information:

a. mango grower’s accreditation codeb. name of commodityc. net weightd. batch number and date of packinge. name of Plant Quarantine Service (PQS) signing

officerf. the name “Product of the Philippines”

3. Storage facilities for packaging materials must be kept free from rodents, birds, farm animals, physical and chemical contaminants.

Storage Facilities for Fruits

1. Storage facilities must be sanitized and free from decaying plant waste and foul smell.

2. Packed mangoes may be stored in a cold room (temperature 12-14°C; relative humidity 85-95%) immediately after packing. Refrigeration equipment should be in good working condition with the temperature regularly monitored and recorded.

3. Cooling equipment must be cleaned and inspected frequently. Maintenance of equipment and use of appropriate sanitary procedures is critical in ensuring the safety of the produce.

IV. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environment friendly approach to pest management. To control and minimize pest damage, it combines the use of current and comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests; their interaction with the environment and the available pest control methods, e.g. biological, cultural, varietal selection, and chemical control. Use of chemicals should be on a need basis.

2. Mango trees are susceptible to pest attacks at various stages of development. Flowers and fruits are, however, the most susceptible to major pests.

3. The following are important factors for a successful implementation of IPM:

a. crop phenology,b. pest identity, biology and damage,c. pest/weather monitoring, andd. pesticide management

4. The detailed discussion of 3(a) to 3(c) is found in Appendix II, III and IV, respectively of this manual.

5. An IPM program has been developed to guide the mango growers in the implementation of IPM in their farms. For each month or stage of mango development, the pests most likely to attack the tree are identified and the corresponding intervention measures are indicated (Table 1)

PNS GAP for Mango 4th Draft

Table 1. Phenological Guide for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 1 Program for MangoDays After Flower Induction (DAFI)

Phenology Illustration Target Pests IPM Interventions1 Dormant Scale insects MealybugsPrune to improve light penetration and air circulationFertilizer application (soil application)

2 FlushingCecid fly, Twig cutter, AnthracnoseSpray insecticides and fungisides to protect flush use HOC

7-9 Leaf maturationTwig cutter Prunes and burn infested twigsBefore flower inductionMango leafhopper Light trappingField sanitation, Pruning

Flower induction0 DAFIMature buds and leavesMango leafhopper Start of chemical induction 1.0-2.5% KNO3,

with high hopper population, mix insecticide and flower inducer, use HOC (Herbal Organic Concentrate). Table 1. Phenological Guide for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program for 1 Mango (continued)Days After Flower Induction (DAFI)Phenology Illustration Target Pests IPM Interventions

1-8 DAFI Bud break/bud initiationMango leafhopper Monitor percent flushing/floweringMonitor for pest

9-12 Bud emergenceMango leafhopper, Tip borer, ThripsMonitor for pestSpray insecticide if needed use HOC

13-16 Post emergenceBud elongation IMango hopper, Tip borer, Thrips, AnthracnoseApply foliar fertilizer use HOCMonitor for pestSpray insecticide and fungicide ifneeded Table 1. Phenological Guide for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program for 1 Mango (continued)Days After Flower Induction (DAFI)Phenology Illustration Target Pests IPM Interventions

17-22 Post emergenceBud elongation IIMango hopper, Tip borer, Thrips, Mealy bug, AnthracnoseMonitor for pestSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed, Use HOC

23-25 Pre-anthesisMango hopper, Tip borer, Mealy bugApply foliar fertilizer. Spray HOC

Monitor for pestSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed

26-30 Full bloomBlossom blight No insecticide spraying to encourage pollinatorsShaking of branches

31-35 Fruitset(mongo size)Mango hopper, Tip borer, Mealy bug, Anthracnose, ScabMonitor for pestsSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed. Use HOC.

36-42 Fruit development(corn size)Mango leafhopper, Tip borer, Mealy bug, Anthracnose, ScabMonitor for pests Table 1. Phenological Guide for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program for 1 Mango (continued)Days After Flower Induction (DAFI)Phenology Illustration Target Pests IPM Interventions

43-50 Fruit development(marble size)Tip borer, Mealy bug, Cecid fly, Anthracnose, ScabSpray insecticides and fungicide if needed. Use HOC.

Early bagging for cecid fly control(optional)51-60 Fruit enlargement (chicken-egg-size)Mango seed borer, Helopeltis sp, Mealybug, Scale insectMango pulp weevil, Anthracnose, ScabField sanitationBefore fruit bagging, apply foliar fertilizerSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed. Use HOC.

61-90 Fruit enlargement Mango seed borer

Helopeltis sp, Mealybug, Scale insect, Anthracnose, ScabMonitor for fruit pestsCollection and proper disposal of fruit dropsSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed. Use HOC.

91-109 Start ofmaturationFruit fly, Mealy bug, Scale insect, Anthracnose, ScabMonitor for fruit pestsCollection and proper disposal of fruit dropsSpray insecticide and fungicide if needed. Use HOC.

Table 1. Phenological Guide for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program for 1 Mango (continued)Days AfterFlower Induction (DAFI)Phenology Illustration Target Pests IPM Interventions

110-120 Full maturityFruit flyStem-end rot, AnthracnoseHarvesting of fruits based on maturity indicesHot Water Treatment (HWT)

V. PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT

1. Pesticide management refers to the judicious use of pesticides. It focuses on maximizing the benefits of the chemicals while minimizing its harmful effects.

