owego apalachin central school district january 8, … · 2014-01-26 · owego apalachin central...
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OWEGO APALACHIN CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT OWEGO, NY
January 8, 2009
SCIENCE 7 CURRICULUM
PROPOSAL: It is proposed that the Board of Education adopt the Science 7 Curriculum for students in the Owego Apalachin Central School District.
DISTRICT There are no additional monies required beyond those currently COMMITMENT: budgeted for in the 2008 - 2009 school year.
RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that the Board of Education adopt the Science 7 Curriculum for students in the Owego Apalachin Central School District.
PREPARED BY: John Heath, Owego Apalachin Middle School Scott Senko, Owego Apalachin Middle School Nancy Flynn, Owego Apalachin Middle School (Consultant)
PROCESSED BY: Bernard C. Dolan, Jr. Associate Superintendent
RECOMMENDED BY:
Dr. William C. Russell Superintendent of Schools
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: Sc
ient
ific
Inqu
iry
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 1
D
urat
ion:
4
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls: N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
1: A
naly
sis,
Inqu
iry, a
nd D
esig
n
Key
Idea
1:
The
cent
ral p
urpo
se o
f sci
entif
ic in
quiry
is to
dev
elop
exp
lana
tions
of n
atur
al p
heno
men
a in
a c
ontin
uing
, cre
ativ
e pr
oces
s.
S1.
1 F
orm
ulat
e qu
estio
ns in
depe
nden
tly w
ith th
e ai
d of
refe
renc
es a
ppro
pria
te fo
r gui
ding
the
sear
ch fo
r exp
lana
tions
of e
very
day
obse
rvat
ions
.S
1.1a
form
ulat
e qu
estio
ns a
bout
nat
ural
phe
nom
ena
S1.
1b id
entif
y ap
prop
riate
refe
renc
es to
inve
stig
ate
a qu
estio
n S
1.1c
refin
e an
d cl
arify
que
stio
ns s
o th
at th
ey a
re s
ubje
ct to
sci
entif
ic in
vest
igat
ion
S1.
2 C
onst
ruct
exp
lana
tions
inde
pend
ently
for n
atur
al p
heno
men
a, e
spec
ially
by
prop
osin
g pr
elim
inar
y vi
sual
mod
els
of p
heno
men
a.S
1.2a
inde
pend
ently
form
ulat
e a
hypo
thes
is
S1.
2b p
ropo
se a
mod
el o
f a n
atur
al p
heno
men
on
S1.
2c d
iffer
entia
te a
mon
g ob
serv
atio
ns, i
nfer
ence
s, p
redi
ctio
ns, a
nd e
xpla
natio
ns
S1.
3 R
epre
sent
, pre
sent
, and
def
end
thei
r pro
pose
d ex
plan
atio
ns o
f eve
ryda
y ob
serv
atio
ns s
o th
at th
ey c
an b
e un
ders
tood
and
as
sess
ed b
y ot
hers
. S
1.4
See
k to
cla
rify,
to a
sses
s cr
itica
lly, a
nd to
reco
ncile
with
thei
r ow
n th
inki
ng th
e id
eas
pres
ente
d by
oth
ers,
incl
udin
g pe
ers,
te
ache
rs, a
utho
rs, a
nd s
cien
tists
.
Key
Idea
2:B
eyon
d th
e us
e of
reas
onin
g an
d co
nsen
sus,
sci
entif
ic in
quiry
invo
lves
the
test
ing
of p
ropo
sed
expl
anat
ions
invo
lvin
g th
e us
e of
con
vent
iona
l tec
hniq
ues
and
proc
edur
es a
nd u
sual
ly re
quiri
ng c
onsi
dera
ble
inge
nuity
. S
2.1
Use
con
vent
iona
l tec
hniq
ues
and
thos
e of
thei
r ow
n de
sign
to m
ake
furth
er o
bser
vatio
ns a
nd re
fine
thei
r exp
lana
tions
, gui
ded
by
a ne
ed fo
r mor
e in
form
atio
n.
S2.
1a d
emon
stra
te a
ppro
pria
te s
afet
y te
chni
ques
S
2.1b
con
duct
an
expe
rimen
t des
igne
d by
oth
ers
S2.
1c d
esig
n an
d co
nduc
t an
expe
rimen
t to
test
a h
ypot
hesi
s S
2.1d
use
app
ropr
iate
tool
s an
d co
nven
tiona
l tec
hniq
ues
to s
olve
pro
blem
s ab
out t
he n
atur
al w
orld
, inc
ludi
ng: m
easu
ring,
obs
ervi
ng,
desc
ribin
g, c
lass
ifyin
g, s
eque
ncin
g S
2.2
Dev
elop
, pre
sent
, and
def
end
form
al re
sear
ch p
ropo
sals
for t
estin
g th
eir o
wn
expl
anat
ions
of c
omm
on p
heno
men
a, in
clud
ing
way
s of
obt
aini
ng n
eede
d ob
serv
atio
ns a
nd w
ays
of c
ondu
ctin
g si
mpl
e co
ntro
lled
expe
rimen
ts.
S2.
2a in
clud
e ap
prop
riate
saf
ety
proc
edur
es
S2.
2b d
esig
n sc
ient
ific
inve
stig
atio
ns (e
.g.,
obse
rvin
g, d
escr
ibin
g, a
nd c
ompa
ring;
col
lect
ing
sam
ples
; see
king
mor
e in
form
atio
n,co
nduc
ting
a co
ntro
lled
expe
rimen
t; di
scov
erin
g ne
w o
bjec
ts o
r phe
nom
ena;
mak
ing
mod
els)
S
2.2c
des
ign
a si
mpl
e co
ntro
lled
expe
rimen
t S
2.2d
iden
tify
inde
pend
ent v
aria
bles
(man
ipul
ated
), de
pend
ent v
aria
bles
(res
pond
ing)
, and
con
stan
ts in
a s
impl
e co
ntro
lled
expe
rimen
tS
2.2e
cho
ose
appr
opria
te s
ampl
e si
ze a
nd n
umbe
r of t
rials
S
2.3
Car
ry o
ut th
eir r
esea
rch
prop
osal
s, re
cord
ing
obse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts (e
.g.,
lab
note
s, a
udio
tape
, com
pute
r dis
k,
vide
otap
e) to
hel
p as
sess
the
expl
anat
ion.
S
2.3a
use
app
ropr
iate
saf
ety
proc
edur
es
S2.
3b c
ondu
ct a
sci
entif
ic in
vest
igat
ion
S2.
3c c
olle
ct q
uant
itativ
e an
d qu
alita
tive
data
Key
Idea
3: T
he o
bser
vatio
ns m
ade
whi
le te
stin
g pr
opos
ed e
xpla
natio
ns, w
hen
anal
yzed
usi
ng c
onve
ntio
nal a
nd in
vent
ed m
etho
ds,
prov
ide
new
insi
ghts
into
phe
nom
ena.
S
3.1
Des
ign
char
ts, t
able
s, g
raph
s, a
nd o
ther
repr
esen
tatio
ns o
f obs
erva
tions
in c
onve
ntio
nal a
nd c
reat
ive
way
s to
hel
p th
em a
ddre
ssth
eir r
esea
rch
ques
tion
or h
ypot
hesi
s.
S3.
1a o
rgan
ize
resu
lts, u
sing
app
ropr
iate
gra
phs,
dia
gram
s, d
ata
tabl
es, a
nd o
ther
mod
els
to s
how
rela
tions
hips
S
3.1b
gen
erat
e an
d us
e sc
ales
, cre
ate
lege
nds,
and
app
ropr
iate
ly la
bel a
xes
S3.
2 I
nter
pret
the
orga
nize
d da
ta to
ans
wer
the
rese
arch
que
stio
n or
hyp
othe
sis
and
to g
ain
insi
ght i
nto
the
prob
lem
. S
3.2a
acc
urat
ely
desc
ribe
the
proc
edur
es u
sed
and
the
data
gat
here
d S
3.2b
iden
tify
sour
ces
of e
rror a
nd th
e lim
itatio
ns o
f dat
a co
llect
ed
S3.
2c e
valu
ate
the
orig
inal
hyp
othe
sis
in li
ght o
f the
dat
a
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Sci
ence
is th
e st
udy
of th
e na
tura
l wor
ld.
� S
cien
tific
inqu
iry is
a p
roce
ss th
at is
use
d to
ask
que
stio
ns,
seek
ans
wer
s, a
nd d
evel
op s
olut
ions
. �
Obs
erva
tions
can
be
mad
e ab
out t
he n
atur
al w
orld
usi
ng a
va
riety
of t
ools
and
tech
niqu
es.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat i
s sc
ienc
e an
d ho
w d
o w
e us
e it
in o
ur li
ves?
�
How
are
sci
entif
ic q
uest
ions
ans
wer
ed?
� W
hat m
akes
a g
ood
hypo
thes
is?
� H
ow d
o w
e m
ake
obse
rvat
ions
abo
ut th
e na
tura
l wor
ld?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� S
cien
ce is
the
stud
y of
the
natu
ral w
orld
. �
A h
ypot
hesi
s is
a te
stab
le p
redi
ctio
n ab
out a
n ex
perim
ent.
� In
vest
igat
ions
are
com
plet
ed to
test
a h
ypot
hesi
s.
� V
aria
bles
are
the
parts
of a
n ex
perim
ent t
hat c
an b
e ch
ange
d.�
Obs
erva
tions
can
be
qual
itativ
e or
qua
ntita
tive.
