Original Caption The Photoelectric Effect. Cylinders of alkali metal placed on wheel, W, kept clean by knife, K, operated by electromagnet, F. A beam of light, let in at O, falls on the surface. From Physical Review 7 (1916):362.

Photo-electron has excess energy.

Photo-electron is stopped.

X-ray Photo Emission (XPS)

Angle-resolved photoemission

X-Ray Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is a surface sensitive method with a typical information depth of 1 - 5 nm corresponding to 4 - 20 atomic or molecular monolayers, determined by the mean free path of electrons. The imnaged and analyzed area varies between 2 - 500 um with a sensitivity limit of 0. 1- 1 % of a monolayer corresponding to 1012 - 1013

atoms/cm2 or 10-15 - 10-16 g within the analyzed volume.

Ultraviolet Photo Emission (UPS)

Angle-resolved photoemission

X-Ray Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is a surface sensitive method with a typical information depth of 1 - 5 nm corresponding to 4 - 20 atomic or molecular monolayers, determined by the mean free path of electrons. The imnaged and analyzed area varies between 2 - 500 um with a sensitivity limit of 0. 1- 1 % of a monolayer corresponding to 1012 - 1013

atoms/cm2 or 10-15 - 10-16 g within the analyzed volume.

Links• Applets:

– http://physics.berea.edu/~king/Teaching/ModPhys/QM/Photoelectric/Photoelectric.html– http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/mgagnon/Photoelectric_Effect/photoelectriceffect1.htm– http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=342.0

• Images sources:– http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~devlin/phys305/welcome_305.htm– http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod1.html– http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/chemistry/courses/fall_2006/phy

sical_chemistry_i/lectures/photoelectric_6309.asp– http://eaps4.iap.tuwien.ac.at/~werner/qes_tut_photo.html – http://www.llnl.gov/str/June05/gifs/Aufderheide3.jpg– http://www.iop.org/activity/education/Teaching_Resources/Teaching%20Advanced

%20Physics/Atomic%20and%20Nuclei/Quantum%20physics/page_5452.html– http://tigger.uic.edu/~jcc/arpes.html