2. Pesticides may be classified based on its uses, formulation type, chemical grouping, mode of action, and hazards.

3. There are specific guidelines in applying GAP to ensure that the use of pesticides in mango production is managed properly. If these are followed judiciously, residues in mango will not exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) of the pesticide.

4. The following are the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) pertaining to the use of pesticides:

a. Use registered pesticides. Apply only pesticides and other agricultural chemicals e.g. plant growth regulators which have been approved by the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA).

b. Read and follow the label instructions. It is important to always read and understand the pesticide label to be able to use the product properly. The following information is found on the label:

i. Product information

1. Active ingredient(s) (a.i.) may be present in several brand names.2. Solvent3. General Use Statement – summary of the approved use(s) of the product

ii. Directions for use1. Crops2. Target Pests3. Dosage, Frequency and Timing of Application4. Pre-harvest interval PHI refers to the number of days between the last spraying and harvest. It is derived from a supervised pesticide residue trial (SPRT) where the pesticide is applied at the approved rate and the residue level is analyzed. Each pesticide active ingredient (a.i.) has its own PHI. If the pesticides are applied following the recommended PHI, pesticide residues even if present would still be at or below the maximum residue limit (MRL).

Mango fruits at harvest should not contain 1 pesticide residue levels exceeding its MRL.5. Re-entry Period It is the length of time to be observed before re-entering the treated area after each application of pesticide.

6. Compatibility In tank mixing with other pesticides and related chemicals, check label advice for compatibility.

iii. Pre-cautionary measures

iv. Storage and Disposal Please refer to the advice on the storage and disposal on the label.

v. First Aid and medical treatment in case of poisoning

vi. Emergency contact number

c. GAP for the proper use and handling Before mixing1. Keep spraying equipment in good condition. Check sprayer for defects. Maintain a record of maintenance check-up of spraying equipment.2. Check and repair leaks. Leaky sprayers cause unnecessary waste and risks, so do not use faulty or leaky sprayers.3. Clean the nozzles with water or a soft-probing device. Never blow into a clogged nozzle.4. For appropriate personal protective equipment (PPEs) to be used, read the product label.

During mixing

1. Use a measuring cup or graduated cylinder in measuring the concentrated formulated pesticide, with care to avoid spillage or hand contamination.2. Use clean water for mixing pesticides to avoid microbial contamination of the mango fruits.3. When the contents of the pesticide bottle are used up, rinse the bottle 3 times with water and pour into the last sprayer tank load.4. Never use your bare hands for mixing.5. Use appropriate gloves to minimize dermal exposure.

During application

1. Pesticide residues are highest in the face area, including the neck and shoulders, so wear the necessary protection.2. Do not spray against the wind.3. Spray inner canopy first before spraying the outer canopy.4. Use a power sprayer with an extended boom such as bamboo pole, to reduce contact with the spray mist.5. To minimize exposure while spraying: wear protective 1 headgear.6. Maintain a record of spray application indicating information of pesticide used, volume used, area sprayed, and operator.7. To minimize exposure while spraying: wear protective headgear, cover nose and mouth, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, change shirt and headgear when it gets wet with perspiration or spray solution and do not rub face or other body parts with contaminated hands. Do not smoke and eat if your hands are not washed clean after spraying.

After spraying

1. Clean spray equipment by flushing the remaining pesticide solution using detergent and clean water.2. Do not dispose contaminated water or rinsate into waterways.3. Change working clothes immediately after spraying.4. Remove gloves last.5. Wash your hands with soap and water.6. Do not go home in your working clothes (used in spraying) because the pesticides in the fabric can be absorbed by the skin.7. Do not hang used clothes to dry for reuse the following day.8. Soak clothes in water and detergent.9. Dispose of rinse water properly, taking care not to contaminate water and food sources.10. Launder working clothes separately from uncontaminated clothes.

c. GAP for storage and disposal

Storage

1. Store pesticides in their original labeled containers.2. Keep pesticides locked in a storeroom and out of children’s reach.3. Keep pesticides out of the kitchen.4. Do not place pesticide bottles beside bottles of vinegar, oil, soy sauce, etc. Do not place pesticide powders near salt or sugar.5. Keep pesticides away from fire or open flame, stove or lamps. Liquid formulations may have flammable solvents which can be a fire hazard.6. Partially used pesticide bottles must be placed inside a thick plastic bag to avoid hand contamination.7. Do not recycle used bottles as containers for oil, vinegar, soy sauce, and for any other food and feed stuff.

Disposal

1. Dispose of empty pesticide bottles and cartons into a pesticide disposal pit.2. Dig disposal pit in an area away from people and animals, and far from water sources.3. Do not burn pesticide containers. The temperature 1 in the burning pile is not high enough to destroy the pesticide left in the containers. It will only spread faster through the hot air generated while burning. This will lead to inhalation problems and in some cases, phytotoxicity in standing crops.

d. Insect Resistance Management

1. Use products according to the recommended dosage. Underdosing quickly affects insect populations with average levels of tolerance, while overdosing kills most of the insect population leaving only those which are tolerant or resistant.