�
Infe
renc
e is
a p
ossi
ble
expl
anat
ion
abou
t an
obse
rvat
ion.
�
How
sci
entif
ic id
eas
prog
ress
from
hyp
othe
sis
to th
eory
to
law
.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� W
rite
a go
od h
ypot
hesi
s fo
llow
ing
the
if, th
en, b
ecau
se
form
at.
� M
anip
ulat
e va
riabl
es in
a c
ontro
lled
expe
rimen
t. �
Mak
e in
fere
nces
bas
ed o
n th
eir o
bser
vatio
ns.
� A
ccur
atel
y m
easu
re le
ngth
, vol
ume,
and
mas
s us
ing
a va
riety
of t
ools
. �
Cre
ate
line
and
bar g
raph
s to
dis
play
and
ana
lyze
dat
a.
� D
raw
con
clus
ions
bas
ed o
n th
eir r
esul
ts a
nd th
eir s
cien
tific
kn
owle
dge.
�
Iden
tify
poss
ible
sou
rces
of e
rror
dur
ing
an e
xper
imen
t.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Ski
lls A
sses
smen
t �
Sci
entif
ic d
isco
verie
s an
d in
vent
ions
tim
elin
e �
Slo
wes
t Hel
icop
ter L
ab
� To
o Fu
ll G
lass
Act
ivity
�
Sal
t and
Fre
sh W
ater
Act
ivity
�
Obs
erva
tion
Lab
(mys
tery
bag
s)
� M
easu
ring
stat
ions
�
Inqu
iry L
ab (p
endu
lum
, met
er s
tick
drop
) �
Gra
phin
g La
b
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Ski
lls a
sses
smen
t �
Mea
surin
g no
tes
and
prac
tice
� W
hat i
s sc
ienc
e? (
note
s &
dis
cuss
ion)
�
Tim
elin
e ac
tivity
�
Mak
ing
obse
rvat
ions
and
infe
renc
es (c
arto
on a
naly
sis)
�
Mys
tery
bag
s ac
tivity
�
Obs
erva
tion
Qui
z �
Slo
wes
t hel
icop
ter i
n cl
ass
� To
o Fu
ll G
lass
Act
ivity
�
Sci
entif
ic in
quiry
(not
es &
dis
cuss
ion)
�
Sal
t and
fres
h w
ater
act
ivity
�
Inqu
iry L
ab (p
endu
lum
, met
er s
tick
drop
) �
Sci
entif
ic in
quiry
ass
essm
ent
� G
raph
ing
prac
tice
and
hom
ewor
k �
Uni
t tes
t
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: C
hem
ical
and
Phy
sica
l Pro
pert
ies
of M
atte
r
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 2
D
urat
ion:
6
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
3: M
atte
r is
mad
e up
of p
artic
les
who
se p
rope
rties
det
erm
ine
the
obse
rvab
le c
hara
cter
istic
s of
mat
ter a
nd it
s re
activ
ity.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
3.1a
Sub
stan
ces
have
cha
ract
eris
tic p
rope
rties
. Som
e of
thes
e pr
oper
ties
incl
ude
colo
r, od
or, p
hase
at r
oom
tem
pera
ture
, den
sity
,so
lubi
lity,
hea
t and
ele
ctric
al c
ondu
ctiv
ity, h
ardn
ess,
and
boi
ling
and
freez
ing
poin
ts.
3.1c
The
mot
ion
of p
artic
les
help
s to
exp
lain
the
phas
es (s
tate
s) o
f mat
ter a
s w
ell a
s ch
ange
s fro
m o
ne p
hase
to a
noth
er. T
he p
hase
in
whi
ch m
atte
r exi
sts
depe
nds
on th
e at
tract
ive
forc
es a
mon
g its
par
ticle
s.
3.1d
Gas
es h
ave
neith
er a
det
erm
ined
sha
pe n
or a
def
inite
vol
ume.
Gas
es a
ssum
e th
e sh
ape
and
volu
me
of a
clo
sed
cont
aine
r. 3.
1e A
liqu
id h
as d
efin
ite v
olum
e, b
ut ta
kes
the
shap
e of
a c
onta
iner
. 3.
1f A
sol
id h
as d
efin
ite s
hape
and
vol
ume.
Par
ticle
s re
sist
a c
hang
e in
pos
ition
. 3.
1g C
hara
cter
istic
pro
perti
es c
an b
e us
ed to
iden
tify
diffe
rent
mat
eria
ls, a
nd s
epar
ate
a m
ixtu
re o
f sub
stan
ces
into
its
com
pone
nts.
For
ex
ampl
e, ir
on c
an b
e re
mov
ed fr
om a
mix
ture
by
mea
ns o
f a m
agne
t. A
n in
solu
ble
subs
tanc
e ca
n be
sep
arat
ed fr
om a
sol
uble
su
bsta
nce
by s
uch
proc
esse
s as
filtr
atio
n, s
ettli
ng, a
nd e
vapo
ratio
n.
3.1h
Den
sity
can
be
desc
ribed
as
the
amou
nt o
f mat
ter t
hat i
s in
a g
iven
am
ount
of s
pace
. If t
wo
obje
cts
have
equ
al v
olum
e, b
ut o
ne
has
mor
e m
ass,
the
one
with
mor
e m
ass
is d
ense
r. 3.
2a D
urin
g a
phys
ical
cha
nge
a su
bsta
nce
keep
s its
che
mic
al c
ompo
sitio
n an
d pr
oper
ties.
Exa
mpl
es o
f phy
sica
l cha
nges
incl
ude
freez
ing,
mel
ting,
con
dens
atio
n, b
oilin
g, e
vapo
ratio
n, te
arin
g, a
nd c
rush
ing.
3.
2b M
ixtu
res
are
phys
ical
com
bina
tions
of m
ater
ials
and
can
be
sepa
rate
d by
phy
sica
l mea
ns.
3.2c
Dur
ing
a ch
emic
al c
hang
e, s
ubst
ance
s re
act i
n ch
arac
teris
tic w
ays
to fo
rm n
ew s
ubst
ance
s w
ith d
iffer
ent p
hysi
cal a
nd c
hem
ical
prop
ertie
s. E
xam
ples
of c
hem
ical
cha
nges
incl
ude
burn
ing
of w
ood,
coo
king
of a
n eg
g, ru
stin
g of
iron
, and
sou
ring
of m
ilk.
3.2d
Sub
stan
ces
are
ofte
n pl
aced
in c
ateg
orie
s if
they
reac
t in
sim
ilar w
ays.
Exa
mpl
es in
clud
e m
etal
s, n
onm
etal
s, a
nd n
oble
gas
es.
3.2e
The
Law
of C
onse
rvat
ion
of M
ass
stat
es th
at d
urin
g an
ord
inar
y ch
emic
al re
actio
n m
atte
r can
not b
e cr
eate
d or
des
troye
d. In
chem
ical
reac
tions
, the
tota
l mas
s of
the
reac
tant
s eq
uals
the
tota
l mas
s of
the
prod
ucts
.
3.3b
Ato
ms
and
mol
ecul
es a
re p
erpe
tual
ly in
mot
ion.
The
gre
ater
the
tem
pera
ture
, the
gre
ater
the
mot
ion.
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.3a
In c
hem
ical
reac
tions
, ene
rgy
is tr
ansf
erre
d in
to o
r out
of a
sys
tem
. Lig
ht, e
lect
ricity
, or m
echa
nica
l mot
ion
may
be
invo
lved
in s
uch
trans
fers
in a
dditi
on to
hea
t.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Sub
stan
ces
have
iden
tifia
ble
prop
ertie
s th
at c
an b
e us
ed
for c
lass
ifica
tion
and
iden
tific
atio
n.
� S
ubst
ance
s re
act i
n pr
edic
tabl
e w
ays
base
d on
thei
r ch
emic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
. �
Che
mic
al re
actio
ns c
an b
e al
tere
d by
mak
ing
chan
ges
to
the
varia
bles
invo
lved
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat a
re th
e ch
emic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
of m
atte
r?
� H
ow a
nd w
hy d
oes
mat
ter c
hang
e?
� W
hat c
an b
e do
ne to
influ
ence
che
mic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal
chan
ges
in m
atte
r?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� Th
e ch
emic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
of m
atte
r. �
The
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n ch
emic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal c
hang
es.
� Th
e st
ates
of m
atte
r. �
The
sign
s th
at a
che
mic
al re
actio
n ha
s oc
curr
ed.
� Th
e w
ays
to c
hang
e th
e ra
te o
f a re
actio
n.
� Th
e pa
rts o
f a c
hem
ical
reac
tion
incl
udin
g re
acta
nts
and
prod
ucts
.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� D
escr
ibe
mat
ter b
ased
on
its c
hem
ical
and
phy
sica
l pr
oper
ties.
� P
erfo
rm in
vest
igat
ions
to d
eter
min
e th
e ph
ysic
al a
nd
chem
ical
pro
perti
es o
f mat
ter.
� Id
entif
y su
bsta
nces
usi
ng th
eir c
hem
ical
and
phy
sica
l pr
oper
ties.
� D
escr
ibe
the
parti
cles
of m
atte
r in
solid
s, li
quid
s, a
nd
gase
s.�
Rec
ogni
ze c
hem
ical
reac
tions
bas
ed o
n th
e si
gns
that
a
chem
ical
reac
tion
has
occu
rred
. �
Iden
tify
the
prod
ucts
and
reac
tant
s in
a c
hem
ical
reac
tion.
