packaging & folding class

7/28/2019 Packaging & Folding Class

1/61

Packaging

and

Folding


2/61

Packaging is the science, art andtechnology of enclosing orprotecting products fordistribution, storage, sale, anduse.

Packaging also refers to theprocess of design, evaluation, andproduction of packages.


3/61

The labels onpackages areimportant components

of the overallmarketing mix andcan support :-

Advertising claims,

Establish brandidentity,Enhance namerecognition,and Optimize shelf space allocations.


4/61

When designing packaging, the cost tomanufacture, ship, and display thepackage must be considered.Packaging must be small enough toaccommodate available shelf space andlarge enough to deter theft.

It must also contain an adequateamount of product to keep the unitprice competitive.


5/61

Function and scope of Packaging

Packaging may have two major functions:

1. Distribution The distribution function deals with packaging theapparel or allied product in a manner which permits the apparelmanufacturer to ship the product at lowest cost and/ or in theshortest time to the purchaser, without diminishing the quality of the product

2. Merchandising The merchandising function deals withpresenting the apparel product in a manner designed tostimulate consumer desire for the product.

SCOPE: Retaining - The products durability andStyle specifications during the journey

from the factory to the retailer.


6/61

Quality deterrents that have to be prevented in packaging practically allconsumer items are:

1. Creasing2. Crushing and3. Dust

Military apparel and apparel destined for export or shipment toextremes of climatic conditions, must be packaged to protect theproduct against hazards such as:

wetting, mildew, fungus, excessive light and handling damage.

Handling damage refers to tears, creases and stains inflicted whenthe package is broken by shipping handlings


7/61

Physical protection - The objects enclosed inthe package may require protection from,among other things, shock, vibration,

compression, temperature, etc.

Barrier protection - A barrier from oxygen,water vapor, dust, etc., is often required,

keeping the contents clean, fresh, and safefor the intended shelf life is a primaryfunction.


8/61


9/61

Security - Packaging can play an important role in reducingthe security risks of shipment. Packages can be made withimproved tamper resistance to deter tampering and alsocan have tamper-evident features to help indicatetampering.

To reduce the risks of package pilferage, Packages mayinclude authentication seals to indicate that the packageand contents are not counterfeit.

Packages also can include anti-theft devices, such as dye-packs, RFID tags, or electronic article surveillance tags,that can be activated or detected by devices at exit pointsand require specialized tools to deactivate.


10/61

Convenience - Packages can have featureswhich add convenience in distribution,handling, display, sale, opening, reclosing, use,and reuse.

Portion control - Single serving or single dosagepackaging has a precise amount of contents tocontrol usage.Bulk commodities (such as salt) can be divided

into packages that are a more suitable size forindividual households.It also aids the control of inventory: sellingsealed one-liter-bottles of milk, rather thanhaving people bring their own bottles to fillthemselves.


11/61

Functions of packaging

PrimaryProtective functionStorage function

Loading and transportfunction

SecondarySales function

Promotional functionService functionGuarantee function

Tertiary

Additional function
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Packages.jpg


12/61

Primary bag

Open carton

Carton liner Secondary bag

Sealed carton


13/61

Primary functionsThe protective function of packaging essentiallyinvolves protecting thecontents from theenvironment and vice versa.

Packaging materials andpackaging containers must bestored in many different

locations ,both beforepackaging of the goods andonce the package contentshave been used.


14/61

Convenient goods handling entails designing transportpackaging in such a manner that it may be held, lifted, moved,

set down and stowed easily, efficiently and safely.


15/61


16/61

The various items of information printed on packagingprovide the consumer with details about the contents anduse of the particular product.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dangclass3.png


17/61

Tertiary functions

The additional function of packaging materials orpackaging containers istheir reuse once thepackage contents havebeen used.

The most significantexample is the recyclingof paper, paperboard andcardboard packaging aswaste paper.