This leads to the development of a new generation of insects which are difficult to kill.2. Use appropriate, well-maintained equipment to apply insecticides/fungicides. Use recommended water volume and spray pressure in order to obtain optimal coverage of the canopy. Avoid spraying to run-off.3. Target the pests at their vulnerable stage, (young instars, larvae) where possible, because these are easier to control than older instars/larvae.4. Use appropriate economic thresholds and spray intervals (based on label recommendation).5. Use alternately products of different modes of action or from different chemical groups such as pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates and new generation compounds.6. If the efficacy of the product is no longer good, do not reapply the same insecticide/fungicide but change the class to one having a different mode of action.7. Mix different pesticides. This may offer a short-term solution to resistance problems. However, remember that each product used in the mixture should belong to a different class or mode of action, and is used at the recommended dose.

VI. Farm Management

1. All records must be updated and kept up to two years.

2. Copies of laboratory analysis and certificates that verify compliance with this Code must be filed.

3. Each package/bulk packed produce leaving the farm must be traceable (i.e. date of harvest) to farm sources.

4. Records of lot number must be maintained for all produce leaving the farm. 5. Staff training records must also be maintained.

1 APPENDIX II23 CROP PHENOLOGY (continued)4 Stages of panicle development and fruit maturation5Full-bloom (26-30 DAFI)Fruit set (mungbean size)31-35 DAFIFruit enlargement (corn size)36-42 DAFIFruit enlargement (marble size)43-50 DAFI 1 APPENDIX II23 CROP PHENOLOGY (continued)4 Stages of panicle development and fruit maturation5Fruit enlargement (chicken-egg size)51-60 DAFIFruit enlargement61-90 DAFIStart of maturation91-109 DAFIFull maturity110-120 DAFI 1 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT4Part of the Mango PlantPests DiseaseFlowers Mango leafhopperMango tip/twig borerMealy bugsScale insectMango thrips

AnthracnoseSooty moldFruits Fruits FliesMango seedborerPulp WeevilMango thripsMealy bugsScale insectCapsid bugCecid FlyAntsAnthracnoseScabSooty MoldDiplodia stem-end rot 1 APPENDIX III PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued) Insects Damage Management

AntsAnt infestations in mangotrees are encouraged bythe presence of scaleinsects and mealy bugsthat produce honeydews,which are ants’ excellentfood source.Ants do not really createharm or damage the treeor fruit, but they can makeharvesting verycumbersome because ofthe painful bites they caninflict on to the farmers/harvesters.

- Prune the mango treeand remove allunnecessary branchesthat provide favorableenvironment for ants.- Control mealybugs, scale insects andleafhoppers.- Apply insecticidesduring heavy infestation,particularly directed onthe nests.

Capsid Bug

The adult insect looks likea small rice bug. Its pair ofantennae is twice as longas its body. The femaleadult capsid bug has ablack body with an orangethorax. Its eggs are whitewhile young nymphs arered or orange.The bug stays in wildvegetation and is active inthe evening. It feeds ondeveloping fruits, up tothe size of a chicken egg.The bug excretes toxicmaterials that producedry, brown irregularlyshapedcorky spots on thefruit’s skin. These spotsare locally known as“kurikong,” “saksakwalis”, “armalite”, or“nora-nora” depending on

the area or region.- Bag the fruits at 55to 60 days after flowerinduction.- Remove weeds,underbrush shrubs andsmall trees under themango canopy as well asinfested fruits.- Remove alternatehosts of adult bugs suchas cashew, guava andcacao from the orchard.- If infestation isheavy, apply registeredinsecticides, preferably atnight.Prevention:Prune trees afterharvesting or beforeflushing.567894th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 431 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage ManagementFruit FlyThe adult fruit fly isalmost similar in size tothe house fly. It has a lightbrown body, bright yellowspots on the shoulder and

thorax, and hastransparent wings.The female fruit flypunctures the peel of amature fruit and lays eggson it. Its larvae grow andfeed on mango fruits.punctures on the fruit arenot readily recognizable.However, after four to fivedays, soft brownish spotsappear, liquid oozes fromthe spots and theunderlying tissue rots. Thecontinuous feeding of thelarva and the secondarymicrobial activity furtherdestroy the fruit making itunsuitable forconsumption.- Collect the infestedfruits and bury deep intothe soil to prevent theinsect from completing itslife cycle.- Bag the fruits withappropriate baggingmaterials such as oldnewspapers at 55 to 65days after flower inductionor when the fruits areabout the size of chickenegg.- Harvest fruits atmature green stage sincefruit flies are attracted tothem as soon as theirsurfaces become yellow.- Do not intercropwith the following fruits

trees: guava, papaya,jackfruit, sineguelas andsantol since they are alsopreferred hosts of the fruitflies.5678910111213141516171819204th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 441 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage Management

Mango Cecid FlyCecid fly is a very smalland delicate fly with longlegs and antennae, andhairy transparent wings.Its larvae are tiny brightyellow maggots.The adult Cecid fly stayson wild vegetation whilethe larva stays in young

mango leaves or fruits.The developing larvaecause gall formation inthe leaves and roundsunken spots on the fruits.

Management:- Prune crowdedbranches and infestedleaves, particularlyflushes.- Remove weeds,underbrush shrubs andsmall trees under themango canopy.- Collect and disposethe infested fruitsproperly.

