ospmadrid 21 patriomonio construido de espane john kunz week 3: 25 january

OSPMadrid 21

patriomonio construido de Espane

John Kunz

Week 3: 25 January

Week 3: 25 January 19

Patterns

54. Road crossing

55. Raised walk

56. Bike paths and racks

57. Children in the city

58. Carnival

59. Quiet backs

60. Accessible green

21. Four story limit

30. Activity nodes

31. Promenade

61. Small public squares

62. High places

66. Holy Ground

67. Common land

69. Public outdoor room

92. Bus stop

94. Sleeping in public

95. Building complex

96. Number of stories

125. Stair seats

163. Outdoor room


Pattern 54: Road crossing

• Problems– Cars frighten and subdue walking people– Pedestrians must be extremely visible to car drivers– Cars should slow down when they approach a pedestrian

crossing

• Pattern (only for “special” roads, not all), when pedestrians need to wait >= 2 seconds for traffic to pass– To broaden safe walking space, allow pedestrians on narrowing

of the road that allows cars on through lanes only, i.e., allow pedestrians on eliminated curbside parking lanes

– Add pedestrian islands for wide roads


Pattern 55: Raised walk

Any pedestrian path along a road carrying fast-moving cars should be about 18 inches above the road, with a low wall or railing along the edge


Pattern 56: Bike paths and racks

Build a system of bike paths: clearly marked, along local roads– Provide bike racks


Pattern 57: Children in the city

Create a network of bike paths, adjacent to homes and shops, through every neighborhood so children can roam “freely on their bikes and trikes.”


Pattern 58: Carnival

Set aside some part of town as a carnival, a space for “mad” sideshows, clowns, dancing, music, street theater, freak events, transvestites, that allow people to reveal their madness.– Put an outdoor theater at one end


Pattern 59: Quiet backs

Give buildings a quiet “back” muted from public noise. – Build wall along back so it gets sunlight– Connect it to other walks to form a network

of alleys.


Pattern 60: Accessible green

Build one open public green within three minutes’ walk – about 750 feet – of every house and workplace. – Greens >= 150 ft across, >= 60K ft2

Method to use patterns

1. Start with list of all patterns

2. Find one pattern that best describes your project

3. Note related smaller patterns

4. Select next most descriptive from all noted patterns

5. Exclude a pattern when in doubt

6. Iterate 4-5 until you have all patterns you want

7. Add own patterns

8. Change patterns if you want

As in poetry, the most interesting spaces have many (harmonious) patterns


Steele - Roots of sustainability

• Ancient history – preserve; develop slowly: – American Indian culture for millennia; Spain?– My grandparents: very thrifty farmers

• > Industrial revolution – develop quickly & deplete


“black dragons” from the Lasengmiao Power Plant , China, 2005, http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/11/14/unbelievable-pollution-in-china-yet-the-us-is-the-baddie-at-copenhagen/

Wiping smog tears, Los Angeles, 1953.http://www.aqmd.gov/news1/Archives/History/50th_photos.htm

Steele: roots of sustainability

• 1970s “Zero growth” – Population Bomb, Ehrlich – 1968– First Earth day – 1970– Limits to Growth - 1972

• 1980s Sustainability– Brandt commission North – South – 1980– Bruntland report Our Common Future promise of

environment and economic development - 1987• Discussion of values, standard of living


Sustainability

• Sustainability now links economic development with ecological (and now cultural) preservation – both economic development and ecology must

and have started to redefine their values more broadly

– To develop either indefinitely over time requires the other

• Fundamentally an ethical question: how do we want to care for those who are yet unborn?


Flessig - Smart Growth objectives: long-term health of existingcommunities --economically, environmentally, socially

• minimize impacts of new development (public infrastructure costs, congestion, air pollution, loss of agriculture land, etc.);

• provide greater accessibility and choices in how we move about from home, work, shopping and leisure activities;

• stabilize and improve the long-term financial performance for commercial and home owners;

• maximize the return from public investments in existing and new roads, schools, utilities, transit systems, bridges, waterways, etc;

• protect natural habitat and watersheds for the future; and• foster a greater sense of connection, responsibility and

continuity for citizens with their communities.


Critical components biggest “Smart-Bang-for-the-Buck”

1 . PROXIMITY TO EXISTING/FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE;

2 . MIX AND BALANCE OF USES;

3 . SITE OPTIMIZATION AND COMPACTNESS;

4 . ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES;

5 . COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND SITE DESIGN;

6 . FINED-GRAINED BLOCK, PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK;

7 . ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY;

8 . DIVERSITY;

9 . RE-USE AND REDEVELOPMENT OPTIONS;

10. PROCESS COLLABORATION AND PREDICTABILITY OF DECISIONS


1. PROXIMITY TO EXISTING/FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Factors Score

Distance to existing roads, water and sewer service

Walking distance to transit (bus, rail, etc.)