18/61

TYPES OF PACKAGE FORMS:

The basic types of package forms used in apparel and alliedproducts are bags, boxes, cartons, cases, crates, twines (or cords)and wrappers

In merchandizing packaging, the product is packaged in the

container in which the customer is expected to receive the product.The product may be packaged singly such as shoes or in multiplesuch as hose.

Shipping packaging is the packaging in which the retailer receivesThe products in bulk form.

A merchandising package is a shipping package if the shippinghandlers (truck men or freight men) handle the same individualBulk forms the retailer will pass on to the consumer.


19/61

Cases and crates are made basically of wood, where asboxes and cartons are made of cardboard and/ or plastic.

Bags and wrappers are made of plastic film.

A case is a package which has no openings in any of its sides.

A crate is a package which has openings or spaces between thewood boards which make up its sides or ends.

Boxes are containers with separate covers.

A box contains two or more pieces.

Cartons are containers which do not have separate covers

A carton is a one piece container.

Boxes and cartons are either of the folding or set-up type.


20/61

The folding box or carton does not require staples, glue or tape to holdits sides in shape. The cut of a box or carton permits the box or carton

to be folded and shaped from a flat sheet or sheets of paper or paper board.

The set up box or carton requires staples, glue, tape or some other device to retain the shape into which the paper or paper board hasbeen folded.

Bags are non rigid containers made from paper or plastic film. Thesecontainers do not have the rigid structural form present in boxes,cartons, cases and crates.

The two basic types of bag containers are Sacks and envelops.The most popular bag forms are the flat, square, satchel bottom and

Automatic self opening.

Envelopes are non rigid containers which have flap extensions on oneSide of the container for closing the container.


21/61

Sacks do not have flap covers. The sack is closed by folding allsides of the opening in a closure pattern

Wrap packages are parcels made by encasing the products in sheetpaper or plastic film. The wrapping does not have the basic structureof a sack or envelop. The sides and bottom of sacks and envelops

are always sealed, whereas a wrapper is an unsealed non-rigidsheet.

Sacks and envelopes are usually fabricated before the packaging.Wrappers are secured in the package formation with sealing tape,cords or bands.

Cords or bands are non rigid linear mediums which are used tomake packaging similar in structural principle to that of the crate.


22/61

Factors influencing the selection of packagedesign:

Consumers dsires dictates merchandise package

Retailers desires dictates Shipment packaging

Sales policy and type of accounts for Merchandising and

Shipment packaging will set the design limits of package design.

The form / style of packaging

Display needs of packaging

Handling comfort of customers in terms of comfort and protectionof goods


23/61

Evolution of materialsPaper & board

Used for making cartons,bags,drumsAdvancements in using the paper in thepackaging as: Corrugated boards,Molded pulp, Tissue paper

Advantages

1. The materials are light and easy tohandle, store, fold and crease

2. If combined with plastic to formlaminated packaging that preventsevaporation and preserve the product

3. Color printing to a very high quality is

possible


24/61

MetalsMetal is most appropriate forpackaging foods, drinks, such as softdrinks and beers (canned food anddrinks). In which, aluminium is oftenused.

Used in making cansaerosolsfoilsclosures

Advantages

1. Contents will stay in a goodcondition for over months

2. Convenient size and light weight


25/61

PlasticsThe use of plastics in packaginghas made tremendous progress inrecent years all over the world.

A wide variety of plastics can beused as thermoform, injectionmoulded or blow mouldedcontainers, such as bottles,cartons, cups, boxes etc.

The merits of rigid plasticcontainers are its low cost and easeof fabrication.


26/61

The demerits are lack of product compatibility, plasticdeterioration, lack of resistance to high heat and fragility at lower temperatures.

Flexible plastic packaging films are used as wrappers or sachets or bags or pouches for packaging milk and dairyproducts.


27/61

Plastics for packaging

Packaging plastics are produced in chemical factories andhave rather long names.