�
Pre
dict
the
prod
ucts
of s
impl
e ch
emic
al re
actio
ns
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Can
dy O
bser
vatio
ns
� O
oble
ck, I
s it
a so
lid o
r a li
quid
? �
Hea
ting
a G
as L
ab
� M
eltin
g an
Ice
Cub
e
� S
olub
ility
Lab
� O
bser
ving
Che
mic
al R
eact
ions
�
Gas
Pro
duct
ion
Lab
- “C
andl
e La
b”
� U
nkno
wn
Iden
tific
atio
n La
b �
Exo
/End
othe
rmic
Lab
�
Pre
cipi
tate
Lab
�
Rat
e of
Rea
ctio
n La
b
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� M
atte
r Not
es
� O
oble
ck L
ab
� H
eatin
g a
Gas
Lab
�
Mat
ter Q
uiz
� P
hysi
cal P
rope
rties
and
Cha
nges
Not
es
� M
eltin
g an
Ice
Cub
e �
Can
dy O
bser
vatio
ns L
ab
� D
esig
n an
Exp
erim
ent “
Can
dy L
ab”
� S
olub
ility
Lab
� P
hysi
cal P
rope
rties
and
Cha
nges
Qui
z �
Che
mic
al P
rope
rties
and
Cha
nges
Not
es
� O
bser
ving
Che
mic
al R
eact
ions
�
Gas
Pro
duct
ion
Lab
� E
xo/E
ndot
herm
ic L
ab
� P
reci
pita
te L
ab
� U
nkno
wn
Iden
tific
atio
n La
b �
Che
mic
al P
rope
rties
and
Cha
nges
Qui
z �
Rat
e of
Rea
ctio
n N
otes
�
Rat
e of
Rea
ctio
n La
b �
Uni
t Tes
t
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: A
tom
s, E
lem
ents
& th
e Pe
riodi
c Ta
ble
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 3
D
urat
ion:
4
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
3: M
atte
r is
mad
e up
of p
artic
les
who
se p
rope
rties
det
erm
ine
the
obse
rvab
le c
hara
cter
istic
s of
mat
ter a
nd it
s re
activ
ity.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
3.2d
Sub
stan
ces
are
ofte
n pl
aced
in c
ateg
orie
s if
they
reac
t in
sim
ilar w
ays.
Exa
mpl
es in
clud
e m
etal
s, n
onm
etal
s, a
nd n
oble
gas
es.
3.2e
The
Law
of C
onse
rvat
ion
of M
ass
stat
es th
at d
urin
g an
ord
inar
y ch
emic
al re
actio
n m
atte
r can
not b
e cr
eate
d or
des
troye
d. In
chem
ical
reac
tions
, the
tota
l mas
s of
the
reac
tant
s eq
uals
the
tota
l mas
s of
the
prod
ucts
. 3.
3a A
ll m
atte
r is
mad
e up
of a
tom
s. A
tom
s ar
e fa
r too
sm
all t
o se
e w
ith a
ligh
t mic
rosc
ope.
3.
3b A
tom
s an
d m
olec
ules
are
per
petu
ally
in m
otio
n. T
he g
reat
er th
e te
mpe
ratu
re, t
he g
reat
er th
e m
otio
n.
3.3c
Ato
ms
may
join
toge
ther
in w
ell-d
efin
ed m
olec
ules
or m
ay b
e ar
rang
ed in
regu
lar g
eom
etric
pat
tern
s.
3.3d
Inte
ract
ions
am
ong
atom
s an
d/or
mol
ecul
es re
sult
in c
hem
ical
reac
tions
. 3.
3e T
he a
tom
s of
any
one
ele
men
t are
diff
eren
t fro
m th
e at
oms
of o
ther
ele
men
ts.
3.3f
The
re a
re m
ore
than
100
ele
men
ts. E
lem
ents
com
bine
in a
mul
titud
e of
way
s to
pro
duce
com
poun
ds th
at a
ccou
nt fo
r all
livin
g an
d no
nliv
ing
subs
tanc
es. F
ew e
lem
ents
are
foun
d in
thei
r pur
e fo
rm.
3.3g
The
per
iodi
c ta
ble
is o
ne u
sefu
l mod
el fo
r cla
ssify
ing
elem
ents
. The
per
iodi
c ta
ble
can
be u
sed
to p
redi
ct p
rope
rties
of e
lem
ents
(met
als,
non
met
als,
nob
le g
ases
).
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
All
mat
ter i
s m
ade
of a
tom
s.
� Th
ere
are
man
y di
ffere
nt e
lem
ents
that
hav
e sp
ecifi
c ch
emic
al a
nd p
hysi
cal p
rope
rties
. �
Ele
men
ts c
an b
e ar
rang
ed in
to c
ompo
unds
that
acc
ount
for
all k
now
n su
bsta
nces
. �
The
perio
dic
tabl
e ca
n be
use
d to
iden
tify,
cla
ssify
, and
m
ake
pred
ictio
ns a
bout
ele
men
ts.
� D
urin
g ch
emic
al re
actio
ns, m
atte
r can
not b
e cr
eate
d or
de
stro
yed.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat a
re th
e bu
ildin
g bl
ocks
that
mak
e up
all
mat
ter?
�
How
and
why
do
we
use
the
perio
dic
tabl
e of
the
elem
ents
? �
How
do
a lim
ited
num
ber o
f ele
men
ts a
ccou
nt fo
r an
unlim
ited
amou
nt o
f div
ersi
ty in
the
univ
erse
? �
How
is m
atte
r con
serv
ed d
urin
g a
chem
ical
reac
tion?
�
Whe
re d
o w
e se
e el
emen
ts a
nd c
ompo
unds
use
d in
our
liv
es?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� A
tom
s ar
e m
ade
of p
roto
ns, n
eutro
ns a
nd e
lect
rons
. �
Diff
eren
t kin
ds o
f ato
ms
are
calle
d el
emen
ts.
� E
lem
ents
are
the
sim
ples
t for
m o
f mat
ter.
� E
lem
ents
are
org
aniz
ed in
the
perio
dic
tabl
e ac
cord
ing
to
thei
r pro
perti
es.
� P
atte
rns
in th
e pe
riodi
c ta
ble.
o
Gro
ups,
per
iods
, met
als,
non
met
als
� Th
e ar
rang
emen
t of p
roto
ns, n
eutro
ns a
nd e
lect
rons
in a
n at
om.
� Th
e im
porta
nce
of v
alan
ce e
lect
rons
. �
How
and
why
che
mic
al b
onds
are
form
ed.
� La
w o
f Con
serv
atio
n of
Mas
s
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� R
ead
and
inte
rpre
t the
per
iodi
c ta
ble
of th
e el
emen
ts.
� D
raw
ato
m m
odel
s in
clud
ing
elec
trons
, pro
tons
and
ne
utro
ns.
� R
ead
and
draw
ele
ctro
n do
t dia
gram
s.
� R
ead
and
writ
e ch
emic
al fo
rmul
as a
nd e
quat
ions
. �
Pre
dict
che
mic
al b
ondi
ng b
ased
on
mod
els,
dra
win
gs, o
r th
e pe
riodi
c ta
ble.
�
Bal
ance
sim
ple
chem
ical
equ
atio
ns b
ased
on
the
law
of
cons
erva
tion
of m
ass.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Flam
e Te
st L
ab
� B
uild
ing
atom
mod
els
� P
erio
dic
tabl
e sc
aven
ger h
unt “
Who
am
I?”
� A
lien
perio
dic
tabl
e �
Per
iodi
c ta
ble
proj
ect
� M
ixtu
res,
ele
men
ts a
nd c
ompo
unds
lab
� B
ondi
ng c
ard
gam
e �
Con
serv
atio
n of
Mas
s La
b o
Vin
egar
, bak
ing
soda
, bal
loon
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� Fl
ame
Test
Dem
onst
ratio
n �
Ato
ms
and
Ele
men
ts n
otes
�
Ato
m m
odel
dra
win
gs (i
n cl
ass
activ
ity a
nd h
omew
ork)
�
Bui
ldin
g at
om m
odel
s �
Ato
ms
and
Ele
men
ts Q
uiz
� P
erio
dic
tabl
e (n
otes
) �
Per
iodi
c ta
ble
scav
enge
r hun
t (in
cla
ss a
ctiv
ity)
� P
erio
dic
tabl
e tre
nds
(not
es)
� A
lien
perio
dic
tabl
e (in
cla
ss a
ctiv
ity)
� P
erio
dic
Tabl
e Q
uiz
� V
alen
ce e
lect
rons
and
ele
ctro
n do
t dia
gram
s (n
otes
and
hom
ewor
k)
� C
hem
ical
bon
ding
(not
es a
nd h
omew
ork)
�
Che
mic
al b
ondi
ng c
ard
gam
e (in
cla
ss a
ctiv
ity)
� C
hem
ical
com
poun
ds (n
otes
and
hom
ewor
k)
� M
ixtu
res,
Ele
men
ts, a
nd C
ompo
unds
Lab
�
Che
mic
al b
ondi
ng a
nd c
ompo
unds
Qui
z �
Che
mic
al e
quat
ions
(not
es a
nd h
omew
ork)
�
Che
mic
al e
quat
ions
car
d ga
me
(in c
lass
act
ivity
) �
Law
of C
onse
rvat
ion
of M
ass
(not
es)
� C
onse
rvat
ion
of M
ass
Lab
� P
erio
dic
Tabl
e P
roje
ct
� U
nit T
est
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: A
cids
, Bas
es &
Sol
utio
ns
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 4
D
urat
ion:
4
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
3: M
atte
r is
mad
e up
of p
artic
les
who
se p
rope
rties
det
erm
ine
the
obse
rvab
le c
hara
cter
istic
s of
mat
ter a
nd it
s re
activ
ity.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
3.1a
Sub
stan
ces
have
cha
ract
eris
tic p
rope
rties
. Som
e of
thes
e pr
oper
ties
incl
ude
colo
r, od
or, p
hase
at r
oom
tem
pera
ture
, den
sity
,so
lubi
lity,
hea
t and
ele
ctric
al c
ondu
ctiv
ity, h
ardn
ess,
and
boi
ling
and
freez
ing
poin
ts.
