outline introduction to application layer peer-to-peer paradigm client-server paradigm domain...
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Outline Introduction to Application Layer
Peer-to-peer paradigm Client-server paradigm
Domain Name System (DNS) Flat-naming vs hierarchical-naming DNS Protocol
World Wide Web (WWW) WWW Architecture Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Multimedia Voice over IP (VoIP)
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Peer-to-peer Paradigm
• The protocol machines are the same at both sides The same state-flow diagram
The same set of tasks and responsibilities
The same set of capabilities
• Forms the basis of telephone network
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Client-server Paradigm
• The tasks, capabilities and protocol machines are different at each side.
• Client-side requests service, Server-side provides service.
• Forms the basis of computer networks
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Flat Name Space: Each host in the network is unique and independent from each other.
Hierarchical Name Space: Host have a composite names that are all hierarchically organised.
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Part of the DNS name space showing the division into zones.
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Domain Name System (DNS)
Part of the DNS name space showing the division into zones.
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 25.10 Inverse domain
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 25.11 Recursive resolution
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 25.12 Iterative resolution
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 25.13 Query and response messages
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Domain Name System (DNS)
•Either TCP or UDP protocols can be used to transport DNS messages :
If the DNS response is less than 512 bytes, UDP is used Otherwise, a TCP connection must be set up. In either case, port 53 is used by the DNS server.
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WWW Architecture
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Figure 27.14 Categories of Web documents
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Figure 27.15 Static document
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Figure 27.19 Dynamic document
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Figure 27.20 Active document
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 27.1 HTTP transaction
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Figure 27.8 Headers
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Figure 27.9 Example 1
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Figure 27.10 Example 2
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Figure 27.10 Example 2
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Figure 28.14 Time relationship
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Figure 28.15 Jitter
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McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
Figure 28.16 Timestamp
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Figure 28.1 Internet audio/video
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Voice over IP
The H323 architectural model for Internet telephony.
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Voice over IP (2)
The H323 protocol stack.
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Figure 28.26 H.323 example
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SIP – The Session Initiation Protocol
The SIP methods defined in the core specification.
Figure 28.21 SIP address formats
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Figure 28.23 Tracking the callee
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Comparison of H.323 and SIP