Prevention:- Bag fruits at 40days after flower inductionor at marble size or sprayregistered insecticides upto 55 days after flowerinduction.- Bag fruits one tothree days afterinsecticide application.567891011121314

15161718192021224th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 451 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage Management

Mango LeafhopperAdult mango leafhoppersare wedge-shaped insectswhich are greyish-green orbrown. The youngleafhoppers or nymphsare very small, winglessand yellowish.They can be found hidingunderneath the leaves,main stalk of the panicleand in emerging flowers.The nymph and adultmango leafhoppers pierceand suck plant sapresulting in the witheringand falling of individualflowers. High hopperinfestations results toproduction of sticky fluid“honey dew”which servesas medium for the growthof sooty mold beneath the

leaves, flower buds andpanicles.Under severe leafhopperinfestation, the entirecanopy will turn black.- Prune all deadbranches after harvest toimprove light penetrationand air circulation.- Do light trappingbefore flower induction toreduce initial leafhopperpopulation in the field.- Induce earlyflowering. This canminimize heavyleafhopper infestationsthat usually occur duringthe summer months.- Avoid excessiveapplication of fungicidesto conserve beneficialfungi that attack theleafhopper.- Apply insecticidesonly when there are atleast three leafhoppersper panicle. Check thepresence of mangohopper seven days afterflower induction or onceflower buds are formed orhave elongated.5678910


Mango Pulp WeevilThe mango pulp weevil isa hard-bodied weevil,usually 6mm long andbrownish black in color.Due to its color and habit,it cannot easily be seen inthe tree. Its larvae, whichfeed on the mango flesh,develop inside the mangofruit.This insect is found only inSouthern Palawan butbecause of its destructivenature, it has placed theisland under quarantine.Mangoes from this areaare not allowed to betransported or brought outof the province.The damage created bythe weevil is not visibleexternally. But inside thefruit, tunnels and

discolored pulp areformed due to larvalfeeding. An adult weevildoes not leave the fruituntil it falls to the groundand rots.- Prune the tree,preferably open-centerpruning, to allow thesunlight to penetrate thetree canopy. Sunlight killsweevils.- Keep the orchardclean. Remove all weeds,twigs, fallen leaves andother debris under thetree canopy.- Dispose of infectedfruits properly by buryingthe fruits two feet belowthe ground.- Bag the fruits at 55to 60 DAFI.56789101112131415164th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 471 APPENDIX III2

3 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage Management

Mango Seed BorerThe adult mango seedborer moth is light brownand 16mm long. The larvais white with red intersegmentalbands.The damage starts whenthe larva enters the fruitthrough the apex or thenarrow tip area of thefruit. The growing larvafeeds on the seed andflesh. Later, the damagedarea collapses and theapex bursts. When theseed is totally consumed,the fruit will fall to theground.A single larva canconsume the entire seedin a short period of time.- Remove infestedfruits from the tree toprevent movement oflarva from one fruit toanother and to minimizedamage to other fruits.- Dispose of infectedfruits properly to preventthe insect fromcompleting its life cycle.This can be done byburying the fruits twofeet below theground.

- Bag the fruits at 55to 65 DAFI.- Monitor infestationand when necessary,apply insecticide at 50-55days after flowerinduction.

Mango ThripsMango thrips are minute,slender-bodied insectsand about 4mm long.When fully-developed, theinsects have four long,narrow fringed wings.Thrips are sensitive tolight.Adults and nymphs attackthe flowers. They suck theplant sap, which causesthe flowers to wither andfall off. They can extenddamage to the fruitsresulting to scabyappearance locally called“chico-chico”.- Prune or cut offexcess branches toimprove aeration and toallow more light topenetrate the canopy.- Spray registeredinsecticides as a fine mistto protect the upper andlower surfaces of theleaves.56


Mealy BugsMealy bugs are small (2mm long), oval-shaped,soft-bodied insects withwhite cottony filaments ontheir body. Male adultmealy bugs have twowings while females arewingless. They are usuallyfound on flushes, flowersand fruits.Mealy bugs havesymbiotic relationshipwith red ants. Theyexcrete sticky fluid called“honeydew”, which servesas food for red ants. Theants protect and transportmealy bugs to thedifferent parts of the tree.Mealy bugs suck vitalplant sap and affectsleaves, flowers and fruits.Affected parts turn yellow,dry-up and eventually, falloff.The honeydew producedby the mealy bugspromotes growth of sootymolds on leaves, whicheventually affects the

photosynthetic activity.- Prune heavilyinfested plant parts.- Spray registeredinsecticide immediatelybefore bagging.567891011121314154th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 491 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage Management

Mango Tip BorerThe adult mango tip boreris a grayish black moth,usually about 8mm long.Its larva can grow to aslong as 10 mm and lightbrownto purple in color. Itis considered as a seriouspest of flowers and youngshoots.Mango tip borer destroysthe flowers from budemergence to elongation.Its larva bores into the tip

of the shoots anddeveloping flowers andfeeds on the inner tissues.The affected shoots wiltand terminal parts diewhile the affectedpanicles split-open andgradually shed off theflowers.- Prune and burn theinfested parts to preventthe insects frommultiplying and spreading.- Spray registeredinsecticidesrecommended for tipborer control.