The six major ones are:

low density polyethylenehigh density polyethylenepolypropylene

PolyvinylchloridePolystyrenepolyester (polyethylene terephthalate)


28/61

HDPEBottles for detergents,milk and fruit

juice.

Carrier bags.

Egg Cartons,bottle capsand closures,Food trays.

Fizzy drink bottles,meal containers,roasting bags.


29/61


30/61

Wood cases and Crates are used for bulky export orrugged shipments.

Wood used are ply wood,tongue and groove boards,soft wood.

Basic paper materials used for packaging apparelproducts are Kraft,Corrugated, crepe, tissue,paper board, paper foil andwater proof paper.


31/61

Corrugated Paper areof two types

Flexible corrugated is usedbasically in shock insulation.Corrugated board is usedfor cartons and boxes.


32/61

Crepe paper is distinguished by itswrinkled surface. Used mostly forshock insulation to prevent crushing,fine crepe papers are available fordecorative merchandising effects.Gummed Crepe in strip rolls is apopular sealing tape.

Tissues, thin paper sheets are

used for both shock insulation anddecoration.Paper foil is metallic paper, consistsof paper stock laminated/coated withmetallic's such as bronze or copper.


33/61


34/61

QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGING MATERIALS

The basic quality factors in paper and films are:

A. Properties: Clarity, Thickness, Width and length,basic weight (& yield. sq. in / lb)

B. Characteristics:

Tensile strength Elongation Bursting strength Tearing strength Flammability

Porosity, air Moisture permeability Sunlight transference Dimensional stability to heat / sunlight Resistance to odors


35/61

Shipping packaging is the packaging inwhich the retailer receives the products

in bulk form.

For E.g.- A group of boxes of shoes istied together with twine, the shippingpackage is the corded, crate, case orcarton unit.


36/61

The shipping activities include:

1) Acquiring the empty container2) Positioning the container3) Loading the container4) Sealing the loaded container5) Labeling the sealer container6) Stacking or carting the loaded, sealed, labeled

container.


37/61

Shipment packages have tomeet rules and regulationsin Quality which are set bythe:-

Postal authoritiesRailroad Associations

Motor AssociationsAir freight Associations


38/61

Carton taped closed with corner labels

and Certificate of Compliance

Tertiary vacuum heat sealed bag

with product information label

Twist-sealed carton liner with

Certificate of Compliance

Primary vacuum heat sealed bag

with information label


39/61

Fragile Use no hand hooks This way up Keep away fromsunlight

Keep away from water Centre of gravity Clamp as indicated Do not clamp asindicated
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:DoNotClampAsIndicated.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ClampAsIndicated.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:CentreOfGravity.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Keepdry.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Keepoutofsunlight.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thiswayup.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NoHandHooks.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Fragile.svg


40/61
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dangclass3.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dangclass1.svg


41/61

Packaging and shipping Equipment:

1. Product folding equipment2. Container shapers3. Container loaders4. Container sealers5. Container conveyors


42/61

In Merchandisepackaging, the productis packaged in the

container in which theconsumer is expected toreceive the product.

Product may bepackaged:Singly, such as shoesOr in Multiples, such as

hose


43/61

From Consumers Pointof view the packageshould:Identify the productEnhance the appeal of the productAttract the customer to

the packageProtect the productquality until theconsumer uses the item


44/61

Other Factors affecting are:-

Color and design on thepackage are used to identify,enhance and attract.

The manner in which theproduct is packaged

geometrically is big factor inenhancing the look of thegarment. What part of garmentshows and how does it show off.


45/61


46/61

From Retailers point of view

The merchandise package should have additionalvalues to those enumerated for raising consumer

appeals.

Package should be able to carry a certain displayweight without crushing the product or distorting its

quality.


47/61

Other factors:

1) How high can the packages be

stacked for display or storagepurposes?2) what is the safety factor of the

package with regard toa) the garment qualityb) Personnel safety

3) Under what condition will thestack topple?