3.1b
Sol
ubilit
y ca
n be
affe
cted
by
the
natu
re o
f the
sol
ute
and
solv
ent,
tem
pera
ture
, and
pre
ssur
e. T
he ra
te o
f sol
utio
n ca
n be
affe
cted
by
the
size
of t
he p
artic
les,
stir
ring,
tem
pera
ture
, and
the
amou
nt o
f sol
ute
alre
ady
diss
olve
d.
3.1g
Cha
ract
eris
tic p
rope
rties
can
be
used
to id
entif
y di
ffere
nt m
ater
ials
, and
sep
arat
e a
mix
ture
of s
ubst
ance
s in
to it
s co
mpo
nent
s. F
or
exam
ple,
iron
can
be
rem
oved
from
a m
ixtu
re b
y m
eans
of a
mag
net.
An
inso
lubl
e su
bsta
nce
can
be s
epar
ated
from
a s
olub
le
subs
tanc
e by
suc
h pr
oces
ses
as fi
ltrat
ion,
set
tling
, and
eva
pora
tion.
3.
2b M
ixtu
res
are
phys
ical
com
bina
tions
of m
ater
ials
and
can
be
sepa
rate
d by
phy
sica
l mea
ns.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
A m
ixtu
re is
mad
e up
of t
wo
or m
ore
com
poun
ds th
at c
an
be s
epar
ated
by
phys
ical
mea
ns.
� S
olub
ility
is d
eter
min
ed b
y a
varie
ty o
f fac
tors
incl
udin
g te
mpe
ratu
re, p
ress
ure,
and
sur
face
are
a.
� Th
e pH
sca
le is
use
d to
mea
sure
aci
ds a
nd b
ases
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow c
an m
ixtu
res
and
solu
tions
be
sepa
rate
d?
� W
hat a
re th
e fa
ctor
s th
at in
fluen
ce s
olub
ility?
�
Wha
t are
aci
ds a
nd b
ases
, and
how
are
they
use
d in
our
liv
es?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� A
mix
ture
is m
ade
up o
f tw
o or
mor
e su
bsta
nces
that
hav
e no
t che
mic
ally
com
bine
d.
� A
sol
utio
n is
a m
ixtu
re th
at h
as th
e sa
me
prop
ertie
s th
roug
hout
.�
Sol
utio
n co
ntai
ns a
sol
vent
and
a s
olut
e.
� C
once
ntra
tion
mea
sure
s th
e am
ount
of s
olut
e in
a s
olut
ion.
�
Sol
ubili
ty c
an b
e af
fect
ed b
y ch
angi
ng te
mpe
ratu
re o
r su
rface
are
a.
� Th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
acid
s an
d ba
ses.
�
Indi
cato
rs c
an b
e us
ed to
det
erm
ine
the
pH o
f a s
ubst
ance
. �
The
effe
cts
of a
cid
rain
on
the
envi
ronm
ent.
� Th
e ro
le o
f pH
in th
e di
gest
ion
of fo
od.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� P
hysi
cally
sep
arat
e a
mix
ture
�
Mea
sure
pH
usi
ng a
var
iety
of i
ndic
ator
s.
� Id
entif
y co
mm
on a
cids
and
bas
es.
� M
anip
ulat
e pH
usi
ng v
ario
us s
olut
ions
. �
Influ
ence
the
solu
bilit
y of
mat
eria
ls.
� Id
entif
y th
e so
lute
and
sol
vent
in a
sol
utio
n.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Sol
ubilit
y La
b �
Gro
win
g C
ryst
als
� S
epar
atin
g M
ixtu
res
Lab
� M
easu
ring
pH L
ab
� S
wim
min
g P
ool A
ctiv
ity
� A
ntac
id L
ab
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� M
ixtu
res
and
Sol
utio
ns (n
otes
) �
Sep
arat
ing
Mix
ture
s La
b �
Sol
ubilit
y (n
otes
and
dem
onst
ratio
n)
� S
olub
ility
Lab
� G
row
ing
Cry
stal
s �
Aci
d an
d B
ase
(not
es a
nd h
omew
ork)
�
pH In
dica
tor D
emon
stra
tion
� M
easu
ring
pH L
ab
� S
wim
min
g P
ool A
ctiv
ity
� S
olut
ions
and
pH
Qui
z �
Aci
d R
ain
(rea
ding
and
not
es)
� D
iges
tion
(rea
ding
and
not
es)
� A
ntac
id L
ab
� U
nit T
est
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: Fo
rces
& M
otio
n
#/
Plac
emen
t of U
nit:
5
Dur
atio
n:
5 w
eeks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
5: E
nerg
y an
d m
atte
r int
erac
t thr
ough
forc
es th
at re
sult
in c
hang
es in
mot
ion
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
5.1b
The
mot
ion
of a
n ob
ject
can
be
desc
ribed
by
its p
ositi
on, d
irect
ion
of m
otio
n, a
nd s
peed
. 5.
1c A
n ob
ject
’s m
otio
n is
the
resu
lt of
the
com
bine
d ef
fect
of a
ll fo
rces
act
ing
on th
e ob
ject
. A m
ovin
g ob
ject
that
is n
ot s
ubje
cted
to a
fo
rce
will
cont
inue
to m
ove
at a
con
stan
t spe
ed in
a s
traig
ht li
ne. A
n ob
ject
at r
est w
ill re
mai
n at
rest
. 5.
1d F
orce
is d
irect
ly re
late
d to
an
obje
ct’s
mas
s an
d ac
cele
ratio
n. T
he g
reat
er th
e fo
rce,
the
grea
ter t
he c
hang
e in
mot
ion.
5.
1e F
or e
very
act
ion
ther
e is
an
equa
l and
opp
osite
reac
tion.
5.
2a E
very
obj
ect e
xerts
gra
vita
tiona
l for
ce o
n ev
ery
othe
r obj
ect.
Gra
vita
tiona
l for
ce d
epen
ds o
n ho
w m
uch
mas
s th
e ob
ject
s ha
ve a
nd
on h
ow fa
r apa
rt th
ey a
re. G
ravi
ty is
one
of t
he fo
rces
act
ing
on o
rbiti
ng o
bjec
ts a
nd p
roje
ctile
s.
5.2d
Fric
tion
is a
forc
e th
at o
ppos
es m
otio
n.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Mot
ion
is c
onst
antly
occ
urrin
g in
the
univ
erse
in a
var
iety
of
form
s.�
Cha
nges
in m
otio
n ar
e ca
used
by
the
inte
ract
ion
of fo
rces
an
d m
atte
r. �
New
ton’
s th
ree
law
s of
mot
ion
gove
rn a
ll m
ovem
ent i
n th
e un
iver
se.
� M
otio
n ca
n be
qua
ntifi
ed u
sing
var
ious
mat
hem
atic
al
form
ulas
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow d
o yo
u kn
ow th
at s
omet
hing
is m
ovin
g?
� H
ow a
re m
otio
n an
d fo
rces
rela
ted?
�
Wha
t mot
ions
do
you
see
cons
tant
ly o
ccur
ring
in th
e w
orld
ar
ound
you
?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� A
refe
renc
e po
int i
s ne
cess
ary
to o
bser
ve m
otio
n.
� O
bjec
ts a
lway
s ha
ve fo
rces
act
ing
on th
em.
� Th
e ne
t for
ce o
n an
obj
ect d
eter
min
es m
otio
n.
� W
hen
forc
es a
re e
qual
and
opp
osite
, the
y ar
e ca
lled
bala
nced
forc
es.
� A
bsol
ute
mot
ion
or re
st is
mis
lead
ing.
�
Obj
ects
in m
otio
n w
ill re
mai
n in
mot
ion
unle
ss a
cted
upo
n by
an
outs
ide
forc
e.
� Fo
rce
is d
irect
ly re
late
d to
an
obje
cts
mas
s an
d ac
cele
ratio
n.�
For e
very
act
ion,
ther
e is
an
equa
l and
opp
osite
reac
tion.
�
Spe
ed is
the
chan
ge in
an
obje
cts
posi
tion
over
tim
e.
� V
eloc
ity is
an
obje
cts
spee
d an
d di
rect
ion.
�
Acc
eler
atio
n is
cha
nge
in v
eloc
ity o
ver t
ime.
�
Eve
ry o
bjec
t exe
rts g
ravi
tatio
nal f
orce
on
othe
r obj
ects
. �
Gra
vity
is d
epen
dent
upo
n m
ass
and
the
dist
ance
bet
wee
n ob
ject
s.�
Fric
tion
is a
forc
e th
at o
ppos
es m
otio
n.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� D
escr
ibe
mot
ion
with
resp
ect t
o a
varie
ty o
f ref
eren
ce
poin
ts.