Scale InsectScale insects are small (1mm long), stationary,convex and scale-likeorganisms.High population of scaleinsects causes the canopyto turn black due to thegrowth of sooty mold.Since the leaves arecovered with sooty mold,photosynthetic or foodproduction activity isreduced considerably.Punctures created byinsects on the fruit resultin whitish spots whichlower the fruit’s market

value.- Look for scaleinsects on leaves, flowersand fruits. Check ifinfestation is widespreador occurring only in smallpatches. If infestation iswidespread, prune heavilyaffectedparts beforespraying registeredinsecticide. If it occurs inpatches, remove affectedparts mechanically.- Check if there areipil-ipil or kakawate treesnearby. These arealternate hosts of scaleinsects and serve as asource of infestation.- Destroy the red antsinfesting the mango treebecause these facilitate thespread of scales from one treeto another.4th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 501 APPENDIX III23 PEST IDENTITY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT (continued)4Insects Damage Management

Twig CutterThe larva of twig cuttergrows to as long as18mm, is colored whiteand legless. It can befound inside the twigswhere it feeds on woody

tissue. It pupates insidethe twig and will get outonly when it has becomea fully-grown beetle. Theadult twig cutter is a grayspottedlong-hornedbeetle and around 20mmlong.This insect is verydestructive during the dryseason, particularly inmany growing areas ofCentral Luzon.The twig cutter cuts orgirdles the twig before itlays eggs. The infestedtwig breaks off easily atthe point of incision or die.A twig cutter-infested treeis characterized by thepresence of dead twigsand leaves on its canopy.- Prune and burninfested twigs to preventthe development andspread of insects.- Apply insecticideduring flushing stage, thetime when the adults layeggs on the twigs.5678910111213


AnthracnoseAnthracnose is a majorpost harvest problem ofmango fruits and is themost serious fungaldisease of mangoes in thePhilippines.Anthracnose causesirregular brown spots onyoung leaves whilemature leaves getdistorted with “shot-holes”in various shapes andsizes. It also blackens andwithers the flowers andproduces “blossom blight”while causing brown toblack sunken spots on thefruits.Other damage caused byanthracnose:- reduced tree vigor- unproductiveterminal branches- withering offlowers- failure to set and

retain fruits- rotting of fruits- total crop failureField Management- Maintain good lightpenetration and aircirculation in each mangotree.- Collect and burntrash to reduce sources ofdisease.- Bag fruits usingappropriate baggingmaterials to reducefurther field infestation.- Fertilize andirrigate trees to improvetree vigor.- When flushingoccurs on rainy days,protect emerging flushesfrom leaf spots byspraying registeredcontact fungicides. DONOT use systemicfungicides.- Applyprotectants/systemicfungicides to protectinflorescence againstblossom blight and fruitrot infection on developingfruits.Post Harvest ManagementSubject newly harvestedfruits in hot watertreatment56


ScabScab is a fungal diseasewhich primarily infectsyoung developing fruits. Itis prominently seen inpanicles and youngdeveloping fruits,particularly on the pedicel.The surface of infectedfruit has grayish brownspots with dark irregularmargin. As the spotsenlarge, the surfacedevelops cracks andfissured corky tissues.Heavily infected fruits looklike common scab infectedcalamansi fruits.Heavier infestations occurduring the rainy season.Infected fruits aremisshapened withunsightly looking surface,thus are downgraded andhave lower market value.Follow the

protection managementused against anthracnose.- Use therecommended culturalpractice to maintainvigorous and productivetrees, which are lessprone to diseases.- Maintain good lightpenetration and aircirculation in each mangotree through regularsanitation and pruning.Prune after harvest toincrease ventilation andreduce humidity inside thecanopy.- Collect and burntrash to reduce sources ofdiseases.- Bag fruits usingappropriate baggingmaterials to reducefurther field infection.- Spray registeredfungicides in scab proneareas during the youngfruit stage or around 35 to50 days after flowerinduction to control thedisease.56789101112


Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungaldisease that grows andobtains nourishment fromthe honeydew excreted byinsects such asleafhoppers, scales andmealy bugs. The diseasedevelops on the leafsurface and on fruit asblack velvety covering.The sooty mold on leavesinterferes with thephotosynthetic activitiesof the plant. It reduces thetree’s vigor and fruitbearing capability anddowngrades the fruit’smarket value.- Eradicate ormanage the population ofthe honeydew-excretinginsects.- Bag clean fruitswith appropriate baggingmaterials.- Practice pruning.5678


Diplodia/stem-end rotDiplodia stem-end rot is afungal disease caused bycomplex fungalorganisms. It ischaracterized by darklesions developing at thepedicel end of the mangofruits after they areharvested. Under warmand moist conditions, theinfected area extendstowards the end of thefruit. The fruit turns from

dark-brown to purplishblack and the tissuesbecome watery andproduce unpleasant odor.Diplodia stem-end rotproduces soft rot unlikeanthracnose whichproduces hard rot.This disease also infectsinflorescence, youngdeveloping fruits andterminal branches.Stem-end rot causes postharvestlosses due torotting of fruits. It alsoreduces tree vigorbecause of severe dryingof twigs and defoliation.- Remove and burnprimary sources of thedisease such as deadtwigs, barks and othertrashes.- Harvest the fruitswith about 1 to 2cm of thestalk attached. It wasobserved that there is ahigh incidence of stemendrot on fruits withoutstalk.- Follow the diseasemanagementinterventions developedfor anthracnose. They areknown to substantiallyreduce incidence of stemendrot.56

74th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 551 APPENDIX IV23 PEST AND WEATHER MONITORING456784th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 561 APPENDIX IV23 PEST AND WEATHER MONITORING (continued)454th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 571 APPENDIX IV23 PEST AND WEATHER MONITORING (continued)4

