Origins and Results of the Civil War

Slavery

The southern states were still reliant on slavery

Support for secession was strongly correlated to the number of plantations in the region.

Succession: The act of leaving an organization

States of the Deep South, which had the greatest concentration of plantations, were the first to secede.

Abolition

Abolition: putting an end to something by law.

In our case we are talking about putting an end to slavery.

Sectionalism

Sectionalism refers to the different economies, social structure, customs and political values of the North and South

In the North, slavery was phased out of existence, industrialized, urbanized and built prosperous farms,

South concentrated on plantation agriculture based on slave labor, together with subsistence farming for the poor whites.

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Nationalism

Nationalism: Strong identification of a group of individuals with a nation

While practically all Northerners supported the Union

Southerners were split between those loyal to the entire United States and those loyal primarily to the southern region and then the Confederacy.

States’ Rights

Everyone agreed that states had certain rights—but did those rights carry over when a citizen left that state?

The Southern position was that citizens of every state had the right to take their property anywhere in the U.S.

specifically they could bring their slaves anywhere and they would remain slaves.

Northerners rejected this "right" because it would violate the right of a free state to outlaw slavery within its borders.

Breaking PointsTariffs

Tariff: tax on imports or exports (trade tariff) in and out of a country

The Democrats in Congress, controlled by Southerners, and kept reducing tariffs

The South had no complaints but the low rates

angered Northern industrialists and factory workers,

Breaking PointsThe election of Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln, 16th President (1861–1865)

The election of Lincoln in November 1860 was the final trigger for secession.

Southern leaders feared that Lincoln would stop the expansion of slavery and put it on a course toward.

South Carolina’s Hand in SuccessionSuccession: The act of leaving an organization

South Carolina did more to advance secession than any other Southern state.

It argued for states' rights for slave owners in the South All the alleged violations of the rights of Southern states were related to slavery.

With the election of Lincoln seven including South Carolina succeeded from the Union.

The elected President of the Confederate States was Jefferson Davis.

Breaking PointsFort Sumter

Fort Sumter was off the coast of South Carolina a key succession state

Lincoln refused to turn over Ft. Sumter

Jefferson Davis ordered the attack the fort.

On April 15, Lincoln then called for 75,000 troops from the states to recapture the fort and other federal property.

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas elected to join South Carolina in secession.

The Union

• Twenty-three states remained loyal to the Union

Tennessee and Louisiana were returned to Union military control early in the war.

• The territories of Colorado, Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington fought on the Union side. Several slave-holding Native American tribes supported the Confederacy, giving the Indian Territory (now Oklahoma)

Economic Hindrances on the south

• As a means to slow down the economy of the south the Union would blockade southern ports keeping goods from being shipped.

The Union’s leadership void

While the South settled on Lee the entire war…

The North went through eight commanders

They were George McClellan (twice), John Pope, Ambrose Burnside, Irvin McDowell, Joseph Hooker, George Meade,

Grant was the final General chosen to end the war, but he was disliked by the other commanders.

Grant V. Lee

Grant V. Lee Continued

• Both men come from military backgrounds.• Both served in the Mexican war.• At one point Lee was offered the position of

leading the forces of the union.• Lee was more successful in operating complex

military plans• Grant was more successful in managing large

forces.

Britain During the civil war

Britain pushed for neutrality during the war.

The confederacy hoped that with their success in the war that Britain would bring them assistance.

Mostly because of British dependence on southern cotton.

The Emancipation Proclamation An executive order issued by United States

President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863.

This ordered all the slaves to be freed in southern states.

Turning Point in the War• Gettysburg• The battle lasted three days• By the end Lee had lost a significant amount of his

forces• Lee would never get a chance again to march on

Washington.• After this point we see Sherman’s march to the sea and

the Union’s push into the south.