� C
alcu
late
the
net f
orce
on
an o
bjec
t and
det
erm
ine
its
mot
ion.
� D
esig
n a
pape
r stru
ctur
e to
with
stan
d th
e fo
rce
of g
ravi
ty.
� C
alcu
late
spe
ed a
nd a
ccel
erat
ion
usin
g m
athe
mat
ical
fo
rmul
as.
� G
raph
spe
ed a
nd a
ccel
erat
ion.
�
Man
ipul
ate
varia
bles
affe
ct th
e m
otio
n of
a p
rope
ller p
lane
. �
Cal
cula
te fo
rce
usin
g N
ewto
n’s
2nd la
w o
f mot
ion.
�
Mak
e co
nnec
tions
bet
wee
n N
ewto
n’s
3 la
ws
and
thei
r life
ex
perie
nces
. �
Inte
rpre
t mot
ion
grap
hs.
(sp
eed
vs. t
ime,
acc
eler
atio
n vs
. tim
e)
� W
rite
mot
ion
stor
ies
and
repr
esen
t the
m g
raph
ical
ly.
� U
se d
ata
to p
redi
ct p
atte
rns
in th
e m
otio
n of
an
obje
ct.
� In
crea
se o
r dec
reas
e th
e fri
ctio
n in
a s
yste
m b
y m
anip
ulat
ing
the
varia
bles
invo
lved
.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Bal
l and
ram
p �
Pro
pelle
r Pla
ne In
vest
igat
ions
�
Rol
ler C
oast
er P
roje
ct
� P
aper
Brid
ge C
halle
nge
� N
ut &
Bol
t Rac
e �
Spe
ed a
nd A
ccel
erat
ion
Lab
� M
otio
n gr
aphs
�
New
ton’
s La
ws
Act
ivity
�
Fric
tion
Lab
� G
ravi
ty L
ab
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� B
all a
nd ra
mp
activ
ity a
nd a
naly
sis
� D
iscu
ssio
n “H
ow d
o yo
u kn
ow s
omet
hing
is m
ovin
g?”
� N
otes
on
sign
atur
e m
otio
ns
� N
ut a
nd b
olt r
ace
� C
alcu
latin
g sp
eed
note
s, p
ract
ice,
and
hom
ewor
k �
Pro
pelle
r pla
ne in
vest
igat
ions
o
Dis
tanc
e, s
peed
, acc
eler
atio
n, d
esig
n yo
ur o
wn
expe
rimen
t �
Cal
cula
ting
acce
lera
tion
note
s, p
ract
ice,
and
hom
ewor
k �
Spe
ed a
nd a
ccel
erat
ion
quiz
�
Gra
phin
g m
otio
n pr
actic
e �
Mot
ion
stor
ies
with
gra
phs
� P
aper
brid
ge c
halle
nge
� N
ewto
n’s
Law
s no
tes
and
disc
ussi
on
� In
ertia
Lab
�
New
ton’
s 2nd
law
lab
� N
ewto
n’s
Law
s qu
iz
� G
ravi
ty L
ab
� Fr
ictio
n La
b �
Rol
ler C
oast
er P
roje
ct
� R
evie
w G
ame
� U
nit T
est
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: W
ork
& S
impl
e M
achi
nes
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 6
D
urat
ion:
2
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
5: E
nerg
y an
d m
atte
r int
erac
t thr
ough
forc
es th
at re
sult
in c
hang
es in
mot
ion
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
5.2c
Mac
hine
s tra
nsfe
r mec
hani
cal e
nerg
y fro
m o
ne o
bjec
t to
anot
her.
5.2e
A m
achi
ne c
an b
e m
ade
mor
e ef
ficie
nt b
y re
duci
ng fr
ictio
n. S
ome
com
mon
way
s of
redu
cing
fric
tion
incl
ude
lubr
icat
ing
or w
axin
g su
rface
s.5.
2f M
achi
nes
can
chan
ge th
e di
rect
ion
or a
mou
nt o
f for
ce, o
r the
dis
tanc
e or
spe
ed o
f for
ce re
quire
d to
do
wor
k.
5.2g
Sim
ple
mac
hine
s in
clud
e a
leve
r, a
pulle
y, a
whe
el a
nd a
xle,
and
an
incl
ined
pla
ne.
A c
ompl
ex m
achi
ne u
ses
a co
mbi
natio
n of
inte
ract
ing
sim
ple
mac
hine
s, e
.g.,
a bi
cycl
e.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Wor
k is
onl
y do
ne w
hen
mot
ion
is p
rese
nt.
� M
achi
nes
are
used
to m
ake
wor
k ea
sier
by
chan
ging
the
dire
ctio
n or
am
ount
of f
orce
requ
ired.
�
Ther
e ar
e di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of s
impl
e m
achi
nes
and
we
use
them
indi
vidu
ally
or i
n co
mbi
natio
n ev
ery
day
of o
ur li
ves.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat i
s w
ork
and
how
do
we
mea
sure
the
amou
nt o
f wor
k co
mpl
eted
?�
How
and
why
do
mac
hine
s m
ake
wor
k ea
sier
? �
Whe
re d
o w
e us
e m
achi
nes
in o
ur li
ves?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� W
ork
occu
rs w
hen
a fo
rce
mov
es a
n ob
ject
s a
certa
in
dist
ance
in th
e di
rect
ion
of th
e fo
rce.
�
Mac
hine
s ar
e us
ed to
mak
e w
ork
easi
er.
� M
achi
nes
trans
fer e
nerg
y fro
m o
ne o
bjec
t to
anot
her.
� M
achi
nes
can
be m
ade
mor
e ef
ficie
nt b
y re
duci
ng fr
ictio
n.
� S
impl
e m
achi
nes
incl
ude
leve
r, pu
lley,
whe
el a
nd a
xle,
in
clin
ed p
lane
, wed
ge a
nd s
crew
. �
Com
plex
mac
hine
s us
e a
com
bina
tion
of s
impl
e m
achi
nes.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� C
alcu
late
wor
k us
ing
a m
athe
mat
ical
form
ula.
�
Stu
dent
s co
mpa
re th
e fo
rce
need
ed to
mov
e an
obj
ect w
ith
and
with
out a
sim
ple
mac
hine
. �
Con
stru
ct a
sim
ple
elev
ator
. (pu
lley
syst
em)
� Id
entif
y th
e si
mpl
e m
achi
nes
that
mak
e up
a la
rger
mor
e co
mpl
ex m
achi
ne.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Sim
ple
mac
hine
sta
tions
(mul
tiple
day
act
ivity
) �
Ele
vato
r Cha
lleng
e
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� Le
ver d
emon
stra
tion
� W
ork
note
s, d
iscu
ssio
n an
d ho
mew
ork
�
Sim
ple
mac
hine
iden
tific
atio
n ac
tivity
�
Sim
ple
mac
hine
s no
tes
and
disc
ussi
on
� S
impl
e m
achi
nes
stat
ions
�
Ele
vato
r act
ivity
�
Rub
e G
oldb
erg
disc
ussi
on a
nd a
ssig
nmen
t �
Uni
t Tes
t
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: Fo
rces
in F
luid
s
#/
Plac
emen
t of U
nit:
7
Dur
atio
n:
2 w
eeks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
2:
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s: M
any
of th
e ph
enom
ena
that
we
obse
rve
on E
arth
invo
lve
inte
ract
ions
am
ong
com
pone
nts
of a
ir, w
ater
, and
la
nd.
2.1b
As
altit
ude
incr
ease
s, a
ir pr
essu
re d
ecre
ases
.
Key
Idea
3: M
atte
r is
mad
e up
of p
artic
les
who
se p
rope
rties
det
erm
ine
the
obse
rvab
le c
hara
cter
istic
s of
mat
ter a
nd it
s re
activ
ity.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
3.1h
Den
sity
can
be
desc
ribed
as
the
amou
nt o
f mat
ter t
hat i
s in
a g
iven
am
ount
of s
pace
. If t
wo
obje
cts
have
equ
al v
olum
e, b
ut o
ne
has
mor
e m
ass,
the
one
with
mor
e m
ass
is d
ense
r. 3.
1i B
uoya
ncy
is d
eter
min
ed b
y co
mpa
rativ
e de
nsiti
es.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
The
dens
ity o
f an
obje
ct is
det
erm
ined
by
com
parin
g its
m
ass
and
volu
me.
�
Buo
yanc
y ca
n be
det
erm
ined
by
com
parin
g th
e de
nsiti
es o
f di
ffere
nt s
ubst
ance
s.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow a
re m
ass
and
volu
me
rela
ted?
�
Can
the
dens
ity o
f an
obje
ct b
e ch
ange
d?
� W
hy d
o so
me
obje
cts
float
in fl
uids
?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� D
ense
obj
ects
hav
e at
oms
that
are
tigh
tly p
acke
d to
geth
er.
� D
ensi
ty e
qual
s m
ass
divi
ded
by v
olum
e.
� O
bjec
ts w
ith a
den
sity
less
than
1.0
will
float
in w
ater
. �
Obj
ects
with
a d
ensi
ty g
reat
er th
an 1
.0 w
ill si
nk in
wat
er.
� P
ress
ure
incr
ease
s as
dep
th in
crea
ses.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� D
eter
min
e if
an o
bjec
t will
float
in a
flui
d.