1 References:2 CropLife3 Philippine GAP4 Presentation of Dr. Golez5 Davao City Chamber of Commerce, Incorporated. APPENDIX I

LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

1. X-Tekh Liquid Bio-Fertilizer Microorganism c/o Alexander Acideria AA Bio-Tech Ent. Co, 2727 Lico Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila

2. Unigrow Pure Organic Fertilizer c/o Jaime C. Vistar President Agricola Rich Corp., Diocesan Centrum Bldg. S. Liuch Street, Iligan City Tel. No. 221 – 7658

3. Bio-Advantage (1-14-3) Organic Fertilizer c/o Angelito B. Garcia A.B. Garcia Agri. Products Brgy. Anonang, San Fabian, PangasinanTel. Nos. (075) 522 – 0371 / (075) 653 – 0885

4. Crop Giant 8-8-8 Organic Fertilizer c/o Francisco S. Dizon III PresidentAldiz Inc., U-1905 Cityland 10 Tower II6817 H.V. dela Costa St., Ayala Avenue, Makati CityTel. No. 892 – 2787 / 817 – 9221

5. Green Harvest Organic Fertilizer c/o Casiano A. Ibrado IIIAmalia Farms Inc., #20 Lacson StreetBacolod City, Negros OccidentalTel. No. (034) 434 – 9439

6. Guano c/o Antonio Tible Agritech Naturale Enterprises San Vicente, Calabanga, Camarines Sur Tel. No. (054) 255 – 6082 7. Provider’s Organic Fertilizer c/o Tomas D. Gajete Biocom Enterprises San Luis, Rosales, Pangasinan Tel. No. 0920 – 215 1375 / 456 – 5334 8. Bio-N Microbial Fertilizer c/o Juliet Anarna BIOTECH (National Institute of Molecular Bo. & Biotech)

University of the Philippines, College Los Baños, Laguna Tel. No. (049) 536 – 2721 9. Bodega Farm Organic Fertilizer c/o Steniel C. Young Bodega Farm Enterprises Sagua Banwa, Valladolid, Negros Occidental Tel. No. 433 – 4706 / 461 – 1326 10. Eco-Organic Fertilizer c/o Dr. Rodolfo Raquino BREMCAS Development Cooperative Brgy. Baua, Gonzaga, Cagayan CP Nos. 0917 – 844 5765 / 0917 – 774 9893 11. Growing Mix Organic Fertilizer c/o Dojoe R. Santiago General Manager Bulacan Gardens Corp. Lugam, Malolos, Bulacan Tel. No. (044) 791 – 0412 / 911 – 4021 to 25 12. Farmers Choice Organic Fertilizer c/o Rafael Pama Jr. Cleafar Agri-Business, Inc. Brgy. Inagdangan, Zarraga, Iloilo City Tel. No. 525 – 4253 13. Supermix Bio-Organic Fertilizer c/o Antonio L. Rivera VP Marketing Calstar Technologies, Corp. Teodor Gener, Poblacion, Norzagaray, Bulacan Tel. No. 785 – 2122 / 749 – 3561

14. Vitasol Organic Fertilizer c/o Federico F. Male Campaign Specialties

Quezon Blvd., Sampaloc, Manila 15. Exceed Fortified Organic Fertilizer c/o Percival F. Ceña Ceña Enterprises Brgy. Vega, Bongabon, Nueva Ecija CP No. 0917 – 566 0550 / 0920 – 901 4832 16. Golden Grains Organic Fertilizer c/o Reynaldo P. Sadava Drejfyl Agri Technologies Block 2, Lot 14, Aplaya Subdivision Rambutan Avenue, Matina, Davao City Tel. No. 298 – 2228 17. Real Guano Fertilizer c/o Ernesto A. Real E. A. Real Organic Fertilizer Km. 20, Los Amigos, Tugbok, Davao City Tel. No. 0920 – 444 9988 18. Extreme 3000 Organic Fertilizer c/o Lito M. Arenas Extreme Enterprises Brgy. Matulong, Manaoag, Pangasinan CP No. 0917 – 508 1881 19. Everlasting Bio-Organic Fertilizer c/o Mrs. Virginia Agabao El Oro Multi-Purpose Coop. San Fermin, Cauayan, Isabela CP No. 0919 – 206 0636 20. Bioearth Rooting Mix Organic Fertilizer c/o Roberto C. Espino Manager, Agri-Division Fabcon Philippines, Inc. 12/F Jollibee Center Building San Miguel Avenue, Pasig City

21. First Farmers Organic Fertilizer c/o Rafael T. Lizares, Jr. First Farmers Food Corporation Dos Hermanas, Talisay City Negros Occidental Tel. No. 435 – 4019 22. Orgo Plus Organic Fertilizer c/o Randy R. Lamboson Fertex Marketing Piatos, Bunawan, Davao City CP No. 0906 – 907 1103 23. Alpha SP Fortified Organic Fertilizer c/o Rosalina S. Quintos Tan Galactic Resources Dev’t Corp. Brgy. Masaya, Rosario, Batangas Tel. No. 363 – 6816 Telefax 415 – 3636 CP No. 0918 – 936 1181 24. Green Bio Compound Microbial Inoculant c/o Yoon Chow Lai (John) Galaxy Ford International Holding Co. Ltd. 931-D Kundiman Street Sampaloc, Manila CP No. 0919 – 262 2577 25. Golden Egg Organic Fertilizer c/o Marie Tess C. Lee Golden Egg Agricultural Supply Km. 19, Aguinaldo Hi-way Bacoor, Cavite Tel. No. (046) 417 – 2498 / 502 – 2468 26. Microfix TM Biofertilizer c/o Marie Teresa Ver Shih Green Gold Agrivet Marketing #1 Canlas Apartments, Neptune St.