48/61

4) Handling cost a) Minimizing space requirements for storing

many of these packages?

b) Minimum time requirements fori) Receiving and checking a deliveryii)Storing the packages in storage and the

stores selling areac) Dispensing the package

i) By a sales clerkii)By consumer self service


49/61

Must be designed to meetneeds of retailers anddesires of consumers.In many apparel items, thepackaging is reduced to ahanger plus a short plasticfilm shoulder cover for the

garment, and a colorful tagon the garment.So that consumer can viewas much possible area of thegarment.


50/61

Vacuum packaging was introduced in the1970s by Swematex AB of Sweden.

The system consists of:1. Reducing the moisture content of the

garment2. Encasing the garment in a plastic film sack3. The air in the sack and garment is vacuumed

out4. The plastic sack is then sealed at the end of

vacuum & compression cycle.


51/61

Functions:-1) To reduce the shipping bulk of

finished garments2) To reduce the finishing weight of

garments shipped3) To prevent a garment from

accumulating dust orobjectionable odors before andduring shipping

4) To prevent garments from

acquiring wrinkles or creases,during shipping, which will haveto be removed before the retailerdisplays the garment

5) To minimize storage space forboth manufacturer and retailer.


52/61

Vacuum packaging is used not only for packing and storing garments,But also for packaging household accessories made from textiles,Such as blankets, bed spreads, pillows and towels anything with bulkcan easily be compressed.

The moisture content is removed by placing the hung garment on aConveyor through a conditioning chamber which decreases moisturecontent of the garments with hot air and then cools it to a giventemperature in cool dry air, prior to encasing it in its plastic film sack.

This conditioning process permits the garment to be compressed withvacuum action without wrinkles or creases which remain in the garmentafter the sealed vacuum pack is opened

When the vacuum pack is opened after it reaches its retail destination,the fabric readily absorbs the necessary moisture to attain its normalstability and thus immediately sheds any wrinkles or creases incurredduring the vacuuming


53/61

Removal of the moisture content prior to its vacuuming andEncasement prevents any creases or wrinkles incurred duringencasement, because in order for a wrinkle or crease to have anyRetention, the fabric must have a certain degree of moisture, whichgives it the plasticity necessary to form retainable wrinkles andcreases.

Hence the absence of sufficient moisture in the garment precludesthe formation of wrinkles or creases which are plasticized in tosuch forms.


54/61

Folding is a very important part of thegarment because it adds to theaesthetic appeal of the garment, helps

in the transportation of the lot, protectscrease recovery, protects it from dust,stains etc.

Folding in fabrics reduces space andhelps in transportation.


55/61

Button the top button and the thirdbutton.Lay the shirt face-down on the folding

surface. You should be looking at theback of your shirt.Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, sothe shirt is flat front and back.The first fold is the right side. Foldabout one-third of the body toward thecentre of the shirt.


56/61

The fold line starts at the centre of theshoulder and ends at the tail. You should seethe back of your shirt with about one-third of the front folded to the back.Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an

angled fold at the shoulder. The sleeve shouldline up with the edge of the first body fold.

Fold the left side in the same manner.Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail.


57/61

Fold up the bottom half of the partially foldedshirt. The tail should be just behind the collarof the shirt now.Turn the entire shirt over. You should have aneatly folded shirt as you typically see at aprofessional laundry or clothing store.


58/61


59/61

An automatic garment folding machinehas a support plate on which the uppercentral portion of a garment rests, a

cover plate which swings down to anoperative position overlying thatportion of the garment, and side foldingplates by which longitudinally extendingside portions of the garment are foldedinto overlapping relationship over itscentral portion.


60/61

The cover plate has fixed and movableclamping members, the movableclamping member being movable

downward to and upward from aclamping position in which it cooperateswith the fixed clamping members,which are on the upper surface of thecover plate.


61/61

packaging & folding class

Documents