� M
anip
ulat
e an
obj
ect t
o m
ake
it flo
at.
� A
ccur
atel
y de
term
ine
the
dens
ity o
f an
obje
ct u
sing
the
form
ula
d =
m/v
�
Pre
dict
the
amou
nt o
f an
obje
ct th
at w
ill flo
at a
bove
the
surfa
ce b
ased
on
its d
ensi
ty.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Floa
t or S
ink
� M
anip
ulat
ing
Cla
y �
Mea
surin
g D
ensi
ty L
ab
� La
yers
of D
ensi
ty
� C
ompa
rativ
e D
ensi
ties
o “F
loat
ing
Pen
cil L
ab”
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� Fl
oat o
r sin
k �
Man
ipul
atin
g C
lay
chal
leng
e �
Den
sity
not
es a
nd p
ract
ice
� M
easu
ring
dens
ity la
b �
Laye
rs o
f den
sity
�
Dee
p w
ater
cre
atur
es re
adin
g an
d di
scus
sion
�
Pre
ssur
e in
flui
ds la
b �
Com
para
tive
dens
ities
lab
� E
nd o
f uni
t ass
essm
ent
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: En
ergy
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 8
D
urat
ion:
4
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.1a
The
Sun
is a
maj
or s
ourc
e of
ene
rgy
for E
arth
. Oth
er s
ourc
es o
f ene
rgy
incl
ude
nucl
ear a
nd g
eoth
erm
al e
nerg
y.
4.1b
Fos
sil f
uels
con
tain
sto
red
sola
r ene
rgy
and
are
cons
ider
ed n
onre
new
able
reso
urce
s. T
hey
are
a m
ajor
sou
rce
of e
nerg
y in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes.
Sol
ar e
nerg
y, w
ind,
mov
ing
wat
er, a
nd b
iom
ass
are
som
e ex
ampl
es o
f ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y re
sour
ces.
4.
1c M
ost a
ctiv
ities
in e
very
day
life
invo
lve
one
form
of e
nerg
y be
ing
trans
form
ed in
to a
noth
er. F
or e
xam
ple,
the
chem
ical
ene
rgy
in
gaso
line
is tr
ansf
orm
ed in
to m
echa
nica
l ene
rgy
in a
n au
tom
obile
eng
ine.
Ene
rgy,
in th
e fo
rm o
f hea
t, is
alm
ost a
lway
s on
e of
the
prod
ucts
of e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ions
. 4.
1d D
iffer
ent f
orm
s of
ene
rgy
incl
ude
heat
, lig
ht, e
lect
rical
, mec
hani
cal,
soun
d, n
ucle
ar, a
nd c
hem
ical
. Ene
rgy
is tr
ansf
orm
ed in
man
y w
ays.
4.1e
Ene
rgy
can
be c
onsi
dere
d to
be
eith
er k
inet
ic e
nerg
y, w
hich
is th
e en
ergy
of m
otio
n, o
r pot
entia
l ene
rgy,
whi
ch d
epen
ds o
nre
lativ
e po
sitio
n.
4.5a
Ene
rgy
cann
ot b
e cr
eate
d or
des
troye
d, b
ut o
nly
chan
ged
from
one
form
into
ano
ther
. 4.
5b E
nerg
y ca
n ch
ange
from
one
form
to a
noth
er, a
lthou
gh in
the
proc
ess
som
e en
ergy
is a
lway
s co
nver
ted
to h
eat.
Som
e sy
stem
s tra
nsfo
rm e
nerg
y w
ith le
ss lo
ss o
f hea
t tha
n ot
hers
.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Ene
rgy
exis
ts in
man
y di
ffere
nt fo
rms.
�
Ene
rgy
is c
onse
rved
whe
n ch
ange
d fro
m o
ne fo
rm to
an
othe
r.�
Mos
t act
iviti
es in
volv
e on
e fo
rm o
f Ene
rgy
bein
g tra
nsfo
rmed
into
ano
ther
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow is
ene
rgy
from
the
sun
trans
form
ed in
to e
ach
of th
e ot
her f
orm
s of
ene
rgy?
�
Wha
t hap
pens
dur
ing
an e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ion?
�
Whe
re a
re e
nerg
y tra
nsfo
rmat
ions
see
n in
our
live
s?
� W
here
doe
s en
ergy
go?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� Th
e su
n is
the
maj
or s
ourc
e of
ene
rgy
for t
he E
arth
. �
Foss
il fu
els
cont
ain
stor
ed e
nerg
y an
d ar
e co
nsid
ered
no
nren
ewab
le re
sour
ces.
�
Diff
eren
t for
ms
of e
nerg
y ex
ist s
uch
as th
erm
al, l
ight
, el
ectri
cal,
mec
hani
cal,
soun
d, n
ucle
ar a
nd c
hem
ical
. �
Ene
rgy
is c
onsi
dere
d to
be
eith
er k
inet
ic (e
nerg
y of
mot
ion)
or
pot
entia
l (st
ored
ene
rgy)
.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� C
reat
e an
ene
rgy
trans
form
atio
n m
ap th
at tr
aces
the
ener
gy a
ll th
e w
ay b
ack
to th
e su
n (In
spira
tion)
. �
Com
pare
and
con
trast
pow
er p
lant
pos
ters
bas
ed o
n th
e en
ergy
sou
rces
. �
Con
stru
ct o
rigin
al q
uest
ions
bas
ed o
n pr
evio
us s
tate
test
di
agra
ms/
pict
ures
.�
Def
end
the
use
of b
oth
Ren
ewab
le a
nd N
onre
new
able
so
urce
s of
ene
rgy.
�
Eva
luat
e re
cent
inve
ntio
ns in
thei
r abi
lity
to a
ddre
ss th
e en
ergy
cris
is.
� D
eter
min
e ho
w d
iffer
ent v
aria
bles
affe
ct th
e m
otio
n of
a
rubb
er p
oppe
r. S
tage
2 –
Ass
essm
ent E
vide
nce
Per
form
ance
Tas
ks:
� E
nerg
y Tr
ansf
orm
atio
n M
ap/In
spira
tion
Pro
ject
�
Pow
er P
lant
Pos
ter
� C
reat
e E
nerg
y S
tate
Tes
t Que
stio
ns
� R
enew
able
vs.
Non
rene
wab
le R
esou
rces
Pro
ject
�
Inve
ntio
n N
atio
n la
b �
Rub
ber P
oppe
r Act
ivity
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� E
nerg
y D
emon
stra
tions
(pre
dict
, obs
erve
, exp
lain
) �
Intro
to E
nerg
y N
otes
�
Ene
rgy
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
Pra
ctic
e P
robl
ems
�
Ene
rgy
Qui
z �
Ene
rgy
Map
-Usi
ng In
spira
tion
� P
ower
Pla
nt re
adin
g/P
oste
r Pro
ject
�
Pot
entia
l and
Kin
etic
Ene
rgy
Not
es
� R
ubbe
r Pop
per A
ctiv
ity
� E
valu
ate
and
Cre
ate
Sat
e Te
st q
uest
ions
(with
HW
) �
Ren
ewab
le a
nd N
on-R
enew
able
Ene
rgy
artic
les
and
vide
os
� R
enew
able
and
Non
-Ren
ewab
le E
nerg
y pr
ojec
t �
Uni
t Tes
t
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: H
eat
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 9
D
urat
ion:
2
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.2a
Hea
t mov
es in
pre
dict
able
way
s, fl
owin
g fro
m w
arm
er o
bjec
ts to
coo
ler o
nes,
unt
il bo
th re
ach
the
sam
e te
mpe
ratu
re.
4.2b
Hea
t can
be
trans
ferr
ed th
roug
h m
atte
r by
the
collis
ions
of a
tom
s an
d/or
mol
ecul
es (c
ondu
ctio
n) o
r thr
ough
spa
ce (r
adia
tion)
. In
a liq
uid
or g
as, c
urre
nts
will
faci
litat
e th
e tra
nsfe
r of h
eat (
conv
ectio
n).
4.2c
Dur
ing
a ph
ase
chan
ge, h
eat e
nerg
y is
abs
orbe
d or
rele
ased
. Ene
rgy
is a
bsor
bed
whe
n a
solid
cha
nges
to a
liqu
id a
nd w
hen
aliq
uid
chan
ges
to a
gas
. Ene
rgy
is re
leas
ed w
hen
a ga
s ch
ange
s to
a li
quid
and
whe
n a
liqui
d ch
ange
s to
a s
olid
. 4.
2d M
ost s
ubst
ance
s ex
pand
whe
n he
ated
and
con
tract
whe
n co
oled
. Wat
er is
an
exce
ptio
n, e
xpan
ding
whe
n ch
angi
ng to
ice.
4.
2e T
empe
ratu
re a
ffect
s th
e so
lubi
lity
of s
ome
subs
tanc
es in
wat
er.
Key
Idea
3: M
atte
r is
mad
e up
of p
artic
les
who
se p
rope
rties
det
erm
ine
the
obse
rvab
le c
hara
cter
istic
s of
mat
ter a
nd it
s re
activ
ity.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
3.3b
Ato
ms
and
mol
ecul
es a
re p
erpe
tual
ly in
mot
ion.
The
gre
ater
the
tem
pera
ture
, the
gre
ater
the
mot
ion.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Hea
t mov
es th
roug
h a
syst
em in
pre
dict
able
pat
tern
s.