For residential uses: distance to food and convenience stores, schools, daycare, rec centers

For commercial development (employment), proximity to housing, restaurants, entertainment

Time before additional support services (shopping, schools, transit) will be available

Project located within designated development/ redevelopment area

Total score


2. MIX AND BALANCE OF USES

Factors Score

Provides a new type of development to an existing neighborhood (within 1 mile), e.g., employment, housing, retail, civic, educational, cultural, recreation

Street-level uses that generate maximum pedestrian activity (# hours open per day)

Project is mixed-use

Total


3. SITE OPTIMIZATION AND COMPACTNESS

Factors Score

Maximize allowable floor-area ratio (FAR): FAR ~ allowed max

Average number of dwelling units/acre (gross density including open space) > 14

Office project has high floor area ratio: > 1.0

Shopping center project has high floor area ratio: > 0.75

High % of "usable" open space for gathering and recreation as compared to undeveloped open areas such as parking planters and traffic islands: > 75%

Place parking in above- or below-grade structures (% of total parking in structure): 75%

Total score


4. ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES

Factors Score

Reduce vehicle mile traveled > 50%

Provide pedestrian amenities for transit

Provide direct street connections

Locate parking facilities behind the building

Facilitate connections to existing or planed parks, open space

Facilitate choices in transportation modes

Provide Park-n-ride lots

Provide van pool or car pool service

Total score


5. COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND SITE DESIGN

Factors Score

Include map of neighborhood and street connections for planning/building permit approvals

Preservation and re-use >= 75% of an existing structure

Building reflects local historical building materials, style and/or design

Treatment of façade breaks down massing, articulates depth, verticality and street edge

Scale and mass of buildings relate to neighborhood

Continuation of existing neighborhood street pattern into new project

Include strong connections all adjacent natural features such as river-ways, hiking trails

Automobiles make minimum impact on pedestrians

Total scoreWeek 3: 25 January 37

6. FINE-GRAINED BLOCK, PEDESTRIAN AND PARK NETWORK

Factors Score

Street network is based on a grid system.

Short block lengths (long-side): < 400 feet

Distance from major uses to parks: < 5 minutes

Pedestrian system connects to civic, cultural, retail/ service destinations and other paths

Hierarchy of park types and sizes

Total score


7. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Factors Score

Use water conservation systems (meters, water re-use)

Solar access considered in site design

Protect, preserve and/or restore any on-site natural features i.e. wetlands, riparian corridors, watersheds, etc.

Buffers around on/off-site natural areas

Use local regional vegetation on site

Xeriscaping, drip water systems versus sprinkling

Establish recycling program with tenants

Total score


8. DIVERSITY

Factors Score

Variety of building types & styles

Locally-owned businesses included in a project

Wide-range in pricing structure of units that will be sold or leased: >=80% priced for 80-100% of median income

Variety of densities in both residential and commercial employment unit

Vary set-backs

Vary residential lot-sizes: > 15% of development for lots < 4500 sq-ft

Available civic facilities and amenities, such as daycare, teen/senior center, cultural facility, etc

Total score


9. RE-USE AND REDEVELOPMENT OPTIONS

Factors Score

Utility lines located along access roads

Building types and structures can adapt to different uses

Span dimensions can accommodate residential & office users: retail has depth < 75’

If phasing, provide for connections to future street

Total score


10. PROCESS COLLABORATION AND PREDICTABILITY OF DECISIONS

Factors Score

Pre-design meeting with neighbors and/or city staff

Participation in district/property owner association (parking, maintenance, etc)

Contact with city staff in all key agencies (parks,transportation, economic development)

Provide computer model of project

Identify community objectives in adopted plans that are met by proposed project

Total score



Projects

Objectives:• See, experience and describe some aspect of the

Built Environment of Spain that you choose• Personally meaningful• Create some evidence that what you describe exists

– Methods: look for examples of theories we have considered or Grounded theory

• Team experience (w/partner)• Build on and explicitly use our theoretical

(Alexander, Brand, etc.) framework


Projects

Methods: • Propose (next week, 1 Feb) your project to

experience and describe some aspect of the Built Environment of Spain– Subject – Research method to collect and interpret evidence that

what you describe exists• Observe and test or Grounded theory

– Structure to explicitly use our theoretical framework

• Adapt proposal to include content of future readings• Submissions: incremental (rest of quarter) + final (last

week)

Q3

1. Photo

2. Sketch

3. Formal symbolic model of the function, form and behaviors of your project. Brief description of relationships among functions, related forms, related behaviors

4. Comment on things you liked and did not like (Plus/Delta) about behaviors you identify in your symbolic model; comment on relationships to forms and functions.

5. Architectural critic review, in the manner of one we read, i.e., in about 500 words and with 1-2 photos, summarize your project. Include provocative commentary.

6. Personal vignette.

7. Theoretical interpretation based on your interpretations of the patterns of Alexander

8. Compare your project with one that has similar functions but that was done in another country or century,

9. Smart Scorecard assessment of your project that includes your (brief) assessment of the ten critical components described on p. 6 of the Flessig reading.

10. Field notes (brief transcript, initial coding and memos) that summarize interviews of at least two local residents.

11. Briefly propose your project to experience and describe some aspect of the Built Environment of Spain. Propose a research method, using Grounded Theory, to collect and interpret evidence that what you describe exists. Propose a structure to explicitly describe your project using our theoretical framework.


http://www.epa.gov/dced/scorecards/Scorecard_expfleissigjacobsen.pdf

ospmadrid 21 patriomonio construido de espane john kunz week 3: 25 january

Documents

theorygrounded theory

thing physical

grounded theorymethod

towers form

alexander patterns

reread field notes

observable dimension

abstract object