San Fernando Subdivision, Sto. Niño San Fernando, Pampanga 27. Granary Organic Fertilizer c/o Shakespeare T. Ang Managing Director Gold Orchard Distributor, Inc. Suite 1506, Future Point Plaza 1 112 Panay Avenue, South Triangle 1103 Quezon City Tel. No. (02) 414 – 4895 28. Green Earth Organic Fertilizer c/o Mr. Nonito dela Cruz Green Earth Agriventures La Filipina, Tagum City, Davao Tel. No. (082) 218 – 2429 29. Bio-Synergy Organic Fertilizer c/o Alfredo V. Alili Isabela Biotech Enterprises #2 E.M. Puzon Subdivision San Fabian, Echaque, Isabela Tel. Nos. (078) 672 – 2366 CP No. 0918 – 274 4071 30. NBEM-21 Organic Fertilizer c/o Cristina O. Kamekawa J.P. BYM Food Mix Manufacturing & Export #11 Baesa Road, Baesa, Quezon City CP No. 0916 – 599 6829 Tel. No. 454 – 7652 31. Greenfriend Organic Fertilizer c/o Geraldine B. Denna Kapatagan Multi Purpose Cooperative, Inc. Payoga Organic Demo Farm Guibang, Gamu, Isabela

CP No. 0919 – 582 3998 32. Guano Fertilizer c/o Leonila G. Abanes / Marilyn Abanes L. Abanes Guano Fertilizer Dealer Silangang Catbalogan, Western Samar Tel. No. (045) 321 – 0356 CP No. 0920 – 253 2227 33. Cocorich Organic Fertilizer c/o Claro Q. Torres, Ph. D. Legaspi Oil Coco Fiber Corporation Mulanay, Quezon Tel. No. 810 – 7392 / 892 – 7961 to 72 ( 3 34. Happy Earth Organic Fertilizer4 c/o Rolando L. Sianghio5 Lacto Asia Pacific Corporation6 4000 Champaca Extension Road7 UPS 4, Brgy. Marcelo Green Village8 Parañaque City9 Tel. No. 776 – 1511 / 824 – 79751011 35. Pureganic Organic Fertilizer12 c/o Rasmiah M. Malixi13 Laguna Organic Enterprises14 Crisols Apartment, Mt. Pulog St.15 Umali Subdivision, Los Baños, Laguna16 Tel. No. (049) 559 - 08001718 36. Magnecrop Organic Fertilizer19 c/o Manding Arcalas20 Madarca Trading21 U A2 168 Apo St., Mesa Heights22 Quezon City23 Tel. No. 687 – 1357 / 937 – 46182425 37. MIT’s Lacto Plus Organic Fertilizer

26 c/o Dr. Hector S. Caluya27 Madela Institute of Technology28 Dipintin, Maddela, Quirino2930 38. Manila Organic Fertilizer31 c/o Andrea L. Gandioco32 Manila Fertilizer Inc.33 Rm. 801, West Trade Center34 123 West Avenue, Quezon City35 Tel. No. 928 – 7412 / 920 – 58763637 39. MWSI Septage Organic Based Foliar Fertilizer38 c/o Francisco A. Arellano39 Maynilad Waters Services Inc.40 MWSS Compound, Katipunan Road41 Balara, Quezon City (page 7 of Appendix 1 – LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC 1 FERTILIZERS)23 40. Greenland Organic Fertilizer4 c/o Rolando R. Lagaya5 Nadines Marketing6 Macalintal Avenue, Brgy. Taysan7 San Jose, Batangas8 Tel. No. (043) 726 – 2281 / 726 – 3602910 41. Bio Advantage Organic Fertilizer11 c/o Noe E. Penera12 Narra Multi Purpose Cooperative13 Casantiagoan, San Manuel14 Pangasinan15 Tel. No. (075) 614 – 32811617 42. Nofarco Bio-Organic Fertilizer18 c/o Engr. Nestor T. Bautista19 Norphil Farmers MPCI20 Sampaguita, Solana21 Nueva Viscaya22 CP No. 0915 – 507 8905

2324 43. Nova Pure (PCM) Processed Chicken Manure25 c/o Emma F. Gonzales26 Operations Manager27 Novatech Agri Food Industries28 Rm. 503 Anita Bldg.29 #1399 Quezon Avenue corner Timog Avenue30 Quezon City31 Tel. No. 371 – 9581 / 371 – 63823233 44. Siglat Organic Fertilizer34 c/o Norvy A. Abyadeng35 NS Northern Organic Fertilizer & Farm Supply36 Brgy. Coliling, Rosales, Pangasinan3738 45. Yasai PCM Organic Fertilizer39 c/o Cenas Aldog40 Northline Entertainment41 Km. 50 Cruz, La Trinidad, Benguet42 Tel. No. (074) 422 – 3713 (page 8 of Appendix 1 – LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC 1 FERTILIZERS)23 46. Ormaco Zoom Organic4 c/o Graciano Balbon5 Orient Marketing Cooperative (ORMACO)6 Jojo Magbanua St., Bantayan7 Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental89 47. Pecuaria Bio-Organic Fertilizer10 c/o Miller S. Bicaldo11 Pecuaria Development Cooperative, Inc.12 Lanipga, Bula, Camarines Sur1314 48. Nutri Smart Organic Fertilizer15 c/o Rosalina B. Rondon16 Phil. Agrow, Inc.17 Philgrow Inc., 4F HMS Center18 596-510 JP Rizal Street