� Th
e th
ree
met
hods
of h
eat t
rans
fer a
nd th
eir d
iffer
ence
s.
� Th
e ca
uses
and
effe
cts
of th
erm
al e
xpan
sion
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow d
oes
heat
mov
e th
roug
h a
syst
em?
� W
hat e
ffect
doe
s he
at h
ave
on o
bjec
ts?
� H
ow d
oes
heat
tran
sfer
affe
ct o
ur li
ves?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� H
eat m
oves
from
war
mer
obj
ects
to c
oole
r obj
ects
unt
il th
ey
both
reac
h th
e sa
me
tem
pera
ture
. �
Con
duct
ion
occu
rs w
hen
heat
is tr
ansf
erre
d by
dire
ct
cont
act.
� C
onve
ctio
n oc
curs
whe
n he
at is
tran
sfer
red
by c
urre
nts
fluid
s.�
Rad
iatio
n oc
curs
whe
n he
at is
tran
sfer
red
by
elec
trom
agne
tic w
aves
. �
Ther
mal
ene
rgy
is th
e to
tal k
inet
ic e
nerg
y of
all
the
parti
cles
of
a s
ubst
ance
. �
Tem
pera
ture
is th
e m
easu
rem
ent o
f the
ave
rage
kin
etic
en
ergy
of t
he p
artic
les
of a
sub
stan
ce.
� A
s th
e am
ount
of t
herm
al e
nerg
y in
crea
ses,
the
parti
cles
of
mat
ter m
ove
fast
er a
nd s
prea
d ou
t. �
Con
duct
ors
are
mat
eria
ls th
at a
llow
ene
rgy
to tr
avel
thro
ugh
them
eas
ily.
� In
sula
tors
do
not a
llow
ene
rgy
to tr
avel
thro
ugh
them
.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� Id
entif
y th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
tem
pera
ture
and
ther
mal
en
ergy
.�
Acc
urat
ely
mea
sure
tem
pera
ture
. �
Exp
lain
how
mat
eria
l rea
ch th
erm
al e
quilib
rium
. �
Iden
tify
the
vario
us m
etho
ds o
f hea
t tra
nsfe
r evi
dent
in th
eir
lives
.�
Pre
dict
the
beha
vior
of s
ubst
ance
s re
lativ
e to
the
mot
ion
of
thei
r par
ticle
s.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Tem
pera
ture
s at
OA
MS
�
Mel
ting
gree
n ic
e in
wat
er
� H
eat t
rans
fer p
oste
rs
� C
alor
imet
er L
ab
� M
ixin
g ho
t and
col
d w
ater
(with
food
col
orin
g)
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� M
eltin
g gr
een
ice
in w
ater
�
Ther
mal
ene
rgy
dem
o (p
redi
ct, o
bser
ve, e
xpla
in)
� In
tro to
hea
t not
es a
nd d
iscu
ssio
n �
Tem
pera
ture
s at
OA
MS
�
Con
vect
ion
dem
onst
ratio
n (rh
eosc
opic
flui
d)
� H
eat t
rans
fer p
oste
r pro
ject
�
Cal
orim
eter
lab
� Th
erm
al e
xpan
sion
dem
onst
ratio
ns (p
redi
ct, o
bser
ve, e
xpla
in)
� Th
erm
al e
xpan
sion
not
es a
nd d
iscu
ssio
n �
Mix
ing
hot a
nd c
old
wat
er (w
ith la
b re
port)
�
Rev
iew
Gam
e �
Uni
t Tes
t
bn
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t:
Wav
es &
Sou
nd
#/
Plac
emen
t of U
nit:
10
D
urat
ion:
2
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.1d
Diff
eren
t for
ms
of e
nerg
y in
clud
e he
at, l
ight
, ele
ctric
al, m
echa
nica
l, so
und,
nuc
lear
, and
che
mic
al. E
nerg
y is
tran
sfor
med
in m
any
way
s4.
4c V
ibra
tions
in m
ater
ials
set
up
wav
e-lik
e di
stur
banc
es th
at s
prea
d aw
ay fr
om th
e so
urce
. Sou
nd w
aves
are
an
exam
ple.
Vib
ratio
nal
wav
es m
ove
at d
iffer
ent s
peed
s in
diff
eren
t mat
eria
ls. S
ound
can
not t
rave
l in
a va
cuum
.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Sou
nd a
nd li
ght e
nerg
y ar
e tra
nsm
itted
by
diffe
rent
type
s of
w
aves
.�
Wav
es tr
avel
at d
iffer
ent s
peed
s th
roug
h di
ffere
nt m
ediu
ms.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat i
s so
und?
�
How
do
wav
es tr
avel
thro
ugh
diffe
rent
med
ium
s?
� W
hat s
ound
s ar
e ev
iden
t in
the
wor
ld a
roun
d us
?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� Tr
ansv
erse
wav
es v
ibra
te th
e m
ediu
m p
erpe
ndic
ular
to th
e di
rect
ion
of m
otio
n.
� Lo
ngitu
dina
l wav
es v
ibra
te th
e m
ediu
m in
the
sam
e di
rect
ion
as th
e m
otio
n.
� W
aves
hav
e sp
ecifi
c w
avel
engt
hs, f
requ
enci
es, a
mpl
itude
, an
d pi
tch.
�
Infra
soun
ds a
re h
igh
pitc
hed
soun
ds.
� U
ltras
ound
s ar
e lo
w p
itche
d so
unds
. �
Son
ar a
nd e
chol
ocat
ion
use
soun
ds to
pro
vide
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
env
ironm
ent.
� M
ore
dens
e m
ater
ials
tran
sfer
sou
nd a
t hig
her s
peed
s.
� S
ound
is s
low
er th
an th
e sp
eed
of li
ght w
aves
. �
Sou
nd c
anno
t tra
vel i
n a
vacu
um.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� Id
entif
y an
d la
bel b
oth
trans
vers
e an
d lo
ngitu
dina
l wav
es.
� M
anip
ulat
e so
unds
usi
ng c
ompu
ter s
oftw
are
by c
hang
ing
the
ampl
itude
and
wav
elen
gth.
�
Cal
cula
te th
e sp
eed
of s
ound
. �
Pre
dict
how
sou
nds
will
trave
l tho
ugh
vario
us m
ater
ials
. �
Mak
e in
fere
nces
abo
ut th
e so
urce
s of
sou
nds
base
d on
the
soun
ds p
rope
rties
.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Spe
ed o
f Sou
nd la
b �
Tuni
ng fo
rk in
vest
igat
ion
� S
ound
map
s �
Ech
oloc
atio
n ac
tivity
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� S
ound
iden
tific
atio
n ac
tivity
�
Slin
ky d
emon
stra
tions
�
Wav
es n
otes
and
dis
cuss
ion
(with
hom
ewor
k)
� Tu
ning
fork
inve
stig
atio
n �
Wav
es q
uiz
� S
peed
of s
ound
lab
� In
fraso
und
and
ultra
soun
d re
adin
g an
d vi
deo
� S
ound
map
�
Ech
oloc
atio
n so
ng a
nd a
ctiv
ity
� U
nit t
est
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: Li
ght &
the
Elec
trom
agne
tic S
pect
rum
#/
Plac
emen
t of U
nit:
11
D
urat
ion:
3
wee
ks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.1d
Diff
eren
t for
ms
of e
nerg
y in
clud
e he
at, l
ight
, ele
ctric
al, m
echa
nica
l, so
und,
nuc
lear
, and
che
mic
al. E
nerg
y is
tran
sfor
med
in m
any
way
s4.
4a D
iffer
ent f
orm
s of
ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
have
diff
eren
t wav
elen
gths
. Som
e ex
ampl
es o
f ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
are
mic
row
aves
,in
frare
d lig
ht, v
isib
le li
ght,
ultra
viol
et li
ght,
X-r
ays,
and
gam
ma
rays
. 4.
4b L
ight
pas
ses
thro
ugh
som
e m
ater
ials
, som
etim
es re
fract
ing
in th
e pr
oces
s. M
ater
ials
abs
orb
and
refle
ct li
ght,
and
may
tran
smit
light
. To
see
an o
bjec
t, lig
ht fr
om th
at o
bjec
t, em
itted
by
or re
flect
ed fr
om it
, mus
t ent
er th
e ey
e.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Man
y di
ffere
nt w
avel
engt
hs o
f inv
isib
le e
nerg
y ex
ist i
n th
e un
iver
se.
� Th
ere
are
a va
riety
of s
ourc
es a
nd d
etec
tors
of
elec
trom
agne
tic e
nerg
y.
� E
lect
rom
agne
tic e
nerg
y re
acts
diff
eren
tly w
hen
it co
ntac
ts
vario
us m
ater
ials
.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� W
hat a
re th
e di
ffere
nces
bet
wee
n th
e fo
rms
of
elec
trom
agne
tic e
nerg
y?
� H
ow d
o di
ffere
nt m
ater
ials
affe
ct d
iffer
ent f
orm
s of
el
ectro
mag
netic
ene
rgy?
�
Whe
re is
ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
appl
ied
in to
day’
s w
orld
?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� E
lect
rom
agne
tic e
nerg
y is
tran
sfer
red
as a
tran
sver
se
wav
e.�
Ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
does
not
nee
d a
med
ium
. �
The
wav
elen
gth
dete
rmin
es th
e ty
pe o
f ele
ctro
mag
netic
en
ergy
.�
Exa
mpl
es o
f ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
incl
ude;
radi
o w
aves
, in
frare
d ra
ys, v
isib
le li
ght,
ultra
viol
et, x
-ray
, gam
ma
rays
. �
App
licat
ions
for e
ach
form
of e
lect
rom
agne
tic e
nerg
y.
