P – Increase your preporation

A – Determining your altitude

C – Reading in clusters

E – Drawing on experience

Increase Your Preparation Overview Your Assignments•Conduct a quick overview•Get an understanding for captions, headings, subheadings, and portions, so you can locate key concepts•Helps you see the importance of

each part

Increase Your Preparation Edward Gobson’s “Great Recall”•Think of a classic operating room scene•The surgeon has all his tools•Before reading you should “recall’ all

the information about the specific topic

•Then you will have your mental tools for an intellectual operation

Increase Your Preparation Daniel Webster’s Way•After scanning the table of contents, reading the preface, and flipping through some pages•Make a list of:

1. Questions that you expect to be answered in the book 2. The knowledge you expect to gain from the reading3. Where the knowledge will take you

Determining Your AltitudeSkim at 35,000 Ft to Get the

Gist

• Used to get the gist of a book • Read both introduction and

summary quickly, also paragraphs to see if they pertain to your topic of study

• Use for term papers & to save time

Determining Your AltitudeSkim at the treetops for General Clues

• When looking for specific info, but don’t know the exact phrasing

• Be alert for clues• Infer from previous or other info• Try to guess the form of the info• Think you found it? Go back and

read that paragraph carefully, to be sure

Determining Your AltitudeSkim at Ground Level for Specific Info

• Specific info: name, date, word, or phrase

• Searching is recognition not comprehension

• Look for specific words or phrases • Keep it in your mind as you skim, it

will trigger• Once found read sentence or context

clues to see if it is the exact info you want

Reading In Clusters

The Intonation Way•Vocalization is inevitable•Vocalization while reading improves comprehension•When using intonation technique, read silently but with expression•Using intonation you are replacing the rhythm, stress, emphasis, & pauses that were taken out when it was put into the written form•Also its easier to cluster

Reading In ClustersThink in Terms of Paragraphs•Intonation clusters groups of sentences, you can do it for paragraphs too•Topic sentences announce the topic•Supporting sentences: support ideas•Concluding sentence: concludes•An understanding of those 3 sentence types cluster into one summary sentence of the paragraph

Reading In ClustersProcess Your Reading A Page at a Time•Make the page your fundamental unit•No formulas•Just simply stop at the end of every page and ask, “What did the writer say on this page?”•Cluster by Page

Drawing on Experience

Bolster Your Background•You can improve you reading by reading good books•You will expand and learn new concepts, ideas, events, and names•Those will help in later reading•You can draw on this info when reading later

Drawing on Experience

Beef Up Your Vocabulary•The fastest readers have excellent

vocabularies•They not only see words faster, but

also understand them more quickly

Citation

Owens, Ross, and Walter Pauk. How to Study in College. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.