19 Makati City2021 49. Allgrow Humus Maker22 Harvest King Organic 8-8-8 Fertilizer23 Allgrow Fertihumus Organic Fertilizer24 c/o Nestor P. Caoili25 Vice-President & General Manager26 Pine Valley Corporation27 JB-012 Km. 4, La Trinidad, Benguet28 Tel. No. 63-744-222-00829 Fax No. 63-744-222-7563031 50. Texas Bio-organic Fertilizer32 c/o Engr. Milwanie J. Mones33 Polomolok Balik Buhay Lupa MCI34 Purok Malinawon35 Brgy. Poblacion Polomolok36 South Cotabato37 Tel. No. 0920 – 595 42043839 51. Rancap Organica40 c/o Olivia L. Padilla41 Rancap Manufacturing Corp.42 Brgy. Jolongajog, Pontevedra, Capiz43 Tel. No. (Makati) 810 – 6481 to 8344 CP No. 0919 – 348 1406 (page 9 of Appendix 1 – LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC 1 FERTILIZERS)23 52. Probio Gold Organic Fertilizer4 c/o Raymund Baltazar5 Randan Agrisystem Inc.6 Barangay Cabalero7 Palayan City, Nueva Ecija89 53. Maxicrop Organic Fertilizer10 c/o Nicole Aberasturi11 RC Narc Corporation12 163 Clementino Chaves St.

13 Macasandin, Cagayan de Oro City14 Misamis Oriental1516 54. Yama BYM Organic Fertilizer17 Bio-N Microbial Innoculant18 c/o Encarnacion P. Castillo19 Romark Enterprises20 Km. 14, National Road21 Cutcot, Pulilan, Bulacan22 Tel. No. 922 – 7965 / 434 – 620523 (044) 676 – 3730 / 215 – 629224 CP No. 0917 – 849 73162526 55. D & T Compost27 c/o Rodolfo T. Torreda, Jr.28 RS Agro Industrial Corp.29 Brgy. Igang, Pototan, Iloilo30 Tel. No. (033) 329 – 64063132 56. Sagana 100 Fortified Bio-Organic Fertilizer33 c/o Atty. Roberto S. Salido34 Sagana 100 Phils. Inc.35 Brgy. Inarawan, Marcos Highway36 Antipolo City37 Tel. No. 922 – 5683 / 928 – 979138 57. Phela Bio-Organic Fertilizer c/o Patricio Amadeo Southern Matumtum Highland Dev’t Inc. (Formerly PHELA RESOURCES CORP.) MCDC Compound, San Isidro General Santos City (page 10 of Appendix 1 – LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC 1 FERTILIZERS)23 58. Sagrex Duofos Guano Powder4 c/o Ferdinan Y. Maranon5 President

6 Sagrex Corporation7 Dasma Technopark, Governor’s Drive8 Paliparan 1, Dasmariñas, Cavite9 Tel. No. (02) 520 – 803610 (046) 852 – 27061112 59. Sander’s Organic Fertilizer13 c/o Crisanto R. dela Cruz14 Sander’s Organic Mfg. Corp.15 #69 Bagbaguin, Sta. Maria16 Bulacan17 Tel. No. (044) 641 – 2497181920 60. Providence Organic All Fertilizer21 c/o Arnold G. Cortez, Sr.22 Sharing Agro Revival23 Pattao, Bugeuy, Cagayan24 Tel. No. (078) 854 – 490525 CP No. 0916 – 334 77572627 Planergy Organic Fertilizer Model SL-100028 c/o Cathy Galura29 SL Agritech Corp.30 2302 Sterling Place31 Pasong Tamo Extension32 Makati City33 Tel. No. 813 – 7828 loc. 818, 8173435 61. Nitro-Fix Nitrogen Fixing Inoculant Fertilizer36 c/o Luis A. Guillen37 Summa Biotechnologies Corp.38 G/F Right Wing39 Narra Hotel, Butuan City4041 62. Greenbase Fortified Organic Fertilizer42 c/o Alex J. Amor, Jr.43 Siquijor Island Phosphate44 West Boloc-Boloc, Sibulan

45 Negros Oriental46 Tel. No. (035) 225 – 2732474th DraftCode of Good Agricultural Practices for Mango 37(page 11 of Appendix 1 – LIST OF APPROVED ORGANIC 1 FERTILIZERS)23 63. V-4 Organic Fertilizer4 c/o Steven C. Young5 V-4 Swine & Poultry Farms, Inc.6 Sagua Banwa, Valladolid7 Negros Occidental8 Tel. No. 435 – 1525 / 434 – 88719 434 – 69181011 64. Vimaca Bio-Organic Fertilizer12 c/o Jose Ledesma IV13 VMC Farmers Corp., Inc.14 2/F Bank of Commerce Bldg.15 Corner 12th Lacson Street16 Bacolod City17 Tel. No. 709 – 9077 / 709 – 870318 717 – 0721

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