� Li
ght p
asse
s th
roug
h so
me
mat
eria
ls, s
omet
imes
refra
ctin
g in
the
proc
ess.
�
The
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n co
nvex
and
con
cave
lens
es a
nd
mirr
ors.
� S
ome
mat
eria
ls a
bsor
b or
refle
ct li
ght.
� D
iffer
ent w
avel
engt
hs o
f vis
ible
ligh
t rep
rese
nt v
ario
us
colo
rs.
� W
hite
ligh
t can
be
sepa
rate
d in
to c
olor
s us
ing
a pr
ism
. �
The
colo
r tha
t an
obje
ct a
ppea
rs is
the
colo
r of l
ight
that
it
refle
cts.
� D
arke
r obj
ects
abs
orb
mor
e lig
ht e
nerg
y th
an li
ght c
olor
ed
obje
cts.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� Id
entif
y th
e va
rious
form
s of
ele
ctro
mag
netic
ene
rgy
base
d on
thei
r wav
elen
gth.
�
Pre
dict
the
trans
mis
sion
of e
lect
rom
agne
tic e
nerg
y th
roug
h di
ffere
nt m
ater
ials
. �
Iden
tify
sour
ces
of e
lect
rom
agne
tic e
nerg
y th
at a
re re
leva
nt
in th
eir l
ives
. �
Man
ipul
ate
light
usi
ng le
nses
and
mirr
ors.
�
Det
erm
ine
poss
ible
use
s of
lens
es a
nd m
irror
s in
the
wor
ld
toda
y.�
Iden
tify
area
s ar
ound
the
scho
ol th
at s
houl
d sh
ield
radi
o w
aves
.�
Con
stru
ct a
map
that
det
ails
cel
lula
r pho
ne c
over
age
arou
nd th
e sc
hool
.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
EM
spe
ctru
m c
onst
ruct
ion
� S
ourc
es a
nd d
etec
tors
lab
� C
ell p
hone
act
ivity
�
Lens
es a
nd m
irror
s
� La
sers
and
lens
es a
ctiv
ity
� O
ptic
al il
lusi
ons
chal
leng
e
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� E
M s
pect
rum
con
stru
ctio
n �
Tran
sver
se w
ave
dem
onst
ratio
n �
Spe
ed o
f lig
ht re
adin
g �
EM
spe
ctru
m n
otes
and
dis
cuss
ion
� S
ourc
es a
nd d
etec
tors
lab
(with
hom
ewor
k)
� E
M s
pect
rum
qui
z �
Opt
ical
illu
sion
s ch
alle
nge
� R
efle
ctio
n/R
efra
ctio
n de
mon
stra
tions
�
Lens
es a
nd m
irror
s ac
tivity
�
Pro
perti
es o
f lig
ht n
otes
�
Pris
m d
emon
stra
tion
� La
sers
and
lens
es a
ctiv
ity
� Tr
avel
ing
on a
bea
m o
f lig
ht s
tory
�
Cel
l pho
ne a
ctiv
ity
� U
nit t
est
Ow
ego
Apa
lach
in C
entr
al S
choo
l Dis
tric
t Su
bjec
t: Sc
ienc
e
C
ours
e Ti
tle:
7th
gra
de P
hysi
cal S
cien
ce
Uni
t: El
ectr
icity
& M
agne
tism
#/Pl
acem
ent o
f Uni
t: 12
Dur
atio
n:
2 w
eeks
Sta
ge 1
– D
esire
d R
esul
ts
Esta
blis
hed
Goa
ls:N
YS
Inte
rmed
iate
Lev
el S
cien
ce C
ore
Cur
ricul
um
Stan
dard
4: P
hysi
cal S
ettin
g
Key
Idea
4: E
nerg
y ex
ists
in m
any
form
s, a
nd w
hen
thes
e fo
rms
chan
ge e
nerg
y is
con
serv
ed.
Maj
or U
nder
stan
ding
s:
4.4d
Ele
ctric
al e
nerg
y ca
n be
pro
duce
d fro
m a
var
iety
of e
nerg
y so
urce
s an
d ca
n be
tran
sfor
med
into
alm
ost a
ny o
ther
form
of e
nerg
y.4.
4e E
lect
rical
circ
uits
pro
vide
a m
eans
of t
rans
ferr
ing
elec
trica
l ene
rgy.
4.
4f W
ithou
t tou
chin
g th
em, m
ater
ial t
hat h
as b
een
elec
trica
lly c
harg
ed a
ttrac
ts u
ncha
rged
mat
eria
l, an
d m
ay e
ither
attr
act o
r rep
el
othe
r cha
rged
mat
eria
l. 4.
4g W
ithou
t dire
ct c
onta
ct, a
mag
net a
ttrac
ts c
erta
in m
ater
ials
and
eith
er a
ttrac
ts o
r rep
els
othe
r mag
nets
. The
attr
activ
e fo
rce
of a
m
agne
t is
grea
test
at i
ts p
oles
.
Und
erst
andi
ngs:
Stu
dent
s w
ill u
nder
stan
d th
at…
�
Ele
ctric
al c
ircui
ts p
rovi
de a
mea
ns o
f tra
nsfe
rring
ele
ctric
al
ener
gy.
� A
mag
net a
ttrac
ts c
erta
in m
ater
ials
and
eith
er a
ttrac
ts o
r re
pels
oth
er m
agne
ts.
Ess
entia
l Que
stio
ns:
� H
ow d
oes
elec
trici
ty tr
avel
thro
ugh
a sy
stem
? �
Why
doe
s el
ectri
city
trav
el th
roug
h so
me
mat
eria
ls b
ette
r th
an o
ther
s?
� H
ow a
re e
lect
ricity
and
mag
netis
m re
late
d?
Stu
dent
s w
ill k
now
…
� U
nlik
e m
agne
tic p
oles
attr
act;
like
mag
netic
pol
es re
pel.
� Th
e E
arth
has
a n
orth
and
sou
th m
agne
tic p
ole.
�
Ele
ctric
cur
rent
is e
lect
ric c
harg
e in
mot
ion.
�
Ele
ctric
cha
rges
flow
free
ly th
roug
h m
ater
ials
cal
led
cond
ucto
rs.
� S
tatic
ele
ctric
ity re
sults
whe
n el
ectro
ns m
ove
from
one
ob
ject
to a
noth
er.
� V
olta
ge is
the
pote
ntia
l diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
two
plac
es in
a
circ
uit.
� R
esis
tanc
e is
the
oppo
sitio
n to
the
flow
of e
lect
ric c
harg
es.
� In
a s
erie
s ci
rcui
t, th
e ch
arge
s ha
ve o
nly
one
path
to fl
ow
thro
ugh.
� In
a p
aral
lel c
ircui
t, th
e ch
arge
s ca
n flo
w th
roug
h di
ffere
nt
bran
ches
of t
he c
ircui
t. �
A g
ener
ator
con
verts
mec
hani
cal e
nerg
y to
ele
ctric
al
ener
gy.
� P
ower
is th
e ra
te a
t whi
ch e
nerg
y is
con
verte
d.
Stu
dent
s w
ill b
e ab
le to
…
� C
onst
ruct
a s
impl
e ci
rcui
t usi
ng b
atte
ries,
bul
bs a
nd
switc
hes.
� Tr
oubl
esho
ot a
faul
ty c
ircui
t. �
Iden
tify
cond
ucto
rs a
nd in
sula
tors
thro
ugh
expe
rimen
tatio
n.
� B
uild
a m
agne
t.
Sta
ge 2
– A
sses
smen
t Evi
denc
e P
erfo
rman
ce T
asks
:�
Test
ing
Mag
netis
m L
ab
� C
ondu
ctor
s an
d In
sula
tors
Lab
�
Bui
ldin
g C
ircui
ts L
ab
� Fi
Circ
uits
Lab
�
Bui
ldin
g a
Mag
net L
ab
Oth
er E
vide
nce:
�
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
- P
redi
ct, O
bser
ve, E
xpla
in
� S
cien
ce J
ourn
al
� H
omew
ork
o R
einf
orce
men
t and
Rev
iew
�
Qui
zzes
�
Uni
t Tes
t �
New
Yor
k st
ate
test
que
stio
ns
Sta
ge 3
– L
earn
ing
Pla
n Le
arni
ng A
ctiv
ities
: �
Pre
-Lea
rnin
g A
ctiv
ity (K
WL,
Pre
-Tes
t, In
trodu
ctor
y R
eadi
ng)
� N
otes
on
elec
tric
char
ges
and
mag
netis
m
� Te
stin
g m
agne
tism
Lab
�
Not
es o
n co
nduc
tors
and
insu
lato
rs
� C
ondu
ctor
s an
d in
sula
tors
lab
� R
eadi
ng o
n se
mi-c
ondu
ctor
s �
Ele
ctric
cur
rent
not
es
� B
uild
ing
circ
uits
lab
� Fi
circ
uits
lab
� Q
uiz
�
Ele
ctric
pro
duct
ion
note
s �
Res
earc
h al
tern
ativ
e en
ergy
reso
urce
s (w
ind,
sol
ar, h
ydro
) �
Bui
ldin
g a
mag
net l
ab
� U
nit T
est